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399
RESOURCE REVIEW
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.468
CHOOSING THE RIGHT CITATION awkward and time-consuming initially introduced in 2006 as an
MANAGEMENT TOOL: ENDNOTE, process. Citation management extension for the Firefox web
MENDELEY, REFWORKS, OR software was introduced in the browser. It is now available as a
ZOTERO 1980s and used primarily to organ- standalone application [6]. First
EndNote. Clarivate Analytics, 1500 ize references, search databases for released in 2008 [7], Mendeley is a
Spring Garden Street, Fourth Floor, articles on a particular topic, and free cloud-based citation manager
Philadelphia, PA 19130; generate bibliographies [1]. Over with desktop and online versions.
http://endnote.com; standard edi- the years, users’ needs have It also serves as an academic re-
tion, $249.95; student pricing avail- changed, technology has advanced, search network, offering a variety
able; cost includes unlimited cloud and many new features have been of social networking features.
storage; EndNote web included added, including options for social
All four products share a core
with some library subscriptions to networking and portable document
set of features that allow users to
other Clarivate products. format file (PDF) management.
import, organize, and manage cita-
Mendeley. Elsevier, Suite 800, 230 There are now many biblio- tions and associated full text. Users
Park Avenue, New York, NY graphic management packages can import references from a varie-
10169; http://www.mendeley.com; available and many factors to con- ty of databases, create in-text cita-
basic account free; includes 2GB sider when choosing the product tions and bibliographies, and
online storage; premium and insti- that best meets the needs of the import bibliographic information
tutional accounts and additional individual user or institution. Pop- from web pages. All offer an exten-
storage plans available for pur- ular tools include RefWorks, End- sive list of citation styles and the
chase. Note, Zotero, Mendeley, and F1000 ability to edit existing styles and
Workspace. This review will cover create new ones.
RefWorks. ProQuest, 789 East Ei-
the first four; F1000 Workspace was
senhower Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI The remainder of this review
reviewed in the Journal of the Medi-
48108; http://refworks.proquest.com; focuses on how these products dif-
cal Library Association (JMLA) in
institutional subscriptions only; con- fer with respect to the most com-
2017 [2].
tact vendor for pricing. monly used features of citation
First released in 1988 [3], End- managers and the advantages and
Zotero. Roy Rozenzweig Center for
Note is a commercial product that disadvantages of each product. Ta-
History and New Media, George is primarily marketed via sales of ble 1 summarizes key differences
Mason University, 4400 University its desktop application (currently between the products. This review
Drive, MSN 1E7, Fairfax, VA 22030; version X8). A basic online version is based primarily on current desk-
https://www.zotero.org; free; in- is free, but it has limited features top versions (if applicable) of the
cludes 300 MB online storage; stor- and functionality. RefWorks, first products as of February 2018,
age plans available for purchase. released in 2001 [4], is an entirely though online versions are dis-
web-based application marketed to cussed as needed to provide a
libraries as an institution-wide tool, complete picture of a tool’s func-
though a vendor representative tionality. For Mendeley, this review
indicated that individual accounts covers the free version only. For
used to be available and will be RefWorks, this review covers the
INTRODUCTION
offered again [5]. The product is new RefWorks only; it does not
Citation management has not al- currently transitioning to a new address the older version, known
ways been as easy as it is today. interface, referred to by the vendor as Legacy RefWorks.
Years ago, references were manual- as “new RefWorks.” Zotero’s free,
ly organized on index cards, an open source citation manager was
jmla.mlanet.org 106 (3) July 2018 Journal of the Medical Library Association400 Review
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.468
Table 1 Citation management tools at a glance
EndNote Mendeley RefWorks Zotero
Platforms Mac, Windows Mac, Windows, Linux Not applicable (web-based Mac, Windows, Linux
only)
Browsers Internet Explorer IE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari IE, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, Firefox, Chrome, Safari
(IE), Firefox, Safari, Chrome
Chrome, Safari
Browser IE (Windows only) IE, Firefox, Chrome, Safari IE (Windows only), Safari Firefox, Chrome, and Safari
plug-ins and Firefox (Win- (Mac only), Firefox, Chrome,
dows and Mac) and Microsoft Edge
Mobile apps iOS (iPad only) Android, iOS None; mobile-friendly site None; mobile-friendly site
available available
Word pro- Microsoft Word Microsoft Word (Windows and Microsoft Word (Windows Microsoft Word (Windows
cessing inte- (Windows and Mac) Mac), LibreOffice (Linux, Mac, and Mac), Google Docs and Mac), Libre Office
gration and Windows) (Linux, Mac, and Windows)
Importing Refer/BibIX, tab BibTeX, EndNote, XML, RIS, Mendeley, RIS, filters for Bibliontology RDF, BibTeX
references delimited, RIS, ISI- Zotero library, txt, Ovid (Med- hundreds of databases browser bookmarks, Citavi 5
CE, filters for hun- lars reprint), Pub- XML, CSL JSON, EndNote
dreds of databases Med/MEDLINE (nbib), XML, MAB2, MARC,
Mendeley web catalog MARCXML, Pub-
Med/MEDLINE (nbib),
MODS, Ovid tagged, Primo
normalized XML, PubMed
XML, RDF, Refer/BibIX,
RefWorks tagged, RIS, Web
of Science tagged, XML Con-
textObject
Add refer- Available by search- ArXiv ID, DOI, PMID Not available ISBN, DOI, PMID
ence by iden- ing external data-
tifier bases in application
Offline avail- Yes, references and Yes, references and files stored Only with link to Dropbox Yes, references and files
ability files stored locally locally account stored locally
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS, on functions only with the online Users can search within databases,
BROWSER EXTENSIONS, AND version of Mendeley; the Zotero mark references to save or export,
MOBILE APPS add-on requires the desktop ver- and select from a variety of options
All four products offer plug-ins for sion for full functionality; and the to add references to their preferred
Microsoft Word. EndNote, Mende- EndNote add-on can be used in the citation manager tools. Choosing a
ley, and Zotero offer desktop cli- desktop and online versions. direct export option opens any of
ents, while RefWorks is entirely these tools that are installed on us-
Of the four products, only
web-based. Table 1 shows plat- ers’ computers, and references can
EndNote and Mendeley offer mo-
forms and browser compatibility. be added with one mouse-click.
bile apps. While RefWorks and
All four products offer a web-based Each of the products has direct ex-
Zotero do not have mobile apps,
version that works with recent ver- port options for at least one of the
they do have mobile-friendly sites.
sions of popular browsers. Some following databases: PubMed, Web
tools offer plug-ins for other of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO
browsers as well, and all offer SEARCHES FOR AND IMPORTING (CINAHL), and ProQuest
OF REFERENCES (PsycINFO). All four systems allow
browser add-ons (bookmarklets,
extensions, etc.) for importing bib- All four tools allow users to import direct export of records from EB-
liographic information from web files of references from databases SCO (CINAHL), while EndNote is
pages. The Mendeley browser add- or other citation management tools. the only tool that has a direct ex-
port option for PubMed.
Journal of the Medical Library Association 106 (3) July 2018 jmla.mlanet.orgReview 401
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.468
Users can also use the browser The tools also offer several oth- users to create a subject bibliog-
add-ons to automatically import er ways to add references. Mende- raphy that is based on one or more
references into their reference col- ley users can add references by keywords in users’ citations. Both
lections. The add-ons for Mende- entering a PubMed ID (PMID), dig- Mendeley and Zotero allow users
ley, RefWorks, and Zotero allow ital object (DOI), or ArXivID. Simi- to drag references from the desktop
users to import references to their larly, Zotero users can add client into a word processor, where
reference collections from multiple references using the international they will be formatted according to
databases. Depending on the data- standard book number (ISBN), the style that users have selected,
base, users can select individual DOI, or PMID. In the online ver- the quickest and most user-friendly
references or batches, and the ref- sion of Mendeley, users can search method of bibliography creation.
erences and associated PDFs are and import references from Mende- RefWorks includes a feature that
imported. Mendeley and Zotero ley’s web catalog, a collection of all allows users to generate a bibliog-
users can use the browser add-ons the references that have been add- raphy from a batch of references in
to import references from PubMed, ed to the personal libraries of Men- a folder, but that feature did not
Web of Science, and Science Direct. deley users [8]. EndNote and work when we tested it, leaving no
Using Zotero, the reviewers were RefWorks also allow users to way to generate standalone bibli-
able to import references from search databases and library cata- ographies from citations.
ProQuest (PsycINFO), but the logs from within the application
More commonly, users create
Mendeley browser add-on was not and import selected search results.
bibliographies from in-text cita-
able to recognize the bibliographic EndNote offers an extensive list of
tions in a manuscript. All four tools
metadata in ProQuest (PsycINFO) free and commercial databases for
offer Microsoft Word plug-ins to
references. Errors were experienced searching. As of this writing, the
support this functionality. Table 1
with both Mendeley and Zotero new RefWorks only offers PubMed
provides details about which tools
when we imported references from and the Library of Congress as
work with other word processors.
EBSCO (CINAHL). search options, and, when tested,
In EndNote, the bibliography is
neither search option was function-
EndNote’s Capture Reference automatically generated as the cita-
al. According to the RefWorks lead
bookmarklet has more limited tions are inserted into the docu-
product manager, institutional ac-
functionality than the browser add- ment. In Mendeley, RefWorks, and
count administrators can allow us-
ons for the other three products. Zotero, inserting a citation and cre-
ers to search any database that is
When displaying a list of PubMed ating a bibliography are separate
accessible via the Z39.50 search
search results, Capture Reference steps, and at least one citation must
standard. He also indicated that
only imported all references on the be added to the document in order
ProQuest is building application
page; it did not allow us to select to create a bibliography. All four
programming interfaces (APIs) to
specific references to import. Cap- products made occasional small
integrate RefWorks with other
ture Reference did not work at all errors in citations, especially when
ProQuest tools such as Summon
for us with a list of results from we cited web pages, but Mendeley
and Primo, which should increase
Google Scholar. The only way to performed especially poorly, omit-
in-app search options [5].
import these results was to open ting key information from web
each one and then capture it. It also page citations, such as date ac-
did not directly capture biblio- CREATION OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES cessed.
graphic information about web All four applications allow users to
pages as easily as the other add-ons create standalone bibliographies in MANAGEMENT AND ANNOTATION
did. When we attempted to import virtually any word processor, in- OF PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT
information about a web page us- cluding Google Docs. With End- FILES
ing Capture Reference, it created an Note, users can create a standalone
RIS file that we then had to import Each tool offers different options
bibliography by selecting citations for adding PDF documents. All
into EndNote, whereas the other and an output style, and copying
three add-ons added information four systems allow users to add
and pasting into a word processor PDF documents by dragging and
about web pages directly. document. EndNote also allows dropping them into their reference
jmla.mlanet.org 106 (3) July 2018 Journal of the Medical Library Association402 Review
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.468
collections and by attaching them electronic collections. Users can they are following via the Mende-
to existing citations. EndNote and specify the baseURL of their librar- ley Newsfeed [12].
Mendeley users can drag and drop ies’ link resolver in the product
PDFs both individually and in settings, and the products will use OFFLINE AVAILABILITY
folders. RefWorks users can only metadata from a citation in their
add PDFs one at a time, while libraries to attempt to locate full EndNote, Mendeley, and Zotero
Zotero users can add multiple text for that item. In Zotero, this collections and documents are
PDFs at once. Mendeley users can feature is called Library Lookup. stored locally and, therefore, avail-
also add PDFs by putting them in a Users click on a reference in their able offline. RefWorks is a purely
designated folder called a Watch collections, and if full text is found, cloud-based system, so access to
Folder. Mendeley monitors the con- the PDF file can be easily dragged the application itself is not availa-
tents of these folders and automati- and dropped into their reference ble offline. Users can, however, link
cally adds any PDFs to reference collections. EndNote users can ac- a DropBox account to RefWorks to
collections. cess full-text through their institu- provide offline access to full-text
tions by using the Find Full Text documents in RefWorks [10].
All four products can generate
feature. Mendeley used to allow
metadata from PDFs to create a
integration with a library’s link UNIQUE FEATURES
citation record, but they use some-
resolver but no longer offers this
what different methods to do so. Of the four products, EndNote is
feature [8]. For RefWorks, institu-
When we tested articles from three the only one that offers a journal
tional administrators can configure
different journals, all four products matching feature, known as Manu-
a link resolver for all users at that
extracted metadata inconsistently script Matcher, to help users find
institution.
and occasionally inaccurately. For the right journal for their manu-
example, one product extracted scripts. Users of the online version
metadata completely for a given COLLABORATION AND SOCIAL can provide their article titles, ab-
article, while another failed to ex- NETWORKING
stracts, and references, and End-
tract key information (e.g. author According to RefWorks documen- Note will provide a list of journal
name, page numbers) from the tation, RefWorks users can only recommendations based on its
same PDF, and a third failed to im- share collections with users at their analysis of Web of Science citation
port any metadata from the PDF. own institutions [10]. The Ref- data [15]. RefWorks is the only
All products exhibited these fail- Works senior product manager product to offer a plug-in for
ures, though RefWorks appeared to indicated, however, that as of fall Google Docs, an especially useful
be the least accurate, with at least 2017, RefWorks users can share feature at universities where
one significant error with each of folders with other RefWorks users Google tools are used heavily by
the three PDFs that we tested. across institutions [5]. EndNote X7 students. It is also the only fully
All of the products, other than and X8 users can share with each cloud-based product. While both
Zotero, support PDF annotation in other in groups of up to 100 mem- Mendeley and Zotero are free,
the application. Zotero users can bers [11]. Mendeley and Zotero Zotero is the only open-source
open PDFs in the application of users can create both public and product among the four. Its source
their choice, annotate them, and private groups [12, 13], though code is hosted on GitHub and
save them back to the Zotero data- Mendeley users with a free account freely available under an AGPLv3
base. An add-on called Zotfile [9] can create and own only one pri- license [16].
allows users to extract annotations vate group, and private groups
and perform other PDF manage- created by free accounts are limited CONCLUSION
ment tasks. to three members [14]. Mendeley
offers additional social networking All four of the tools reviewed here
features in the online version that are usable for standard reference
INTEGRATION WITH LIBRARY manager functions, and each has
the other products do not provide.
COLLECTIONS strengths and weaknesses. For ex-
Mendeley users can search for and
EndNote and Zotero can use an follow other researchers with simi- ample, in our testing, Zotero’s
openURL link resolver to help us- lar interests and receive updates on browser add-on was the easiest to
ers retrieve full text from a library’s actions and events of researchers use and captured data more accu-
Journal of the Medical Library Association 106 (3) July 2018 jmla.mlanet.orgReview 403
DOI: dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.468
rately than the other add-ons did. 2. Brody ER, McGraw KA, Renner BR. 11. EndNote. Library sharing [Internet].
F1000 Workspace [review]. J Med Libr EndNote; 2017 [cited 7 Mar 2018].
EndNote offered the most choices
Assoc. 2017 Jan;105(1):98–101. DOI: .
tool, and Zotero generated the most
3. Combs Jr J. Endnote 3: reference 12. Mendeley. Connect & network with
accurate bibliographies. Each also database management, bibliography researchers worldwide [Internet].
offers unique features that may be generation, and Z39.50 search and Mendeley; 2017 [cited 7 Mar 2018].
especially valuable to certain popu- retrieval software in one package from .
1998 Jun;17(2):149–56.
with Google Docs, Mendeley’s so- 13. Zotero. Zotero groups [Internet].
cial networking functions). Often, 4. RefWorks. In: Wikipedia [Internet]. Zotero [cited 7 Mar 2018].
Wikimedia [rev. 31 Dec 2017; cited 6 .
purpose may be determined by . 14. Mendeley. 03. managing usage within
private groups [Internet]. Mendeley;
of the applications themselves. 5. Vaccaro T. Personal communication. 2 2017 [cited 7 Mar 2018].
These factors include cost, support Mar 2018. .
Wikimedia [rev. 21 Feb 2018; cited 6
from previous experience, and ac- Mar 2018]. 15. EndNote. Journal matching [Internet].
cessibility for the research team . .
working on a systematic review 7. Mendeley. In: Wikipedia [Internet].
Wikimedia [rev. 25 Jan 2018; cited 6 16. Zotero. Zotero source code [Internet].
with authors at several institutions,
Mar 2018]. Zotero [cited 7 Mar 2018].
they will need to choose a tool that .
team. Since users are not limited to 8. Bell E. Research guides: research
the citation managers supported by management and citation tools at Camille Ivey, camille.ivey@vanderbilt.edu,
their institutions, information pro- Harvard: Mendeley [Internet]. Harvard Library Liaison for Health Sciences,
University [cited 7 Mar 2018]. Biomedical Library, Vanderbilt University,
fessionals need to be familiar with
.
guide and support their users effec- Janet Crum, janet.crum@nau.edu, Head,
9. ZotFile: advanced PDF management
tively. Content, Discovery, and Delivery Services,
for Zotero [Internet]. GitHub Pages
[cited 26 Mar 2018]. Cline Library, Northern Arizona
. University, Flagstaff, AZ
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Articles in this journal are licensed under a Creative
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University of Pittsburgh Press.
ISSN 1558-9439 (Online)
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