Priorities and challenges for the g20 in australia's Presidency year - Winter 2014
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Priorities and challenges for the
G20 in Australia's presidency year
Winter 2014
With media partner
Priorities and challenges for the
G20 in Australia's presidency year
Report of Policy Insight
organised by Friends of Europe
in association with Australian Embassy
within the framework of Australia's G20 Presidency
with media partner Europe’s World
Winter 2014
BrusselsThis report reflects the conference rapporteur’s understanding of the views expressed by participants. Moreover, these views are not necessarily those of the organisations that participants represent, nor of Friends of Europe, its Board of Trustees, members or partners. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted, provided that full credit is given to Friends of Europe and that any such reproduction, whether in whole or in part, is not sold unless incorporated in other works. Rapporteur: John Pollock Publisher: Geert Cami Director: Nathalie Furrer Programme Manager: Patricia Díaz Design: Cristina Frauca © Friends of Europe - January 2014 This report is printed on responsibly produced paper
Table of contents PRiOrities AND chALLENGES for the G20 in Australia's presidency year 6 Growth and jobs 6 Trust and inclusiveness 7 EU’S G20 economic priorities 8 Global governance 9 A mature international actor 11 Discussion 12 ANNEX I - Programme 15 ANNEX II - List of participants 16
6 Friends of Europe | Gobal Europe
PRiOrities AND chALLENGES
for the G20 in Australia's
presidency year
“The questions we’ve been asking are how do we raise potential global growth
going forward? How do we finance investment in infrastructure? What can we do
to increase participation of labour? That’s where the Australian agenda comes in,
Heather Smith, Australian G20 Sherpa said at a Friends of Europe Policy Insight
discussion on “Priorities and challenges for the G20 in Australia’s presidency
year. The meeting was organised in cooperation with the Australian Mission to
the EU and chaired by Shada Islam, Director of Policy at Friends of Europe.
Having taken over the G20 presidency from Russia on December 1st, 2013,
Australia is uniquely positioned as G20 chair between the developed states
in Europe and North America and the developing states of Asia-Pacific. An
ostensibly ‘Western’ state with a free market economy and Westminster-style
democracy, it also resides in the heart of Asia with a trajectory that sees it
increasingly more aligned economically, with Beijing, Jakarta and New Delhi than
with traditional partners in London, Paris or Washington.
Prime Minister Tony Abbott has highlighted a lack of infrastructure, high youth
unemployment worldwide and the need for a private sector-led recovery as
Australia’s key priorities for the G20 in 2014.
Growth and jobs
Giving further details of the Australian agenda, Smith, said she saw it as important
to keep up the momentum generated at the G20 summit in St. Petersburg. “The
Russians did a very good job in creating a multi-year agenda focused on growth,
jobs and investment; we’re moving away from the G20 as a crisis management
tool and into a ‘peacetime’ role focused on rebuilding confidence in the global
economy”. Smith noted the many challenges facing the G20 caused by overall
slow growth rates. “We have large output gaps, high unemployment and inflation”
she stressed, adding: “We are in a period of ‘shaky calm’.”Priorities and challenges for the G20 in Australia's presidency year | Winter 2014 7 “Given the interdependence of the global economy, the divide between domestic and the international is now non-existent,” said Smith. Collective action was important but she added: “We’re asking G20 countries what individual and collective actions can member states take to promote trade, infrastructure investment and employment.” Smith noted: “We’re looking at how we can manage the spillover effect from individual states. We have some good momentum in G20 countries, what China is doing following the Third Plenum, what Prime Minister Abe is undertaking in Japan with the ‘Three Arrows’ and energy sector reforms in Mexico also.” This individual action needed to be operationalised at the G20 level. Corporate tax avoidance was a priority, Smith said, adding: “We have a strong commitment to have taxes paid where the economic activity is taking place and working together to exchange information so that we have greater transparency of financial transactions across G20 countries.” She noted that that infrastructure was another Australian priority due to its fundamental role in promoting and aiding growth. “Until now we’ve had monetary policy do the heavy lifting in terms of growth. We’re looking to promote private sector investment in infrastructure and focus on how we’re going to achieve that through competitiveness.” Trust and inclusiveness Smith conceded the process would not be easy: “G20 is a young organisation it’s going to take time to build habits of cooperation and collaboration.” The value of maintaining trust between G20 partners was important, she underlined, adding that it would be vital in implementing the agenda post-Brisbane. From Australia’s perspective, as G20 chair “the key to the future success of G20 lies in outreach and understanding. We need to create a community that understands G20’s relevance,” Smith observed. Australia’s approach was to increase G20’s profile in the wider public by working with the multiple partner groups such as the B2 Business Summit, the Civil Society Dialogue and G20 Youth Summits. As for the anticipated brevity of the final communique issued at the Brisbane summit in November this year, Smith observed, “all presidencies start off with good intentions.”
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EU’S G20 economic priorities
António José Cabral, the EU’s G20 Sherpa argued “the EU and Australian
priorities fit very well because one of the values of G20 is that it allows us to
reach cooperative solutions. This adds value to the agreements reached. It
allows problems to be shared and discussed.” He said the institution was much
like the European Union in aiding multilateral diplomacy.
Cabral argued that boosting growth was an issue central to the preoccupations
of the EU post-crisis. “We have Europe 2020 as a long-term growth strategy, as
well as country specific recommendations. Our growth strategy is in three pillars:
fiscal policy, structural reforms and target investment; we are particularly focused
on structural reforms.”
“Europe fully supports the role played by G20 with enthusiasm;
we should, however, try to keep climate change a priority in spite
of the divided opinions between the member states.”
Antonio José Cabral, European Union’s representative to the G20.Priorities and challenges for the G20 in Australia's presidency year | Winter 2014 9 Concerning infrastructure investment, Cabral citing, Australian Prime Minister Abbott’s speech in Davos, warned that “we have to make the case that physical infrastructure investment must be matched with human capital investment” in view of the IMF estimation that 300 million people were unemployed worldwide. The G20’s approach towards infrastructure investment, he emphasised, should not be one in which it is viewed as a developmental issue. Infrastructure investment, he argued, had far wider effects beyond development, he said, adding: “With infrastructure we all benefit. The G20 should give priority to cross border investments that allow the different parts of the world to be connected.” Cabral observed that trade plays a much more important role than it did in the past. “There are huge trade negotiations taking place between the major world powers, the EU has just concluded negotiations with Canada and has others underway with the United States and Japan”. The G20 had a role in supporting trade relating primarily to services, environmental goods, competition and export credits. The G20, he indicated should however respect the competences of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) which should provide the forum for negotiations, whilst G20 should provide the political impulse for these deals. “The G20 Sherpas met in Sydney and I was impressed with the clarity of the objectives, the determination of the presidency, the pragmatic approach and the commitment to the G20 as a multilateral exercise. We have the ingredients of a successful presidency with which the European Union is more than ready to contribute, said Cabral. He concluded that the G20 can be most proud of the leadership it provided in the area of financial reform. “Financial reform was at the heart of the G20 meeting in Washington in November 2008; in the weeks after Lehman Brothers collapsed we prevented another ‘Great Depression’ from occurring.” Global governance Karel Lannoo, Chief Executive Officer of the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), welcomed the enormous role played by the G20 in recent years, echoing remarks by Cabral that the institution’s achievements in the last
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five years were impressive, especially in the case of regulation of the financial
services sector. This illustrated that global governance via peer pressure
amongst member states was working.
Lannoo welcomed the specificity of Australia’s G20 priorities. Too often he
said in previous summits, the G20 agenda had been subject to revisions by
states, becoming metaphorically ‘a Christmas tree’ with each country adding a
specific amendment and alternatives to the G20 agenda.
“The G20 is a sign that global governance
is working, that peer pressure is working
and I think that is an unprecedented event
in our common history.”
Karel Lannoo, Chief Executive Officer of the Centre for
European Policy Studies (CEPS)
The role played by G20 in European financial reform over the last five years was
extensive, he said, owing to the collective peer pressure that provided political
cover to member states. “Many people here in Brussels would have heard
Commissioners speaking saying ‘we need to do this because of the G20’.
It has been used in Europe to drive forward unprecedented financial reform
including bank recapitalisation.” On trade, Lannoo argued that the regional
trade pacts such as the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership were
more problematic. “We have agriculture tariffs of 40 percent and we are going
to reduce them with the US but not with other countries.” Lannoo stressed that
the proliferation of bilateral trade deals was not compatible with the multilateral
trade agenda and expressed concern that the trend away from the WTO to
bilateral deals would raise tensions due to their lack of inclusivity.
Lannoo also expressed reservations over Australia’s focus on corporate
taxation and on tax base erosion. “We have seen how impossible it has been at
European level to do something about this issue. We have achieved at EU level
only two directives harmonising corporate taxation and both of them date backPriorities and challenges for the G20 in Australia's presidency year | Winter 2014 11
to the 1990s.” As regards Australia’s focus on investments, Lannoo observed
that household pensions do not factor into the long term investments outlined
in the G20 agenda. “The channels for households to invest their savings into
pensions are limited and are not invested in the long term because of market
imperfections, the products do not exist for long term pensions.” This was a
problem the G20 would eventually have to face.
A mature international actor
Australia had a long history of punching above its weight, said Philomena
Murray, Professor at the University of Melbourne. Referring to Australia as a
“mature international actor”, Murray cited the country’s support for regional
architecture in the Asia-Pacific and the contribution made to humanitarian
aid and development. Australia’s identity in the Asia-Pacific was of enormous
interest to the world as was the 2013 white paper “Australia in the Asian Century”
that identified closer ties with East Asian actors as a priority. “This process can
be both advantageous and problematic in the Asia-Pacific context; owing to its
close ties with the United States”, noted Murray “Australia is too often not fully
accepted as an Asian nation.”
“The challenge for Australia going forward is to
advance and promote
discussion processes internationally;
this is where the G20 comes into its
own as an institution.”
Philomena Murray, Professor at the University of Melbourne
Australia as a successful G20 chair would need multilateral instincts in
approaching member states. “The challenge for Australia in the G20 and more
widely is the need to appeal to fundamental norms, interests and values of
the partners of the G20,” she said, underlining the diversity of opinions within
the institution. Ensuring the initiatives produced within the G20 agenda were12 Friends of Europe | Gobal Europe
attractive for member states to pursue would require a high degree of diplomatic
skill from Australia’s diplomats, she said, agreeing that the G20 could provide
the political cover and impetus for individual member states to implement the
domestic agenda.
Murray added: “Australia needs to show a sustained leadership capacity,
particularly as it seeks to build up habits of cooperation in the G20 as an
institution.” Acknowledging the youth of the institution and emerging practices,
she cited the gradual establishment of cooperation within the EU as an example.
“Australia has consistently supported
giving developing and under developed
countries greater say in global institutions
like the IMF, it’s important that institutions
reflect the global representativeness. It’s
also the key to getting inclusive growth.”
Heather Smith, Australian G20 Sherpa
“Australia needs to be able to facilitate coalition-building and consensus-
building within the G20, drawing on its relationships outside the G20,” Murray
argued, highlighting that, as with other institutions, there were membership
issues and therefore ‘we should keep in mind that there are states that feel that
they should be part of the G20.” “The challenge in 2014,”Murray concluded,
“is for Australia to show that it is an effective diplomatic player and mature
international actor.”
Discussion
In the discussion that followed, Smith conceded that there was no ‘silver
bullet’ for getting people back to work and warned that jobless growth was
a real problem in G20 states. “We inherited from the Russian presidency,
an employment task force that is focusing on structural, youth and femalePriorities and challenges for the G20 in Australia's presidency year | Winter 2014 13 unemployment,” she said. “On an individual basis we’re asking countries, to change policies best suited to their individual labour markets”. At G20 level, she said collective action was focused on increasing female participation in the labour force in order to increase economic growth. On inclusive growth, the Australian G20 presidency was going to focus on implementation in order to achieve inclusivity in global economic growth. “Inclusive growth is how we think of underpinning economic development,” argued Smith, adding: “I’ve asked the International Labour Organisation to do a paper for the G20 Sherpas on inclusive growth”. The question of digitalisation in the services sector and the structural change that will follow from economic reforms in member states would be discussed, she said, as would global governance, transparency on tax and exchange of information. “The strength of G20,” argued Smith “can be the focus on cross cutting issues like climate change.” The issue was a divisive one, said Smith, adding: “the debate comes down to what set of polices can be used to combat climate change”. Discussions could centre on a voluntary process of discouraging the use of fossil fuels and greater action on financing and focus on renewable energies. Recent currency devaluations in emerging markets such as Turkey and Argentina were being viewed with concern by the G20, she said. The main challenges for emerging markets were the structural underpinnings that fuel future growth, including taxation regimes, infrastructure, education and the development of human capital.
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Priorities and challenges for the G20 in Australia's presidency year | Winter 2014 15 Annex I – Programme SESSION I Policy Insight debate The 9th G20 Summit in Brisbane in November 2014 will see a pivotal gathering of presidents and prime ministers from the world’s leading industrialised and emerging states to discuss global economics, trade and security. Set up in 1999 as a meeting of Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, the G20 confirmed its reputation as an increasingly important forum for managing the global economy following the financial crisis in 2008, when the first G20 Leaders Summit was held. With global growth still subdued and many countries struggling to create enough jobs for their people, what will be the key priorities for the G20 this year? Which challenges would benefit most from leaders’ attention at the 9th G20 Summit in Brisbane in November 2014? Can the G20 deliver practical outcomes for the global economy? Will crucial issues like youth unemployment, strengthening development and global financial reform get adequate attention at the Brisbane meeting and other G20 gatherings in Australia? Should the G20 be made more inclusive or would that make it more unwieldy and inefficient? Is the G20 helping or hampering global governance? How should it respond to the ever-expanding list of global challenges? What is the G20’s role in dealing with non-traditional security challenges including climate change, cyber security and human trafficking? Heather Smith Australian G20 Sherpa Antonio José Cabral European Union G20 Sherpa Karel Lannoo Chief Executive Officer of the Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) Philomena Murray Professor at the University of Melbourne, Australia Moderated by Shada Islam, Director of Policy at Friends of Europe
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ANNEX II – List of Participants
Georgios Altintzis, Policy Adviser, Economic and François d'Adesky, Special Counsellor for
Social Policy Department, International Trade Union Investments and Trade, Mission of Haiti to the EU
Confederation (ITUC) Efehan Danisman, Masters Student, College of
Martin Alvez, Minister Counsellor, Mission of Uruguay Europe
to the EU Baptiste Dardenne, Deputy Antici., Permanent
Salvador Andres Figueroa, Assistant, European Representation of Belgium to the EU
Parliament, Directorate General for External Policies Sean de Cleene, Vice President, Global Business
Richard Andrews, Assistant Secretary, International Initiatives, Yara International
Policy and Engagement, Australia's G20 Task Force Laurent De Smedt, Policy Officer, European Private
Hermann Aschentrupp, Deputy Chief of Mission, Equity & Venture Capital Association (EVCA), Bastion
Mission of Mexico to the EU Tower
Mindaugas Ausra, Assistant, Council of the European Peter Debaere, Post-Doctoral Researcher, University
Union of Ghent
Alejandra Ayuso, Minister & Chargé d'Affaires a.i., Polydoros Demetriades, Principal Administrator,
Mission of Argentina to the EU European Commission, Directorate General for
Laurent Bardon, Policy Officer, desk officer in charge Education and Culture
of international aspects of trade relations with Japan, Dave Deruytter, Head of Expatriates & Non-
European Commission, Directorate General for Trade residents, ING Belgium
Johan Barnard, Counsellor: ECOFIN Coordination, Geert Deschaepmeester, IT Manager, Mission of
Structure Funds, Cohesion Funds, TransEuro Webs, Australia to the EU
Econ/Monetary Policy, External Relations, Permanent Miguel D Desnerck, Publisher, Desnerck Media
Representation of the Netherlands to the EU
David Dewar, First Secretary, Mission of New Zealand
Hans-Christian Beaumond, International Relations to the EU
Officer, European Commission, Directorate General
for Agriculture and Rural Development Carolina Diaz, Counsellor, Mission of Colombia to
the EU
Dries Belet, Desk Officer for G8/G20 and the
global economic agenda, European Commission, Patricia Diaz, Programme Manager, Friends of
Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs Europe Les Amis de l'Europe
Aivars Berners, Policy Adviser, European Susanne Doboczky, Vice President, Allianz Group
Conservatives and Reformists Group (ECR) European Affairs Office
Aline Brandstatter, Assistant, Council of the Morag Donaldson, Administrator, European
European Union Parliament
António José Cabral, Senior Advisor, G8/G20, Nicolas Dorgeret, Administrator, European
Europe 2020, General Economic policy orientations, Parliament, Committee on International Trade
International Financial Institutions, Trade, European Jorge Fabra Portela, Desk Officer for G20 and
Commission, Cabinet of EU Commission President G7, European Commission, Directorate General for
José Manuel Barroso Economic and Financial Affairs
Jason Collins, European Australian Business Council Pernille Falck, Trade Policy Advisor, Permanent
Representation of Denmark to the EUPriorities and challenges for the G20 in Australia's presidency year | Winter 2014 17
James Franey, European Affairs Correspondent, Tim Joris Kaiser, Economic Analyst, Desk Officer
Euronews China, European Commission, Directorate General for
Tetsuro Fukunaga, Executive Director, Japan Economic and Financial Affairs
Machinery Centre for Trade & Investment (JMC) Andrey Kasiyanenko, Counselor, Mission of the
Alessandro Gallo, Student, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Russian Federation to the EU
(VUB) Juergen Kettner, Head of sector- Transport,
Periklis Giannopoulos, Economic and Trade European Commission, Directorate General for
Counsellor, Permanent Representation of Greece to Development and Cooperation - EuropeAid (DEVCO)
the EU Gauri Khandekar, Researcher, Head of Asia
Frazer Goodwin, Senior Advocacy Adviser, Save the Programme, Fundacion para las Relaciones
Children EU Advocacy Office Internacionales y el Dialogo Exterior (FRIDE), Brussels
Office
Nicola Gordon-Smith, Economic Counsellor, Mission
of Australia to the EU Florian Kobele, Policy Co-ordinator, Assistant to
the G20 Sherpa of the European Union, European
Nick Greenstock, Managing Director, Gatehouse Commission, Secretariat General
Advisory Partners
Aris Kokkinos, Journalist, eurobole.com
Dalia Grigonyte, Economic Analyst, European
Commission, Directorate General for Economic and Willem Kooi, Desk Officer, European Commission,
Financial Affairs Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs
Christopher Halburd, Head of Office, Environmental Joseph Kraus, Policy Manager, The One Campaign
Law Service Maciej Krzysztofowicz, Policy Officer, Agricultural
Joop Hazenberg, Founder & Director, The Next Trade Policy Analysis, European Commission,
Generation For Europe (NGE) Directorate General for Agriculture and Rural
Development
Françoise Herbouiller, Policy Officer, WTO, OECD
and Dual Use, European Commission, Directorate Hendrike Kuehl, Policy Director, Transatlantic
General for Trade Business Council, Transatlantic Business Dialogue
(TABD)
Susannah Hodson, Second Secretary, Mission of
Australia to the EU Athina Kylafi, EU Government Relations, BASF EU
Liaison Office
Xiaobing Hong, Second Secretary, Mission of the
People's Republic of China to the EU Caroline Lambert, Member of Cabinet, Financial
IssuesInternational Financial Institutions,
Richard Howitt, Member, European Parliament, Development, Trade, Taxation, Humanitarian Aid
Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary & Crisis, European Commission, Cabinet of EU
Committee Commissioner for Climate Action Connie Hedegaard
Shada Islam, Director of Policy, Friends of Europe Karel Lannoo, Chief Executive Officer, Centre for
Les Amis de l'Europe European Policy Studies (CEPS)
Tatiana Isticioaia Budura, Counsellor, COASI, Patrick Larkin, Senior Adviser, Energy Charter
Permanent Representation of Romania to the EU Secretariat
Marta Kadar, Senior Advisor, Permanent Michel Lavollay, Founder, Public Private Partnership
Representation of Hungary to the EU Europe18 Friends of Europe | Gobal Europe
Duncan Lewis, Ambassador, Mission of Australia to Valérie Moutal, Business Continuity Coordinator,
the EU European Commission, Directorate General Human
Andrea Lode, Policy Advisor, Europe and Resources and Security
International Affairs, German Insurance Association Katrina Murray, Policy Advisor, Mission of Australia
(GDV) to the EU
Jonathan Lukas, Program Officer, Global Water Philomena Murray, Professor, University of
Institute Melbourne School of Social and Political Sciences
Rainer Lütkehus, EU Correspondent, Lubica Nejezchlebova, Counsellor, Trade Policy
Energieinformationsdienst Hamburg Committee, Permanent Representation of the Slovak
Tamas Maczak, Policy Officer, South and South East Republic to the EU
Asia, Australia, New Zealand, European Commission, Christopher Newman, Editorial Assistant, Europe's
Directorate General for Trade World
Jacques Malache, Senior Director, International Press Catherine Olier, Policy Advisor, EU Essential Services,
Agency Oxfam International EU Advocacy Office
Isabelle Marchand, Head of European Affairs,, Nienke Palstra, EU Policy Officer, Transparency
Belgian Finance Federation (FEBELFIN) International Liaison Office to the EU
Wouter Marsoul, Account Manager, Etihad Airways Liliana Pasecinic, Head of Sector International
Marina Martinez-Garcia, Programme officer, Centro Relations, European Commission, Joint Research
para el Desarrollo Technologico Industrial (CDTI), Centre
Brussels Office David Plunkett, Ambassador, Mission of Canada to
Lachlan McKenzie, PhD student, University of the EU
Melbourne, School of Social and Political Sciences Gordana Popovic, Research Programme and
Stewart Mills, G20 Coordinator, European Scientific Officer, European Research Council
Commission, Directorate General for Development Executive Agency (ERCEA)
and Cooperation - EuropeAid (DEVCO) Ian Radcliffe, Director for Training and Consultancy,
Russel Mills, Head of Brussels Office and Global European Savings Banks Group/World Savings
Director Energy & Climate Change Policy, Dow Banks Institute (WSBI)
Courtenay Mitchell, Assistant, European Parliament Marcel Radunski, Vice President Legal &
Government Affairs, Siemens EU Affairs Office
Dominique Mitchell, Press and Communications
Officer, European Federation of Food, Agriculture and Nickolas Reinhardt, Director, Afore Consulting
Tourism Trade Unions (EFFAT) Sebastien Rojon, Intern, European Parliament
Leonard Mizzi, Head of Unit, ACP, Africa, Caribbean Julia Rokicka, Assistant, European Parliament
and Pacific, South Africa, UN/FAO and G8/G20, Shane Ryan, Policy Adviser, Mission of Australia to
European Commission, Directorate General for the EU
Agriculture and Rural Development
Rainer Schierhorst, International Cooperation Officer,
Andrea Mogni, Director, Global Economy, Global European External Action Service (EEAS)
Governance Institute
John Scowcroft, Executive Adviser, Global CCS
InstitutePriorities and challenges for the G20 in Australia's presidency year | Winter 2014 19 Heather Smith, Deputy Secretary and G20 Sherpa, Office of the Prime Minister Elía Sosa, Counsellor, Political Affairs, Mission of Mexico to the EU Guergana Stanoeva, Economist, European Commission, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs Andreas Stein, Head of Unit, Equal Treatment Legislation, European Commission, Directorate General for Justice René Steiner, Administrator, European Commission, Directorate General Human Resources and Security Diane Strauss, Assistant to the Programme Director and Economist, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) European Policy Office Alexandre Stutzmann, Diplomatic Adviser to the President, European Parliament, Cabinet of the President Jindrich Trejbal, Officer, Financial Policy Unit, Permanent Representation of the Czech Republic to the EU Simon Twisk, Counsellor, Mission of Australia to the EU Ann Vanhout, Policy Officer, Global Challenges, European External Action Service (EEAS) Eustace Theo Wallace, Second Secretary, Mission of Saint Kitts and Nevis to the EU Alastair Walton, European Australian Business Council Sidonie Wetzig, Policy Officer, Friedrich-Ebert- Stiftung (FES) EU Office Graham Wilkie, Policy Officer, European Commission, Directorate General for Education and Culture
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