Proceedings of the EuroGard VII Congress - EUROPEAN BOTANIC GARDENS IN THE DECADE ON BIODIVERSITY - European ...
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Proceedings of
the EuroGard VII Congress
EUROPEAN BOTANIC GARDENS IN THE DECADE ON BIODIVERSITY
CHALLENGES AND RESPONSABILITIES IN THE COUNT-DOWN TOWARDS 2020
Editor
Denis Larpin
1
Thanking Botanic Gardens Conservation International and the
European Botanic Gardens Consortium for hosting these proceedings
on their websites
Front page: Eryngium alpinum dans le Vallon du
Fournel et inclus dans le site Natura 2000 Vallon des Bans
- Vallée du Fournel (https://inpn.mnhn.fr/site/
natura2000/FR9301505), Doug Evans
Graphic design : Amaya Delmas
↓
SUMMARY
PART I : THE EUROGARD VII CONGRESS P.4 ANNEXES P.488
COORGANISERS P.5 LIST OF PARTICIPANTS - EUROGARD VII CONGRESS P.489
PATRONAGES AND SUPPORTS P.6 LIST OF AUTHORS CONTRIBUTING WITH FULL PAPERS P.498
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE P.7 LIST OF KEYWORDS USED IN CONTRIBUTING PAPERS P.501
ORGANISATION COMMITTEE P.8
CONGRESS LOGO P.9
OVERVIEW P.10
CONGRESS VENUE P.11
LOCATION OF CONGRESS/CONFERENCE ROOMS P.12
CONGRESS THEMES P.13
PLANNING PRE-CONGRESS AND CONGRESS P.15
DETAILED PROGRAMME P.16
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS P.20
RESOLUTIONS, CONCLUSIONS AND SYNTHESIS P.21
PHOTO GALLERY P.31
PART II : THE FULL PAPERS P.35
THEME A : STRATEGIC FRAMEWORKS P.43
AND BEST PRACTICE FOR BOTANIC GARDENS
THEME B : SCIENCE P.107
THEME C : HERITAGE, CULTURE AND TOURISM P.176
THEME D : CONSERVATION P.216
THEME E : BOTANIC GARDENS AND CLIMATE CHANGE P.297
THEME F : EDUCATION P.341
THEME G : NETWORKING, COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING P.432
3
Part I.
The EuroGard VII Congress
The European Botanic Gardens Congress, EuroGard VII, was held in Paris European Botanic Gardens Action Plan. The conference addressed the issues
from July 6-10, 2015 at the National Natural History Museum. It was organ- and challenges facing botanic gardens in the Decade on Biodiversity and will
ised in partnership with the European Botanic Gardens Consortium (EBGC), consider opportunities and prospects for the community of botanic gardens.
Botanic Gardens Conservation international (BGCI), and Jardins botaniques
de France et des pays francophones (JBF).
EuroGard VII brought together representatives from botanic gardens across
Europe. The scientific programme focused around the new version of the
4
↓
COORGANISERS
Jardins botaniques de France et
des pays francophones
-
The Association of Botanical Gardens of France and Francophone countries tium. The Consortium was established in 1994 to plan Europe-wide initia-
has linked botanical gardens in France since 1979. Since 1994, it opened tives for botanic gardens, especially within the context of implementation
its membership to botanic gardens in French-speaking countries and now of the Convention on Biological Diversity and other European biodiversity
counts members in Belgium, Cambodia (in progress), Canada, Luxembourg, policies and strategies. The Consortium acts as a valuable conduit for infor-
Madagascar, Morocco, Senegal (in progress), Switzerland and Vietnam. The mation flow and co-operation between the national associations of botanic
members of the Association are developing, each according to their means, gardens as well as between individual institutions. As well as organising reg-
plant conservation programmes through research, integrated conservation, ular European Botanic Gardens Congresses (EuroGard), the Consortium has
education and public awareness to ensure the preservation of biological di- also promoted and helped to lead other significant international initiatives,
versity and the sustainable management of the planet’s resources. In France, such as the IPEN - the International Plant Exchange Network.
the Association provides support to its members, old or new, organizing, each
year, technical sessions that bring together the different actors. The associa-
tion issued in 1996 a Charter for botanical gardens which defines the areas of
work of contemporary botanical gardens, “institutions that hold documented
Botanic Gardens Conservation International
-
plant collections for the purpose of scientific research, conservation, exhibi-
tion and education”. The gardens that have chosen to follow the ethics of this
charter confirm their willingness to join European and international actors
working towards the implementation of international strategies for the con- Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) provides a global voice
servation of biological diversity. for all botanic gardens, championing and celebrating their inspiring work.
BGCI is the world’s largest plant conservation network, active in over 100
countries. Its mission is “to mobilize botanic gardens and engage partners in
securing plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet”. BGCI
European Botanic Gardens Consortium plays a leading role in the implementation of the UN’s Global Strategy for
- Plant Conservation. It has helped to establish many new botanic gardens
and provides training in all aspects of the work of botanic gardens. BGCI
There are around 800 botanic gardens in Europe and in most countries these documents and provides information on the great diversity of plants held in
are linked through national botanic garden networks. Representatives of the the world’s botanic gardens and supports conservation and education pro-
national networks come together in the European Botanic Gardens Consor- grammes around the world.
5
↓
PATRONAGES AND SUPPORTS
EUROGARD VII
EUROPEAN BOTANIC GARDENS IN THE DECADE ON BIODIVERSITY
CHALLENGES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE COUNTDOWN TOWARDS 2020
In support of The United Nations Decade on Biodiversity
Organised by Co-organized by Supported by
- - -
With the patronage of With the financial support of
- -
6
↓
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Scientific Committee European Botanic Gardens Consortium
•D
enis Larpin, SC Coordinator : National Natural History Museum (MNHN), ustria : Michael Kiehn
•A uxembourg : Thierry Helminger
•L
Department of Botanical and Zoological Gardens elgium : Koen Es
•B alta : Joseph Buhagiar
•M
•S
erge Bahuchet : MNHN, Man, Nature, and Societies Department, UMR ulgaria : Krassimir Kossev
•B etherlands : Bert van den
•N
7206 roatia : Biserka Juretic
•C Wollenberg
•S
tephen Blackmore : Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Board of yprus : Loukia Vassiliou
•C orway : Vibekke Vange
•N
Directors zech Republic : Petr Hanzelka
•C oland : Jerzy Puchalski
•P
•L
aurent Bray : Botanic Gardens of the City of Paris stonia : Heiki Tamm
•E ortugal : Dalila Espírito-Santo
•P
•M
ichel Cambornac : National Horticultural Society of France, Scientific inland : Marko Hyvärinen
•F omania : Anca Sarbu
•R
Board ermany : Nils Köster
•G lovakia : Sergej Mochnacky
•S
•J
ean-Marc Drouin : MNHN, Alexandre Koyré Centre reece : Eleni Maloupa
•G lovenia : Joze Bavcon
•S
•F
rédéric Dupont : Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille ungary : Antal Radvànszk
•H pain : Silvia Villegas Navarro
•S
•T
homas Haevermans : MNHN, Institute of Systematics, Evolution and Biodi- • I celand : Hjortur Thorbjornsson weden : Mari Källersjö
•S
versity, UMR 7205 • I reland : Stephen Waldren witzerland : Pierre-André Loizeau
•S
•F
rédéric Hendoux : Conservatoire botanique national of the Paris Basin • I taly : Costantino Bonomi nited Kingdom : Matthew Jebb
•U
•A
nca Leroy : Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy atvia : Ludmila Vishnevska
•L GCI : Suzanne Sharrock
•B
•P
ierre-André Loizeau : Conservatory and Botanical Gardens of the City of ithuania : Audrius Skirdaila
•L
Geneva
•S
erge Muller : MNHN, Institute of Systematics, Evolution and Biodiversity,
UMR 7205
• Jan Plesnik : Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic
•D
ominique Richard : MNHN, European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity
•P
hilippe Richard : Bordeaux Botanic Garden
•B
ernard Riera : CNRS-MNHN, Ecofor
•M
arc-André Selosse : Botanical Society of France ; MNHN, Institute of Sys-
tematics, Evolution and Biodiversity, UMR 7205
MNHN, Direction of Research, Expertise and Valorisation
•F
inistry of Higher Education and Research
•M
• I nternational Union for Conservation of Nature
7
↓
ORGANISATION COMMITTEE
ORGANISATION COMMITTEE
National Natural History Museum, Department of Botanical and Global Partnership for Plant Conservation
Zoological Gardens Peter Wyse Jackson
Eric Joly, Director
Frédéric Achille, botanical collections Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
Philippe Bardin
Pedro Saiz, accounts and website
Nelly Huguet, administration
UNESCO
Brigitte Carmine, volunteer
Noéline Raondry Rakotoarisoa
Chantal Grizard, secretariat
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological diversity
National Natural History Museum, Direction of European and Robert Hoft
international relations
Jean-Patrick Le Duc, Director
Maïté Delmas, international affairs
Jardins botaniques de France et des pays francophones
Fanch le Hir, President
Romaric Perrocheau, Administrator
Renée Buzy Debat, Treasurer
Pascale Gueguen, Secretariat
Botanic Gardens Conservation International
Suzanne Sharrock
Joachim Gratzfeld
European Botanic Gardens Consortium
Eleni Maloupa
8
↓
CONGRESS LOGO
Paris quadrifolia L., Herb Paris or
True Lover’s Knot, was chosen as the emblem
for the EuroGard VII congress in Paris
The Herb Paris is a small rhizomatous geophyte in the Melanthiaceae family.
It is remarkable for its leaves and floral parts all whorled in 4. Its inconspic-
uous flowers are wind- or self-pollinated.
It is found in moist woodlands on calcareous soils, across the temperate and
boreal regions of Europe, including the Paris Basin.
The species is in decline due to the aggressive methods of modern forestry.
Regeneration is mainly by vegetative spread because seed dispersal is limit-
ed. Since the species colonizes new forest stands very slowly, management
should focus mainly on conservation of ancient forest stands.
> IMAGE 1
Its current name comes from the medieval name Herba Paris. F. Perriat / CBNBP
According to interpretations, it evokes Paris the mythological hero, or more
probably comes from the Latin par, equal, in reference to its regular mor-
phology.
> IMAGE 2
F. Perriat / CBNBP
9
↓
OVERVIEW
The European Botanic Gardens Congress, EuroGard VII (European Botanic
Gardens in the Decade on Biodiversity - Challenges and responsibilities in > IMAGE 3
the countdown towards 2020), was held in Paris from July 6 -10, 2015 at the The launch of the
french capacity building
Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. It was organised in partnership with initiative “Sud Expert
the European Botanic Gardens Consortium (EBGC), Botanic Gardens Conser- Plantes Developement
Durable“, F-G Grandin
vation international (BGCI), and Jardins botaniques de France et des pays MNHN
francophones (JBF).
During the Welcome ceremony, the Aide Française au développement, l’In-
stitut de Recherche pour le Développement, le Muséum national d’Histoire
naturelle, le Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial, the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and the Ambassadeur délégué à l’environnement officially
launched the French capacity building initiative “Sud Expert Plantes Devel-
> IMAGE 1 AND 2
oppement Durable”.
Left : Oral presentation,
F-G Grandin MNHN The scientific programme was based on the European Botanic Gardens
Right : The round table
“European botanic
Action Plan which has been updated following the conference conclusions.
gardens and North-
South partnerships“
The conference addressed the issues and challenges facing botanic gar-
dens in the Decade on Biodiversity and considered opportunities and pros-
The congress attracted 269 delegates from 41 countries. pects for the community of botanic gardens.
The congress included 14 keynote presentations, 102 oral presentations, 5
workshops, 2 panels and 45 posters.
A Pre-Congress Workshop on the Global Strategy for Plant conservation
was organized by MNHN, BGCI and the Secretariat of the Convention on Bi-
> IMAGE 4
ological Diversity on July 3 and 4. It was attended by 25 participants among
which 14 participants from West and Central Africa, the Indian Ocean and The posters, F-G
Grandin MNHN
Haiti.
10↓
CONGRESS VENUE
From 6 to 10 July 2015, the Jardin des Plantes, the historic botanical garden On 26 hectares in the heart of Paris, it houses, in one location, research
of Paris has hosted the 7 European Botanic Gardens Congress. This excep-
th
laboratories, part of the Museum’s botanical and zoological gardens and ex-
tional site, with 4 centuries of history, is recognised as a historical monument hibition galleries. It is a place of recreation and education for the 6 million
and is also a listed site. visitors who discover the diversity of its botanical collections and horticul-
tural presentations every year. It is also a very active center for the dissem-
ination of knowledge on plants, animals and nature, welcoming more than
35,000 children each year. It includes the Menagerie, the second oldest zoo in
the world opened in 1794.
About 8,000 plant species, part of the living plant collections of the Nation-
> IMAGE 1
al Museum of Natural History, are on display at the Jardin des Plantes in its
thematic gardens and its historic glasshouses. A rich tree heritage tells the
The Herbarium
history of botany in France with specimens planted over the years since the
seventeenth century. The Arboretum of Chèvreloup, a 200 hectare site near
The Jardin des Plantes is at the heart of a large national institution with Versailles, the exotic garden of Menton, the alpine garden of Samoens and
a scientific, cultural and professional remit, the National Museum of Nat- the domain of Harmas de Fabre complement the living collections with an
ural History. It is a public institution under the supervision of the Ministry additional 12,000 species.
of Higher Education and Research and the Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable
Development and Energy. For more information visit : www.mnhn.fr
> IMAGE 2
J. Munier MNHN
11↓
LOCATION OF CONGRESS/CONFERENCE ROOMS
Grande Galerie
de l’Evolution
Rue
Entrée principale
Cuv
Main entrance
ie r
Grand Amphi du
Salle
Muséum (GAM)
informatique
Salle
d’Entomologie DREI
Salle de
Géologie
Amphi Rouelle,
Salle des Conseils,
Entrée des serres
Salles de la Baleine (1,2,3,4)
Greenhouse entrance
Orangerie
Rue
Cuv
ie r
Salle DJBZ
Amphi de
Paléontologie
Départ des cars
Coach departure
Seventh European Botanic Gardens Congress - July 6-10, 2015
7e congrès des Jardins botaniques européens - 6-10 Juillet 2015
12↓
CONGRESS THEMES
Theme A Theme C
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORKS AND BEST PRACTICE FOR BOTANIC GARDENS / HERITAGE, CULTURE AND TOURISM /
CADRES STRATÉGIQUES ET BONNES PRATIQUES POUR LES JARDINS BOTANIQUES PATRIMOINE, CULTURE ET TOURISME
A1 : Cultivating our connections, building support and influence for Botanic C8A& C8B : Contemporary importance of historic gardens / Rôles contempo-
Gardens / Exploiter ses réseaux pour la promotion des jardins botaniques rains des jardins botaniques historiques
A2 : Living collections: the essence of botanic gardens horticulture / Les collec- C9 : Impact and potential of botanic gardens in tourism / Impact et potentiel des
tions vivantes, raison d’être du jardin botanique jardins botaniques pour l’économie touristique
A3 : Access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing: International, European
and national legislative approaches and their implications for Botanic
Theme D
Gardens / Accès aux ressources génétiques et partage des avantages : approches
législatives internationales, européennes et nationales et leurs implications pour
les jardins botaniques CONSERVATION
A4 : Databases and biodiversity information management / Bases de données
et gestion de l’information sur la diversité végétale D10 : Conservation in the garden and in the wild, part 1 / Conserver au jardin et
A4A : Plant collection management systems / Bases de données sur la gestion dans la nature, 1ère partie
des collections D11 : Conservation in the garden and in the wild part, 2 / Conserver au jardin et
A4B : Managing information on biological diversity at all levels / Gestion de dans la nature 2ème partie
l’information sur la diversité végétale
Theme E
Theme B BOTANIC GARDENS AND CLIMATE CHANGE /
SCIENCE JARDINS BOTANIQUES ET CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE
B5 : Ethnobotany and botanic gardens / Ethnobotanique et jardins botaniques E12 : S
ustainable practices within the botanic garden / Pratiques durables au
B6 : Plant science and innovation / Science du végétal et innovation jardin botanique
B7 : Invasive species, research, management and control / Espèces exotiques E13 : C
limate change research in botanic gardens / Recherche sur les change-
envahissantes : recherche, gestion et contrôle ments climatiques dans les jardins botaniques
13↓
CONGRESS THEMES
Theme F
EDUCATION
F14 : Social roles of botanic gardens / Rôle social des jardins botaniques
F15 : Connecting people to plants / Sensibiliser l’homme au végétal
F16: Teaching botany / Enseigner la botanique
Theme G
NETWORKING, COOPERATION AND CAPACITY BUILDING /
RÉSEAUX, COOPÉRATION ET PARTENARIATS
G17 : International partnerships for botanic gardens / Partenariats internation-
aux pour les jardins botaniques
G18 : Social networking for connecting people to plants / Réseaux sociaux et
jardins botaniques
G19 : Fundraising Instruments for botanic gardens projects / Trouver des fi-
nancements pour les jardins botaniques
G20A & G20B : Global tree conservation / Conservation des espèces ligneuses au
niveau mondial
14PLANNING PRE-CONGRESS AND CONGRESS
↓
Eurogard VII - Planning Pre-congress et Congress - July, 3-10 2015
at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris
9:00-10:30 10:30-11:00 11:00-13:00 13:00-14:00 14:00-16:00 16:00-16:30 16:30-17:30
Coffee
Coffee
Friday 3/07 Implementation of the
Lunch
GSPC WORKSHOP
Break
Break
Welcome - Introduction Role of the main stakeholders Implementation of the GSPC
GSPC
Invitation only
9:00-10:00 10:00-10:45 10:45-11:15 11:15-12:00 12:00-13:00 13:00-14:00 14:00-16:30 15:30-16:00 16:00-16:30 16:30-17:30
Coffee
Coffee
Saturday 4/07 Presentation General discussion,
Lunch
Break
Break
Work groups Work groups General discussion Work groups Work groups
CBD conclusions
19h30
Saturday 4/07
EBGC Dinner
CONSORTIUM
9:00-10:45 10:45-11:05 11:05-13:00 13:00 - 14:30 14:30-16:00 16:00-16:20 16:20-18:00
Coffee
Coffee
Sunday 5/07
Lunch
Break
Break
EBGC meeting EBGC meeting EBGC meeting EBGC meeting
14:00-18:00
Sunday 5/07
Welcome, registration, posters installation.
8:00-9:00 9:00 - 9:50 9:50-12:45 10:50-11:15 11:15-12:45 12:45-14:15 14:15-15:50 15:50-16:15 16:15-18:00 19:00-21:30
Welcome reception
and lauch of the
Coffee Break
Coffee Break
Welcome,
registration, Opening of the Oral SEP2D
Lunch
Oral presentations Oral presentations Oral presentations
posters Congress presentations Programme, 13th
installation. Arrondissement
Monday 6/07
Townhall
Option : 14:30-
15:30
Visit of the
Children's Gallery
upon registration
8:30-9:00 9:00-10:50 10:55-11:20 11:15-12:30 12:45-14:15 14:00-16:00 16:00-16:25 16:25-18:00
Coffee
Coffee
Oral
Lunch
Break
Break
Welcome Oral presentations Oral presentations Oral presentations
presentations
Tuesday 7/07 Presentation by the
designer Alexis Tricoire 17:30-18:30
of his work previously Guided tour of Paris Herbarium
exhibited at the Jardin (Upon registration)
EUROGARD
des Plantes
8:30 - 18:30
Visits in Paris and Ile de France (upon registration)
Excursion 1: Field Trip to the Fontainebleau Excursion 2: Chevreloup National Arboretum and Gardens of Excursion 3: Zoological Park of Paris and Botanic Gardens of
Forest the Versailles Estate the city of Paris (Parc Floral and Arboretum)
Wednesday
8/07
Parallel session - Fifth Liaison Group meeting
Invitation only
9:00-10:55 10:45-11:05 11:20-12:30 12:30-14:00 14:00-16:00 16:00-16:20 16:20-18:00 19:30
Liaison Group Liaison Group Liaison Group
Coffee
Coffee
Lunch
Break
Break
Liaison Group meeting Dinner
meeting meeting meeting
8:30-9:00 9:00-10: 55 10:55-11:30 11:30-12:45 12:45-14:00 14:00-16:10 16:10-16:35 16:35-18:00 20:30-23:00
Coffee
Coffee
Thursday 9/07 Oral
Lunch
Break
Break
Welcome Oral presentations Oral presentations Oral presentations Gala dinner
presentations
8:30-9:00 9:00-10:50 10:50-11:10 11:30-12:00 12:45-14:00 13:30-16:00
Guided tours (upon registration)
Coffee Break
13:30-16:00
Oral 13:30-15:30
Friday 10/07 Oral presentations Ecole de Botanique
Lunch
Welcome presentations and 13:30-14:30 Paris Tropical
and conclusions (systematic garden)
conclusions Herbarium Greenhouses and
and Ecological
Alpine Garden
garden
15↓
DETAILED PROGRAMME
16↓
DETAILED PROGRAMME
17↓
DETAILED PROGRAMME
18↓
DETAILED PROGRAMME
19↓
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
EUROGARD
EUROGARD
EUROGARD
EUROGARD
EUROGARD
EUROGARD
EUROGARD
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VII
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VII
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EUROGARD
EUROGARD
EUROGARD
EUROGARD
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VIIVII
VII
KEYNOTE
KEYNOTE
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SPEAKERS
SPEAKERS
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Braulio Ferreira Dominique Richard Paul Smith Eleni Maloupa Qunli Han Sara Oldfield Juli Caujapé Castells
de Souza Dias
Director, European Secretary General, Director, Hellenic Director, Division des IUCN/SSC Global Tree Director, Botanic
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Helsink↓
RESOLUTIONS, CONCLUSIONS
AND SYNTHESIS
21↓
RESOLUTIONS, CONCLUSIONS
AND SYNTHESIS
General Resolution (1/3)
Recognising the importance that botanic gardens need to place in protecting General Resolution (3/3)
and conserving the world’s flora, and noting that we are at the mid-term
stage in the countdown to 2020 for the Global Strategy for Plant Conserva- Recognising the dedication, support and guidance provided over the past
tion, as well as other conservation targets, the Congress urges botanic gar- 20 years, as well as the remarkable advances and improvements in garden
dens to: management, organisation and engagement that have taken place in that
• be purposeful and effective in building the knowledge base, establishing time, the Congress wishes to record its gratitude to:
projects and promoting the GSPC in their institutes; • the European Botanic Gardens Consortium, national networks, botanic gar-
• participate in updating national actions in support of the Global Strategy dens, and especially the many hard-working individuals who have support-
for Plant Conservation as well as the CBD’s Strategic Plan for Biodiversity ed and enhanced the work of gardens throughout Europe;
2011-2020; • Botanic Gardens Conservation International, and all its staff over the years
for its invaluable support; and
• those individuals who have organised the past seven congresses for their
General Resolution (2/3) dedication to the success and achievements of EuroGard.
Emphasising the importance that botanic gardens need to place in man-
aging their collections in accordance with the articles covering Access and
EuroGard VII Congress
Conclusions
Benefit Sharing under the Convention on Biological Diversity, and complying
with the principles of the recently enacted Nagoya Protocol, the Congress
recommends that botanic gardens and networks: theme a Cadres stratégiques et bonnes pratiques pour les jardins botaniques.
• Become fully engaged and familiar with the Nagoya Protocol and its imple- Strategic frameworks and best practice for botanic gardens
mentation in their country.
• Submit case-studies to their national networks that exemplify both the tan- Noting the significant progress that has been made in garden management
gible and intangible benefits shared by BGs with provider countries; across Europe; Recognising the quality of horticultural knowledge that has
• always act in a manner that builds trust and transparency and enhances been built over many centuries in European gardens; and Aware of the chal-
the willingness of provider countries to engage in collaborative conserva- lenge of accurate identification of material, the documentation of collections
tion programmes; and the regulation burden; The Congress calls upon botanic gardens to:
• support and use the International Plant Exchange Network (IPEN) in the • Engage with BGCI’s GardenSearch and PlantSearch databases so that indi-
exchange of materials between institutions. cators of GSPC targets can be measured and networking enhanced;
22↓
RESOLUTIONS, CONCLUSIONS
AND SYNTHESIS
EuroGard VII Congress Conclusions
• Continue to seek ways to record, preserve and share horticultural knowl- theme c Patrimoine, Culture et Tourisme. Heritage, Culture and Tourism.
edge as widely as possible; Recognising that botanic gardens are often major tourism destinations;
• Enhance the quality of data and record keeping, including ecological data and Mindful that many have historic constraints on their ability to adapt; The
recording; Congress recommends that botanic gardens:
• Develop means to store and maintain regulatory and other necessary doc- • Raise awareness of the history of science and botanic gardens through in-
umentation and share their experiences with gardens in their networks. novative displays and events;
• Take part in the annual Fascination of Plants Day (May 18) and other biodi-
The Congress further calls upon national and regional networks to: versity related days;
• Continue working together to raise standards of curation, recordkeeping, • Develop a marketing strategy and ensure that they are able to measure
data-handling and compliance across all gardens in their networks; the impact of this strategy in terms of the needs and perceptions of their
• Cultivate connections and engagement with civil and political society to visitors.
build support and influence for botanic gardens.
theme d Conserver au jardin et dans la nature, Conservation in the garden and in
theme b Science du végétal, ethnobotanique et les espèces exotiques envahis- the wild
santes. Plant Science, Ethnobotany and invasive species Mindful that there is no technical reason why species should become ex-
Aware of the upcoming regulation on Invasive Alien Species in the EU and tinct in these days of micro-propagation, cryopreservation and seed banking
of the work already undertaken on invasive species by many gardens and skills; Appreciating the remarkable progress that botanic gardens have al-
the European Botanic Garden Consortium; and Mindful of the excellent work ready made in developing integrated in-situ / ex-situ projects with expanding
already being undertaken in botanic gardens to promote an interest in our work in translocations, transplantations, native seed science and studies on
native floras; The Congress encourages botanic gardens to: population genetics; and Aware of the serious conservation concerns raised
• Continue to raise awareness on invasive alien species in their collections by the over-exploitation of horticultural and medicinal plants; the Congress
and always label these appropriately; calls upon botanic gardens to:
• Promote traditional knowledge on plants to their visitors and use this as an • Be mindful that all conservation work should be undertaken using the best
proven tool for engaging interest in plants locally and generally; possible techniques, scientific knowledge and understanding;
• Develop displays that encourage an appreciation for our native flora and • Ensure that work is well documented and shared where appropriate;
the role of botanic gardens in its conservation; • Engage with and promote where possible the work of IUCN, CITES, TRAFFIC
• Help to set up identification and early warning systems for plant diseases and others in ensuring legal, sustainable and appropriate use of wild plants
and harmful animals. including through the promotion of the FairWild standard.
23↓
RESOLUTIONS, CONCLUSIONS
AND SYNTHESIS
EuroGard VII Congress Conclusions
theme e Jardins botaniques et changement climatique. Botanic Gardens and Cli- political and societal recognition; Noting the establishment of the Ecological
mate Change Restoration Alliance (ERA) and the unique expertise botanic gardens have to
Recognising that some botanic gardens across Europe are already part of the offer to restoration; The Congress encourages botanic gardens to:
International Phenological Gardens network; Mindful of the Baltic experienc- • Develop and participate in national partnerships linking botanic gardens
es with a network of gardens trialling plant clones across climatic zones; and with other sectors;
Noting that the conservation community is lacking evidence and under- • Develop principles and targets in order to raise standards of horticulture,
standing of the effects of climate change; the Congress asks gardens and data management and public engagement;
networks to: • Reach out to botanic gardens and partners in developing countries, and
• Encourage the gathering of phenological and climate related data; countries with economies in transition, to develop mentoring, support and
• Promote climatic change related studies across networks of gardens; capacity-building projects;
• Consider how their work might contribute to the (ERA) in order to scale up
restoration action.
theme f Sensibiliser l’homme au végétal / Enseigner la botanique. Connecting
people to plants / Teaching botany
Acknowledging the important role that botanic gardens continue to play in
Thanks to the host, organisers,
and sponsors
connecting people to nature; Recognising the importance of education, activi-
ties and engagement with civil society; The Congress encourages gardens to:
• Explore innovative ways of engaging new audiences within their gardens;
• To find ways of bringing plant education outside the botanic gardens and The Congress congratulates our hosts, Le Muséum national d’Histoire na-
promoting nature, especially in urban settings. turelle (MNHN), and extends its thanks to its director Eric Joly and JeanPat-
rick le Duc, Maïté Delmas, Michel Guiraud and all their staff for the warm
welcome and organisation of a successful meeting.
theme g Réseaux, coopération et partenariats. Networking, cooperation and ca-
pacity building We further commend our hosts on the remarkable transformation and im-
Acknowledging the work of the European Botanic Gardens Consortium in provements that they have brought about at the Museum, in particular the
developing strong co-operation amongst botanic Gardens across Europe; Rec- redevelopment, reconditioning and digitisation of the herbarium, a laudable
ognising the value of developing charters or codes of practice that provide a contribution to the understanding of the world’s plant diversity and testa-
roadmap and help gardens to achieve greater standards, capacities as well as ment to their status as one of the world’s premier institutions.
24↓
RESOLUTIONS, CONCLUSIONS
AND SYNTHESIS
Thanks to the host, organisers,
and sponsors
We extend our thanks to the Organising committee: Eric Joly, Jean-Patrick
Le Duc, Maïté Delmas, Frédéric Achille, Pedro Saiz, Nelly Huguet, Brigitte
Carmine, Chantal Grizard (MNHN); Fanch le Hir, Romaric Perrocheau, Renée
Buzy Debat, Pascale Gueguen (JBF); Suzanne Sharrock and Joachim Gratzfeld
(BGCI); Eleni Maloupa (EBGC); Peter Wyse Jackson (GPPC); Philippe Bardin
(CBN); Noéline Raondry Rakotoarisoa (UNESCO); and Robert Hoft (CBD).
We recognise the special work of the Scientific committee in delivering
such an excellent programme of talks: Denis Larpin, Serge Bahuchet, Stephen
Blackmore, Laurent Bray, Michel Cambornac, Jean-Marc Drouin, Frédéric
Dupont, Thomas Haevermans, Frédéric Hendoux, Anca Leroy, Pierre-André
Loizeau, Serge Muller, Jan Plesnik, Dominique Richard, Philippe Richard, Ber-
nard Riera et Marc-André Selosse.
We have been delighted to have had the opportunity of meeting colleagues
from beyond Europe in particular from west and central Africa, the Indian
Ocean and Haiti and we commend the MNHN and BGCI for their initiative in
inviting these partners, and on the signing of the “Sud Expert Plantes Devel-
oppement Durable” programme.
We gratefully acknowledge la Mairie de Paris, les Conservatoire et Jardin
Botaniques de la Ville de Genève, la Fondation IRIS, IRIS BG, la Fondation Yves
Rocher et la Société Botanique de France for their generous assistance.
25EUROGARD VII
PARIS
Synthesis of the congress
BY PIERRE-ANDRE LOIZEAU, DIRECTOR OF CONSERVATORY
AND BOTANIC GARDENS OF THE CITY OF GENEVA /
PAR PIERRE-ANDRÉ LOIZEAU, DIRECTEUR DES CONSERVATOIRE
ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE LA VILLE DE GENÈVE
Chers collègues, des objectifs dans le cadre de l’élaboration de sa Stratégie pour la Biodiversi-
té pour 2020. A l’autre bout du congrès, Peter Wyse Jackson en fait de même
Bien que je sois le seul mentionné dans le programme pour présenter et affirme que la Stratégie Mondiale pour la Conservation des Plantes con-
cette conclusion, j’aimerais commencer par remercier Suzanne Sharrock et stitue un cadre qui oriente les activités des jardins botaniques. Si la moitié
Matthew Jebb qui ont préparé la partie de cette intervention relative au Con- des objectifs est couverte par ceux-ci, on peut trouver des Jardins botaniques
sortium des jardins botaniques européens et aux résolutions de ce congrès. pour tous les objectifs restants.
Tout d’abord j’aimerais vous faire partager le plaisir que j’ai eu à partici- Mais la législation peut devenir lourde et contraignante, bien que les objec-
per à ce congrès EuroGard VII. La chaleur qui s’est abattue sur une grande tifs qu’elle poursuive soient déontologiquement incontournables et encour-
partie de l’Europe n’a pas trop perturbé nos discussions, n’a pas échauffé les agés par les jardins botaniques. Ainsi concernant l’introduction du Protocole
esprits. Les débats ont été sereins et constructifs, les conférences plénières de Nagoya, Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias constate qu’il s’agit d’une législa-
passionnantes. tion novatrice, qui introduit la reconnaissance de la souveraineté des pays
sur leurs ressources naturelles. Pourtant Matthew Jebb et Michel Guiraud ob-
Je résumerais les axes principaux de ces conférences plénières en quatre servent que d’une manière générale les contraintes législatives sont de plus
points : importance d’un cadre législatif, responsabilité en termes de conser- en plus lourdes et risquent de devenir des surcharges difficiles à surmonter
vation, travail collaboratif et enfin maintien du lien à la nature. pour les instituts scientifiques. L’introduction du Protocole de Nagoya pour-
rait conduire à une situation paradoxale, à savoir qu’il risque de fermer
importance d’un cadre législatif l’accès aux ressources génétiques des pays qui ont besoin d’une meilleure
Concernant l’importance du cadre législatif, Braulio Ferreira de Souza connaissance de la biodiversité de leur territoire. Sans prendre position sur
Dias ouvre les feux et rappelle l’importance de la Stratégie Mondiale pour la ce problème administratif, Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias affirme que la re-
Conservation des Plantes en tant que cadre d’action pour la sauvegarde de cherche nécessite l’accès aux ressources génétiques afin de mettre en valeur
la biodiversité. Dominique Richard rapporte que l’Union Européenne a défini la richesse de la biodiversité. Les pays en voie de développement ont donc
26EUROGARD VII
PARIS
Synthesis of the congress
besoin de ces travaux pour donner de la valeur à leur biodiversité. Michel Pour Dominique Richard, la complexité des systèmes environnementaux
Guiraud dans ce contexte souligne un avantage possible des collections vir- peut être la cause d’un temps important avant que les actions ne prennent
tuelles par le fait qu’elles pourraient constituer une réponse à la complexité effet.
de la législation qui se met en place. Sur un plan plus général, Jean-Patrick
Le Duc décortique le commerce illégal des plantes. Il attribue aux jardins Juli Caujapé Castells observe que nous ne savons souvent pas quelle
botaniques un rôle important en tant que partenaire des douanes afin que stratégie utiliser pour la conservation. Nous donnons l’impression d’un
les jardins botaniques prennent en charge dans de bonnes conditions les manque de coordination, d’un manque de clarté des actions du fait que
plantes saisies ou confisquées. certains concepts sont difficiles à cerner. Il démontre que la fragmenta-
tion, souvent cause de la perte de biodiversité, peut aussi être à l’origine de
l’apparition de nouvelles espèces sous une forme première d’haplotypes.
responsabilité en termes de conservation
Il propose que la notion de population, plutôt que celle d’espèce, devienne
Paul Smith observe que les jardins botaniques ont les outils et les com-
l’unité officielle de la conservation.
pétences pour conserver la diversité végétale, grâce aux herbiers, aux ban-
ques de semences, aux activités de conservation in et ex situ, aux actions de
Philippe Bardin dresse lui aussi quelques constats autour de la conser-
restauration d’habitats.
vation des espèces menacées au sein de la Fédération des conservatoires
botaniques nationaux de France. Dubitatif sur la probabilité d’atteindre
Han Qunli montre tout l’intérêt des Réserves de la Biosphères de l’UNESCO.
les objectifs de la Stratégie mondiale pour la conservation de plantes à
651 réserves dans 120 pays couvrent plus de 10 millions de km2 incluant plus
l’échéance de 2020, et bien que les résultats actuels soient déjà relative-
de 170 millions de personnes. Ces Réserves représentent des laboratoires très
ment satisfaisants, il montre que les espèces menacées sont relativement
importants pour l’étude de l’équilibre entre nature et population humaine.
peu présentes dans les territoires placés sous protection. Il observe qu’il
Les Jardins botaniques peuvent aider à comprendre ces interactions. est nécessaire d’inventer de nouveaux outils de hiérarchisation pour aug-
menter l’efficacité des mesures de protection, et par exemple, d’ajouter
Pourtant Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias fait le constat amer que nous aux critères de l’UICN la responsabilité patrimoniale, l’originalité phy-
avons échoué dans la diminution de la perte de biodiversité, que celle-ci con- logénétique du taxon et son évolution historique si les données existent.
tinue. Il observe que les raisons de cet échec sont dues au fait que nous
n’avons pas mis l’accent sur les causes sous-jacentes. Il faut montrer à la Enfin Hervé le Treut et Marko Hyvärinen évoquent la problématique des
société comment elle peut tirer les bénéfices de la biodiversité. On trouve là changements climatiques sur la répartition de plantes. Marko Hyvärinen
tout le discours tournant autour des services écosystémiques. propose d’accompagner ces migrations par des cultures ex situ et in situ
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