Regionality trends within the UK production sector - A report for Ofcom by Oliver & Ohlbaum Associates Ltd
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Regionality trends within the UK
production sector
A report for Ofcom by Oliver & Ohlbaum
Associates Ltd
September 2018Executive Summary
This report studies recent production sector trends in the nations and regions through an analysis of PSB
commissioning, both in terms of producer location and productions qualifying as ‘made outside London’
UK production sector in the nations and regions
• Network PSB commissions account for the majority of production spending in the nations and regions, although
their ‘made outside London’ (MoL) originations spending has fallen very slightly over recent years
• Northern England is the most active region, with roughly £550m of originations spend in 2017. Southern England
and Scotland are also key areas; though all are significantly smaller than the production industry in London
PSB commissioning outside London
• Total PSB MoL originations volume has fallen slightly but the proportion of MoL hours made by external producers
has increased from 38% in 2014 to 47% in 2017
• Over 60% of these external originations are produced by companies whose main office is in London, though many
also have a secondary office in the nations and regions
• Sports MoL programming, which has typically covered sporting events outside the location of production, has
diminished but still accounts for over one-quarter of PSB MoL originations in terms of volume
• BBC and ITV in-house MoL originations are predominantly focused in Northern England while Channel 4’s MoL
commissions, mostly factual and entertainment programming, are spread more evenly across the different areas
Impact of previous broadcaster policies
• The BBC relocation to Salford and changes to Channel 4’s nations quota have had a significant impact on overall
spending, but have had a more subdued effect on the independent sector and audience perceptions
2Contents 1. Introduction 2. UK production sector overview 3. Regional analysis 4. Impact of previous broadcaster policies 5. Conclusion
Introduction
With regionality becoming an increasingly important topic in the TV industry, this report aims to provide some
context to the discussions though an analysis of recent trends in the production sector
• The regionality of the TV production and broadcasting sectors has become a key policy area, with multiple
significant initiatives, ranging from the BBC’s relocation to Salford to Ofcom quota changes and Channel 4’s recent
‘4 All the UK’ strategy announcement, recently aiming to improve the state of the industry outside of London
• Following on from our work on ‘Trends in TV Production’ in 2015, this report provides an analysis of recent trends
in the production sector, with a particular focus on regionality, to provide some context for the consultation on
regional TV production and future discussions in this area
• Our regional analysis is largely informed by an analysis of the PSB’s original output covering the following topics:
‒ The location of production companies – who are the PSBs commissioning programmes from?
‒ The location of individual productions – where are PSB programmes being made?
‒ The impact of recent broadcaster policies relating to regionality, namely the BBC’s move to Salford and
growth in Channel 4’s out-of-England quotas
4Glossary
• External producers: production companies not wholly owned by a broadcaster; for the purposes of this study of
PSB output, this essentially covers all producers expect for the in-house production arms of the BBC, ITV and
Channel 5
• Location of producer: the location of the main office of a production company. If a company has multiple offices,
we have used their main contact address as this is likely to be their main point of business and employment. If a
directly sourced address cannot be found for a producer, we have instead used their registered office address
• Broadcaster reported location: the regional location where an individual strand was reportedly produced
according to Ofcom’s ‘Made outside London’ (MoL) criteria – the three criteria are based on the location of
substantive production company bases, where the production budget is spent and where off-screen talent is hired
from*. Please note that this may be different than the actual physical location of a particular production. Our
source for broadcaster reported location is Ofcom’s ‘Made Outside London programme titles register’ which
provides a regional location for all MoL PSB originations in a given year
• Production groups: companies which own multiple separate production companies; these are often large, global
companies with interests across production, distribution and broadcasting. For one slide later on in this report, we
have used the location of the head office of the group (defined as their international headquarters) for group-
owned producers rather than the location of the individual producer
5
* See Ofcom’s ‘Regional production and regional programme definitions’ for more detail on MoL criteria and classificationsContents 1. Introduction 2. UK production sector overview 3. Regional analysis 4. Impact of previous broadcaster policies 5. Conclusion
The UK TV industry generated over £13.6bn in 2017 from a variety of sources
Over half of UK TV revenues were reinvested into content in 2017, though a significant proportion of this was spent
on sports rights
UK TV industry’s flow of funds, 2017
£m
14,000 13,650
900 Other Cable / DSAT
1,910 gross margins
12,000 Public Other
2,500 funding 600 fees 11,140
1,630 Profit
10,000
3,880 NAR Multi- 1,960 SGA & T Acquisitions
8,000 channels 5,900 7,540 / Repeats Film
570 rights
530
6,000
Sports
rights 3,380
4,000 Commercial
PSBs 2,740 3,070
6,370 Pay TV Sports News
production 260 420
1,560 External
2,000
Publicly funded 2,500
channels 2,390
1,500 In-house
0
Total revenues Broadcasting Content spend Other
revenues origination
spend
Note: “In-house” programming is commissioned from and produced by internal, broadcaster-owned production companies. “External” programming is produced
by external, usually independent, production companies. Totals may not equal the sum of components due to rounding 7
Source: Ofcom, Broadcasters, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisPSB spend on new originations has remained relatively constant
Though there has been a small increase since the downturn in 2009, spend on originations across the PSB channels
has been consistent – this is matched by volume of originations which has also been very steady
PSB network spend on first-run UK originations by channel, 2008 - 2017
£m
3,000 • Pressures on the licence fee have
meant that BBC’s spend on
2,599 originations has remained flat.
2,509 2,536 2,521 2,500
2,463 2,449 2,459
2,500
2,342 213
2,413 166 ITV’s spend has also stayed broadly
196 213 193 129 137 BBC Portfolio
208 210 flat as it seeks to improve margins
96 100 224 101 112 133 Channel 5
185 62 95 88 amidst shrinking viewership
69 441
2,000 387 320 385 377 403
372 440 Channel 4
341 382
• Channel 4 and Channel 5 spend has
increased slightly recently, possibly
1,500
769
749 756 774 749 buoyed by a healthy ad market
696 733 782 728 ITV
750 (pre-referendum) and attempts to
gain share
1,000 307 303
286
308 312 322 272
286 291 292 BBC2 • The PSB channels generally account
for at least two-thirds of total
500 investment in UK production, with
816 797 770 810
752 738 719 696 720 730 BBC1 the remaining third coming from
multichannels, international
0 broadcasters and SVOD services
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Prices expressed in nominal terms 8
Source: Ofcom PSB Report, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisHowever, original spending from multichannels has been rising rapidly
In contrast to the PSBs, the UK content spend of multichannel broadcasters has grown substantially in recent years;
this has benefitted both the independent sector and producers owned by these broadcaster groups
Total spend on UK content by COBA members – 2009 - 2013 • COBA members, which include almost all of
£m the major multichannel groups, have been
800 rapidly increasing their spend on UK content,
725 especially on first-run, original shows
4 Re-versioning
700 651 665
8 3 124 Secondary rights • This has been driven by the proliferation of
600 122 digital multichannels and the growing share of
122
viewing that they attract
487 475
500
5 5 • Spend has continued to grow quickly in recent
94 103 years too; spend on all network TV
400
multichannel content* has grown from £757m
300
in 2014 to £1,176m in 2017 while independent
597 First-run
522 540 producers have reported that their revenue
200
from multichannel commissions has roughly
387 367 doubled since 2010
100
• Similarly, the content spend of commercial PSB
portfolio channels has grown from £269m to
0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
£344m over the same period
Note: *excluding sports channels; this may also not be directly comparable to the chart above as the COBA census only covers COBA members, which
broadcast the majority of, but not all, multichannels in the UK 9
Source: COBA 2014 Census, Ofcom CMR, Pact Census, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisThere is unlikely to be sustained downward pressure on commercial content spend
TV ad spending dropped in 2017, which could put pressure on content budgets of the commercial FTA broadcasters,
however, there is evidence that current pressure is cyclical, rather than indicative of broader structural change
UK TV advertising spending, spots and sponsorship, 2001 - 2019
£m
6,000 Slowdown in TV ad spending – creating
The TV ad market is uncertainty in the UK content market Forecast
susceptible to cyclicality
– which can put pressure
5,000
on content spending
4,000
3,000
Recent pressure is likely to be cyclical rather
than indicative of structural change (for now).
Major TV advertising sectors such as motors,
2,000
retail, and food have been under pressure –
and some are now showing signs of recovery
1,000
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018* 2019
Note: *2018 is based on actuals for Q1 and forecasts for the remaining quarters 10
Source: AA/WARC, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisPSBs are shifting spend slightly towards non-scripted programming
The major broadcasters are spending more on factual and entertainment programmes as these genres are often
able to drive live viewing at a more efficient cost than drama
PSB spend on first-run UK originations by genre, 2006 - 2017
£m; prices in nominal terms
600 • Spending on new factual programmes
Factual* has grown much faster than other
genres over the past decade. Spending
500 on entertainment and soaps is also
growing steadily
Entertainment
400 • Factual and Entertainment are expected
to continue to thrive on TV in the future
News & current affairs as they can drive live viewing and are a
300 Drama
key differentiator from global on-
Soaps demand services.
200
• In contrast, TV broadcasters will find it
hard to compete with the drama
100
investment of these services; though
Comedy
PSB drama spend has been relatively
constant since a large drop pre-2011
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: *includes Specialist Factual, General Factual and Factual Entertainment 11
Source: Ofcom PSB report, Broadcasters, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisSpend on UK scripted has been supplemented by international commissions
The UK’s high-end TV tax relief has attracted a growing amount of overseas investment into UK drama, helping to
bolster stagnant PSB spend. The sector broadly expects UK tax reliefs to continue for the foreseeable future
UK spend on high-end TV programmes produced in the UK • UK high-end TV tax relief, up to 25% of
£m UK spend on productions costing over
1,000 938 £1m per broadcast hour, has attracted
882 861 increasing investment from overseas
900
800 • Global SVOD services are some of the
key commissioners, and their spend is
700 658
455 rising as their scope and need for original
600 Co-productions & content continues to grows
537 684
inward investment
500
434
318 • Most of these high-end productions are
400
premium scripted drama shows
300 261 • Though UK producers will be involved in
some of the high-end inward investment
200 427
340 324
projects, this spend will often be
100
254 Domestic UK associated with or controlled by
173
international companies producing parts
0 of their show in the UK
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: ‘Domestic UK’ – an indigenous UK production made by a UK production company and produced wholly or partly in the UK; ‘Inward investment’ – a
production which is substantially financed and controlled from outside the UK. Total spend on HETV includes programmes commissioned, produced or
co-produced by UK broadcasters, but also covers internationally-controlled productions (e.g. Game of Thrones, Outlander, Krypton) 12
Source: BFI, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRising external producer revenues have been driven by international sources
The external production sector has grown over the last decade, primarily driven by international spending. Revenues
have also been strengthened by Terms of Trade which allow for retention and exploitation of rights, esp. abroad
UK production company TV revenues (excluding those wholly owned by PSBs), by type and source
£ million
3,000
2,631
2,530 2,504 Other TV income
2,500 2,376 2,343 218 Secondary rights
2,299 211 213
152 167 International
174
2,005 549 Primary commissions
1,940 1,945 1,937 301 430 468
2,000 289
136 324
78 101 128
161 Other TV income
166
248 217 364 208 258 228 Secondary rights
184 232
106
1,500 117 381 236
158 139 240 222 259 Primary commissions
162 173 275 (multichannels)
130
163
1,000
United Kingdom
1,350 1,299 1,286 1,350 1,328 1,294 Primary commissions
1,233 1,226 1,229
500 1,084 (PSB networks)
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: ‘Primary commissions’ revenue is generated by the sale of primary rights of a new production to the associated commissioner. International commissions
usually come from major overseas broadcasters or global SVOD services. International ‘Secondary rights’ are largely derived from international sales of
finished programmes and international format sales. ‘Other income’ includes pre-production and revenues not attributable to other categories. 13
Source: Pact UK Television Production Census 2017, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisThe BBC’s and ITV’s production and distribution arms are also performing well
BBC’s and ITV’s distribution arms have been growing recently, likely due to the emergence and growth of SVOD
services. The UK production sector, covering both in-house and external, generates about £5bn of revenue per year
BBC TV production and rights revenue ITV Studios revenue • Both the BBC’s and ITV’s
£m £m TV production businesses
1,800 are growing; though ITV’s
1,582 growth has been boosted
1,600 significantly by acquisitions
Global Entertainment
1,395 187
+ BBC Studios (Distribution arm) We estimate that acquisitions
1,400 external†
1,272 1,237 accounted for over £200m of
179
1,200 1,147 1,164 growth between 2015 and 2017
157 ITV America &
422 703 Studios RoW
1,000
384 423
BBC Worldwide (Int’l production) • Distribution revenue has
content sales* 590
533
risen in both cases, likely
800
due to the growing spend
600 and competition among
SVOD services
400 850 In-house BBC Studios UK
763 741
commission spend
547
626 692
(UK production) • Combined with the
200 external sector, UK
producers generate about
0 £5bn of revenue per year
2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017
Note: * ‘BBC Worldwide content sales’ are stated for financial years 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18 finishing at the end of March
† BBC Studios also competes for external commissions though this activity was relatively limited in 2017, its first year as a commercial entity 14
Source: BBC Worldwide Annual Report, ITV Annual Report, Ofcom PSB Annual Report, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisProduction activity in the nations and regions is primarily driven by the PSBs
The production sector in Northern England (which includes major BBC and ITV in-house production units) is the most
active nations and regions area, though it is still smaller than London where roughly £2 billion is spent per year
Estimated UK TV originations spend by region, 2017
£m • The majority of spend outside London comes
600
from the PSBs. Inward investment from
543
Other UK broadcasters
overseas may add to regional spending as
16
500
26 Commercial PSB portfolio well, but this spend is likely to be more
64 London-centric than PSB expenditure
Channel 5
400 59 Channel 4 • Nations and regions productions are usually
made out of a production office outside
London, though this can either be the head
300 289 office of the company or a secondary office
191 ITV 20
9 of a producer otherwise based in London
223
58
20
200 10 175
15
65
54
63 Regional channel*
100 44 26
74 183 BBC 65 29 PSB – Non-network
42 87 29 91
67 PSB – Network
0 19 24
Midlands & Northern Southern Northern Scotland Wales
East England England Ireland
Note: *includes BBC Alba and S4C. PSB non-network programming is nations’ and regions’ programming that is shown only in specific areas of the UK – the
majority of non-network programming in the English regions is local news and current affairs content, accounting for over 98% of spend 15
Source: Ofcom Media Nations Report, Pact UK Television Production Census 2017, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisPSB spending outside of London has dropped after a long period of growth
Made-outside-London (MoL) PSB spending has been falling since 2014, having grown consistently before that, partly
driven by a drop in the amount of sports output being made outside London. Northern England, boosted by the BBC
Salford move, and Scotland have seen the most growth while spend in Southern England fell significantly in 2016
PSB spend on first-run, network originations by region of production
% of qualifying spend
100% 2% 1% 2% Other
3% 3% 3% 2% 3% 3% Northern Ireland
4% 5% 4% 3% 3% 4% 3% 3% Wales
5% 4% 5% 4%
90% 9% 10% 10% 6% 6% 6% Scotland
11%
13% 12% 8%
15% 13% 14% 10% Southern England
80% 14%
18% 17% 17% 15%
70% 15%
17% 20% 22% 20% Northern England
6% 6% 7% 23% 20%
7% 3% 20%
60% 3% 3% 2% 1% Midlands & East
2% 1%
2%
50%
40%
30% 63% 63% 61% 61% 61%
57% 55% 54% 57% 57% London
52% 52%
20%
10%
0%
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Qualifying spend excludes national news and sports rights (we estimate that total PSB qualifying spend has been relatively consistent at just under £2
billion, in nominal prices, over the past decade). Regions allocated based on Ofcom criteria 16
Source: Ofcom PSB Annual Compliance Report, Ofcom PSB Annual Report, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisBBC and Channel 4 MoL spend has grown, in contrast to the other PSBs
Increases to BBC and Channel 4 MoL spend has been driven by growing quotas and office relocations – this trend is
likely to continue with Channel 4 increasing their regional presence and the BBC responding to new Ofcom quotas.
Channel 5’s MoL spend has gradually declined; their extra investment in originations has mostly stayed within London
Spend on network originations (exc. News) by region and broadcaster; 2008 vs 2017
% of qualifying spend Multi Nation/Region
100% 4% 2% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% Nations
8% 9% 13% English regions
90%
18%
30%
80% 37% 31%
27%
48% 34%
70%
29%
60%
50%
86% London
40%
65% 68% 66%
30% 62%
55%
49% 50%
20%
10%
0%
2008 2017 2008 2017 2008 2017 2008 2017
BBC ITV Channel 4 Channel 5
Note: ‘Multi Nation/Region’ are productions deemed to have been made out-of-London but did not meet Ofcom’s criteria in any one nation/region 17
Source: Ofcom PSB Annual Compliance Report, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisSimilarly, BBC and Channel 4 also have the highest shares of out-of-London hours
The share of hours being made outside London is larger than share of spend on the BBC and Channel 4 suggesting that
their out-of-London strands are predominantly lower value, higher volume productions - this seems to be a recent
trend for the BBC. In contrast, ITV and Channel 5 shares of spend and hours are much closer
Hours of network originations (exc. News) by region and broadcaster; 2008 vs 2017
% of qualifying hours Multi Nation/Region
100% 1% 1% 0% 3% 2% 1% 1% Nations
5%
12% 10% English regions
90% 17%
23%
80% 28%
43% 38%
50%
70%
43%
60%
37%
50%
89% London
40% 83%
67%
30% 57% 59%
50%
20% 40% 43%
10%
0%
2008 2017 2008 2017 2008 2017 2008 2017
BBC ITV Channel 4 Channel 5
Note: ‘Multi Nation/Region’ are productions deemed to have been made out-of-London but did not meet Ofcom’s criteria in any one nation/region 18
Source: Ofcom PSB Annual Compliance Report, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisThe production sector is dominated by companies primarily based in London
Producers with their primary base in London account for almost 90% of independent sector turnover. The total
revenues of nations and regions producers are broadly growing, from £241m in 2015 to £269m in 2017, but a
diminishing share is coming from indigenous out-of-London companies
Independent TV production sector revenues by location of producer
% of market revenue
100% Other • Nearly 90% of independent sector
4% 4% Wales Scotland
West revenues are generated by
90% 4%
4% 4% 4% North-West South-East producers who are primarily based
4%
80%
in London
70% • The Broadcast Indie Survey reported regional
revenues, from indies based outside London, of
60%
£269m for 2017; though only 27% of this (and
50% thus only 3% of total sector revenues) came
85% 86% 89% 88% 89% London from standalone, qualifying indies
40%
• This is a symptom of consolidation in the
30% sector, both in terms of large production groups
20% and broadcaster ownership (50% of regional
companies in the latest Broadcast Indie Survey
10% are non-qualifying indies, up from 0% in 2014)
0%
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Analysis only covers the companies that completed the Broadcast Indie Survey in that year 19
Source: Broadcast Indie Survey, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisContents 1. Introduction 2. UK production sector overview 3. Regional analysis 4. Impact of previous broadcaster policies 5. Conclusion
Regional analysis by location of producer
This first section of our regional analysis is based on the location of the main office of each producer; though this is
not comparable to PSB licence requirements, it provides good insight into the regionality of the production industry
• In order to analyse the regionality of PSB output, we have coded our Producer Programme database (which covers
BBC1, BBC2, ITV1, Channel 4 and Channel 5) against a list of main office locations for each producer and Ofcom’s
‘Made Outside London programme titles register’. This first section of our regional analysis is based on the former
• In this section, regions are based on ITV regions and the main location base of the production company at an
individual company level (with one exception later on where we use the location of the production group’s head
office instead for those companies in a large production group). Production companies in our database are based
on the credited producer for each programme, we have coded the location of distinct production units (e.g. RDF
West, rather than RDF) separately when they have been credited
• This analysis of production base location does not necessarily reflect location of actual production so it is not
comparable with Ofcom’s PSB licence requirements. We also only focus on external producers (i.e. excluding all
output produced by the BBC’s, ITV’s and Channel 5’s production arms) as the main base of large in-house
producers with offices across the country can be difficult to define
• However, analysis of producer location offers useful insight into the composition of the production industry and
the PSB’s activity with regionally-based producers – something which is difficult to glean from Ofcom’s compliance
reporting which includes regional productions from London-based producers
21External producers deliver over a half of original PSB output
The volume of first-run, original hours on the five main PSB channels has remained relatively consistent. External
producers, our focus for ‘location of producer’ analysis, have delivered a relatively consistent number of hours
Volume of PSB network originations by type of producer – 2008 - 2017
Number of first-run hours
13,819
14,000 13,353 13,356 101 13,133
12,958 12,827 13,042 13,195 • The levels of in-house and
14
18 22 12,828 40 96 Channel 5
12,180 12 14 43 in-house external production on the five
12,000 2,339 15 3,082
2,856 2,840 2,610 2,909 2,808
2,958
3,018
main PSB channels has been
ITV Studios
2,355 consistent over the past decade
10,000 though ITV Studios output has
3,934 grown, driven by acquisitions
3,519 3,442 3,932 3,966 3,604
8,000 3,586 3,943 3,481 3,882 BBC in-house
• The following section of our
analysis, on the location of
6,000 producers, focuses on external
production as the main base of
4,000 a large in-house producer with
7,066 6,895 6,821 External
6,224 6,146 6,492 6,094 6,425 6,670 6,414 producers offices across the country can
2,000 be difficult to define
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, as defined by Ofcom 22
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations by location of producer
The majority of external PSB originations are produced by London-based producers. The level of regional activity has
increased slightly over recent years; the North-West, South-East, West and Scotland are the most prominent regions
External PSB network originations by location of producer – 2008, 2013 - 2017
% of first-run hours
7,066 (53%) 6,821 (52%) 6,094 (48%) 6,425 (48%) 6,670 (48%) 6,414 (49%) Total hours (% of all originations)
100% 4% 3% 4%
4% 4% Other
9% 4% 4% 2% 4% 4% Scotland ‘Other’ includes Anglia,
3% 3% 3% 3% 2%
90% 2% 3% 2% 3% 3% West Central Midlands, Isle of
2% 3% 4% 3% South-East
5% 4% 3% North-West Man, North-East, Northern
80% 2% Ireland, Wales, West
Country, Yorkshire and
70% producers of unknown
location
60%
Regions Nations
50%
2008 17% 2%
85% 85% 84% 84% 83% London
40% 81%
2013 11% 4%
30% 2014 10% 5%
20% 2015 12% 4%
10% 2016 12% 4%
2017 12% 5%
0%
2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes BBC portfolio channels and programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded
Based on main location of credited producer, this is not directly comparable to the substantive base criteria in Ofcom’s compliance reporting 23
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations by location of producer – BBC1 & BBC2
The BBC’s share of originations coming from regional producers has increased steadily in recent years, though there
was a slight reversion in 2017 partly due to the loss of a few daytime strands previously made in Scotland; despite
this, there has also been an overall shift from South-East to Scotland-based producers
External PSB network originations by location of producer – BBC – 2008, 2013 - 2017
% of first-run hours
2,100 (34%) 2,401 (39%) 1,698 (29%) 1,983 (33%) 1,892 (31%) 2,027 (35%) Total hours (% of all originations)
100% 3% 3% 4% Other
7% 5% 4%
4% 6% 4% Scotland Regions Nations
3% 8% 6%
90% 4% 4% 2% West
3% 4% 2% South-East 2008 11% 2%
2%
80% North-West
2013 7% 6%
70% 2014 7% 8%
60% 2015 10% 6%
2016 7% 10%
50%
88% 87% 86% London 2017 6% 8%
85% 84% 83%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes BBC portfolio channels and programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded
Based on main location of credited producer, this is not directly comparable to the substantive base criteria in Ofcom’s compliance reporting 24
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations by location of producer – ITV
ITV has a slightly higher share of external originations coming from regional producers compared to the BBC; in ITV’s
case most of this comes from the West, largely due to Dickinson’s Real Deal, and also the South-East in 2017,
boosted by James Martin-fronted programmes such as Saturday Morning with James Martin
External PSB network originations by location of producer – ITV – 2008, 2013 - 2017
% of first-run hours
1,002 (34%) 990 (30%) 966 (30%) 880 (27%) 850 (26%) 840 (26%) Total hours (% of all originations)
100% 3% 3% Other
5% 6% 5% 5% 3% Scotland Regions Nations
90% 5% West
4% 13% 8%
13% 15% 10% 2008 13% 5%
4% 7% South-East
80% 3% 3%
2% 2013 21% 1%
3% North-West
70% 2014 23% 2%
60% 2015 19% 3%
2016 19% 1%
50%
2017 17% 4%
40% 82% 78% 79% 80% 79% London
75%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded
Based on main location of credited producer, this is not directly comparable to the substantive base criteria in Ofcom’s compliance reporting 25
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations by location of producer – Channel 4
An increasing share of Channel 4 originations are coming from regional producers; Channel 4 now has the largest
share of out-of-London originations among the PSBs. Almost all of the North-West output is associated with
Hollyoaks while most other important regionally-sourced strands are property/lifestyle factual shows
External PSB network originations by location of producer – Channel 4 – 2008, 2013 - 2017
% of first-run hours
2,184 (92%) 2,260 (87%) 2,168 (87%) 2,214 (84%) 2,441 (87%) 2,111 (85%) Total hours (% of all originations)
100% 3% 2% 4% 4% 7% Other
3% 4% 3% 3% Regions Nations
13% 1% 1% 1%
90% 6% 2% 5% Scotland West
6% 10% 2008 24% 3%
2% 8% 4% South-East
80% 7%
8% North-West 2013 11% 4%
5%
70% 2014 9% 5%
60% 2015 14% 4%
2016 15% 4%
50%
85% 86% 2017 19% 6%
40% 81% 81%
73% 75% London
30%
20%
10%
0%
2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded
Based on main location of credited producer, this is not directly comparable to the substantive base criteria in Ofcom’s compliance reporting 26
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations by location of producer – Channel 5
Channel 5 has the largest share of originations coming from London-based producers, the share had levelled off in
recent years but jumped up again in 2017. Regional production has decreased significantly since 2008 as ‘Trisha’,
previously produced in Anglia, is no longer being commissioned
External PSB network originations by location of producer – Channel 5 – 2008, 2013 - 2017
% of first-run hours
1,781 (97%) 1,171 (97%) 1,262 (94%) 1,348 (95%) 1,487 (93%) 1,436 (91%) Total hours (% of all originations)
100% [inc. Anglia 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% Other
10% = 7%] 5% 3% 4% 5% Scotland Regions Nations
West
90% 5% South-East
5% North-West 2008 17% 1%
80% 2013 8% 6%
70% 2014 6% 2%
60% 2015 9% 1%
2016 9% 0%
50%
92% 90% 90% 94% London
86% 2017 6% 0%
40% 82%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded
Based on main location of credited producer, this is not directly comparable to the substantive base criteria in Ofcom’s compliance reporting 27
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations by location of producer and genre
A high level of Entertainment and Comedy originations were made by London-based producers in 2016, likely partly
because these genres require studio facilities. Factual genres tend to have the highest shares of regional production
External PSB network originations by location of producer and genre – 2017
% of first-run hours
28 90 113 138 291 1,126 1,246 2,093 164 272 822 Total hours
(48%) (58%) (83%) (17%) (60%) (50%) (67%) (53%) (27%) (53%) (37%) (% of all originations)
100% 1% 4% Out-of-London
12% 9% 11%
90% 19% 19% 23%
24%
80% 36%
70%
60%
50% 99% 100%
96% London
88% 91% 89%
40% 81% 81% 77%
76%
30% 64%
20%
10%
0%
Arts & Children's Comedy Current Drama (exc. Enter- Factual Ent. General Soaps Specialist Sport
Classical Affairs Soaps) tainment Factual Factual
Music
Note: Excludes BBC portfolio channels and programmes made by in-house producers
100% of soaps were made by producers based out-of-London as Hollyoaks, made by Lime Pictures, was the only externally-produced soap 28
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisNumber of active external producers in 2016 across the five main channels
The number of producers making programmes for the PSBs has grown recently after hitting a low point in 2014; this
growth has come relatively equally from both in and out of London
Number of active production companies by region – 2008, 2013 - 2017
2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 * In this table, an active
producer is one which has
Anglia 7 2 1 3 4 2 ▼ produced any first-run,
Central Midlands 6 2 2 3 4 2 ▼ original content broadcast on
Isle of Man 1 0 0 0 0 0 ▼ the five main PSB channels in
that calendar year
London 223 211 177 174 195 208 —
North East 6 1 3 2 2 2 ▼ The internal production arms
North West 9 7 12 8 8 8 — of BBC, ITV and Channel 5
have been excluded from this
Northern Ireland 5 2 6 7 7 6 —
analysis
Scotland 8 12 12 9 16 20 ▲
South East 32 26 25 26 21 23 ▼
Wales 7 12 11 10 10 13 ▲
West 19 19 13 16 14 14 ▼
West Country 3 3 2 1 3 3 —
Yorkshire 7 6 3 4 5 6 —
Unknown 22 15 15 20 15 21 —
Total 355 318 282 283 304 328 —
Note: *Arrow shown if change between 2008 and 2017 was greater than 20%. Large production groups are only counted once in each region in which they
are active. Excludes BBC portfolio channels and programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded. 29
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations from new producers
In 2017, PSB originations from new producers came from a range of regions, however these shares are highly variable
and often reliant on only a few strands due to the low number of new producers. For example, almost all of ITV’s
original output from new producers came from James Martin-fronted shows produced by Blue Marlin in 2017
PSB network originations from new producers by location of producer – 2017
% of first-run hours
173 64 83 34 354 Total hours
100% 3%
4% 5% 7% 3% 5% Other We have classified ‘new
3% Yorkshire
6% 3% Wales producers’ as those who
90% 9% 8% 5% Scotland
6% 3% West produced an original
6% 5% show on any of the five
80%
3% 17% South-East main channels for the
70% first time in 2017
North-West
60% Some of these numbers
have changed a lot since
50% 86% 2014, when it was last
measured in ‘Trends in
40% 82% 81% TV Production’, due to
74% the low number of
67% London original hours being
30%
commissioned from new
20% external producers
10%
7%
0%
BBC ITV C4 C5 All PSBs
Note: Excludes BBC portfolio channels and programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded
‘Other’ includes Anglia, Central Midlands, Isle of Man, North-East, West Country, Northern Ireland and companies of unknown location 30
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations from new producers over time
ITV and Channel 5 broadcast fewer original hours from new producers than the BBC and Channel 4, as such their
out-of-London share and regional breakdown is highly variable year-on-year
PSB network originations from new producers by location of producer – 2014 - 2017
% of first-run hours Scotland Wales North-West
58 73 178 173 50 23 67 64 54 59 176 83 47 41 80 34 Total hours
100% 3% Other
4% 5% 5% 4% 7% 6% 3% Yorkshire
12% 6% 12% 10% 14%
90% 16% 8% 8% 8% West
9% 11%
29% 4% 6% 4%
32% 31% 5% South-East
80% 4% 7% 6%
13%
10% 4%
70% 24%
6% 30%
7%
60% 13%
30%
50% 86%
95% 14%
41%
82% 86% 84%
40% 79% 81% London
72% 74%
62% 65%
30% 59%
53%
20% 40%
34%
10% 23%
7%
0%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
BBC ITV Channel 4 Channel 5
Note: Excludes BBC portfolio channels and programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded
‘Other’ includes Anglia, Central Midlands, Isle of Man, North-East, West Country, Northern Ireland and companies of unknown location 31
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations from new producers over time
In total across the five main PSB channels, there has been an increased number of original hours coming from new
producers in the past few years. A consistent portion of these hours has come from new producers primarily based
outside London with the South-East being a particularly active region
PSB network originations from new producers by location of producer – 2008, 2013 - 2017
% of first-run hours
423 214 209 196 501 354 Total hours
100%
7% 7% 5% Other
12% 3% Wales
90% 2% 20% 18% 2%
3% 5% Scotland
8% 1% 3% Yorkshire
5% 5% West
80% 1% 2%
9% 4% 4% 17% South-East
6%
70% 6% 10%
2% 7% North-West
60%
17%
50%
4%
40% 79% 80%
65% 67% London
30% 63%
20% 44%
10%
0%
2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes BBC portfolio channels and programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded
‘Other’ includes Anglia, Central Midlands, Isle of Man, North-East, West Country, Northern Ireland and companies of unknown location 32
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations – New & returning series
An ever increasing share of new series have been coming from regional producers. In contrast, a smaller proportion
of returning series are made by regional producers – those that are typically come from the main production regions
outside of London (North-West, South-East and Scotland), driven by high-volume, established strands
External PSB network originations by location of producer and new/returning – 2015 - 2017
% of first-run hours
New series Returning series
1,626 1,782 1,699 4,799 4,887 4,716 Total hours
100% Other
6% 5% 6% 2% 4% 2% Yorkshire
3% 2% 2% 2% 3% Scotland
2% 3% 2%
90% 3% 4% 7%
3% 3% 5% 5% 4% North-West
3% 4% West
80% 3% 4% South-East
1% 6%
1%
70%
60%
50%
85% 85% 86% London
40% 80% 79%
75%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2015 2016 2017 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes BBC portfolio channels and programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded 33
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of external PSB originations (location of head office for groups)
When accounting for the location of the head offices of large production groups (rather than the location of
subsidiaries), the share of PSB network originations being made by London-based or global companies goes up to
nearly 90% though this has seemingly started to decrease despite consolidation in the sector
External PSB network originations by location of producer / group head office – 2008, 2013 - 2017
% of first-run hours
7,066 6,821 6,094 6,425 6,670 6,414 Total hours Here we have reclassified
100% 3% 2% 2% 3% 4% Other the location of producers
8% 5% 4% 4% 5% which are part of a
3% 2% 5% Wales
90% 3% 3% 3% Scotland production group to the
13% West location of the group’s
South-East
80% North-West head office
70% Some large production
47% 41% 35% International groups are based
45% 48%
60% 30% internationally (e.g.
EndemolShine, Warner,
50% Banijay, etc.) while the
rest are in London. The
40% sole notable exception is
Tinopolis in Wales
30%
49% London Regions Nations
44% 42% 42% 45%
20% 40% 2008 12% 14%
2013 5% 8%
10% 2014 5% 8%
2015 5% 6%
0% 2016 5% 9%
2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2017 7% 9%
Note: Excludes BBC portfolio channels and programmes made by in-house producers. All News and Other programming are also excluded 34
Source: Attentional, BARB, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegional analysis by location of production, as reported by broadcasters
Our analysis of the location of individual strands is informed by Ofcom’s ‘Made Outside London programme titles
register’. This is broadly comparable with Ofcom’s compliance reporting
• The second section of our regional analysis is based on the location of production as defined in Ofcom’s ‘Made
Outside London programme titles’ register. In order to do this, we identified and matched programmes from this
register, which the broadcasters reported as being ‘made outside London’ (meeting at least two out of the three
MoL criteria: substantive base, production budget and off-screen talent), against our database
• This allows a full analysis of the regionality of all PSB originations, both in-house and external, according to the
actual locations of production
• This method is broadly comparable with the reported regionality of output hours in Ofcom’s PSB compliance
report; however, our numbers may not match up completely due to these differences:
‒ Our work does not cover the BBC portfolio channels; these channels will have a smaller impact on overall
trends though due to their lower volume and spend on original output
‒ We are unable to match sub-components of shows (e.g. One Show Inserts) from the register to our database;
however, instances of separate programme sub-components in the register are rare
‒ We have decided to exclude ‘Other’ programming to make our analysis more reflective of PSB commissioning.
High-volume ‘Other’ programmes can often skew volume trends but are usually placed at the fringes of the
schedule and have limited audience impact; for example, ITV Nightscreen, which was broadcast for about 560
hours on ITV1 in 2017, greatly boosts ITV’s output from the Midlands & East
• As per the previous section, our work only reflects volume of original hours and not spend
Note: ‘Other’ programming only covers channel information/previews during overnight downtime, e.g. ‘ITV Nightscreen’ and ‘This Is BBC Two’, and late night 35
gaming or teleshopping segments, e.g. ‘Super Casino’, ‘Jackpot247’ and ‘The Zone: QVC’Regionality of PSB originations by reported location
Approximately 40% of first-run originations on the five main PSB channels, covering both in-house and external
productions, are made outside of London according to regional production definitions; this has generally been slowly
decreasing since 2014. Northern England, Southern England and Scotland are the main regional production hubs
Volume of first-run PSB network originations by reported location – 2014 - 2017
% of first-run hours Total hours
12,828 13,356 13,819 13,133 Other (multi-region)
100% 1% 2% Wales
2% 2% These numbers may not match those
7% 6% 7% 8% Scotland
90% reported by the broadcasters in the Ofcom
Northern Ireland
8% PSB compliance report for multiple
11% 10% 10% Southern England reasons:
80%
20% ‒ This graph does not cover BBC portfolio
70% 21% 20% 18% Northern England
channels
60% 2% 2% Midlands & East
2% 1% ‒ ‘Other’ programming (e.g. ITV
Nightscreen, made in Midlands & East)
50% has been excluded
40% ‒ Methodological differences and
broadcast data constraints. For example,
30% 57% 58% 60% 59% London it is not possible for us to identify and
match components of a show (e.g. One
20% Show inserts) to different regions.
10%
0%
2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, and BBC portfolio channels 36
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of PSB originations by reported location – Broadcasters
Around 50% of BBC and Channel 4 original hours are produced outside of London, in contrast ITV and Channel 5 only
reach about 30% and 10% respectively with very little coming from the nations; these numbers have been consistent
since 2014. Our distributions may not match Ofcom’s compliance reporting due to methodological differences
Volume of first-run PSB network originations by reported location and broadcaster – 2014 - 2017
% of first-run hours
BBC (BBC1 & BBC2) ITV Channel 4 Channel 5
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
London 46% 50% 51% 50% 71% 68% 72% 73% 47% 48% 47% 46% 90% 90% 91% 87%
Midlands &
East 2% 2% 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 1% 7% 3% 3% 3% 1% 2%
Northern
England 27% 21% 19% 20% 17% 22% 23% 21% 24% 27% 26% 18% 1% 2% 3% 4%
Southern
England 7% 9% 8% 9% 12% 10% 5% 6% 19% 14% 12% 20% 6% 5% 4% 6%
Northern
Ireland 2% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0%
Scotland 13% 11% 14% 14% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 6% 5% 8% 1% 0% 0% 1%
Wales 3% 4% 4% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 2% 2% 2% 0% 0% 1% 1%
Other 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, and BBC portfolio channels. Due to these exclusions and other methodological differences (explained on
the previous slide), these percentages may not match the distribution of hours of qualifying productions reported in the Ofcom Compliance Report 37
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisVolume of MoL originations by broadcaster and type of producer
Total first-run MoL hours across the five main channels dropped slightly in 2017. Both the BBC’s and ITV’s MoL output
is dominated by in-house production, especially ITV whose in-house MoL output is boosted by soaps (e.g. Coronation
Street, Emmerdale) and key daytime strands (e.g. The Jeremy Kyle Show, Judge Rinder)
Volume of first-run PSB MoL originations by type of producer – 2014 - 2017
Number of first-run hours
3,500 6,000
5,497 5,583 5,538
3,137 5,341
3,058
2,985
3,000 181 130 2,914
224 5,000 1,124 1,258 1,207
150 1,127 ITV Studios
2,500
4,000
2,000 1,899 1,703 BBC in-house
2,263
2,011 1,703 2,263 2,011
1,899 3,000
1,487
1,500 1,309 1,363 1,334
197
1,020 184 241 217 2,000
1,000 920 916 885
2,432 2,511 External
886 1,290 1,000 2,110 2,315
500 917
1,060 753 776 742 1,125 1,122 1,117
862
693 142 150 208
131
167 134 140 143 125 142 140 190
0 0
'14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17
BBC ITV Channel 4 Channel 5 Total
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, and BBC portfolio channels 38
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of PSB originations by reported location – In-house & External
Roughly 50% of BBC original hours are made outside London across both in-house and external producers, whereas
ITV’s external originations are more likely to be made in London compared to their internal output
Volume of first-run PSB network originations by reported location and in-house/external – 2017
% of first-run hours
BBC (BBC1 & BBC2) ITV
100%
3,600 2,222 2,394 851 Total hours • A very similar level of BBC
Other 2%
5% 2% Wales originations are made outside
3% 16% Southern England
90% London across in-house and
7%
28% 1% Northern England external producers; whereas for
80% 31% Scotland
ITV the share is higher in-house
70% 28%
Northern Ireland • Regional breakdown is very
60% 12% different, this is partly driven by
long running strands:
50% 6%
Midlands & East ‒ Scotland is prevalent among
40% 83% London
external BBC shows due to
69% sports (Snooker) and daytime
30%
53% strands (Antiques Road Trip,
46% Eggheads)
20%
‒ Northern England within ITV
10%
in-house is primarily boosted
0% by soaps (Coronation Street,
In-house External In-house External Emmerdale)
Note: Excludes News and Other programming 39
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisVolume of MoL programming by genre
A large amount of MoL PSB programming is sports content (especially in comparison to total PSB originations), a
sizeable proportion of this is live coverage of events not taking place in the production location reported by the
broadcasters. However, sports’ share has dropped recently in favour of general factual programming
Volume of first-run PSB MoL originations by genre – 2014 - 2017 All first-run PSB network originations
% of first-run hours
5,497 5,583 5,538 5,341 Total hours 12,828 13,356 13,819 13,133
100% Other genres
90% 17%
22% 18% 20%
27% Sport
80% 35% 33%
40% 3% 4%
3% 4%
70% Specialist Factual
5%
4% 4%
60% 22% 28% 30%
28%
4%
24% General Factual
50% 19% 20%
15%
40% 16% 14% 13% 14%
11% 10% 10% 11% Factual Entertainment
30%
14% 15% 15% 15% Entertainment 18% 18% 17% 17%
20%
9% 10% 10% 10% Soaps 5% 5% 5% 5%
10% 4% 4% 4% 4%
4% 4% 4% 4% Drama 7% 6% 6% 6%
0% 3% 2% 2% 2% Current Affairs
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, and BBC portfolio channels 40
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisVolume of MoL programming by genre – BBC & ITV
Sports programmes account for a very large proportion of BBC MoL hours, though this has been reducing over recent
years, while ITV has MoL content across a range of genres, mainly soaps, factual and entertainment (MoL content in
the latter two genres are mostly daytime strands)
Volume of first-run PSB MoL originations by genre – 2014 - 2017
% of first-run hours
BBC (BBC1 & BBC2) ITV1
3,137 3,058 2,985 2,914 920 1,020 916 885 Total hours
100% Sport
3% 4% 3% 4% Other genres 3% 3%
2% Specialist Factual
90% 20%
25%
80% 27% 34% General Factual
39%
45% 45%
70% 51%
23%
60% 26% 14% 8% Factual Entertainment
6%
50% 5% 9%
5%
17% 18% Entertainment
5% 18% 15%
40% 14% 14% 16%
10%
30% 2%
9% 11% 11% 12%
20% 28% 29% Soaps
9% 10% 27% 25%
8% 10%
10% 3% 3% 3% 3%
6% 5% 5% 5% 6% 5% Drama
4% 3% 3% 3% 2% 4% Current Affairs
0% 2% 1% 2% 2%
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes News and Other programming 41
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisVolume of MoL programming by genre – Channel 4 & Channel 5
Daytime factual and entertainment programmes (e.g. Countdown, A Place in the Sun) represent a significant
proportion of Channel 4 MoL output, though Hollyoaks and peak time factual strands (e.g. Location, Location,
Location) also contribute a notable amount. Almost all Channel 5 MoL originations are factual programmes
Volume of first-run PSB MoL originations by genre – 2014 - 2017
% of first-run hours
Channel 4 Channel 5
1,309 1,363 1,487 1,334 131 142 150 208 Total hours
100% Other genres
5% 6%
12%
90% 19% 13% 11% 19% Sport
26% 25% 4%
30%
80% 2%
3%
2% 1%
70% 2% 28% Specialist Factual
14% 21% 29% 33%
60%
23% 52%
8% 60%
50% 5%
9%
40% 6% 28% General Factual
30%
30% 39%
24% 25%
46%
20% 26%
21% 23% Factual Entertainment
10% 15%
9% 13% 12% Soaps
4%
0% 1% 2% 1% Drama 4% 3% Entertainment
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes News and Other programming 42
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisVolume of MoL programming by genre – In-house & external producers
Decreasing levels of sports MoL content has driven the fall in the total volume of MoL programming being made by in-
house producers, the absolute volumes of other genres from in-house producers have either been steady (e.g. drama,
soaps) or have grown slightly (e.g. entertainment, factual)
Volume of first-run PSB MoL originations by type of producer and genre – 2014 - 2017
% of first-run hours
In-house External
3,387 3,268 3,106 2,830 2,110 2,315 2,432 2,511 Total hours
100% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 3% 2% Other genres
90%
24% 23% Sport
27%
80% 35% 31% 30%
40%
50% 3% 4% Specialist Factual
70% 2%
6% 3%
60% 5% 18%
4% 23% 30% General Factual
18% 22%
50% 18%
4% 16% 20%
40% 7% 14%
13% 8%
7% 14% 16% Factual Entertainment
30% 5%
17% 18%
15% 19% 15%
20% 12% 12%
12% Entertainment
11% 11% 12% 6% 9% 8%
10% 10% 7% Soaps
3% 5% 5% 5% 4% Drama
3% 3% 3% 3%
0% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 2% Current Affairs
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, and BBC portfolio channels 43
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisVolume of MoL programming by genre – New & returning programmes
Sports programmes make up a large part of returning MoL strands. General factual programming accounts for a large
part of new MoL strands; however, the genre has a similarly large share of hours among all original hours
Volume of first-run PSB MoL originations by new/returning and genre – 2014 - 2017
% of first-run hours
New series Returning series
608 697 862 951 4,889 4,886 4,676 4,390 Total hours
100% 2% 2% 2% 2% Other genres
5% 4% 4%
8%
8% 11%
90% 10%
9%
11% 31% Sport
80% 12% 10% 38% 38%
14% 44%
70%
4% Specialist Factual
60% 25% 39% 2% 3%
41% 2% 20% General Factual
50% 15% 16%
42% 13%
40%
11% 10% 12% Factual Entertainment
24% 9%
30% 15% 7%
4% 16% 15% 14% Entertainment
15%
20% 8% 8%
16% 19%
10% 8% 10% 12% 12% 12% Soaps
14%
7% 7% 6% 3% 3% 3% 3% Drama
0% 1% 1% 2% 3% 3% 3% Current Affairs
2014 2015 2016 2017 2014 2015 2016 2017
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, and BBC portfolio channels 44
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of PSB originations by reported location – Genre comparison
A significant portion of both soaps and sport are made in Northern England, the latter largely due to BBC Sport’s
move to Salford. Other genres have a much higher share of hours not made outside of London
Volume of first-run PSB network originations by reported location and genre – 2017
% of first-run hours
57 155 135 791 487 2,259 1,867 3,953 64 609 517 2,220 Total hours
100% 2% Wales
4% 7% 6% 5% 8% Other 5% 4%
3% 12% 5% 2% N.I. 14% Scotland
90% 2% 6%
6% 11% 3% 2%
8% 13% 29%
80% 30% 3%
2% 13% 10% Southern England
3% 20% 3% 9%
70% 3% 42%
13%
2% 70%
60% 2%
39% Northern England
50%
93%
40% 80% 85% 57%
68% 68% 1% Midlands & East
30% 61% 61% 65%
14% 46%
20%
35% London
10% 16%
12%
0%
Arts & Children's Comedy Current Drama (exc. Enter- Factual Ent. General Religious & Soaps Specialist Sport
Classical Affairs Soaps) tainment Factual Ethics Factual
Music
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, and BBC portfolio channels 45
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of PSB originations by reported location – Genre comparison
The regional breakdown within each genre has been broadly consistent over recent years. One notable exception is
comedy which has seen a substantial rise in the share of hours being made outside of London though given the low
volume of comedy, this only represents a few additional MoL series per year
Volume of first-run PSB network originations by reported location and genre – 2014 - 2017
% of first-run hours
Other
100% 2% 6% 3% 3% 2% 5% Wales
4% 4% 7% 5% 4% 4% 6% 5% 3% 5% 5% 8% 6% 8% 1%
10% 9% 10% 12% Scotland
3% 9% 5% 3% 6%
90% 2% 3% 3% 3% 12% 10% N.I.
8% 8% 4% 2% 3% 6% 12% 11% 8% 3% Southern England
33% 34% 3% 3% 13% 11%
80% 30% 6%
32% 3% 3%
4% 3% 3% 3% 16% 20% Northern England
70% 4% 10%
2% 13% 13% 17%
4% 2% 12% 17% Midlands & East
60% 3% 9% 2%
4% 1%
50% 99%
94% 98% 93% 92%
87% 85%
40% 80% 80% 83% 84% 84%
66% 67% 65% London
30% 61% 61% 61% 61% 59%
55% 57% 56% 56%
20%
10%
0%
'14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17
Arts & Classical Music Children's Comedy Current Affairs Drama (exc. Soaps) Entertainment
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, and BBC portfolio channels 46
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisRegionality of PSB originations by reported location – Genre comparison
Again, most genres have been relatively consistent. Sports programming has experienced a sharp decline in the
proportion of MoL activity in recent years while the composition of religious & ethics programming has fluctuated
wildly due to the small volume being produced in this genre
Volume of first-run PSB network originations by reported location and genre – 2014 - 2017
% of first-run hours
N.I. Other
100% 3% 3% 2% 1% Wales
6% 4% 5% 5% 5% 3% 4% 5% 6% 3% 3% 4%
2% 2% 9%
90% 6% 5% 6% 2% 3% 11% 13% 14% Scotland
11% 13% 11% 23%
13% 32% 29% 29%
15% 10% 9% 2%
80% 13% 12% 13% 10% Southern England
11% 8% 10% 28% 31% 33%
2% 3% 5% 9%
3% 42%
70% 3% 3% 64%
2% 70% 71% 70%
4% 18% 2% 43%
60% 2% 2%
42% 4%
39% Northern England
50% 3% 56% 56%
40% 57%
72% 70% 69% 68% 71% 72% 72% 68% 53% 5%
1% Midlands & East
30%
53% 17% 56% 56% 58%
15% 13% 14% 46%
20%
36% 35% 35% London
10% 19% 22% 21%
12% 15% 16% 16%
8%
0%
'14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17 '14 '15 '16 '17
Factual Ent. General Factual Religious & Ethics Soaps Specialist Factual Sport
Note: Excludes News and Other programming, and BBC portfolio channels 47
Source: Attentional, BARB, Ofcom, Oliver & Ohlbaum analysisYou can also read
