Safety matters - the importance of Psychological Safety
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safety
matters
Making the Difference in Safety
05
The Importance of
Psychological Safety
Permit No: MCI (P) 140/03/2019
issue 3 / 2019
12 21 25 26
Chemical Health Work Injury Report on WSH Report on Asia-Pacific
Risk Assessment Compensation Symposium OHS Training Convention
MESSAGE
President’s
Message
02 President’s Message Message Bernard Soh
President, SISO
bernardsoh@siso.org.sg
Features
Dear SISO Members and readers of Safety Matters,
03 SISO Career Progression
Pathway
05 Why Employees Don’t Speak Up
O nce again, I am pleased to highlight and share with you some of the key activities that SISO has
conducted thus far in 2019.
for Safety — The Importance of Almost immediately following the Annual General Meeting on 22 March 2019, SISO’s new Safety Interest
Psychological Safety Group organised their first activity on 29 March 2019, which is the “Risk Management of Work-at-
12 Chemical Health Risk Heights Activities Related to Building Facades Workshop”. Ably led by Mr. James Tay and a core group
Assessment of interested SISO members, the Safety Interest Group invited two subject-matter experts to talk about
21 Work Injury Compensation “Horizontal Lifeline Principles and Safety Features of Building Maintenance” and “Hoisting and Lowering
(Ministry of Manpower) Solutions, Rescue Options and Temporary Lifelines” at the Workshop.
28 17th SISO WSHO Conference Following the Workshop, SISO organised the Total Workplace Safety and Health Convention 2019 at the
2019 Devan Nair Institute of Employment and Employability on 9 April 2019. With a theme of “Making the
Difference Through Total Workplace Safety and Health”, this Convention attracted about 250 delegates
and had strong support from the Ministry of Manpower, the Workplace Safety and Health Council, the
Interview National Trades Union Council, the Singapore Human Resources Institute, and AIA Singapore.
14 Interview with Sunny Tan On 18 April 2019, as part of SISO’s outreach programme, we participated in the SMRT’s Safety and
Security Day 2019 at the SCRS Clubhouse. With a theme of “Make Every Moment Safe and Secure”, more
Reports than 3,000 SMRT staff and associates attended the event. SISO provided a representative, Mr. Steven
Tan, to conduct a talk on Work-at-Height at the event, as well as took up an exhibition space to showcase
22 MSOSH National Seminar 2019 SISO’s programmes and activities.
23 Members Appreciation Night During the months of April to June 2019, SISO helped organise the judging for the WSHO Award 2019,
2019
which was held as part of the annual WSH Awards 2019. We are thrilled that the panel of judges selected
24 Dialogue with the one of SISO’s members – Mr. James Tay – as the eventual winner of the WSHO Award 2019. Mr. James
Commissioner for Workplace Tay received the WSHO Award 2019 at the WSH Awards Dinner held on 30 July at Resort World
Safety and Health, Ministry Sentosa.
of Manpower
25 Report on WSH Symposium On 12 July 2019, SISO Academy organised an event at the Devan Nair Institute of Employment and
Employability entitled “Staying Relevant in New Business Models – What Does This Mean for The
26 Report on Asia-Pacific OHS
Training Convention Workplace Safety and Health Professionals”. The objective of the event is to launch and introduce the
latest developments of the Career Progression Pathway (CPP) project.
Membership We organised the annual SISO Members Appreciation Night which was held at Royal Palm Ballroom at
The Central (Clarke Quay) on 19 July 2019. More than 180 SISO members attended the event which
27
Welcome New Members was extra special because we had the honour of conferring the title of Honorary Member of SISO as well
as a memento to Er. Ho Siong Hin. The conferment of the title and the memento was to thank Er. Ho for
his unstinting support of SISO since 1994, both during his term as the Commissioner of Workplace Safety
Advertisers and Health as well as when he was SISO’s first Ex-Officio.
04 Nitti (Asia) Pte Ltd OFFICE BEARERS
2018 – 2020
06 SafetyFit Pte Ltd
President Mohd Ridzwan Bin Mohammad Hon. Mentor
08 Bullard Asia Pacific Pte Ltd Bernard Soh Hong Kuan mohdridzwan@siso.org.sg Andrew H S Tan, PBM
09 Singapore University of bernardsoh@siso.org.sg andrew@siso.org.sg
Ong Pak Shoon
Social Sciences Vice President pakshoon@siso.org.sg Hon. President
10 UVEX Safety Singapore Pte Ltd Niranjan Arun Masurekar Seet Choh San
Tan Yen Ping
11 Management Development niri@siso.org.sg yenping@siso.org.sg seet@siso.org.sg
Institute of Singapore Hon. Secretary Ex-Officio
Co-Opted Members
16 University of Newcastle Darajit Daud Chow Choy Wah Winston Yew
darajit@siso.org.sg Sam Ng Director,
17 QSS Safety Products (S) Pte Ltd
Hon. Asst. Kenneth Seah Industry Development,
18 Honeywell Safety & Secretary Sunny Tan Workplace Safety &
Productivity Products Seah Liang Bing Health Council
Jason E Tee
19 Kee Safety Singapore Pte. Ltd liangbing@siso.org.sg SISO Advisor Hon. Legal Advisor
20 Messe Dusselfdorf Asia Pte Ltd Hon. Treasurer Ng Chee Meng Lee Kwok Weng
Roger Lim Boon Chiow Minister in the Prime Minister’s Editorial Committee
roger@siso.org.sg Office & Secretary-General, Ong Pak Shoon
Committee Members NTUC Anurupa Sarkar
SISO
Michelle Lam Mei San Hon. Member Kent Chai
Mailing Address:
Blk 167 Jalan Bukit Merah #02-13, michellelam@siso.org.sg Er Ho Siong Hin Chow Choy Wah
Connection One, Tower 5, Ministry of Manpower Alan Koo
Eric Law Wei Kwang Quek Chin Tuan
Singapore 150167
ericlaw@siso.org.sg Kenneth Seah
Office Tel: 6777 5185 Jason E Tee
Fax: 6777 6896
Email: info@siso.org.sg SAFETY MATTERS is a quarterly publication of the Singapore Institution of Safety Officers and copyright of the materials
Website: www.siso.org.sg contained in this publication belongs to SISO. Nothing in here shall be reproduced in whole or in part without prior written
Opening Hours: 9am – 6pm permission from the Editor. Views expressed here are not necessarily those of SISO and no liabilities shall be attached
(Monday – Friday) thereto. All rights reserved.
feature
SISO Career Progression Pathway
Michelle Lam Mei San
Executive Committee Member, SISO
Michellelam@siso.org.sg
A s Workplace Safety and Health (WSH)
professionals, we need to catch up
with the changes around us, if not we
will be phased out. To support WSH
professionals, SISO has developed the These four pillars are Ethics and This certification also outlines the various
SISO Career Progression Pathway (CPP). Professional practices, Attributes, Skills qualities of what employers should look
and Knowledge. However, we found that for when hiring WSH professionals for
There were two key factors that prompted these fundamental requirements are not their organisational needs.
the development of the CPP. Firstly, many entirely sufficient. This prompted us to
Workplace Safety and Health Officers move forward and develop the CPP. CPP is a 5-level competency certification
(WSHOs) may be thinking about the that allows individuals to continue their
future of their career after being on the CPP is a programme to provide WSH learning journey based on the self-
job for a couple of years. Some may also be professionals a valid, transparent evaluation tool that SISO has developed.
considering how to take their career to the and reliable certification system that
next level. recognises their education, knowledge, The three main literacy pillars in the CPP
and professional expertise. framework are technology literacy, human
At the same time, we have employers and data literacy and social literacy. Why
and HR practitioners approaching SISO The programme provides a validation and are these three main literacies important?
to request for WSHOs that are able to recognition process of Skills Framework It is because in the coming Industry 4.0,
fit into their organisations. They need for WSH profession in terms of more data analytics and big data will be
SISO’s support to help them identify the qualifications and competency. involved in the work processes. WSH
right fit. In an earlier response to these professionals will need to work with data
enquiries and requests, SISO brainstormed Individuals who embark on the CPP would to support operational decisions to ensure
and developed its professional standard. have to undergo recertification every two safety and health risks are minimised.
The SISO professional standard, which years to maintain their credentials. This is As WSH professionals, we need to move
was launched in 2016 by Minister Chan to ensure a high level of safety expertise faster and be ready to build on our
Chun Sing, consists of the essential among our WSH professionals. expertise, education, skills and knowledge
requirements that WSH professionals for the desired career path.
must meet.
SISO’s Executive Committee attended the 200 delegates. We used this platform to - In his capacity as the Commissioner
first official dialogue meeting with the new introduce the CPP Self-Evaluation Tool. for Workplace Safety and Health, Mr.
Commissioner for Workplace Safety and The next major event in SISO’s calendar Silas Sng will be conducting his first “In
Health, Mr. Silas Sng, and his team, on 31 of events will be the 17th SISO WSHO Conversation with Commissioner for
July 2019. My colleagues in the Executive Conference, which will be held on 24 Workplace Safety and Health” dialogue
Committee and I came away from the October 2019 at the Marina Bay Sands session;
meeting energised and reassured that as long Convention Centre. This year’s conference
as we continue to work hard, stay focused will be especially significant because of the - The Ministry of Manpower will be sharing
on our Vision and Mission, and consistently following: details of the latest changes in the Work
speak as a united association representing Injury Compensation Act.
WSH professionals, SISO will continue to - Mrs Josephine Teo, Minister for
have the strong support of the Ministry of Manpower, has kindly agreed to grace In conclusion, I look forward to receiving
Manpower and the Workplace Safety and the event as the Guest-of-Honour. For members’ feedback on SISO’s programmes
Health Council. the first time in its 17-year history, we and activities.
will have the honour of welcoming the
The third edition of our Asia Pacific Minister for Manpower as our Guest-of- Thank you.
Occupational Health and Safety Training Honour for the Conference;
Convention was held on 30 August 2019 at
the Fullerton Hotel. With Mr Ng Chee Meng, - The event will be the platform for Bernard Soh
Secretary-General of the National Trades the launch of SkillsFuture Singapore’s SISO President
Union Congress as our Guest-of-Honour, Workplace Safety and Health Skills
the event was attended by more than Framework;
Safety Matters 03
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feature
Why Employees Don’t Speak Up
for Safety — The Importance of
Psychological Safety
Soon Boon Chew
Principal Consultant, CultureLab
bcsoon@culturelab.asia
A s the monthly safety committee
meeting is about to conclude, the
General Manager (GM), who is also the
committee chairman, scans around the
table and asks, “Any issues or suggestions
to highlight?” A dead silence prevails. “All
right, that’s the end of the meeting. Thank
you, everyone.”
Rahul, the maintenance manager, leaves
the meeting with a heavy heart. Recently,
the GM initiated a “Trim & Lean” initiative felt unable to raise a concern with their If you compare ISO 45001 with other
which would reduce his maintenance bosses, even though they believed the management systems (e.g. ISO 9001, ISO
budget by 30%, among other cuts. The issue was important.1 14001 and ISO 27001), you find that while
GM is optimistic that this project will all these systems require a communication
cut unnecessary waste. Rahul disagrees The Importance of Speaking Up process to be put in place, ISO 45001
with the initiative, as it would affect the Speaking up is not just an activity that is the only one which explicitly states
integrity of the equipment, which could is nice to have; it is essential to prevent the need for “workers’ participation.” It
result in safety and quality issues. But he potential accidents. Numerous studies recognises that the input of employees is
decides to keep quiet, because he does not have revealed that a high rate of reporting mission-critical for a robust OHS system.
want to appear negative and unsupportive. incidents correlates strongly with lower In detecting safety risk, employees are
fatality rates.2,3,4 Accidents seldom occur the eyes and ears of the organisation.
Chin, the operation technician, has a out of the blue. There are often signals Every time they withhold information, the
suggestion to highlight. Together with that precede the accident; for example, organisation misses out on a chance to
another colleague, he needs to access the faulty tools not being replaced, or prevent a potential accident.
rooftop of the server room to service a employees ignoring procedure or simply
panel every week. Currently, they use a box-ticking checklists. Capturing such Conditions for Employees to Speak Up
fireman ladder for the work, which is quite signals allows these issues to be addressed However, simply educating and reminding
heavy. If the panel could be relocated to before they escalate. employees that they have a responsibility
the ground level, they could complete to speak up is NOT a good strategy.
their task in a safer and more productive Consider the Deepwater Horizon oil
manner. But Chin isn’t sure how the GM rig explosion in 2011, which killed 11 Knowing and doing are two different
will perceive this suggestion. What if the workers and caused the world’s largest things. Almost every employee knows they
GM chides him for raising a silly idea? To marine oil spill. After the accident, a survey have to speak up when they see something
avoid any potential embarrassment, Chin found that many workers on the rig were unsafe; but how many times do they
remains silent. concerned about safety in the weeks actually do it? For employees to speak up,
before the explosion.5 In the survey, they two conditions must exist. Responsibility
highlighted that the maintenance plan rests on the leaders of the organisation to
Have you ever had the same experience, create these conditions:
feeling that you could not speak up was not carried out properly and that they
at work? Such experiences are more “often saw unsafe behaviours on the rig.”
commonplace than not. In a study However, the workers did not report such 1. Platforms to capture input
investigating employee experiences problems to the management because 2. Presence of psychological safety
with speaking up, 85% of respondents they “feared reprisals”.
reported at least one occasion when they continued on page 7
Safety Matters 05
feature
continued from page 5
Why Employees Don’t One problem with low psychological
safety is that you cannot tell if someone is
humans, and we make the other person
feel safe to switch from self-protection to
Speak Up for Safety — holding back. Silence from the employees contribution mode.
may mean they have no further input; or
The Importance of it could also mean they have reservations However, showing humility is difficult
Psychological Safety about that new initiative, but decided to for many people, because the human
lay low. You can’t know what lies behind mind is hardwired to be overconfident.8
the silence. This can lead you to assume We tend to overestimate our abilities
that all is well until an accident happens and judgment. We want to be seen as
Examples of platforms to capture down the road. decisive and knowledgeable, even in the
input include: meetings with employee absence of objective evidence. We are also
participation, near-miss reporting How to Create Psychological Safety susceptible to Fundamental Attribution
schemes, and dialogue sessions. These Alfred Sloan, the late CEO of General Error—when mistakes happen, we tend to
platforms are standard features for Motors, is one of the greatest managers of overemphasize the internal characteristics
organisations that implement an OHS his time. He once interrupted a committee of the employee (e.g. he is careless and
management system. They are also meeting with a question: “Gentlemen, I lazy) and underestimate the external
mandated by law for certain types of take it we are all in complete agreement situations (e.g. he lacks the right tool). This
workplaces. For example, the WSH on the decision here?”7 All the committee leads to knee-jerk blaming, and a climate in
Committees Regulations require factories members nodded. “Then,” Sloan said, “I which others don’t feel safe to speak up.
with more than 50 persons to have safety propose we postpone further discussion of Building psychological safety takes
committee meetings; and the safety this matter until our next meeting to give time and effort, but is indispensable in
committee must comprise at least 50% ourselves time to develop disagreement the journey towards safety excellence.
employee representatives. Such platforms and perhaps gain some understanding of Establishing high psychological safety
provide avenues for employees to provide what this decision is about.” leads to a learning organisation, which is
their input. But having such platforms is the flowerbed for innovative solutions and
not enough, as evident in the Deepwater swift detection of safety gaps.
Horizon accident. Psychological safety also Sloan was aware that making the right
needs to be present. decision demands different perspectives
and adequate disagreements. He put in References
place the process to encourage his people
Psychological safety is a belief that to speak their minds. In his meetings, 1 Milliken, F., E. W. Morrison, & P. F.
one will not be punished or humiliated raising opposing views was not only Hewlin. (2003). An Exploratory
for speaking up with ideas, questions, Study of Employee Silence: Issues
welcomed, but expected. Leaders can learn
concerns, or mistakes. In her book “The that Employees Don’t Communicate
from Sloan by putting similar processes in Upward and Why. Journal of
Fearless Organization”,6 Amy Edmonson place. Management Studies. 40(6): 1453–
explains that “In psychologically safe
1476.
environments, people believe that if they
make a mistake or ask for help, others will While implementing a process is 2 Barnett, A., & A. Wang. (2000).
not react badly. Instead, candor is both crucial, the linchpin of establishing high Passenger mortality risk estimates
allowed and expected. Psychological safety psychological safety is for leaders to provide perspectives about flight
demonstrate humility. After all, who wants safety. Flight Safety Digest, 19(4):
exists when people feel their workplace is
to raise ideas when the superior appears 1–12.
an environment where they can speak up,
offer ideas, and ask questions without fear to think that he/she knows everything? 3 Saloniemi, A., & H. Oksanen. (1998).
of being punished or embarrassed.” Accidents and fatal accidents—Some
Humility is the recognition that one does paradoxes. Safety Science, 29(1):
59–66.
As social creatures, we care about how not have all the answers, and that others
others view us. We want to look smart have perspectives that are worth listening 4 Størkersen, K. V., S. Antonsen, & T.
to. Sloan could have easily imposed his Kongsvik. (2016). One size fits all?
and competent in front of our colleagues
views on the committee members, but Safety management regulation of ship
and bosses. Nobody goes to work wanting accidents and personal injuries. Journal
to look otherwise. To maintain a good he demonstrated humility by postponing
of Risk Research, 20(7): 1154–1172.
impression, we perform quick mental the meeting. Other behaviours that
calculations of how others judge our demonstrate humility are to: 5 Kollewe, J. (2010 Jul 22). Deepwater
Horizon workers ‘concerned about
behaviours. We do this both consciously
safety before explosion’. The Guardian.
and unconsciously. If the chances of • Acknowledge that a new plan has much https://www.theguardian.com/
looking bad are high, we enter self- room for improvement business/2010/jul/22/deepwater-
protection mode. To avoid looking silly, • Share that you have your blind spots horizon-workers-concerned-safety
we don’t give suggestions. To avoid being about safety risks
6 Edmondson, A. C. (2019). The Fearless
blamed, we don’t report mistakes. To avoid • Recognise that the technicians know
Organization, 1st edition. Wiley
being labelled as a trouble-maker, we the bolts and nuts of their work better Publishing.
follow the majority. than you do
• Admit that you may miss out on 7 Drucker, P. F. (2006). The Effective
something when making a decision Executive: The Definitive Guide
When psychological safety is low, the first to Getting the Right Things Done.
thing on people’s minds is not contribution, • Apologise for an oversight
HarperBusiness.
but self-protection. Self-protection always
8 Tali, S. (2012). The Optimism Bias: Why
results in silence, because nobody will be These behaviours are expressions of
we’re wired to look on the bright side.
blamed or criticised for keeping quiet. As vulnerability. When we say such things, Robinson Publishing.
the saying goes, “better safe than sorry.” we acknowledge that we are imperfect
Safety Matters 07
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Chemical Health Risk Assessment
Qualitative Risk Assessment
Based on the COP on WSH Risk Management issued by WSH
Council, risk is determined by assessing the respective Severity
and Likelihood of occurrence i.e. Risk is a function of Severity
(potential consequence) and Likelihood (probability).
After identifying the harmful chemical involved in a particular
activity, the first step is to assess the Severity Rating using the
guide given in the COP:
Chow Choy Wah Level Severity Description of harmful
CIH, RIH (SG) health effects
ExCo Member (co-opted)
5 Catastrophic Death or fatal diseases
chowchoywah@siso.org.sg
4 Major Life threatening occupational
diseases (includes occupational
cancers, acute poisoning, disabilities)
3 Moderate Ill heath requiring medical treatment (in-
cludes burns, dermatitis)
T he WSH (Risk Management) Regulations requires employer,
principal and the self-employed to conduct risk assessment to
identify and determine not only safety risks but also health risks at
2 Minor Ill health requiring first aid only (includes
irritation or ill health
condition with discomfort)
1 Negligible Negligible ill health
their workplace.
Chemicals and chemical compounds are widely used and handled Notice that the degree of Severity is based on the potential
in workplaces. Workers may come across chemicals in many forms consequence if one is exposed to that particular hazard. I would
on their jobs. These chemicals include raw materials, products or like to suggest that other influencing factors listed below should
by-products, catalysts, cleaning agents, solvents and waste. There also be taken into consideration:
is a great variety of chemicals out there and each of them is unique
in term of hazardous properties e.g. flammability, reactivity, 1. physical form e.g. gaseous, liquid or solid state
corrosivity, incompatibility and toxicity. For these reasons, they 2. acute and chronic toxicities may have different harmful effects
can be a safety hazard or a health hazard or both. Take n-Hexane 3. concentrations of the solution may have different
vapour for example. It is flammable if it is present in the right aggressiveness
proportion in ambient air. Inhalation of low concentration of 4. presence of hazardous components or impurities.
n-Hexane vapour over time can cause peripheral neuropathy
and impairment to the central nervous system. It can also cause Take Nitrogen for example. It is commonly used in liquid and
irritation to the eyes. gaseous state in the industry. When it is applied as a gas freeing
medium, I would rate it as a `5’ even if it is inert in nature. It is a
physical asphyxiant and is known to cause death in confined space
when it displaces life sustaining oxygen in the atmosphere. When
it is used in smaller amount as a freezing medium in laboratory, I
would rate it as a `3’ as it can cause cold burns.
Owing to the corrosive nature of acids and alkalis, the severity
rating of these substances is based on their acute rather than
chronic toxic effects. In general, strong acids like Nitric acid
or Hydrochloric acid are more hazardous than weak acids like
Acetic acid or Carbonic acid. Likewise, strong alkalis such as
Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide are more harmful
than weaker alkalis like Ammonium Hydroxide or Methylamine.
However, exposure to Hydrofluoric acid can be life threatening
even though it is for some reasons, listed as a weak acid in some
online publications. I would therefore rate it as a `4’ rather than a
Both the Ministry of Manpower and Workplace Safety and Health `3’. If person is splashed with concentrated Hydrofluoric acid, the
Council have issued guidelines and code of practice to help WSH substance can enter the body and mop up the calcium in the blood
professionals assess WSH risks, particularly those related to and cause the heart to stop. This potentially fatal condition is
harmful chemicals. I would like to take this opportunity to share known as Hypocalcaemia. On the other hand, if it is used in much
with our readers three applicable methods recommended by diluted form, I would rate it as a `3’ instead of a `5’.
the authorities for assessing health risk relating to exposure to
harmful chemicals, namely (1) Qualitative (2) Quantitative and (3) Some chemicals have multiple harmful effects. Take Gasoline for
Semi Quantitative Method. example. Most SDS indicate that it can cause irritation to the eye,
irritation to upper respiratory tract irritation and impairment of
central nervous system. Based on worst case scenario, I would
rate it as a `4’ rather than a `2’.
12 Safety Mattersfeature
When it comes to assessing sensitizers, I would accord higher Risk Risk Suggested advice may include
Severity Rating to cardio and respiratory sensitizer than skin Level Acceptability
sensitizer. While skin sensitizer like Picric acid can cause Low Acceptable • Additional risk control measures may not be
dermatitis, respiratory sensitizer like Toluene Iso-Cyanate can needed
cause life threatening occupational asthma. I would therefore rate • Review and monitoring of the hazard have to be
carried out to ensure that the risk level does not
Picric acid as a `3’ and Toluene Iso-Cyanate as a ‘4’. increase over time
Medium Tolerable • The hazard has to be carefully evaluated to
Most commercially available chemical products contain more than ensure that the risk level is ALARP within a
one components. When it comes to assessing Severity Rating of defined time period
the compound, I would assess the most hazardous component • Implement interim risk controls only if longer
term measures are being planned and established
especially if it is presented in significant proportion.
The next step is to assess the Likelihood Rating using the guide High Not • The unacceptable risk has to be reduced to at
acceptable least Medium Risk before work starts
given in the COP:
• Interim risk control measures like PPE should
not be implemented as ultimate and permanent
solution
Level Likelihood Description
• If practicable, eliminate the hazard before work
1 Rare Not expected to occur but still possible starts
2 Remote Not likely to occur under normal circumstances • Conduct management review before work starts
3 Occasional Possible or known to occur
4 Frequent Common occurrence Employer, principal and self-employed are legally required to
5 Almost certain Continual or repeating experience.
remove the hazard or reduce the risk if the RPN is higher than 15.
Based on the concept of Hierarchy of Control, elimination is the
best option. Otherwise the hazard has to be managed by bringing
Notice the degree of likelihood depends very much on the down the risk to a level, that is considered as low as reasonably
probability of occurrence which is usually inferred from practicable.
operational experience. Other influencing factors should be
considered as well. For e.g. Even though the risk at Tolerable level is considered as ALARP,
we should always look out for opportunities to further reduce the
a. likelihood of the chemical to becoming and staying air borne risk level by recommending additional risk controls or enhancing
b. Scale and frequency of use the quality of the existing risk control by upstreaming our existing
c. Route of entry e.g. inhalation, absorption or ingestion risk controls to a higher level of effectiveness as illustrated by the
d. Quantity of existing risk controls concept of Hierarchy of Controls.
e. Quality and Effectiveness of exiting risk controls
Risk Control Suggested solutions may include: Effectiveness
For example, I would rate a much higher Likelihood Rating if I
Elimination Stop using the chemical Most
observe that there is no risk control measures even if there is no
occurrence from track record. Conversely, I would rate a lower Substitution Replace with a safer chemical ^
rating if I observe there is a good mix of existing engineering Engineering Installation of LEV, enclosure,
^
controls and the control measures are well maintained at the controls Robotic
shop. Administrative Safe Work Procedure e.g. FTW ^
controls screening, medical surveillance,
Training ^
Once the respective Severity Rating and Likelihood Rating have
Personal Provision of Safety Googles, impervi- ^
been assessed, the Risk Prioritisation Number (RPN) can now be protection ous gloves, rubber boots, respirators,
calculated using the formula : RPN = Severity Rating x Likelihood chemical suit ^
Rating. Using the 5x5 Risk Matrix below, we can now assign the
^
Risk Level as Low (in the green zone), Medium (in the yellow zone)
and red (in the red zone). ^
Least
Likelihood Rare Remote Occasional Frequent Almost
(1) (2) (3) (4) certain (5)
Severity Notice this particular risk assessment approach is rather
Catastrophic (5) 5 10 15 20 25 subjective and the least objective of the three assessment
methods. Unlike Quantitative Risk Assessment, Risk is
Major (4) 4 8 12 16 20
characterised by judgment rather than measurement of exposure
Moderate (3) 3 6 9 12 15 at the ground. Determination of Risk is more an art than a science.
Minor (2) 2 4 6 8 10 Nevertheless, this qualitative approach is perhaps most applicable
Negligible (1) 1 2 3 4 5
if you lack resources to carry out exposure measurement. I shall
share the two other methods in the next Issue.
With the Risk Level of each of the harmful chemical determined,
the following recommendations can now be proposed to our
employer or client for attention and action:
References
1. Code of Practice on Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Risk Management issued by WSH Council
2. The TLVs and BEIs hand book issue by ACGIH
Safety Matters 13INTERVIEW
Interview with Sunny Tan
(a co-opted member of the SISO Executive Committee 2018 - 2020)
Could you tell us more about yourself? C&W Services deal with various types of
I started my career with the Republic of
Singapore Air Force (RSAF) back in 1988.
Safety is always first; all activities are to be
business; Facility Management, Project
& Development Services, Building
Engineering Solution, Energy Procurement
carried out safely regardless on ground or Consulting and Township Management.
in the air. This culture moulded me to put One of my main roles is to provide an Sunny Tan
everyone working around me safe. agreed, compliant and accredited system sunny.tan@cwservices.com
that integrates & optimises the cross HSSE
Shortly after leaving the RSAF, I joined a & Quality resources, processes & system.
newly start-up aviation company dealing
with aviation fuel as a depot manager and We also manage the ISO certifications
assisted in setting up the ISO Management for the organisation which include ISO Supervisor/Manager. It took us a while to
System. The big break came for me when 9001, ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001 & ISO have all relevant personnel trained and
the new Workplace Safety & Health (WSH) 22301 and evaluate any new certification understanding of the requirements.
Act came along. I volunteered to map requirement that are relevant for the
out the new legislation requirements for organisation including any legislation The other big challenge is communication.
the organisation to identify the gaps and changes. We have to ensure that all information is
findings. The process helped to elevate make known to every staff members. We
the firm to the next level through training, As part of the people management started to look at how technology could
competency and compliance. responsibilities and coaching to the HSSE help. Everyone owns a smart phone, and
& Quality team, one of the new initiatives everyone has a data plan. We developed a
Subsequently, I enrolled for the WSQ that we have executed was the Career mobile apps, which eventually bagged the
Specialist Diploma in WSH (Level C) in Progression Pathway (CPP) for the Safety 2018 Excellence in Environment Health
2008 and the WSQ Graduate Certificate Professionals. and Safety Award at IFMA. The mobile
in WSH (Level D) in 2009. The new apps “Safety on the Go” pushes important
knowledge which I acquired made me What are the challenges you have at work reminders about Workplace Health &
realised that my level of understanding and how do you overcome them? Safety procedures/information to the
in WSH was not sufficient. I went on to Executing the Safety protocols at all the site staff and allows the sharing of best
pursue the Bachelor of Environmental sites that we manage. C&W Services health and safety practices amongst site
and Occupational Health and Safety manage more than 1800 buildings in technicians.
Programme with University of Newcastle Singapore and with the limited Safety
at PSB Academy. I graduated in 2012 resources, a more robust system must be What motivates you to do your best?
with a much-strengthened foundation. implemented to ensure that the safety For us, the key to building a safety culture,
I continued to pursue new knowledge protocols are well executed. A series of is driving knowledge, ownership and
as the industry evolved, completing the requirements was put in place to ensure accountability for safety, health and
WSQ Specialist Diploma in Occupational compliance. All site staff members and well-being among all our employees and
Hygiene and WSH Leadership Programme contractors need to be safety-inducted suppliers. I get recharged and am full of
in 2016. Recently I just completed prior to starting any activities. Each must energy when I walks the ground with
my certification in Institute of Asset be issued with a site induction card. senior management around the sites
Management (IAM) Certificate course All technicians are trained at Work at and staff members taking ownership
which has further sharpened my skills in Height and Site-in Charge is trained in and accountability of the activities that
Facility Management and Safety. Risk Management and Work at Height they own.
I’m happily married with three kids; my boy
is currently serving National Service while
both my daughters are still studying. My
wife is a full-time home-maker and I enjoy
spending time with my family.
What are your job duties?
I’m currently heading the HSSE & Quality
Department in C&W Services Singapore
which is an extended arm of Cushman
& Wakefield. My team of 22 comprises
to direct and indirect reporting staff
members overseeing the workplace safety
and health matters within the various
business units in Singapore.
14 Safety MattersINTERVIEW
“Get to meet with others in volunteers working behind the scenes. I do What advice would you give for new
know that I can do more as a committee WSH Officers?
the larger circle that the WSH member and understanding the running Do not be limited by what you have in
industry has created. Talk to of the organisation and giving back to the your current environment. Create value,
people outside your workplace, organisation that have helped me in the be bold but humble in selling ideas and
growth of my career. creating opportunities.
attend seminars & workshops to
always keep yourself abreast on Kudos to the past and current committee Get to meet with others in the larger circle
what is happening.." members for keeping the flag flying for the that the WSH industry has created. Talk
past 40 over years. to people outside your workplace, attend
seminars & workshops to always keep
How has life changed after getting your yourself abreast on what is happening.
What are the things you enjoy doing?
I enjoy spending time with my family by WSHO registration?
doing things together, watching movies As a safety professional, we should not
at home and having meals together. As an be limited by the WSHO registration.
individual, I enjoy gardening and tending to The registration is needed as part of
my plants. the framework indicating that we have
attained the required competency. To
deliver as a safety professional, we need
What are you most excited about when to be objective and not subjective on the
doing safety related projects? matters we handle.
Engaging personnel at different levels,
understanding them and getting a good
feedback session about their safety What are your core values?
awareness and behaviour towards safety. Fairness & Completeness.
I am always amazed with the sharing of
ideas and how they contribute to make the Handle all issues with fairness regardless
project successful. Always full of energy of position. Everyone should be given
and ready to go. the opportunity to voice their concerns
or their opinions. Listen to them and
What do you hope to contribute as SISO understand them.
Co-opted Committee member?
After nine years as a professional member Completeness to me is that all necessary
attending workshops, seminars and information and decisions are made known
training classes, I felt an urge to contribute and transparent to all.
more to the organisation that is run by
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Safety Matters 21
featureREPORTS
MSOSH
National Seminar 2019
Darajit Daud
SISO Hon. Secretary
darajit@siso.org.sg
T he Malaysian Society for Occupational Safety and Health
(MSOSH) held its Annual National Seminar at Hotel
Istana, Kuala Lumpur on 6th-7th August 2019, attended
by nearly 200 delegates. The theme of the seminar was,
‘The OSH Professional: Leading in OSH Management and
Profession’. SISO was once again invited to participate and
have presented on the topic of ‘From OSH Practitioner to
OSH Professional: SISO’s Experience and Implementation in
Singapore’. Mr Darajit Daud, SISO’s Honorary Secretary, who
presented at the seminar, took the opportunity to share on
our development of the on-line Self-Evaluation Tool and the
Career Progression Pathway for WSH Professionals.
Among the other foreign speakers were Mr Bernie Doyle,
Secretary General of Asia Pacific Occupational and
Health Organisation (APOSHO) who presented on ‘OSH
Mr Darajit Daud, with MSOSH Committee Members, Ms Norwani Ahmat
Professional Development: APOSHO’s Perspective’ and (Organising Chair) and Mr Fakhrul Anwar
Dr. Vincent Ho, President of IOSH, who spoke on
‘Strengthening OSH Professional Competencies from
IOSH’s Perspective’. There were 13 other local speakers over
the two days who spoke on competencies and development
programmes in the Construction, Industrial Hygiene,
Ergonomics, Confined Space and Occupational Health
segments in Malaysia. The seminar ended with a lucky draw
with the top three prizes being a Personal Mobility Device, a
40-inch television set and a window unit air-conditioner.
Mr Darajit Daud, SISO’s Honorary Secretary, with some of the seminar delegates.
22 Safety MattersREPORTS
Members Appreciation Night 2019
Quek Chin Tuan
Executive Manager, SISO
executivemanager@siso.org.sg
M ore than 180 SISO members enjoyed themselves at the
annual SISO Members Appreciation Night 2019 which
was held at Royal Palm Ballroom at The Central (Clarke Quay)
on 19 July 2019.
In his welcome address, Mr. Eric Law, Chairman of the Members
Appreciation Night 2019 Organising Committee urged everyone
to relax, take time out to recharge and enjoy the party
as “One SISO”, which set the tone for the fun-filled evening.
This year’s Members Appreciation Night was extra special
because we had the honour of conferring the title of Honorary
Member of SISO as well as a memento to Er. Ho Siong Hin to
thank him for his unstinting support of SISO since 1994, both
during his term as the Commissioner of Workplace Safety and
Health as well as when he was SISO’s first Ex-Officio. Er. Ho was
very pleased to accept the title of Honorary Member. For the
record, Er. Ho is SISO’s first and only Honorary Member.
In addition, on behalf of INSHPO, Mr. Sam Ng, Executive
Committee Member and Secretary-Treasurer of INSHPO,
presented Mr. Seet Choh San, Honorary President of SISO,
with a “thank you” gift from INSHPO. The gift signifies INSHPO’s
sincere appreciation of Mr. Seet’s valuable contributions to
INSHPO.
Besides the sumptuous dinner, the evening’s event included
tokens of appreciation presented to members who have just
joined SISO in 2019, as well as members who have been with
SISO for durations ranging from five to 25 years. The members
enjoyed tremendously the various party games as well as the
ever-popular lucky draw of great prizes. With three resounding
cheers from everyone, the evening ended with everyone already
looking forward to Members Appreciation Night 2020!
Safety Matters 23REPORTS
Dialogue with the
Commissioner for Workplace
Safety and Health, Ministry
of Manpower
SISO Executive Committee had their very first
dialogue session with the new Commissioner
for Workplace Safety and Health, Mr. Silas Sng, and his
Quek Chin Tuan
Executive Manager, SISO
team, on the afternoon of 31 July 2019, at the Ministry of executivemanager@siso.org.sg
Manpower Services Centre in Bendemeer Road.
The two-hour candid session covered a wide range of
on the potential changes that may surface in the area of
topics and underlined the continued good relationship
Workplace Safety and Health.
between SISO and the Ministry of Manpower as well as
the Workplace Safety & Health Council. The session also
allowed both the Commissioner and the members of the After the session, the Executive Committee reflected
Executive Committee to be better acquainted with one and concluded that as long as SISO continues to work
another. diligently as “One SISO”, the Ministry of Manpower and
the Workplace Safety and Health Council will continue to
support SISO.
At the session, SISO took the opportunity to reaffirm
our vision and mission as well as highlight our strategic
direction. There was also an engaging discussion between It was an interesting and fruitful dialogue session. May this
the Commissioner and the Executive Committee members be the first of many more to come.
24 Safety MattersREPORTS
Report on WSH Symposium
Jason E Tee
Ex-Co (co-opted member)
jastee@hotmail.com
T he WSH Symposium was held on the
12 July at e2i, attended by about
200 WSH Professionals. The theme for
symposium is “Staying Relevant in New
Business Models – What Does It Mean
for the Workplace Safety and Health
Professionals?”
Moving towards Industry 4.0, industries
will face disruptions from emerging
technologies and new business models.
The way we use these new technologies
will determine whether its impact is
positive or negative to workplace safety
and health. Conventional workplace
safety and health practices might not be
able to address the hazards caused by the
digital transformation. WSH Professionals
will require major mindset changes in
WSH practices and this will require
The WSH Symposium was
development of new capabilities and held on the 12 July at e2i,
acquiring new knowledge. Recognizing attended by about 200
this, SISO has developed a roadmap for WSH Professionals.
WSH professionals to up-skill and re-skill
their competencies in order to meet the
challenges of the future workplace. The
Career Progression Pathway (CPP) was Mr. Jeremy Kong, Programme
formally announced by SISO President, Chair, Republic Polytechnic,
Mr. Bernard Soh. Ms. Michelle Lam, SISO spoke on advancing
EXCO member, then proceeded to share Occupational Safety and
the CPP guidelines and framework with Health with sustainability. He
the participants. shared on Republic Polytechnic’s
Manager of Pilz South East Asia Pte Ltd Sustainability Movement and the areas
The Guest-of-Honour, Mr. Heng Chee shared with the participants on the impact of priorities identified as well as the
How, Deputy Secretary-General of of Industry 4.0 and Pilz’s challenges in strategies adopted.
National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) managing the impacts.
shared with the participants on the The WSH Symposium ended on a
challenges facing WSH Professionals due After the Networking Tea Break, successful note with participants ending
to digital disruption and Industry 4.0. He Mr. Chan Yew Kwong, Senior Consultant, the day with critical knowledge on
also emphasized the importance of the WSHC, engaged the participants on the the impending challenges facing WSH
CPP for WSH Professionals to up-skill impact of digital transformation on WSH. Professionals by Industry 4.0. They
their knowledge and skill sets to meet the He also shared on the benefits of Industry were enriched by the sharing from the
challenges of the future work landscape. 4.0 on WSH and how it can positively presenters and will look forward to face
New skill sets such as data analytics will be impact WSH practices. He encouraged up-coming challenges from Industry
required by future WSH professionals. WSH Professionals to adopt innovations in 4.0.
Mr. Hadi Halim, Business Development their workplaces.
Safety Matters 25REPORTS
Report on Asia-Pacific OHS
Training Convention
T his year’s Asia-Pacific OHS Convention
focussed on the theme “Towards the
Next Frontier in Training Innovation” to
Jason E Tee
Ex-Co (co-opted member)
help WSH Professionals and Trainers jastee@hotmail.com
stimulate ideation and prepare for the
Fourth Industrial Revolution.
The convention was jointly organised by
Singapore Institution of Safety Officers
(SISO) Academy and Workplace Safety
and Health Council (WSHC), supported
by the Ministry of Manpower and
Employability and Employment Institute
(e2i).
Held at the Fullerton Hotel on the
30 August, the convention was graced by
Mr. Ng Chee Meng, Secretary-General,
National Trades Union Congress (NTUC)
and Minister in the Prime Minister’s
Office. He gave the opening speech for
the Convention.
Together with Mr. Gilbert Tan, Chief
Executive Officer (e2i) and Mr. Bernard
Soh, President (SISO), Mr. Ng launched
the Career Progression Pathway (CPP)
Self-Evaluation Tool. The self-evaluation After a sumptuous lunch, participants
tool is an online toolkit developed by SISO were split into two tracks. The first
to assist WSH professionals to evaluate track focussed on raising quality of adult
different level of competencies before training while the second track looked at
Career Progression Pathway (CPP) integrating technologies into training.
certification. Each level of certification
will determine the different levels of All in all, the participants enjoyed
assessment on individual skills, knowledge themselves and gained useful insights
and professional expertise to meet the from the speakers. It was a hugely
challenges of Industry 4.0. successful convention and participants
will be looking forward for the next
Dr. Heather Frost from Columbia convention in 2020.
Southern University shared about using
nudges in OHS training to reinforce
key points and encourage employees to
develop safety awareness. Ms. Christina
Wong from DSI Academy shared with
the participants on the importance of
creating a brand for themselves and how it
positively impacts their careers.
Professor Neo Kok Beng explained the
importance of being innovative and
utilising technologies to improve safety
and training. Mr. Chan Yew Kwong,
Senior Consultant WSHC, used the Swiss
traffic control system as an example to
emphasize on the possibility of using
systems to control human behavior in
road safety.
26 Safety MattersMEMBERSHIP
Welcome New Members
(July - September 2019)
PROFESSIONAL
Name Job Title Employer Name Job Title Employer
Abdul Hazin Bin WSHO Sam Lain Equipment Ong Leng Chye Facility Lectrix Engineering
Abdul Rahim Services Pte Ltd Manager Pte Ltd
Abdul Kadher WSH Trainer Eversafe Consultants Sahril Bin Noor HSE Japan Gas Corporation
Nasar Pte Ltd Sani Coordinator Singapore Pte Ltd
Affandy Westlake Fire Safety Han Kiang Services Seah Qiong Yang WSHO Takenaka Corporation
Manager Colin
Balbin Edwin Lalic Senior Energizer Singapore Seow Zi-Xing, Operations National University of
Engineer — Pte Ltd Vernon Manager Singapore
Mechanical Soh Yeow Siang Operations Koh Slotted Angles
Baldev Singh WSHO Self-Employed Eric & Safety Engineering Pte Ltd
Caleb Choy Hoe EHS Manager MSD International Manager
Keat Gmbh Singapore Sowrirajan Anbu WSHO POKB JV
Branch Subramanyan HSE Manager Shapoorji Pallonji Oil &
Chew Joon Lin Senior Ngee Ann Polytechnic Raveendran Gas Pte Ltd
Lecturer Tai Wui Ye HSEQ AM Katoen Natie Singapore
& Head of Pte Ltd
Biosafety Tai Yee Fong Safety Alexandra Health
Chia Kah Boon HSE Officer Greensafe International Manager
Pte Ltd Tan Peng Koon Assistant SMRT Trains Ltd
Chong Kim Fatt WSHO Allied Container Group Bernard Division
Gopal Mitram Senior Leica Instruments Safety Officer
Manager, EHS (Singapore) Pte Ltd Teuku HSE Manager Pfeifer Structures
& Facilities Mohammad Singapore Pte Ltd
(JAPAC) Sopphian
Hong Chia-Yun WSHO Metalor Technologies
(S) Pte Ltd
Jason Khoo Boo Region Head Novartis Singapore ASSOCIATE
Siang HSE & BCM Pte Ltd
Name Job Title Employer
Karunakaran WSHO-cum- Progressive Builders
Murugesan ECO Pte Ltd Mabel Del WSHO Self-Employed
Carmen Solano Associate
Kong Kai Chen WSHO C&W Services (S) Borrero
Pte Ltd
Phanenta Ngo Health UBTS Pte Ltd
Leong Wai Tong Property Fujifilm Asia Pacific Yun Faan & Safety
Supervisor Pte Ltd Coordinator
Lim Chee Wee SHE Croda Singapore Radhakrishnan Operation Sinchew Woodpaq
Executive Pte Ltd Sivakumar Manager Pte Ltd
Lim Chwee Guan WSHO Qingjian International Sim Hui Ying, Forensic The Forensic Experts
(South Pacific) Group Yvonne Scientist Group
Development Co.
Pte Ltd
Loo Chen Boon HSE Officer Greensafe International CORPORATE
Pte Ltd CPG Facilities Management Pte Ltd
Mohammad HSE Manager LH Construction and Draeger Singapore Pte Ltd
Ridwan Bin Machinery Leasing
Suhaili Pte Ltd Dupont Malaysia Sdn Bhd.
Mohammed Senior Safety PUB HTM Medico Pte Ltd
Rizal Bin Hussain Officer Panduit Singapore Pte Ltd
Abdullah
Mohan S/O WSHO PSA Corporation Ltd
Natesa Pillai
Ganapathi
Safety Matters 27UPDATES
Theme: “WSH 2028: Ready, Get Set, Go!”
>
Registration Deadline: 10th October 2019
24 October 2019, 9.00am to 5.30pm
Cassia Ballroom, Level 3, Marina Bay Sands Convention Centre
Delegate Fee
Registration Remarks
(inclusive of GST)
SISO Members (Option 1) $220 Does not include any SISO membership subscription
SISO Members (Option 2) $300 Includes 2020 or 2021 SISO Membership subscription
Supporting Organisations’ Members (NTUC) $290 Includes SISO Trial Membership for 1 Oct to 31 Dec 2019 with
access to Safety Matters (electronic copy), preferential rates at the
Non-Members $330 WAH conference 2019 (19 Nov 2019) and other SISO courses.
Time Programme (subject to change)
Conference Highlights 0900 Delegates and Guests to be seated
Official Launch of Skills Welcome Address
Framework for Workplace Mr Bernard Soh, President, Singapore Institution of Safety Officers
Safety and Health Guest-of-Honour’s Opening Address
Learn about Skills Mrs Josephine Teo, Minister for Manpower and Second Minister for Home Affairs
Framework for Workplace Networking Tea Break
Safety and Health and Keynote Speech
SISO’s Career Progression Mr Melvin Yong, Assistant Secretary-General, National Trades Union Congress
Pathway. “Skills Framework (SFw) for Workplace Safety and Health”
Participate in the Dialogue Ms Loh Gek Khim, Director, Skills Development Group, Skills Development Division,
Session with Mr. Silas Sng, SkillsFuture Singapore, Ministry of Education (to be confirmed)
Commissioner for Workplace “SISO’s Career Progression Pathway”
Safety and Health. Mr Seet Choh San, Honorary President, Singapore Institution of Safety Officers
Be updated with the latest “The Future of Work Injury Compensation”
changes to the Work Injury Mr Christopher Koh, Director, Occupational Safety & Health Unit, Ministry of Manpower
Compensation Act. Questions and Answers followed by Presentation of Tokens of Appreciation
1215 Networking Lunch
Who Should Attend In Conversation with Commissioner for Workplace Safety and Health
Mr Silas Sng, Commissioner for Workplace Safety and Health, Ministry of Manpower
WSH Professionals;
“A.I. Learning Opportunities for Workplace Safety and Health”
HR Professionals; Mr Koo Seng Meng, Deputy Director, AI Industry Innovation, AI Singapore
Any Professionals whose
“Lifelong learning for an Enhanced Workplace Safety and Health”
roles and responsibilities Dr Kavitha Palaniappan, Academic Director, UON Singapore
impacts on the WSH “Imagine A World Of Zero Harm– Adding Value By Benchmarking Against The Best”
community and policies. Mr Saravanan Gopal, Principal Assessor, DNV GL Business Assurance Singapore Pte Ltd
Questions and Answers followed by Presentation of Tokens of Appreciation
Networking Tea Break
“The Definitive Guide to Combating Workplace Stress & Burnout”
Mr James Chong, Registered Counsellor & Psychotherapist, APACS
“Implementation of ISO 45001:2018”
Mr Philip Chop, Senior Lead Auditor, SGS International Certification Services Pte Ltd
Questions and Answers followed by Presentation of Tokens of Appreciation
1730 End of programme
Organised by: Supported by: In support of
Platinum Sponsor Gold Sponsor Silver Sponsor
28 Safety Matters
Email: membership@siso.org.sg | WEB: https://www.siso.org.sg/conferences/upcoming-conferencesYou can also read
