Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report

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Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
Sustainable Healthcare in
Newcastle (SHINE) Report
        2020/21
Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
Contents
1. Foreword............................................................................... 3
2. Introduction........................................................................... 6
3. Overall Performance Update.............................................. 10                   1. Foreword
		3.1             Carbon Footprint.................................................. 10
                                                                                                 Over the last unprecedented year, we’ve all had to re-evaluate our
		3.2	Sustainable Development
                                                                                                 place in the world and we’ve had time to consider the fragility of our
       Assessment Tool (SDAT)....................................... 15                          planet. On many levels it has become increasingly clear to me that
		       3.3      Stakeholder Engagement..................................... 16                 the climate emergency really is an urgent health emergency.

4. Leadership, partnerships and collaboration....................... 21                          I’m pleased to say that at Newcastle      However, it is possibly not as well        Continuing the status quo will
                                                                                                 Hospitals we had already taken a          known that:                                inevitably lead to us investing more
5. Key Action Areas................................................................. 25          strategic leadership position to tackle
                                                                                                                                           •A
                                                                                                                                             ir pollution is associated with
                                                                                                                                                                                      money and effort in dealing with the
                                                                                                 the impact we have on climate                                                        consequences – that’s money that we
                                                                                                                                            increases in respiratory and heart
		       5.1      Energy & Water.................................................... 26          breakdown, in recognition of the
                                                                                                 threat that the climate crisis presents
                                                                                                                                            disease.
                                                                                                                                                                                      can’t then spend on the causes of
                                                                                                                                                                                      climate change and prevention.
                                                                                                 not just to our planet, but to our        • It is the number one environmental
		5.2             Journeys............................................................... 30     health, wealth and wellbeing locally.        risk to human health in the UK.
                                                                                                                                                                                      What we’ve been able to understand
                                                                                                                                                                                      over the last year is that mitigating
                                                                                                 Most people will associate climate        • It is the fourth greatest long-term     climate breakdown and pollution will
		       5.3      Waste.................................................................... 34   change with rising global temperatures       threat to public health after cancer,   reap immediate benefits in terms of
                                                                                                 and an increase in the frequency of          heart disease and obesity.              our collective health, wealth and
		5.4             Procurement......................................................... 39        extreme weather events. You might
                                                                                                                                           • It is linked to around 40,000
                                                                                                                                                                                      wellbeing.
                                                                                                 recognise that the extreme
                                                                                                                                              premature deaths a year in the UK       With the NHS representing
                                                                                                 heatwaves we have increasingly seen
		       5.5      Models of Care..................................................... 42         in the UK cause excess deaths. In
                                                                                                                                              and a cost to the economy, and by       approximately 5% of the UK’s total
                                                                                                                                              extension the NHS, of over £20          carbon footprint – around 27 million
                                                                                                 fact, heat caused around 1,000
                                                                                                                                              billion each year.                      tonnes of carbon each year – we
		       5.6      Buildings and Land............................................... 45           excess deaths in the UK during the
                                                                                                                                                                                      have to acknowledge that we are a
                                                                                                 summer of 2019.                           These impacts increase the strain on
                                                                                                                                                                                      significant part of the problem. But
                                                                                                                                           our healthcare system, as they cause
		5.7             People.................................................................. 48                                                                                         more importantly, we also have to
                                                                                                 NHS Trusts can use                        people to need emergency care and
                                                                                                                                           inpatient admissions which are highly
                                                                                                                                                                                      recognise that we also can be a
6. Contact Details.................................................................... 52        our influence to                          carbon-intensive interventions.
                                                                                                                                                                                      significant part of the solution if we
                                                                                                                                                                                      choose to take action.
                                                                                                 decarbonise not just
7. References & Acronyms...................................................... 53                our buildings and
                                                                                                 vehicles but also our
                                                                                                 care pathways,
                                                                                                 medicines and our
                                                                                                 wider supply chain

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Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
Whilst the scope and scale of the challenge may
    be daunting, our early progress across Newcastle
    Hospitals tells me that it is possible, and only by
    working together both as one NHS and with our
    partners will we be able to meet the challenge

    As anchor institutions in communities    Our work on journeys has led to over
                                                                                      COVID-19
    across the country, NHS Trusts can       50% of staff commuting by active
    use our influence to decarbonise not     and sustainable means, we’ve             Both in our organisation and
    just our buildings and vehicles but      switched our fleet over to electric      across the NHS, we need to not
    also our care pathways, medicines        vehicles, installed EV charge points     go back to the ‘way things were’
    and our wider supply chain.              on site and have commissioned            as we recover from the COVID-19
                                             electric buses for staff, patients and   pandemic, and instead ‘build back
    Here at Newcastle Hospitals we have
                                             visitors to access our hospitals.        better’ – this is the only route to
    a well-established brand – SHINE
                                                                                      true sustainability. We’re working
    (Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle)    We continue to host the
                                                                                      hard with Dr Nick Watts and the
    which highlights the eight strands of    Environmentally Sustainable
                                                                                      Greener NHS Team to engage
    our approach and our roadmap is set      Anaesthesia Fellow, in association
                                                                                      other trusts and to raise awareness
    out in our Climate Emergency Strategy.   with the Association of Anaesthetists
                                                                                      of the practical steps they can take
                                             of Great Britain & Ireland and the
    This roadmap ranges from plans to                                                 quickly to begin to reverse the
                                             Centre for Sustainable Healthcare,
    decarbonise our hospital buildings                                                harmful effects of the NHS on our
                                             which has led to projects that have
    and transport, to working with our                                                planet.
                                             significantly reduced not just our own
    clinicians and supply chain to provide
                                             anaesthetic gas environmental impact     Most importantly for me, huge
    lower carbon care pathways, and also
                                             but that of anaesthetic departments      numbers of our people are
    the smaller things that each of us can
                                             across the NHS.                          engaged. They care about this
    do every day to make a difference.
                                                                                      agenda and are proactively taking
    Transparency is incredibly important                                              action. I’m grateful to our 300 staff
    as we progress towards the targets                                                green champions for the positive
    we’ve set, and they are set out in                                                impact they have had, and to the
    detail in this annual Shine Report so                                             1,000 staff who have signed up
    that we can be held to account.                                                   and undertaken over 15,000
                                                                                      sustainable actions in just six months
    We’re making great progress, with
                                                                                      through our Shine app. Sustainability
    some of the best recycling rates in
                                                                                      really is a part of our nature and
    the NHS – almost 50% of our non-         Dame Jackie Daniel                       what drives us to flourish.
    clinical waste; continued reductions     Chief Executive
    in our direct carbon emissions – 5%                                               Whilst the scope and scale of the
    in the last year despite increased                                                challenge may be daunting, our
    activity, and a further 23% reduction                                             early progress across Newcastle
    in the environmental damage caused                                                Hospitals tells me that it is
    by our use of anaesthetic gases.                                                  possible, and only by working
                                                                                      together both as one NHS and
                                                                                      with our partners will we be able
                                                                                      to meet the challenge.

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Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
2. Introduction
    The year since the publication of our last annual sustainability report has been
    one of the most difficult ever faced by the NHS. However, in spite of the huge
    challenges that have been experienced by staff they have continued to show
    support for the Trust’s sustainability work with over 99% rating it as important
    in our staff sustainability survey for 2020.

    The Expert Panel that was convened        In October 2020, shortly after the publication of the national net zero plan      The Strategy also includes our five     This year we have noticed an
                                                                                                                                                                                                               COVID-19
    to identify how soon, and by what         we launched our Climate Emergency Strategy for 2020-2025. It sets out our         year action plan which states, across   increase in requests from staff for
    means, the NHS could achieve net          vision in more detail and contained three long term goals:                        all eight Shine themes, what we plan    support and guidance to help them      The COVID-19 pandemic has
    zero continued to meet virtually in                                                                                         to achieve by 2025, how we will         implement their own sustainability     made this year a particularly
                                              1. Zero Carbon Care
    the spring and summer 2020. Our                                                                                             achieve it and how we will measure      improvements within their services     challenging one, and has certainly
    CEO Dame Jackie Daniel was a              • By 2030 the emissions we control will be net zero – our ‘Newcastle Hospitals   and report on progress (namely in       and departments. We plan to further    impacted on progress in all of the
    member of the panel and this work            Carbon Footprint’.                                                             these annual Shine reports).            increase the training, tools and       key action areas. As well as the
    culminated in the production and                                                                                            Supporting the strategy is a detailed   resources available in the coming      negative impacts such as the
                                              • By 2040 the emissions we can influence will be net zero – our ‘Newcastle
    publication of the ‘Delivering a Net                                                                                        Climate Emergency Action Plan           year, so we can empower and enable     increase in the amount of single-
                                                 Hospitals Carbon Footprint Plus’.
    Zero NHS’ report in October. This                                                                                           setting out how the key aims will be    staff to deliver Sustainable           use PPE and pressure on car
    ground-breaking report committed          2. Clean Air                                                                      achieved and sitting alongside is a     Healthcare in Newcastle (Shine).       parking infrastructure, there have
    the NHS to becoming the world’s                                                                                             suite of staff engagement tools and                                            been positive impacts for example
                                              • By 2030 our operational transport activities generate no harmful air                                                   All of this, as well as the progress
    first major health service to achieve                                                                                       resources including a Climate                                                  the rapid adoption of technological
                                                 pollution.                                                                                                             made towards the three goals and
    net zero for its own activities by 2040                                                                                     Emergency Action Fund,                                                         solutions to remote consultations
                                              • By 2040 our healthcare facilities are accessed by only zero emission travel.                                           the key action areas, is explored in
    and for those it can influence by                                                                                           Sustainability Ambassador training                                             and team meetings, and the zero
                                                                                                                                                                        this report where we detail what we
    2045. Following our Climate               3. Zero Waste                                                                     and a Shine Award for staff led                                                emission delivery of home patient
                                                                                                                                                                        have achieved in the last year and
    Emergency Declaration in 2019                                                                                               projects. We also launched our staff                                           medications.
                                              • By 2030 we will reuse and repair everything that can be reused and repaired.                                           what we plan to do in our next steps
    - where we publically recognised the                                                                                        engagement programme Shine
                                                                                                                                                                        towards zero carbon care, clean air    Where possible we have
    threat that climate breakdown poses       • By 2040 we will produce no waste. We will manage resources within the          Rewards this year, which is a bespoke
                                                                                                                                                                        and zero waste.                        quantified these impacts and
    to public health and committed to            circular economy, with items surplus to requirements becoming a resource in    app for our staff which recognises
                                                                                                                                                                                                               included them in our overall
    becoming carbon neutral by 2040              another part of the system.                                                    and rewards staff who engage in
                                                                                                                                                                                                               carbon footprint, and have
    – we worked with the expert panel                                                                                           energy saving, sustainable travel,
                                                                                                                                                                                                               included more detail in the key
    and consulted with staff on how we                                                                                          waste reduction and other
                                                                                                                                                                                                               action areas where relevant.
    could achieve this aim.                                                                                                     sustainable actions.
                                              We plan to further increase the training, tools and
                                              resources available in the coming year, so we can
                                              empower and enable staff to deliver Sustainable
                                              Healthcare in Newcastle (Shine)

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Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
Meat Free                      5% reduction                       500 suppliers
                                                                                            Mondays                       in direct carbon                   engaged on net
                                                                                                                             emissions                         zero carbon

       Planted          Saved 36,000             Introduced
                                                                 15000 actions          Sustainable                    Strategic roadmap to                   Committed to
     100 trees         patient journeys        2 pool eBikes    via Shine Rewards     Respiratory Care                 Net Zero estates                    Passivhaus design
                       through pharmacy                                                                                                                       & BREEAM
                            delivery
                                                                                      Group established
                                                                                                                                                             Outstanding
                                                                                                                                                             in new buildings

     Sustainability          23% reduction in           Climate Emergency            Recycled 47%            Launched Climate         99% staff said        Trained first cohort of
    embedded in HR          anaesthetic gas carbon       Strategy launched          of non-clinical waste   Emergency Action           sustainability is     9 Sustainability
     and recruitment              emissions                                                                 Fund to support staff        important            Ambassadors
                                                                                                                 led projects

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Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
3. Overall Performance
         Update                                                               Since committing to more ambitious carbon reduction targets in our Climate
                                                                              Emergency Strategy we have refreshed our approach to carbon reporting in
     This section covers our three current measures of overall performance;   line with Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHGP) and the BEIS Environmental
                                                                              Reporting Guidelines to increase our confidence in the data we report1. We
     our carbon footprint, Sustainable Development Assessment Tool score      have restated and recalculated our baseline year of 2019-/20 using this
     and our staff survey results.                                            methodology and this is shown in the table below alongside our carbon
                                                                              footprint for 2020/21.

     3.1 Carbon Footprint                                                                                                                                               Total tCO2e
                                                                              Category                                 Sub-category                                 2019/20     2020/21     % change
     We have adopted the definitions
     used in the ‘Delivering a Net Zero                                                                                Scope 1
     NHS’ report from NHS England and
                                                                                                                       Building energy – fossil fuels                54,858      53,901        -2
     NHS Improvement to produce a
     detailed breakdown of our own                                                                                     Refrigerant gases                              477         246         -48
     organisational carbon footprint,
                                                                                                                       Anaesthetic gases                             4,336       3,345        -23
     incorporating ‘Newcastle Hospitals
     Carbon Footprint’ and ‘Newcastle                                                                                  Trust fleet                                    112          42         -63
     Hospitals Carbon Footprint Plus’ for                                                                              Scope 2
     our baseline year of 2019/20 and for
                                                                              Newcastle Hospitals                      Building energy - purchased electricity2      4,933       4,924       -0.19
     2020/21.                                                                 carbon footprint
                                                                                                                       Scope 3
     Since committing                                                                                                  Water                                          441         454          3
     to more ambitious                                                                                                 Waste                                          105          99          -5
     carbon reduction                                                                                                  Inhalers                                      1,399        903         -35
     targets in our Climate                                                                                            Business travel                               1,278        724         -43
     Emergency Strategy                                                                                                Newcastle Hospitals carbon footprint total    67,939      64,638        -5
     we have refreshed                                                                                                 Medicines and chemicals                       87,971      94,239        7
     our approach to                                                                                                   Other supply chain                            55,793      78,293       40
     carbon reporting in
                                                                              Medicines, medical equipment and other
                                                                              supply chain                             Medical equipment                             57,615      52,123       -10
     line with Greenhouse                                                                                              Procurement total                            201,379     224,655       12
     Gas Protocol (GHGP)                                                                                               Staff commute                                 14,863      13,089       -12
     and the BEIS                                                             Personal travel                          Outside GHGP scope
     Environmental                                                                                                     Patient and visitor travel                    24,127      16,520       -32
     Reporting Guidelines                                                     Newcastle Hospitals Carbon Footprint Plus total                                       308,308     318,902        3
     to increase our                                                          Patient numbers                                                                       1,788,469   1,432,307     -20
     confidence in the                                                        Carbon intensity                                                                       0.172       0.223
     data we report                                                           Table 1: Breakdown of Total Newcastle Hospitals Carbon Footprint 2019/20 and 2020/21

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Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
NEWCASTLE HOSPITALS CARBON FOOTPRINT                                                                                                                                                                   THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON OUR CARBON FOOTPRINT
     • There has been a 5% decrease in                   70,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                            • In the last year we have undertaken
        emissions related to our                          60,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                               30% of outpatient appointments                Medical equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Building energy

        ‘Newcastle Hospitals Carbon                                                                                                                                                                            remotely (virtual/telephone).
        Footprint’, compared to 2019/20.                  50,000                                                                                                                                               This has been estimated to save                                      16%                            19%                        Refridgerant gases, 0.08%
                                                                                                                                                                                                               7 million patient journey miles
     • If we continue to reduce our carbon                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Anaesthetic gases, 1%
                                                          40,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                               and almost 2000 tonnes of carbon.
                                                  tCO2e

        footprint at this rate we will not meet                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Inhalers, 0.28%
                                                                                                                                                                                                               The challenge is to ensure that as
        our target to be net-zero carbon for              30,000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Newcastle Hospitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                               many of these interactions remain                                                       Carbon Footprint
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Business travel and fleet, 0.24%
        emissions that we control by 2030.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Water and waste, 0.17%
                                                          20,000                                                                                                                                               virtual where patient experience/
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   5%
     • Activities which have taken place to                                                                                                                                                                   clinical care is not negatively                                                                                                Patient and visitor travel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Personal Travel
        achieve this reduction are explored               10,000                                                                                                                                               impacted.                                 Other supply            Medicines, Medical
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            chain                 Equipment and
        in more detail in the sections that                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Other Supply Chain
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   4%              Staff commute
                                                               0                                                                                                                                            • In the absence of reliable data on                        25%
        follow, as well as some detail about                                               2019/20                                                2020/21
                                                                                                                                                                                                               the number of staff members
        the activity that is planned for next                       n Building Energy           n Waste                    n Anaesthetic Gases              n Business Travel
                                                                    n Refrigerant Gases         n Water                    n Inhalers                          & Fleet                                         working from home we have not
        year.
                                                  Fig 1: Newcastle Hospitals Carbon Footprint                                                                                                                  been able to include this impact in
                                                                                                                                                                                                               our carbon footprint calculations.
                                                                                                                                                                                                               As there were no closures of office                                                           30%
     NEWCASTLE HOSPITALS CARBON FOOTPRINT PLUS
                                                                                                                                                                                                               areas during the pandemic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Medicines and chemicals
     • When considering the ‘Newcastle                   350,000                                                                                                                0.25                          response any additional carbon
        Hospitals Carbon Footprint Plus’                                                                                                                                                                       footprint related to staff working
        there has been a 3% increase in                   300,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                               from home is unlikely to have been      Fig 3: Breakdown of Newcastle Hospitals Carbon Footprint Plus
                                                                                                                                                                                 0.20
        emissions compared to 2019/20.                                                                                                                                                                         offset in any significant way.
                                                          250,000
     • The largest proportion of our                                                                                                                                                                       • We have also been unable to             •W
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         e removed over 3,000 patient                       In the last year we
                                                                                                                                                                                        tCO2e per patient
        carbon footprint is still related to                                                                                                                                     0.15

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             have undertaken
                                                          200,000                                                                                                                                              quantify the number of hours of          journeys a month to hospital
                                                  tCO2e

        the products and services we                                                                                                                                                                           meetings held on virtual platforms.      dispensaries (approximately
        procure.                                          150,000
                                                                                                                                                                                 0.10                          As the staff transport that runs         100,000 patient & visitor miles a                    30% of outpatient
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             appointments remotely
          •D
            irectly associated with an                                                                                                                                                                        between our hospital sites has           month) by creating a pharmacy
           increase in spending, there has
                                                          100,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                               remained active throughout it is         delivery hub as part of the
           been an increase in our                         50,000
                                                                                                                                                                                 0.05                          unlikely that internal virtual           COVID-19 response. This saved                        (virtual/telephone). This
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             has been estimated to
           procurement carbon footprint                                                                                                                                                                        meetings would have had a                almost 252 tonnes of carbon over
           of 12%.                                                                                                                                                                                             significant impact on carbon             12 months by consolidating those
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             save 7 million patient
                                                               0                                                                                                                 0
                                                                                          2019/20                                          2020/21                                                             emissions, although it has been          journeys into more efficient routes,
          • This has greatly impacted on                           n Building Energy                n Refrigerant Gases                n Waste

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             journey miles and
                                                                                                                                                                                                               noted that the carbon footprint          and using low emissions vehicles.
                                                                    n Water                          n Anaesthetic Gases                n Inhalers
             our overall carbon footprint.                                                                                                                                                                     associated with rail and air travel      A zero emission e-bike courier was
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             almost 2000 tonnes
                                                                    n Travel                         n Procurement                          tCO2e per patient
                                                                                                                                                                                                               has decreased significantly this year    also introduced for deliveries within
                                                  Fig 2: Newcastle Hospitals Carbon Footprint Plus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             of carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                               due to the reduction in need for         5 miles of the hub.
                                                                                                                                                                                                               travel both internationally and
     • Calculating this element of our           • Building energy use is the largest                               • Waste and water represents a                                                                                                  •T
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         hese examples are explored in
                                                                                                                                                                                                               within the UK.
        ‘Newcastle Hospitals Carbon                  contribution to our ‘Newcastle                                      negligible proportion of our carbon                                                                                            more detail in section 5.2
        Footprint Plus’ is difficult and             Hospitals Carbon Footprint’ and as                                  footprint, however activity is still                                                                                           ‘Journeys’.
        therefore confidence in this data is         such is given a high priority of focus                              needed within these areas as both
        low. Improving confidence in this            for action within the Climate                                       present significant sustainability
        data is a major theme of work which          Emergency Strategy for 2020-2025.                                   challenges.
        you can read more about in the
                                                                                                                      • Further detailed analysis is
        ‘Procurement’ section of this report.
                                                                                                                         provided in the relevant sections.

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Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
3.2 Sustainable Development Assessment Tool (SDAT)
     CARBON BUDGETS                                                                                                                                    The Sustainable Development                                              Area of Focus                                    2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21                      % Change
                                                                                                                                                       Assessment Tool (SDAT), developed                                                                                          Score   Score   Score   Score                         this year
     As described in our Climate
                                                                                                                                                       by the Sustainable Development Unit                                                                                                                                             compared
     Emergency Strategy we have                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       to 2019/20
                                                     50000                                                                                             (SDU), helps healthcare organisations
     incorporated the principle of carbon
                                                                                                                                                       understand and measure their                                             Corporate Approach                                48%            57%        67%          69%               3%
     budgets into our plans, calculating a           45000
                                                                                                                                                       sustainable development progress
     limit on how much carbon dioxide                                                                                                                                                                                           Asset Management & Utilities                      26%            32%        46%          49%               3%
                                                     40000                                                                                             and plan for the future. We first
     we can emit over the next 20 years
                                                                                                                                                       completed the SDAT in 2017/18,                                           Travel & Logistics                                46%            64%        71%          72%               1%
     whilst remaining within safe limits.            35000
                                                                                                                                                       having previously completed the
     The Tyndall Centre for Climate                                                                                                                                                                                             Adaptation                                        42%            45%        59%          63%               4%
                                                     30000                                                                                             SDAT’s predecessor ‘Good
     Change Research uses the principles
                                                                                                                                                       Corporate Citizenship’ since 2013,                                       Capital Projects                                  38%            24%        45%          45%               0%
     of science and equity that are
                                             tCO2e

                                                     25000
                                                                                                                                                       and can now show where we are
     aligned with the commitments in the                                                                                                                                                                                        Green Space & Biodiversity                        23%            19%        25%          29%               4%
                                                                                                                                                       making progress, and which areas
     United Nations Paris Agreement to               20000
                                                                                                                                                       require us to focus more effort.                                         Sustainable Care Models                           15%            24%        29%          33%               4%
     set budgets at national and sub                 15000
     national levels, providing UK local                                                                                                               The SDAT was removed in February                                         Our People                                        66%            78%        82%          85%               3%
     authorities with recommendations                10000                                                                                             2021 and these are the final scores.                                     Sustainable Use of Resources                      31%            40%        42%          43%               1%
     that translate the “well below 2°C               5000
                                                                                                                                                       This year we are pleased to be able
     and pursuing 1.5°C” global                                                                                                                        to demonstrate improvement in all                                        Carbon / GHGs                                     50%            43%        57%          63%               6%
     temperature target.                                0                                                                                              but one of the areas of focus.                                           Overall Score                                     41%            46%        55%          58%               3%
                                                             2019
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     We have taken that methodology                                                                                                                    At the time of writing the Greener
     and applied it at an organisational                     n Carbon Budget for Energy   Tyndall Centre recommended route to energy decarbonisation
                                                                                                                                                       NHS team were reviewing resources                                        Table 2: Sustainable Development Assessment Tool scores
     level for Newcastle Hospitals,                                                                                                                    being provided as part of the                                            from 2017/18 to 2020/21
                                             Fig 4: Newcastle Hospitals Carbon Budget for Energy
     showing that to stay within our                                                                                                                   national campaign and it is not
     carbon budget we need to reduce                                                                                                                   certain whether a similar tool will be
     our building energy carbon emissions                                                                                                              developed to replace the SDAT.
     by 12.8% year on year, and this is at   To stay within our carbon budget we need to
     the heart of our carbon targets.        reduce our building energy carbon emissions                                                                                90

     Our progress on reducing building
     energy carbon emissions is discussed
                                             by 12.8% year on year                                                                                                      80

                                                                                                                                                                        70
     in more detail in section 5.1 ‘Energy
                                                                                                                                                                        60
     & Water’.

                                                                                                                                                       Percentage (%)
                                                                                                                                                                        50

     WHAT ABOUT CARBON OFFSETTING?                                                                                                                                      40

     Within our Climate Emergency            Aligned with Tyndall Centre                                possible, though we are in active                               30

     Strategy for 2020-2025 there is an      guidance, our short-term focus is to                       conversations with both national                                20
     aim to research and investigate         reduce emissions from both the                             (Greener NHS) and local (Newcastle’s
                                                                                                                                                                        10
     innovative carbon offsetting, or        Newcastle Hospitals Carbon                                 Net Zero Taskforce) colleagues to
     insetting, options for our residual     Footprint and Newcastle Hospitals                          discuss viable carbon sequestration                             0
                                                                                                                                                                                Corporate      Asset       Travel & Logistics    Adaptation   Capital Projects   Green Space &     Sustainable      Our People    Sustainable Use   Carbon / GHGs
     carbon emissions.                       Carbon Footprint Plus as much as                           and removal options as they emerge.                                     Approach    Management                                                            Biodiversity     Care Models                     of Resources
                                                                                                                                                                                             & Utilities
                                                                                                                                                                             n 2017/18                     n 2019/20                             Overall Score 2017/18              Overall Score 2019/20            Overall Target 2025
                                                                                                                                                                             n 2018/19                     n 2020/21                             Overall Score 2018/19              Overall Score 2020/21

                                                                                                                                                       Fig 5: Sustainable Development Assessment Tool scores for 2017-2021

14                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  15
Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS                                                                         This year despite huge
      The SDAT also shows how the Trust is supporting progress against the UN                               challenges faced by the
      Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – 17 sustainable development
      goals which aim to end poverty, protect the planet, and bring prosperity to
                                                                                                            NHS and Newcastle
      all by 2030.                                                                                          Hospitals 99% of staff
      Based on this year’s SDAT submission, the Trust is contributing to these                              believe it is either
      SDGs at a local level:
                                                                                                            ‘very’ or ‘fairly’
                                                                                                            important for us to
                                                                                                            work in a more
                                                                                                            sustainable way

      And the Trust is starting to contribute to these SDGs at a local level:

     3.3 Stakeholder Engagement
     STAFF SUSTAINABILITY SURVEY
     Each year we conduct a survey of our          100%

     staff to gain insight into their opinions      90%
     and understanding of sustainability at         80%
     Newcastle Hospitals. Up to now the             70%
     proportion of staff who are aware of
                                                    60%
     the sustainability work of the Trust
     has increased every year.                      50%

                                                    40%
     • This year despite huge challenges
        faced by the NHS and Newcastle              30%

        Hospitals 99% of staff believe it is        20%

        either ‘very’ or ‘fairly’ important for     10%
        us to work in a more sustainable way.        0%
                                                                   Very                Fairly            Not very   Not at all   Don’t know
     • We have maintained a level of 74%                 n 2016          n 2017   n 2018       n 2019   n 2020
        of staff being aware of the               Fig 6 : Staff survey results for the question ‘How important do you feel it is for
        sustainability work of the Trust.         the Trust to work in a more sustainable way?’ 2016-2020

16                                                                                                                                            17
Sustainable Healthcare in Newcastle (SHINE) Report
STAKEHOLDER MAPPING &
     ENGAGEMENT PLAN                                                        WHO                  HOW                                       WHO                     HOW
                                                                            • Inpatients         • Patient Services                        • Families              • Visual displays
     We have also started work to map                                       • Outpatients        • Surveys                                 • Parents/             • Posters                                                • Over the next 12 months we will
     the rest of our stakeholders and                                                            • Patient groups                             carers               • Signs                                                    add to this map and engage with
     have identified eight main groups,                                                          • Twitter                                                         • Twitter                                                   our stakeholders using a variety of
     as shown in the diagram.                                                                    • Facebook                                                        • Facebook                                                  methods to gather their views and
                                          WHO                                                    • Website                                                         • Website            WHO                                    opinions on our Climate Emergency
                                          • All staff                                                                                                                                   • Residents                            Strategy, the three goals and the
                                          • Trust Management                                                                                                                            • Past & future patients              eight Shine themes.
                                          • Green Champions                                                                                                                             • Local workplaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • We plan to develop a materiality
                                          • Sustainability Ambassadors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               matrix that will help us define
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               priority areas for action.
                                          HOW                                                                          nts            Visito                                            HOW
                                                                                                                    tie                     rs                                                                              • We will publish the results of the
                                          • Green News
                                          • Website and intranet                                                  Pa                                                                    • Twitter
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Facebook
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               stakeholder engagement in our
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               next annual report and will continue
                                          • Twitter                                                                                                                                     • Newcastle Hospitals website
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               to engage with our stakeholders on
                                          • Survey                                                                                                                                      • External signs & banners

                                                                                                                                                   co
                                                                                                                                                                                                                               the issues that matter to them.
                                          • Green Champion and

                                                                                                                                                     Lo unity
                                                                                                                                                     mm
                                                                                                  f
                                             Sustainability Ambassador
                                                                                              Staf

                                                                                                                                                       cal
                                             networks
                                                                                            i n s tit u

                                                                                                                                                              e
                                          WHO                                                                                                                                           WHO

                                                                                                                                                             hcar
                                                                                                L o c ions

                                          • Universities                                                                                                                                • Other Health & Care providers
                                          • Local authorities                                                                                                                           • ICS Sustainability Group
                                                                                                       al

                                                                                                                                                            a lt
                                                                                                        t

                                          • Third Sector bodies                                                                                                                         • Shelford Group

                                                                                                                                                            He
                                          • NEECCO                                                                                                                                      • NHS England & NHS Improvement
                                                                                                                                                        l                               • Healthcare Without Harm Global
                                                                                                             Su
                                                                                                                  pp                           i o na
                                                                                                                                            ss
                                          HOW                                                                          li e r
                                                                                                                                s   P ro f e d i e s                                    HOW
                                          • Net Zero Task Force
                                          • Newcastle Climate Commission
                                                                                                                                        bo                                              • Shelford Group Sustainability
                                                                                                                                                                                           Leads
                                          • NEECCO steering group                                                                                                                       • Training courses
                                                                                        WHO                                                WHO
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Greener NHS team
                                                                                        • Suppliers locally, nationally                   • Sustainability - IEMA
                                                                                                                                                                                        • Systems leadership group of
                                                                                           and internationally                             • Clinical - AAGBI & RCN etc.
                                                                                                                                                                                           NHS net zero expert panel
                                                                                        • Direct and via NHS supply                       • Estates - IHEEM, HEFMA etc.
                                                                                                                                                                                        • NPAG
                                                                                           chain

                                                                            HOW                                                            HOW
                                                                            • Supplier survey                                             • Corporate membership & training
                                                                            • Supplier webinars                                            • Sustainable Anaesthesia Fellowship
                                                                            • Supplies & Procurement Directorate                           • Events & consultation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fig 7: Stakeholder map

18                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    19
4. Leadership, partnerships
         and collaboration
     We have committed to achieving ambitious targets for not only the emissions we
     control, but those we have influence over (our Newcastle Hospitals Carbon Footprint
     Plus). To do this we are working with partners across sectors and our own hospital
     boundaries on Climate Emergency leadership, partnerships and collaboration.

     The following is a summary of what has been achieved in the last year:

     CITY SCALE
     •W
       e are working closely with civic        • We are an active member of           •C
                                                                                          reated Collaborative
      partners to deliver on plans for a           Newcastle City Council’s Net Zero     Newcastle (https://www.
      Net Zero Newcastle by 2030, fully            Task Force which has strategic        collaborativenewcastle.org/) to
      utilising our ability as an anchor           oversight of this work and have       improve the health, wealth and
      institution to lead on this transition.      collaborated on projects such as:     wellbeing of everyone in the city.
                                                   strategic heat networks; net          Through radical new ways of joint
                                                   zero-ready enabling works for the     working across some of the city’s
                                                   city electrical network; and COP26    largest organisations we have come
                                                   presence and wider community          together to reduce inequality and
                                                   engagement on climate action.         provide better opportunities for all.

20                                                                                                                               21
REGIONAL                                                                                                                           NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL
     • Leading our North East & North             • Formed a North East & North             • Regional baseline data for             • We established the Shelford
        Cumbria Integrated Care System                Cumbria ICS Sustainability Group           sustainability performance has            Sustainability Leads Group to share
        (NENC ICS) into region-wide action,           to share best practice on sustainable      been established and a NENC ICS           best practice and collaborate on
        utilising the scale of our regional           healthcare service delivery. The           wide strategy/Green Plan is in            projects with a national reach. The
        health economy to instigate                   group includes sustainability leads        development with Chief Executives         group is chaired by our Associate
        decarbonisation in areas like transport,      from each Trust, as well as engaged        of each provider Trust.                   Director - Sustainability, James
        energy, waste, procurement, food              clinicians from both primary and                                                     Dixon, and brings together the
                                                                                              • In order to explore future options
        and greening our estate.                      secondary care and wider system                                                      sustainability leads of all ten of the
                                                                                                 for transformational decarbonisation
                                                      partners including representatives                                                   leading teaching and research
                                                                                                 of heat we are working with our
                                                      from the North East Academic                                                         Trusts in the country (https://
                                                                                                 Local Economic Partnership, and
                                                      Health Science Network (AHSN),                                                       shelfordgroup.org/sustainability-
                                                                                                 other partners, as a member of the
                                                      North of England Commissioning                                                       leads-sub-group/).
                                                                                                 North East Energy Catalyst
                                                      Support (NECS) and NHS Supply
                                                                                                 Hydrogen Working Group.                • Our CEO, Dame Jackie Daniel, is
                                                      Chain.
                                                                                                                                           part of the NHS Net Zero Carbon
                                                                                                                                           Expert Panel bringing together
                                                                                                                                           system leaders from across the
                                                                                                                                           NHS to build, develop and share
                                                                                                                                           best practice for a net zero NHS.
                                                                                                                                        • Shared best practice, on Climate
                                                                                                                                           Leadership and Green Nephrology,
                                                                                                                                           with peers from across Europe at
                                                                                                                                           Health Care Without Harm’s virtual
                                                                                                                                           CleanMed 2020 conference.
                                                                                                                                        • Dame Jackie Daniel recorded a            • We were the first healthcare           • Shortlisted for an HSJ Award for
                                                                                                                                           video interview for Healthcare              organisation to sign up to the            ‘Delivering on our Climate
                                                                                                                                           Without Harm (a global NGO                  United Nations’ Race to Zero              Emergency Declaration’.
                                                                                                                                           focussing on working towards                campaign, as part of the health
                                                                                                                                           sustainable healthcare and a                sector cohort, joining almost 40
                                                                                                                                           healthier environment) discussing           peers across the world (https://
                                                                                                                                           steps that hospitals and health             unfccc.int/news/health-institutions-
                                                                                                                                           systems can take to address the             join-the-united-nations-race-to-
                                                                                                                                           climate emergency by decarbonising          zero-campaign).
                                                                                                                                           and advocating for change.

22                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  23
5. Key Action Areas
     This section explores the progress made in each of our Shine action areas which
     feed into our three Climate Emergency Strategy goals, and the plans for next year.

        Energy                Water                Waste                Buildings & Land
     Minimise energy          Minimise         Dispose of less,    Provide healthy, sustainable
     use and replace          water use       reuse and recycle       and biodiverse spaces
     fossil fuels with                              more
       zero carbon
     energy sources

            Journeys             Procurement              Care                  People
       Embed active, clean,       Work with our    Develop low carbon      Inspire, inform and
        low carbon travel        supply chain to     care pathways        empower our people
                                  decarbonise        adapted to our       to deliver sustainable
                                                    changing climate           healthcare

24                                                                                                 25
5.1 Energy & Water
     AIM                                        AIM                                                                                                                                                 Carbon emissions from                                                                                                  ACTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS FROM THIS YEAR
     Reduce carbon emissions from
     energy use, in line with science
                                                Minimise water use in our buildings:
                                                                                                                                                                                                    building energy use                                                                                                    •C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ompleted a strategic assessment       • Further development of our            • Input into government funded
     informed budgets, to be on track
                                                • Eliminate wasted water.
                                                                                                                                                                                                    have reduced by 966                                                                                                     of the Trust’s direct carbon               metering and monitoring systems,        City-scale heat Decarbonisation

                                                                                                                                                                                                    tCO2e in 2020/21
     for net zero by 2030:                      • Increase water efficiency.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                emissions, setting a roadmap to            collating and analysing energy use      Delivery Plan (CDDP2) to identify
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            net zero by 2040.                          to assess performance and identify      decarbonisation opportunities in
     • Use less energy.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               areas for improvement.                  the public estates and member of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           •D
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             eveloped carbon budgets for
     • Replace fossil fuels with low and                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      the city heat networks feasibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            energy-related carbon emissions,        • Strategic heat audit completed at
        zero carbon energy sources.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            group, assessing opportunities for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            setting an annual reduction                the Freeman Hospital, identifying
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               city-wide low carbon heat
     • Investigate options to offset, or                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   (without offsetting) of 12.8% each         opportunities to reduce heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               networks.
        inset, our residual carbon emissions.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               year, based on the science-                demand and optimise systems to
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            informed recommendations from              reduce carbon emissions and           •A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               ll Trust grid electricity supplies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            the Tyndall Centre for Climate             support the shift from fossil-fuel     consolidated into one, 100%
     PERFORMANCE                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Change Research.                           based heat to low carbon sources.      renewable procurement portfolio
     • Scope 1 and 2 carbon emissions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (continuing this commitment since
                                                                                  70,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           •F
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             reeman Hospital was one of 12         • Hydrogen study completed for the
        from building energy use have                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2016).
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            pilot hospital sites selected for the      RVI, part of region-wide
                                                Annual Carbon Emissions (tCO2e)

                                                                                  60,000
        reduced by 966 tCO2e in 2020/21.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    government-funded Modern                   decarbonisation strategic work,       •A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               utomatic loggers installed on
                                                                                  50,000
        Whilst this is progress in the right                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Energy Partners Programme (see             looking at the feasibility of          most water meters, enabling the
        direction, the Trust is not currently                                     40,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            case study). Additional heat and           transporting hydrogen via tankers      half-hourly consumption patterns
        operating within the annual carbon                                        30,000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    electricity meters have been               and/or piped infrastructure.           for over 90% of Trust water use to
        budgets for energy emissions                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        installed, providing insights into                                                be tracked and analysed on our
        which, in 2020/21, required a
                                                                                  20,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Further LED lighting roll out and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            how energy is used in public                                                      monitoring and targeting software.
        reduction of at least 7,653 tCO2e.                                        10,000                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               improvements to heating systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            sector buildings, helping to inform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       and building controls by Estates
                                                                                      0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     national policy on decarbonising
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Operations teams.
                                                                                           2019
                                                                                                  2020
                                                                                                         2021
                                                                                                                2022
                                                                                                                       2023
                                                                                                                              2024
                                                                                                                                     2025
                                                                                                                                            2026
                                                                                                                                                   2027
                                                                                                                                                          2028
                                                                                                                                                                 2029
                                                                                                                                                                        2030
                                                                                                                                                                               2031
                                                                                                                                                                                      2032
                                                                                                                                                                                             2033
                                                                                                                                                                                                    2034
                                                                                                                                                                                                           2035
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2036
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         2037
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                2038
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       2039
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2040
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     2041
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2042
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   2043
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2044
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 2045
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2046
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               2047
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2048
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2049
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2050
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            buildings. The project included a
                                                                                           n Scope 1              n Scope 2                           Carbon Budget                                                                                                                                                         concept design, identifying how         • European funding bid submitted
                                                Fig 8: Carbon emissions from building energy use from 2019 with carbon budget                                                                                                                                                                                               carbon emissions could be halved           with Newcastle City Council for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            by 2032 by improving energy                building level energy audits and a
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            efficiency and introducing heat            range of energy efficiency and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            pump technologies to replace               onsite renewable energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            fossil-fuel based systems.                 measures.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           •N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ew full time member of staff          • An electrical capacity review for
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            joined the team as Assistant               the RVI commenced, assessing the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Energy Manager to increase                 infrastructure investments required
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            energy management resourcing.              to support two new fully
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Energy Support Officers now                electrically heated and powered
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            dedicated to Building                      clinical buildings and to enable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Management System optimisation,            future electrification of heat in
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            also supporting additional energy          existing buildings.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            efficiency improvements.

26                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   27
PLANS FOR THE NEXT YEAR
     • Continue working collaboratively with city partners on joint
        decarbonisation projects such as low carbon district heating, electrical    CASE STUDY: Modern Energy Partners Programme
        infrastructure upgrades, and funding bids to accelerate energy efficiency   In early 2020 the Freeman Hospital was chosen as one of 13 NHS
        projects at scale and speed.                                                sites to take part in the Modern Energy Partners programme.
     • Commission audits and feasibility studies to identify short term and        Funded by the Department for Business, Energy & Industrial
        longer term infrastructure improvements to support rapid decarbonisation    Strategy (BEIS), this was a pilot innovation programme to
        of our buildings.                                                           demonstrate the potential for campus-style public sector estate
                                                                                    decarbonisation, with the underlying aim of demonstrating that
     • Secure additional funding to deliver further LED, BMS and other energy      it is possible to evolve a consistent, replicable and scalable
        efficiency and carbon reduction interventions identified via site audits.   approach for decarbonisation. There were two elements of the programme: firstly, installation
     • Further develop the data collection, analysis and reporting capability      of additional building-level energy metering and supporting telemetry to allow automatic data
        within the Trust to support ongoing performance improvements.               collection for monitoring and analysis, and secondly, the development of a concept design of
                                                                                    the most economic decarbonisation pathway to at least halve direct carbon emissions by 2030
     • Increase engagement with colleagues across Estates (and beyond) about       to set the site on a firm net-zero trajectory.
        Net Zero Carbon ambitions.
                                                                                    Improved metering:
     • Audit buildings to identify water saving opportunities.
                                                                                    Dedicated engineering teams were allocated to work with the Trust to identify and install the
     • Develop water monitoring procedures to ensure leaks are detected and        meters, strongly focussing on heat. As the Freeman hospital has a central energy centre, data
        resolved quickly.                                                           for the total heat delivered to site is good but there was little understanding of how much each
                                                                                    building used. All the meters have now been installed and half-hourly consumption data is
                                                                                    feeding into the energy management software. Overtime, this growing data set is going to
                                                                                    provide valuable base performance data that will help identify opportunities for energy
                                                                                    efficiency improvements and measure the energy impacts of decarbonisation projects and
                                                                                    any other changes to site operations. Having robust energy data available is a core foundation
                                                                                    stone of energy management best practice and will continue to deliver benefits to the Trust
                                                                                    over the coming years, as well as providing valuable insights to the project team.
                                                                                    Concept design:
                                                                                    A separate engineering team was assigned to work on the concept design for Freeman. Due to
                                                                                    Covid-19 restrictions, site surveys were off limits so much of the work had to be coordinated
                                                                                    remotely – sharing documents, live demos and meetings over Teams and lots of calls and emails
                                                                                    bringing in information from the engineering and building teams and the consultants developing
                                                                                    the design. The resulting concept design identified a range of interventions to reduce energy
                                                                                    use and the Trust’s dependency on fossil fuels to heat and power the site. Starting with ‘no
                                                                                    regret’ measures, like switching to low energy LED lighting and improving controls on our
                                                                                    heating and ventilation systems, 3,000 tCO2e per year potential saving are achievable. Further
                                                                                    phased heat and electricity measures, including staged retirement of gas-fired CHP plant,
                                                                                    installing solar photovoltaic panels, upgrading the fabric of our buildings and converting our
                                                                                    heat distribution to a lower temperature to ensure future compatibility with existing low and zero
                                                                                    technologies, such as heat pumps, offered further annual savings potential of 7,000 tCO2e.
                                                                                    The recommendations from the concept design are being taken forward, developing more
                                                                                    detailed feasibility assessments with the aim of incorporating these decarbonisation projects
                                                                                    into our capital investment programmes over the coming years.

28                                                                                                                                                                                       29
5.2 Journeys
     AIM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      MODAL SPLIT FOR STAFF COMMUTE
     Embed active, clean and low carbon          • Use our influence to help fast-track                                                                                                                                                      • The carbon footprint related to staff   • The modal split data shown in
     travel to improve air quality and              the decarbonisation of transport in                                                                                                                                                          commute has decreased by 12%.              figure 10 shows that the number of
     reduce carbon emissions from                   our supply chain.                                                                                                                                                                            We do not have reliable ‘work from         staff travelling to work using active
     journeys:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   home’ data to enable us to                 travel (such as cycling and walking)
                                                 • Increase the proportion of people
     • Reduce air pollution and carbon             accessing our sites by active and                                                                                                                                                            estimate any reduction in staff            has increased from 7% of staff to
        emissions from our owned and                sustainable travel methods.                                                                                                                                                                  commute during the COVID-19                27% this year.
        commissioned transport operations.                                                                                                                                                                                                       response, so it is possible that
                                                 • Provide more care closer to, or at,                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Encouraging to see active travel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 there could have been an even
                                                    home.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   uptake when challenges with public
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 greater reduction.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            transport (metro, bus, rail) could
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            have seen an increase in car use.
     PERFORMANCE                                          45,000
                                                                                                                                                                                   120                                                                                                   •T
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           he carbon footprint for travel
     • The carbon footprint for all travel               40,000                                                                                                                                                                                                                          included in the Newcastle Hospitals
        included in the Newcastle Hospitals
                                                          35,000                                                                                                                   100                                                                                                    Carbon Footprint boundary has
        Carbon Footprint Plus boundary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          reduced 45% from 2019/20.
        has decreased 25% from 2019/20.                   30,000
                                                                                                                                                                                    80
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         •T
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           his is largely due to a reduction

                                                                                                                                                                 Percentage (%)
     • This includes a 32% reduction in                  25,000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          in business travel due to the
                                                  tCO2e

        the carbon footprint from patient                                                                                                                                           60
                                                          20,000                                                                                                                                                                                                                          COVID-19 pandemic.
        and visitor travel due to a third of
        all outpatient appointments being                 15,000                                                                                                                    40

        held virtually this year – that’s over            10,000
        375,000 appointments,                                                                                                                                                       20

        approximately 7 million miles and                  5,000
                                                                                                                                                                                     0
        almost 2,000 tonnes of carbon.                        0                                                                                                                                             2019/20                                                2020/21
                                                                                   2019/20                                    2020/21                                                     n Car (petrol/diesel) n Car (hybrid) n Car full electric n Metro n Bus
     • There are 362 covered secure cycle                                                                                                                                                n Rail n Motorbike/moped n Active Travel
                                                                   n Trust Fleet       n Business Travel    n Staff Commute       n Patient and visitor travel
        parking spaces at our main sites,
        including individual lockers and         Fig 9: Carbon emissions for all travel in the ‘Newcastle Hospitals Carbon                                       Fig 10: Modal split for staff commute for 2019/20 and 2020/21
        cycle compounds.                         Footprint Plus’ boundary
                                                                                                                                                                                  1,600

     • There are 389 electric vehicles and      • 45% of staff surveyed are using an                     • We will monitor the growth of                                       1,400
        hybrid electric vehicles either             active or sustainable mode of                             these metrics in future reports.
        already on the road or on order             transport to travel to work.                                                                                                  1,200

        through the staff benefits scheme.                                                                                                                                        1,000

                                                 45% of staff surveyed are using
                                                                                                                                                                 tCO2e

                                                                                                                                                                                   800

                                                 an active or sustainable mode                                                                                                     600

                                                 of transport to travel to work                                                                                                    400

                                                                                                                                                                                   200

                                                                                                                                                                                     0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   2019/20                                           2020/21
                                                                                                                                                                                          n Trust Fleet n Business Travel

                                                                                                                                                                 Fig 11: Carbon emissions for all travel in the ‘Newcastle Hospitals Carbon
                                                                                                                                                                 Footprint’ boundary

30                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  31
CLEAN AIR HOSPITAL FRAMEWORK
                                                                                                                                                                                                    PLANS FOR THE NEXT YEAR
                                                                 80
     The Clean Air Hospital Framework is
                                                                                                                                                                                          Target    •E
                                                                                                                                                                                                      ngage with Newcastle
     a self-assessment tool developed by                         70
                                                                                                                                                                                                     University (Urban Observatory)
     Great Ormond Street Hospital and                            60
                                                                                                                                                                                                     and Northumbria University in a       CASE STUDY: Pharmacy Delivery Hub
     Global Action Plan, to help hospitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                     programme of outdoor and
                                                Percentage (%)

                                                                 50
     track progress and set ambitions on                                                                                                                                                                                                   Newcastle Hospitals response to the Covid-19 pandemic provided
                                                                 40                                                                                                                                  indoor air quality monitoring
     tackling air pollution in seven key                                                                                                                                                                                                   an opportunity to test and accelerate some carbon reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                     across our RVI and Freeman
     areas; travel, procurement & supply                         30
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           initiatives eliminating the need for many to travel to hospital.
                                                                                                                                                                                                     sites, as part of the Clean Air
     chain, construction, energy, local air                      20
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Initiative.                           One such initiative was an internally managed courier hub to provide
     quality, communication & training
                                                                 10
     and hospital outreach & leadership.                                                                                                                                                                                                   a centralised, efficient method of quickly transporting healthcare
                                                                  0                                                                                                                                                                        equipment and pharmaceuticals to and from patients at home. The
     We have committed to becoming a
                                                                           Travel

                                                                                       Procurement

                                                                                                        Design &
                                                                                                     Construction

                                                                                                                    Energy Generation

                                                                                                                                        Local Air Quality

                                                                                                                                                            Communication
                                                                                                                                                                & Training

                                                                                                                                                                             Outreach &
                                                                                                                                                                             Leadership

                                                                                                                                                                                          Overall
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           hub was established at the Freeman Hospital in October 2020 and
     Clean Air Hospital – rated Excellent                                                                                                                                                                                                  is now typically distributing over 300 items per day using a range of
                                                                                                                                                                                                    •T
                                                                                                                                                                                                      ravel and transport information
     on the Clean Air Hospital Framework                                                                                                                                                                                                   vehicle types, including electric cargo bikes for short-range, local
                                                                                                                                                                                                     for patients and visitors is being
     by 2025, reaching an overall score of                                                                                                                                                                                                 distribution, saving over 3000 patient journeys per month.
                                                                      n 2019/20 n 2020/21                                                                                                            rationalised and re-designed
     70%.
                                                                                                                                                                                                     with patients in mind to prioritise   We used ZMOVE, a local low carbon courier, for home deliveries
     • We have increased our score very        Fig 12: Clean Air Hospitals Framework scores from 2019/20 – 2020/21
                                                                                                                                                                                                     active and sustainable travel.        within 5 miles of the courier hub. Two large electric cargo bikes are
        slightly from 15% in our baseline                                                                                                                                                                                                  used to make up to 70 deliveries per day.
                                                                                                                                                                                                    •C
                                                                                                                                                                                                      ontinue development of a web
        year to 16% in 2020/21.                           ACTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS FROM THIS YEAR                                                                                                    based parking system which will       ZMOVE plan deliveries using routing software
     • There has been some progress in                   • We continued to electrify our fleet of vehicles and any new vehicles are                                                                collect data on vehicle               that engages Google bike routing algorithm to
        the themes of ‘local air quality’ and                required to be either hybrid or fully electric.                                                                                         emissions, and will allow             maximise delivery efficiency and minimise cost.
        ‘design & construction’ related to                                                                                                                                                           individual targeted travel            Each bike performs deliveries over routes up to
        air quality monitoring and                        • Exceeded target for 10% of Trust fleet to be EV, and set new target for                                                                 planning for staff.                   40 miles in length.
        management of demolition &                           90% by the end of 2021/2022.
                                                                                                                                                                                                    •E
                                                                                                                                                                                                      mbed positive changes from          The routing map from a typical two-bike service
        construction sites.                               • The Business Lease Car Scheme encourages staff to apply for a new                                                                       virtual and remote consultations      day is shown in the picture to the right.
     • We will be working with key                          electric or hybrid vehicle for business journeys, rather than using their                                                               where beneficial to patients.
        stakeholders this year to make                       own car. Pool cars can be leased through the scheme as well.                                                                                                                  Some of the benefits of this approach include
                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Improve take up of bike to work     significant environmental gains when compared
        progress towards our target this                  • The staff benefits scheme has continued to make electric vehicles a                                                                       and public transport passes in      to the use of a standard courier vehicle, with
        year.                                                realistic and popular option for staff by making them available at                                                                        COVID recovery.                     approximated savings of 549 kg of CO2e
                                                             competitive rates.
                                                                                                                                                                                                    •E
                                                                                                                                                                                                      nsure ‘no idling’ is included in    equivalent and 1195 g NOx emissions over the
                                                          • Two clinical teams have commenced trials of electric bikes for travelling                                                               Trust parking policies.               period; excellent patient experience offered by
                                                             between sites and in the community.                                                                                                                                           pre-delivery text notifications to patients giving
                                                                                                                                                                                                    •W
                                                                                                                                                                                                      ork in partnership with Global      an accurate arrival time and enabling live
                                                          • We have invested in new EV charging points at all of our main locations.                                                                Action Plan to develop the first      tracking of the delivery bike; community safety
                                                          • We worked in partnership with Newcastle City Council to improve the                                                                     region wide ICS Clean Air             improvements through the use of small, low
                                                             dedicated cycling infrastructure along Queen Victoria Road accessing our                                                                Hospital Framework.                   speed vehicles with riders able to easily interact
                                                             RVI site and have increased the number of secure cycle parking spaces.                                                                                                        with residents during transit.
                                                          • A staff survey was carried out to find out how staff travel to work at the                                                                                                    Audrey MacNaughton, spokesperson for Salters Bridge low traffic
                                                             moment and what we can do to encourage more active and sustainable                                                                                                            neighbourhood said “Residents are delighted to see Newcastle
                                                             travel.                                                                                                                                                                       Hospitals using bikes extensively in our neighbourhood – they
                                                          • Courier Hub established as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic has                                                                                                            demonstrate that Salters Bridge can be a fast link for safe
                                                             reduced emissions associated with home patient medicine delivery.                                                                                                             commercial traffic and the bikes present much less risk to residents
                                                             ZMOVE bicycle couriers are supporting local zero emission deliveries (see                                                                                                     than larger vehicles (including electric cars and vans).”
                                                             case study).                                                                                                                                                                  Over 80% of the patients surveyed about the delivery hub were
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           either satisfied or very satisfied with the service.
32                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 33
5.3 Waste
     AIM
                                                                                                                                                                          ACTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS FROM THIS YEAR                                        PLANS FOR THE NEXT YEAR
     Generate less waste; reuse and           100%                                                                                                        5300
                                                                                                                                                                          •M
                                                                                                                                                                            aintained continuity of business operations despite service and industry    •T
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ender for a clinical waste
     recycle more, and ensure
                                                                                                                                                                           challenges.                                                                    contract to provide more
     unavoidable waste is disposed of          90%      20%                  20%                                                                          5200
                                                                  23%                 23%                  26%      27%                                                                                                                                   certainty and ensure the Climate
     in the most sustainable way.                                                                28%                          28%
                                                                                                                                                 35%      5100            • Implemented a new auditing process aimed at ensuring we maintain
                                               80%                                                                                                                                                                                                        Emergency commitments are
                                                                                                                                                                             strong waste segregation routines and waste hierarchy movement.
     • Reduce the amount of waste we          70%
                                                                                                                                                          5000                                                                                            embedded into the contract.
        create by working and purchasing                                                                                                                                  • Introduced new waste training videos for staff.
                                                                                                                                                          4900                                                                                           •R
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           e-introduce an improved
        in more resource-efficient ways.       60%      41%                  41%
                                                                  38%                 38%
                                                                                                                                                          4800
                                                                                                                                                                          •D
                                                                                                                                                                            eveloped a new cannulation pack for Oncology to reduce waste,                furniture re-use scheme.
                                                                                                 36%

                                                                                                                                                                 Tonnes
     • Increase the number of items we        50%                                                         50%                                                             standardise practice and improve IV related infection rates.
                                                                                                                              54%                                                                                                                        •R
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           un a recycling project in
        reuse with a focus on reducing                                                                              59%                                   4700
                                               40%
                                                                                                                                                 45%
                                                                                                                                                                          •A
                                                                                                                                                                            voided waste by making the decision to use reusable lab coats in new,        collaboration with Nutricia.
        single-use plastics.                                                                                                                              4600
                                                                                                                                                                           large regional COVID testing lab.
                                               30%                                                                                                                                                                                                       • Improve signage around drinking
     • Repair or reuse more items that                                                                                                                   4500
                                                                                                                                                                          • Installed food waste de-waterer in the RVI catering department; this food      fountains to encourage the use
        can be repaired or reused.             20%      39%       39%        39%      39%
                                                                                                 36%                                                      4400               waste is then sent to an anaerobic digester to produce biogas for grid,        of reusable bottles instead of
     • Increase the amount of waste that      10%
                                                                                                           24%
                                                                                                                                                 20%
                                                                                                                                                                             and slurry for local farmland.                                                 opting for single-use plastic.
                                                                                                                              18%                         4300
                                                                                                                    15%
        we reuse or recycle to 35% of
                                                                                                                                                                          • Implemented better segregation of estates waste at the RVI.                 •C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           ontinue to work collaboratively
        consigned waste by volume.               0                                                                                                        4200
                                                     2013/14   2014/15     2015/16   2016/17   2017/18   2018/19   2019/20   2020/21              2020                                                                                                    as part of the ‘Towards plastic-
                                                                                                                                                 Target
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          free healthcare in Europe’
     PERFORMANCE                                     n Reuse & Recycling       n Energy from Waste       n Hazardous Waste             Tonnage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          project.
     • Despite challenges we have been       Fig 13: Segregation of clinical and non-clinical waste since 2013/14,                                                                                                                                      • Introduce MR64 initiative aimed
        able to consign 56% of healthcare     with the 2020 target                                                                                                                                                                                          at segregation and recycling of
        waste as non-infectious, meaning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            single use metal surgical
        we have maintained hazardous
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            instruments.
        waste below our 2020 target levels.
     • 28% of total waste generated was
                                              Despite challenges we have been                                                                                                                                                                            • Introduce PVC recycling for
        recycled or reused, or 47% of         able to consign 44% of healthcare                                                                                                                                                                             surgical masks at the RVI (aiming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            to repeat the success of PVC
        non-healthcare waste.
                                              waste as non-infectious, meaning                                                                                                                                                                              recycling at Freeman Hospital).
     • The challenges faced during the
        COVID-19 response are explored
                                              we have maintained hazardous
        in more detail on page 38.            waste below our 2020 target levels

34                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35
CASE STUDY: New Waste Audit Process
     Waste audits are a legal requirement of the Trust, and are carried out with                         CASE STUDY: Reusable Vacuette Transport Boxes
     a department manager. We identified opportunities to improve the
     departmental waste audit process that would enable the waste audits to                              The Blood Sciences Department at Freeman Hospital provides a haematology,
     not only meet the minimum legal requirements, but also provide greater                              biochemistry, transfusion and immunology diagnostic and monitoring service
     assurance of compliance and improve environmental outcomes through                                  both within the Freeman Hospital and for a large number of GP practices
     increased staff understanding and responsibility.                                                   locally. The department processes approximately eleven to twelve thousand
                                                                                                         request per day and operates 24/7. Before the implementation of this project
     The Waste Manager attended almost every clinical directorate’s band 7s meeting to explain the       each sample was sent to the laboratory in an individual plastic bag which was
     proposed changes to the waste audit process, and get input from ward managers as key                discarded as soon as the specimen was opened.
     stakeholders.
                                                                                                         Joanne Hall – Deputy Operations Manager, introduced reusable transport
     The format of the waste audit is relatively straightforward and takes about an hour depending       boxes after finding out that the Trust was ordering over one million plastic
     on the size of the ward/department. When the audit is scheduled, the area to be audited is sent     specimen bags each year. Having seen a similar solution in use Joanne
     the checklist we use to assess compliance.                                                          succeeded in securing funding for a pilot with a GP practice, and the
     Audit format:                                                                                       Phlebotomists at Freeman Hospital. A survey of the staff involved indicated that
                                                                                                         the boxes were well received and there were no issues raised during the pilot.
     • Opening 5 minute conversation with the department manager (how are staff trained, waste
                                                                                                         Joanne was then also successful with an application to the Trust’s Climate
        awareness, do you know where to access information, what can we do to help, etc.).
                                                                                                         Emergency Action Fund to expand the trial to include more GPs and
     • Ward walk, where we access as many rooms and look inside as many bins as is safely possible.     departments, and to develop a reusable insert to be used to transport urgent
                                                                                                         specimens around the internal pneumatic system.
     • Informal staff conversations. We try to speak with up to 3 members of staff as we move around
        the department to assess individual understanding of waste classification.
     • Whilst on the department we assess the appropriate use of and condition of the bins and
        other receptacles in use and the requirement for fresh magnetic communication on bin lids.
     Departments are scored and rated as Pass or Fail. Areas failing an audit will be provided with a
     list of actions which if followed would result in a pass within 3 months. Wards that do not pass
     then go through a ward improvement program, with support from the waste management team
     to train staff, update communications and ensure that the correct processes and procedures are
     followed.
     The first department we audited in 2020 unfortunately did not pass the audit. However, after we
     worked with them they were re-audited and passed. The matron said, “I think the audit
     provided the focus we required to improve waste management and increase awareness so that
     it became the responsibility of all. Although we failed we were given very clear feedback and
     resources to improve were provided.”
     The aim of the audit is not about finger-pointing or only looking for examples of bad practice
     but about enabling us to maintain our usually very high standards, ensuring a consistent approach
     across all services and directorates. We are aiming to move waste up the waste hierarchy at
     every opportunity to achieve our targets in the Climate Emergency Strategy 2020-25.
     The new audit process has allowed for a more open dialogue around sisters/department leads’
     understanding of waste management, and created an environment where staff can ask any
     questions they have. As sisters/department leads are responsible for the patient environment
     they manage this includes waste management. They are the go-to person for their staff if they
     are unsure of how to manage waste so it is important that they have the correct information, or
     know where to find information to answer these queries.

36                                                                                                                                                                                          37
5.4 Procurement
                                                                                                                                   AIM                                                                                                          Provisions         Staff clothing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Patients clothing and footwear
                                                                                                                                   Embed sustainability and support                                  Recreational equipment
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Transportation
                                                                                                                                   for climate emergency action in to
                                                                                                                                   all purchasing decisions, working                Bedding, linen and textiles                          Staff & patient
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           consulting
                                                                                                                                   towards a net zero carbon supply                      Hardware crockery
                                                                                                                                                                                     Furniture and fittings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            services
                                                                                                                                   chain:                                        Gardening and farming
                                                                                                                                                                                 Purchased healthcare             Office equipment
                                                                                                                                   •C
                                                                                                                                     onsume less.
                                                                                                                                   •E
                                                                                                                                     mbed carbon reduction into our
                                                                                                                                    procurement processes.
     THE MANAGEMENT OF NEWCASTLE HOSPITALS’ WASTE DURING THE PANDEMIC                                                              • Establish positive relationships with
     There have been significant               • Installation of waste segregation       • Installation of waste segregation      key suppliers.                                                                  Building and
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Pharmaceutical, blood product
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              and medical gases
     challenges in the management                systems for the Nightingale                 systems, including new waste          •E
                                                                                                                                     ngage in research and innovation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  engineering products

     of waste during the COVID-19                Hospital in Sunderland.                     streams and recycling systems,         in order to reduce impact across
     pandemic, both in the immediate                                                         in the new laboratory areas at the     whole value chain.
                                               • Support for the vaccine trials taking
     weeks and months of the response                                                        Integrated COVID Hub North East.
                                                  place from May 2020 onwards.                                                     • Improve confidence in our supply             Hotel services
     and longer term.                                                                                                                                                         equipment materials
                                                                                           • Support for the vaccine roll-out        chain carbon data.
                                               • Ensuring segregation of waste and
     SOME OF THE CHALLENGES:                                                                  across the region from
                                                  a return to ‘normal’ as soon as                                                  • Invest more in our local supply           Laboratory equipment
                                                                                              Middlesbrough and Darlington                                                               and services
     • Increased service demand across all      possible after the first wave in June.                                              chain.                                                                          Chemicals
                                                                                              to Penrith as well as support for                                                                                      and reagents
       sites, including community clinics.        This single measure was key to                                                                                                    Diagnostic imaging
                                                                                              ongoing projects such as the         • Increase the amount of sustainable,             and radiotherapy                                 Patient
       Waste volumes also increased in            achieving a much better percentage                                                                                                                                                 appliances
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Medical
                                                                                              creation of temporary cataract          local, healthy food available to                                                                                       and Surgical                    1.8% of total
       areas not usually associated with          of waste classified as non-infectious                                                                                                                                                                       Equipment                      from actual data
                                                                                              theatres and the new Northern           staff, patients and visitors.                                                                                                                    Dressings
       the delivery of healthcare activity        throughout the remainder of the
                                                                                              Centre for Cancer Care in Cumbria.
       i.e. through increased use of face         year, along with ensuring delivery                                               PERFORMANCE
       masks and other PPE - presenting           of non-infectious healthcare waste                                                                                          Fig 14: The proportional carbon emissions from procurement by category of
       a considerable logistical challenge.       bags to areas where patient                                                      •F
                                                                                                                                     or the year 2020/2021 we are            spend, showing the proportion coming from actual data
                                                  infection rates were low.                                                         basing 1.8% of the total carbon
                                                                                                                                    footprint for procurement on actual
                                                                                                                                    data related to anaesthetic gases
      HEADLINE FACTS AND FIGURES:                                                                                                   and inhalers.
      • Waste volumes for 2020/21                                                                                                 •T
                                                                                                                                     he rest is based on assumptions          ACTIONS AND ACHIEVEMENTS FROM THIS YEAR
         decreased by 5% in comparison                                                                                              and average carbon factors for             •S
                                                                                                                                                                                 ustainable Procurement Working Group established.
         to the previous year but infectious                                                                                        procurement categories.
         waste volumes increased by 33%.                                                                                                                                       •S
                                                                                                                                                                                 urvey sent to all Trust suppliers with 500 responses received.
                                                                                                                                   • We aim to increase confidence in
         There was a 200% increase in                                                                                                                                          •9
                                                                                                                                                                                 8% of suppliers who responded to our survey support our commitment
                                                                                                                                      the data we report related to
         infectious waste volumes                                                                                                                                               to the Climate Emergency and 60% are interested in further engagement
                                                                                                                                      procurement of supplies and
         nationally.                                                                                                                                                            with us.
                                                                                                                                      services, by increasing the
      • Hazardous healthcare waste                                                                                                   percentage of our ‘procurement’          •B
                                                                                                                                                                                 egun process to implement Silver Food For Life standard.
         volumes remained below 50%                                                                                                   carbon footprint that is based on
         of the total healthcare waste                                                                                                actual data rather than                  • ‘Sustainable food for all’ is now one of the three strands of the five-year
         generated.                                                                                                                   assumptions.                               Food and Drink Strategy.

      •T
        he percentage of non-healthcare
       waste recycled increased from 43%
       to 47% this year.

38                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              39
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