Review of Sustainability Measures for Black cardinalfish (CDL 1) for 2021/22
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Review of Sustainability Measures for Black cardinalfish (CDL 1) for 2021/22 Fisheries NZ Discussion Paper No: 2021/07 ISBN No: 978-1-99-100396-6 (online) ISSN No: 2624-0165 (online) June 2021
Disclaimer While every effort has been made to ensure the information in this publication is accurate, Fisheries New Zealand does not accept any responsibility or liability for error of fact, omission, interpretation or opinion that may be present, nor for the consequences of any decisions based on this information. © Crown Copyright – Fisheries New Zealand
Contents Page
1 Stock being reviewed 1
2 Summary 1
3 About the stock 2
3.1 Biology 2
3.2 Fishery characteristics 2
4 Quota Management System 3
5 Legal basis for managing fisheries in New Zealand 3
6 Treaty of Waitangi obligations 3
6.1 Input and participation of tangata whenua 3
6.2 Kaitiakitanga 4
7 Relevant plans, strategies, statements and context 4
7.1 National Fisheries Plan for Deepwater and Middle-depths Fisheries 4
7.2 Te Mana o te Taiao (Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy) 4
8 Recent catch levels and trends 5
8.1 Commercial 5
8.2 Customary Māori 6
8.3 Recreational 6
9 Status of the stock 6
10 Current and proposed TAC, TACC and allowance settings 6
10.1 Option 1 6
10.2 Option 2 7
10.3 Option 3 7
11 Environmental interactions 7
11.1 Marine mammals 7
11.2 Seabirds 7
11.3 Fish bycatch 8
11.4 Benthic Impacts 8
11.5 Habitats of particular significance 8
12 Uncertainties and risks 10
13 Deemed values 10
14 Questions for submitters on options for varying TACs, TACCs and allowances 11
15 How to get more information and have your say 11
16 Referenced reports 11
i
1 Stock being reviewed
Black cardinalfish (CDL 1) – East Coast of Northland and Auckland
Epigonus telescopus, Akiwa
Figure 1: Quota Management Areas (QMAs) for black cardinalfish, with CDL 1 highlighted.
2 Summary
1. Fisheries New Zealand is reviewing sustainability measures for black cardinalfish in Quota
Management Area CDL 1 for the 1 October 2021 fishing year (Figure 1).
2. Black cardinalfish is a Tier 21 commercial species that occurs throughout the New Zealand
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
3. The Total Allowable Catch (TAC) for CDL 1 was first set for the 1999-2000 fishing year at 1,320
tonnes and it has not been adjusted since. The TAC includes an allowance of 120 tonnes for
other mortality caused by fishing.
4. The catch of black cardinalfish in CDL 1 peaked between 1994/95-1999/2000 with average
annual landings of 1,100 tonnes, mostly from targeted effort. Since this peak, catches have
declined in line with a reduction in targeted effort. The average annual landings over the past
five fishing years has been 18 tonnes.
5. No stock assessment has been produced for CDL 1. The only stock assessment for black
cardinalfish to date was conducted in 2009 for the adjacent CDL 2-4 region. The most credible
model from the 2009 stock assessment estimated the CDL 2-4 biomass to be 11.9% of the
virgin mature biomass (B0). The TAC for CDL 2, the largest fishery in the CDL 2-4 region, was
significantly reduced based on these results.
1
Tier 2 fisheries are typically less commercially valuable, comprise bycatch fisheries, or are only targeted periodically
throughout the year.
Fisheries New Zealand Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 • 16. The CDL 1 TAC is based on historical catch. This proposal seeks to decrease the TAC, which
would decrease both the allowance for other sources of mortality caused by fishing, and the
Total allowable Commercial Catch (TACC) based upon recent catch data. This is to address the
potential sustainability risk for this stock if catch increased to the current TAC and TACC.
7. Three options are proposed for CDL 1:
Option 1 is to maintain the status quo.
Option 2 is to reduce the TAC by 1,144 tonnes to 176 tonnes, reduce the TACC by 1,040
tonnes to 160 tonnes and reduce the allowance for other mortality caused by fishing by 104
tonnes to 16 tonnes. This would reduce the potential sustainability risk associated with current
management settings. This TACC (160 tonnes) represents the highest catch of black
cardinalfish in the past ten fishing years, so this option is very unlikely to actively constrain
commercial catch.
Option 3 is to reduce the TAC by 1,276 tonnes to 44 tonnes, reduce the TACC by 1,160 tonnes
to 40 tonnes and reduce the allowance for other mortality caused by fishing by 116 tonnes to
four tonnes. This would significantly reduce the potential sustainability risk associated with
current management settings. This proposed TACC (40 tonnes) represents the highest catch of
black cardinalfish in the past five fishing years. This option is unlikely to actively constrain
commercial catch.
8. Fisheries New Zealand welcomes feedback and submissions on the proposal to decrease the
TAC, TACC, and allowance for other sources of mortality caused by fishing for CDL 1.
3 About the stock
3.1 Biology
9. Black cardinalfish occur throughout the New Zealand EEZ at depths between 300 to 1,100 m,
mostly in very mobile schools that are found up to 150 m off the sea floor over hills and rough
ground.
10. Otolith readings to age black cardinalfish have been validated using radiometric and bomb
radiocarbon methods (Andrews & Tracey 2007, Neil et al 2008). They indicate that this species
is relatively slow-growing and long-lived. Maximum ages of over 100 years were reported, with
most fish being aged between 35 and 55 years of age.
11. The reproductive biology of black cardinalfish is not well known. Indications from research
surveys and observer programme data are that spawning may occur between November and
July. Spawning locations have been identified in CDL 1, CDL 2, CDL 7 and CDL 9, and on the
northern Challenger Plateau, Lord Howe Rise, and West Norfolk Ridge (Dunn 2009). However,
it is currently unknown what make them favourable spawning locations. Analysis of maturity at
length indicates that fish became sexually mature at around 35 years of age (Field & Clark
2001).
12. Juveniles are thought to inhabit shallower areas until they reach about five years of age, after
which they move to deeper zones closer to the seafloor (Neil et al 2008). Larger juveniles have
been caught in bottom trawls at depths of 400 to 700 m with adult fish caught primarily between
800 to 1,000 m (Dunn 2009).
13. Black cardinalfish feed on small fish, prawns, and octopus (Tracey 1993). Predators of black
cardinalfish are not documented.
3.2 Fishery characteristics
14. Black cardinalfish have been reported caught since 1981 by research and commercial vessels,
initially as a bycatch of target trawling for other high value species such as orange roughy. The
2 • Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 Fisheries New Zealandpreferred depth range of black cardinalfish schools overlaps the upper end of the depth range of
orange roughy and the lower end of alfonsino and bluenose.
15. Between the 1993/94 and 1994/95 fishing years there was a sharp increase in the black
cardinalfish targeted catch in CDL 1 from 0.4 tonnes to 1,000 tonnes. Since the 1999/2000
fishing year this has slowly trended down with the average annual black cardinalfish targeted
catch in CDL 1 over the past five fishing years being 15 tonnes.
16. Estimated non-target catch of black cardinalfish in CDL 1 has followed a similar trend with a
peak in the 1996/97 fishing year of 1,073 tonnes (almost entirely from orange roughy target
tows) to an average of 1.5 tonnes annually over the past five fishing years.
17. Black cardinalfish is primarily sold domestically due to the short freezer life of fillets. The
species has a section of dark flesh under the lateral line that causes problems with overseas
marketing. The fillets can be tainted if this dark flesh is not removed quickly.
4 Quota Management System
18. Black cardinalfish was introduced to the Quota Management System (QMS) on 1 October 1999
and the TAC was set at 1,320 tonnes. It has not been reviewed since it was set.
19. When CDL 1 was introduced to the QMS, the fishing industry was asked to implement a
voluntary management regime within CDL 1 that would ensure that no more than 1,000 tonnes
was taken from the Mercury-Colville Box (see Figure 5), and no more than 200 tonnes taken
outside this area. No sub-area catch limits will be set for the TAC and TACC changes being
proposed under Options 2 and 3.
20. For more information about the QMS go to https://www.mpi.govt.nz/law-and-policy/legal-
overviews/fisheries/quota-management-system/.
5 Legal basis for managing fisheries in New Zealand
21. The Fisheries Act 1996 provides the legal basis for managing fisheries in New Zealand,
including the Minister’s responsibilities for setting and varying sustainability measures. See the
separate document Overview of legislative requirements and other considerations at
https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/45235 for more information.
6 Treaty of Waitangi obligations
6.1 Input and participation of tangata whenua
22. Input and participation into the sustainability decision-making process is provided through Iwi
Fisheries Forums, which have been established for that purpose. Each Iwi Fisheries Forum has
developed an Iwi Fisheries Forum Plan that describes how the iwi in the Forum exercise
kaitiakitanga over the fisheries of importance to them, and their objectives for the management
of their interest in fisheries. Particular regard will be given to kaitiakitanga when making
sustainability decisions.
23. Iwi Fisheries Forums may also be used as entities to consult iwi with an interest in fisheries.
24. In May 2021, a two-page document with information on the proposal to amend the TAC for
black cardinalfish in CDL 1 was made available to all Iwi Fisheries Forums with rohe in CDL 1
area, and input sought. No feedback relating to the proposal to amend the TAC for black
cardinalfish in CDL 1 has been received so far, however more hui for Iwi Fisheries Forums are
expected before the end of the consultation period for these proposed options.
Fisheries New Zealand Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 • 36.2 Kaitiakitanga
25. Black cardinalfish (akiwa) are not named specifically as a taonga species by any Iwi Fisheries
Forum Plan. The CDL 1 fish stock (Figure 1) includes the rohe of Mai i Ngā Kuri a Whārei ki
Tihirau (Bay of Plenty), Nga Hapu o Te Uru o Tainui (Waikato), Te Hiku o Te Ika (far North),
Hauraki and Mid-North.
26. Fisheries New Zealand considers the proposals for CDL 1 to be generally consistent with the
objectives of these Iwi Fisheries Forum Plans, in particular those to: improve the management
of fisheries resources to ensure sustainability for future generations; ensure that commercial
and non-commercial customary needs are met; and that fish stocks are healthy and support the
social, cultural and economic prosperity of iwi and hapū.
27. There are no customary fisheries management tools such as mātaitai, taiāpure or section 186A
temporary closures relevant to these proposals as black cardinalfish fishing takes place offshore
in depths between 300 to 1,100 metres in CDL 1.
7 Relevant plans, strategies, statements and context
7.1 National Fisheries Plan for Deepwater and Middle-depths Fisheries
28. Black cardinalfish in CDL 1 is managed as a Tier 2 species within the National Fisheries Plan
for Deepwater and Middle-depth fisheries 2019 – Part 1A National Deepwater Plan (2019).
The National Deepwater Plan sets out a series of Management Objectives for deepwater
fisheries, the most relevant to CDL 1 being:
• Management Objective 1: Ensure the deepwater and middle-depth fisheries resources
are managed so as to provide for the needs of future generations.
• Management Objective 11: Ensure New Zealand’s deepwater and middle-depth
fisheries are transparently managed.
29. The National Deepwater Plan (2019) is a formally approved section 11A plan, which the Minster
must take into account when making sustainability decisions.
7.2 Te Mana o te Taiao (Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy)
30. Te Mana o te Taiao – the Aotearoa New Zealand Biodiversity Strategy sets a strategic direction
for the protection, restoration and sustainable use of biodiversity, particularly indigenous
biodiversity, in Aotearoa New Zealand. The Strategy sets a number of objectives across three
timeframes. The most relevant to setting sustainability measures for CDL 1 are objectives 10
and 12:
Objective 10: Ecosystems and species are protected, restored, resilient and connected from
mountain tops to ocean depths.
Objective 12: Natural resources are managed sustainably.
31. The Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) is undertaking work to define specific terms used in
the Strategy (e.g. ‘environmental limits’), but is required by the Fisheries Act to manage
fisheries to balance use and sustainability, including the requirement to avoid, remedy or
mitigate adverse effects on the aquatic environment. The Ecosystem Interactions section in this
paper provides information on relevant interactions with the wider aquatic environment for this
stock.
4 • Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 Fisheries New Zealand8 Recent catch levels and trends
8.1 Commercial
32. Figure 2 below shows that catch in CDL 1 has never been at the level of the TACC since it was
introduced to the QMS and it has been well below the TACC for over a decade.
1200 (TACC)
Landed black cardinalfish (tonnes)
1000
800
600
400
200 (Option 2 TACC)
(Option 3 TACC)
0
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19
2019-20
Fishing year
Figure 2: Landed greenweight of black cardinalfish from CDL 1 between 1999/2000 and 2019/20 showing the current
TACC and the proposed changes to the TACC under Option 2 and 3.
33. Orange roughy and black cardinalfish targeted tows have caught an average of 97.7% of the
estimated annual catch of black cardinalfish in CDL 1 since 2000/01. The fishing effort targeting
both of these species in CDL 1 has declined significantly over the past 20 years (Figure 3).
700
Total orange roughy and black cardinalfish
600
500
targeted tows in CDL 1
400
300
200
100
0
2001-2002
2005-2006
1999-2000
2000-2001
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
2012-2013
2013-2014
2014-2015
2015-2016
2016-2017
2017-2018
2018-2019
2019-2020
Fishing year
Figure 3: Number of orange roughy and black cardinalfish targeted tows in CDL 1 per fishing year from 1999-2000.
Fisheries New Zealand Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 • 58.2 Customary Māori
34. There is no known customary catch of black cardinalfish in CDL 1. It is not proposed to increase
the customary allowance at this time. However, if any information regarding any customary take
of black cardinalfish for this area is known this should be included in submissions. It should also
be noted that even though the customary allowance for this stock is set at zero, this does not
preclude take of fish for customary purposes.
8.3 Recreational
35. There is no information to suggest there is recreational catch in CDL 1. The current recreational
allowance is set at zero tonnes, and it is not proposed to increase it at this time. The National
Panel Survey of Marine Recreational Fishers (NPS) report in 2017/18 did not list black
cardinalfish as a separate species for reporting catch data.
9 Status of the stock
36. As stated in the 2021 Fisheries Assessment Plenary, CDL 1 is a low knowledge stock, and
there is little information with which to reliably estimate stock status. As such, the stock status of
CDL 1 is unknown.
10 Current and proposed TAC, TACC and allowance settings
Table 1: Summary of current and proposed catch settings for CDL 1 from 1 October 2021. Values are all in tonnes
and the numbers within brackets represent the quantum of the decrease.
Allowances
Option TAC TACC Customary All other mortality
Recreational
Māori caused by fishing
Option 1 (Status quo) 1320 1200 0 0 120
Option 2 176 (1144 t) 160 (1040 t) 0 0 16 (104 t)
Option 3 44 (1276 t) 40 (1160 t) 0 0 4 (116 t)
37. The current allowance for other mortality caused by fishing (120 tonnes) was set based on a
history of catch overruns (unreported catch) from loss of fish through burst nets, and discarding
at sea. This allowance is equivalent to 10% of the TACC. For all options, this allowance is
proposed to be maintained at approximately 10% of the TACC as there is no new evidence to
suggest this needs to be reviewed.
38. Fisheries New Zealand invites views on these proposed options.
10.1 Option 1
39. Option 1 is maintaining the status quo.
40. The only stock assessment conducted for black cardinalfish estimated that the biomass of the
population in the adjacent CDL 2-4 region was 11.9% B0, which is below soft limit of 20% B0.
Significant TAC reductions were implemented for CDL 2-4 to rebuild the stock.
41. There is currently no evidence to suggest that the CDL 1 stock is biologically distinct from CDL
2-4. Therefore, there may be a sustainability risk for this stock if catch levels increase to the
current TAC and TACC. However, there is also no evidence to suggest that CDL 1 and CDL 2-4
are the same stock.
42. The average annual landings of black cardinalfish in CDL 1 over the past five years has been
1.5% of the current TACC. Therefore, there is a large scope to reduce the CDL 1 TAC without
6 • Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 Fisheries New Zealandconstraining the current black cardinalfish targeted commercial catch or the current commercial
catch of species where black cardinalfish are taken as non-target species.
10.2 Option 2
43. Option 2 reduces the TAC by 1,144 tonnes to 176 tonnes, reduces the TACC by 1,040 tonnes
to 160 tonnes and reduces the allowance for other mortality caused by fishing by 104 tonnes to
16 tonnes.
44. This would reduce the potential sustainability risk associated with current management settings,
however due to limited stock assessment information it is unknown whether catch at this TAC
would be sustainable or not.
45. This TACC represents the highest catch of black cardinalfish in the past ten fishing years. This
option is very unlikely to actively constrain commercial catch in CDL 1. This would also be
unlikely to constrain commercial catch in CDL 1 if fishing effort increased for species where
black cardinalfish are taken as non-target catch (e.g. orange roughy).
10.3 Option 3
46. Option 3 reduces the TAC by 1,276 tonnes to 44 tonnes, reduces the TACC by 1,160 tonnes to
40 tonnes and reduces the allowance for other mortality caused by fishing by 116 tonnes to four
tonnes.
47. This would significantly reduce the potential sustainability risk associated with current
management settings. Whilst it is still unknown whether catch at this TAC would be sustainable
or not, this option is considered a cautious management approach.
48. This proposed TACC represents the highest catch of black cardinalfish in the past five fishing
years. This option is not likely to constrain commercial catch in CDL 1 based on fishing effort
from the past five fishing years. However, this option may constrain commercial catch in CDL 1
if fishing effort increased for species where black cardinalfish are taken as non-target catch (e.g.
orange roughy).
11 Environmental interactions
49. The key environmental interactions with this fishery, which must be taken into account when
considering sustainability measures, concern marine mammals, seabirds, fish and invertebrate
bycatch, benthic impacts and habitats of particular significance.
50. Black cardinalfish in CDL 1 is predominantly taken by targeted bottom trawling and is also taken
as bycatch in other target fisheries. The proposed decrease to the TAC for CDL 1 is unlikely to
result in any change to the total amount of fishing effort. As a result, Fisheries New Zealand
does not foresee significant changes in fishing interactions with marine mammals, fish bycatch,
seabirds or the benthic environment from these proposals.
11.1 Marine mammals
51. No fur seal captures have been reported by fishers, or by observers from 2002/03-2017/18
fishing years during black cardinalfish targeted tows in CDL 1.
11.2 Seabirds
52. The management of seabird interactions with New Zealand’s commercial fisheries is guided by
the National Plan of Action to Reduce the Incidental Captures of Seabirds in New Zealand
Fisheries (NPOA-Seabirds).
53. To estimate total protected species captures in a fishery, statistical methods are used to
extrapolate from observed fishing to unobserved fishing. These models have been completed
using data up to the 2017/18 fishing year. For the five fishing years up to 2017/18 in the whole
of the New Zealand EEZ, black cardinalfish, orange roughy and oreo targeted tows had annual
Fisheries New Zealand Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 • 7average captures of 15 seabirds. However, there have been no seabird captures reported by
fishers or by observers from black cardinalfish targeted tows in CDL 1 from 2002/03-2017/18.
11.3 Fish bycatch
54. Black cardinalfish and orange roughy account for 95.5% of the fisher reported catch from black
cardinalfish targeted tows in CDL 1 from 2000/01-2019/20 fishing years. The remaining catch
was primarily alfonsino (2%), rubyfish (1%) and bluenose (0.6%).
11.4 Benthic Impacts
55. Trawling for CDL can interact with the seabed and the associated benthic environment,
sometimes leading to bycatch of benthic organisms including corals, sponges and sea
anemones. However, because CDL 1 is rarely targeted, any associated benthic impacts are
likely to be minimal and unaffected by the proposal to decrease its TAC.
11.5 Habitats of particular significance
56. As options proposed involve either maintaining current catch levels or decreasing fishing effort,
they are not expected to increase the impact from fishing to any habitats of particular
significance in CDL 1.
57. The only potential habitat of particular significance known about in CDL 1 is the potential for
spawning grounds to be located in this area evidenced by the presence of ripe and running
females in CDL 1 (Figure 4).
Figure 4: Location of research trawl (left) and observer (right) biological samples (grey areas), and occurrence of
ripe and running black cardinalfish (black squares). Broken grey line indicates the 1000 m isobath (Dunn
2009).
8 • Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 Fisheries New ZealandTable 2: Summary of information on habitats of particular significance for CDL 1.
Fish Stock CDL 1
Habitat Northern Bay of Plenty (exact location unknown, Figure 4)
Attributes of habitat • Potential spawning ground (November – June).
• It is currently unknown what makes these habitats
preferable for spawning, but it is likely due to
oceanographic features such as hills and perhaps current
or circulation patterns.
• The stock is data deficient and the exact location is
unknown.
Reasons for particular • Spawning is of critical importance in supporting the
significance productivity of a species.
• The only other locations where spawning females have
been found are in CDL 2, CDL 7, CDL 9, and on the
northern Challenger Plateau, Lord Howe Rise, and West
Norfolk Ridge, which may represent other biological
stocks.
• Spawning site fidelity is unknown for black cardinalfish,
however schools are thought to be highly mobile, so the
spawning location could support multiple CDL stocks.
• Effects of damage to spawning locations might not be
apparent in the population for many years due to the
species being long lived (most of the commercial catch is
35 - 55 years old).
Risks/Threats • Trawl fishing can contact the seafloor, impacting benthic
habitats. It is currently unknown what conditions make
these areas favourable for spawning for black cardinalfish,
so it is also unknown to what extent this fishing activity
impacts these habitats.
• No known offshore development activities are happening
or are planned in CDL 1.
• Oceanographic features could be impacted by extractive
processes e.g. mining. There is inshore sand mining in
CDL 1 around Pakiri, however if spawning locations are
offshore this mining is unlikely to impact them.
• Long term current and circulation patterns could be
impacted by climate change (ocean warming, changes to
wind patterns) which have the potential to impact
spawning events.
58. The current environmental protection in CDL 1 which could be relevant to potential spawning
locations of black cardinalfish includes the closures of seamounts ‘2B2 a’ (Reg no 148 & 782)
and ‘2B2 b’ (Cavalli), as well as Submarine cable and pipeline protection zones, Marine
reserves and Marine parks (Figure 5).
Fisheries New Zealand Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 • 9Figure 5: Seamount closures, Marine parks, Marine reserves, Submarine cables and pipeline protection zones and
the Mercury-Colville box within CDL 1 (left) and areas closed to trawling within the territorial sea (right).
12 Uncertainties and risks
59. The stock boundaries and number of black cardinalfish stocks in New Zealand are unknown.
Their biology is also poorly understood; however, they are known to be a long-lived species.
Spawning areas have been identified in CDL 1, CDL 2, CDL 7, CDL 9 and on the northern
Challenger Plateau, Lord Howe Rise, and West Norfolk Ridge, but their precise location is
unknown.
60. The stock status and sustainability of CDL 1 remains unknown, and there is no stock
assessment for CDL 1.
13 Deemed values
61. Deemed values are the price paid by fishers for each kilogram of unprocessed fish landed in
excess of a fisher’s ACE holdings. The purpose of the deemed values regime is to provide
incentives for individual fishers to acquire or maintain sufficient ACE to cover catch taken over
the course of the year, while allowing flexibility in the timing of balancing, promoting efficiency,
and encouraging accurate catch reporting.
62. The Deemed Value Guidelines set out the operational policy Fisheries New Zealand uses to
inform the development of advice to the Minister on the setting of deemed values.
63. The current deemed value rates in CDL 1 may not provide sufficient incentive to ensure fishers
limit their catch to ACE holdings as fishers may choose instead to pay deemed value penalties
when targeting higher value fish in the area (e.g. orange roughy).
10 • Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 Fisheries New Zealand64. The CDL 1 port price ($0.93 per kg) is similar to that of CDL 2 ($0.94 per kg), as is the average
price paid by fishers during the 2019/20 fishing year for one kilogram of ACE (CDL 1: $0.10 per
kg, CDL 2: 0.17 per kg). However, the interim and annual deemed values are much lower for
CDL 1 than CDL 2, and CDL 2 has a differential deemed value rate for 20% in excess of ACE
holdings which CDL 1 does not.
65. Due to the similarities in port price and ACE transfer price and the success of the CDL 2
deemed value rates at ensuring fishers acquire or maintain sufficient ACE to cover catch taken
over the course of the year, Fisheries New Zealand is proposing to bring CDL 1 deemed value
rates in line with those of CDL 2 (Table 3).
Table 3: Current and proposed deemed value rates for CDL 1.
Interim rate Annual rate ($/kg) Differential rates ($/kg) for excess catch (% of ACE)
Stock
($/kg) 100-120% 120%+
Current CDL 1 rates 0.27 0.30 0.30
Proposed rates 0.54 0.60 0.69
66. Fisheries New Zealand welcomes any feedback on these proposed changes.
14 Questions for submitters on options for varying TACs,
TACCs and allowances
• Which option do you support for revising the TAC and allowances? Why?
• If you do not support any of the options listed, what alternative(s) should be considered?
Why?
• Are the allowances for customary Māori, recreational and other sources of mortality
appropriate? Why?
• Do you think these options adequately provide for social, economic, and cultural wellbeing?
• Do you have any concerns about potential impacts of the proposed options on the aquatic
environment?
67. We welcome your views on these proposals. Please provide detailed information and sources to
support your views where possible.
15 How to get more information and have your say
68. Fisheries New Zealand invites you to make a submission on the proposals set out in this
discussion document. Consultation closes at 5pm on 27 July 2021.
69. Please see the Fisheries New Zealand sustainability consultation webpage
(https://www.mpi.govt.nz/consultations/review-of-sustainability-measures-2021-october-round)
for related information, a helpful submissions template, and information on how to submit your
feedback. If you cannot access to the webpage or require hard copies of documents or any
other information, please email FMSubmissions@mpi.govt.nz.
16 Referenced reports
Andrews, A H; and Tracey, D M (2007). Age validation of orange roughy and black cardinalfish using
lead-radium dating. Final Research Report for Ministry of Fisheries Research Project
DEE2005-02 Objective 1. 40 p. (Unpublished report held by Fisheries New Zealand,
Wellington.)
Fisheries New Zealand Review of sustainability measures October 2021: CDL 1 • 11Department of Conservation and Fisheries New Zealand (2020). National Plan of Action — Seabirds
2020. Accessible at: https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/40652-National-Plan-Of-Action-
Seabirds-2020-Report
Dunn, M.R. (2009). Review and stock assessment of black cardinalfish (Epigonus telescopus) on the
east coast North Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report 2009/39. 55
p.
Field, K D; Clark, M R (2001). Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) analysis and stock assessment for black
cardinalfish Epigonus telescopus in QMA 2. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report
2001/23. 22 p.
Fisheries New Zealand (2011). Operational Guidelines for New Zealand’s Harvest Strategy Standard.
Accessible at: https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/19706-OPERATIONAL-GUIDELINES-
FOR-NEW-ZEALANDS-HARVEST-STRATEGY-STANDARD
Fisheries New Zealand (2019). National Fisheries Plan for Deepwater and Middle-depth Fisheries .
Accessible at: https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/3967-National-Fisheries-Plan-for-
Deepwater-and-Middle-depth-Fisheries-2019
Fisheries New Zealand (2020). Guidelines for the review of deemed value rates for stocks managed
under the Quota Management System. Accessible at:
https://www.mpi.govt.nz/dmsdocument/40250/direct
Fisheries New Zealand (2021). Fisheries Assessment Plenary, May 2021: stock assessments and
stock status. Compiled by the Fisheries Science and Information Group, Fisheries New
Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand. Accessible at: https://www.mpi.govt.nz/science/fisheries-
science-research/about-our-fisheries-research
Neil, H L; McMillan, P J; Tracey, D M; Sparks, R; Marriott, P; Francis, C; Paul, L J (2008). Maximum
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