PLACING HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE PERFORMANCE PATHWAY - A PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE WORLD UNIVERSITY GAMES - FISU
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Placing Higher Education in the Performance Pathway A performance analysis of the World University Games
Contents Foreword
With thanks to:
contents
Foreword 3 Great Britain has a long and proud history of student sport, and the World
Universities Contribution to Olympic Performance 4 University Games (the Universiade) represents the pinnacle of competition for
n d Smith
E our student sportsmen and women.
Introduction to the World University Games 6
n Lisa Dobriskey The Universiade is the second largest multisport event in the World, with more
Shenzhen 2011 7
n Gemma Gibbons than 10,000 participants from 150+ countries in more than 20 sports. The
Performance Analysis 8 n FISU – The International University Universiade represents probably the experience most akin to an Olympics in
Archery 9 Sports Federation terms of scale, village life and competition standard.
Athletics 10 n Podium - The FE and HE unit for
Badminton 12 London 2012 Games The Great Britain teams have a track record of providing elite athletes
Women’s Basketball 12 n Great Britain representatives and support staff of the future their first taste of a world-class, large-scale
to FISU; Tom Crisp, Jeanette international multi-sports environment.
Diving 13
Johnson, Frederick Meredith, London 2012 Olympic medallist Gemma Gibbons is a great example of this.
Fencing 14
Alison Odell, Alan Sharp, Ian The experiences of participating at two World University Games, in Gemma’s
Case Study: Gemma Gibbons 15 Smyth, John Warnock & Zena own words, prepared her for a major event on the scale of the Olympic Games,
Artistic Gymnastics 16 Wooldridge allowing her to perform to her best and subsequently win a silver medal.
Shooting 17 Published by: British Universities &
Swimming 18 Colleges Sport, 2012 22 members of Team GB at London 2012 had competed at the 2011 World
Table Tennis 19 University Games in basketball, fencing, rowing, swimming, taekwondo, water
Lead contributor and data analysis:
Weightlifting 20 Graeme Maw PhD
polo and weightlifting . This represents greater than 1 in 5 athletes progressing
from the Great Britain team at the Universiade to the Olympics within 12
“22 members of
Summary of Findings
Kazan 2013
21
22
Additional material by: Justin Deeny, months, joining many more from previous iterations of the Universiade, including Team GB at London
Claire Powell, Neil Rogers London 2012 medalists Beth Tweddle, Jessica Ennis and Michael Jamieson.
Partner with BUCS 23 For more information please contact:
2012 competed at
BUCS has undertaken this research in order to quantifiably establish the
Neil Rogers
performance level of the World University Summer Games in comparison to the 2011 World
Head of International Programmes
e neil.rogers@bucs.org.uk
other major multisport Games (Commonwealth Games, Olympic Games), to
determine the Universiade’s potential place in sports’ performance pathways.
University Games”
t +44 (0)207 633 5089
I hope that you find the contents of this report both helpful and illuminating in
terms of the opportunity represented by the Universiade – not only for our best
student sportsmen and women, but as a unique professional development
About bucs opportunity for support staff and a valuable learning and preparation experience
for our future Olympians and highest performing athletes.
Ed Smith
British Universities & Colleges Sport in the UK through advocacy, partnership Federation, and responsible for delivery Chair, British Universities & Colleges Sport
(BUCS) is the national governing body and lobbying of appropriate national, of World University competitions for
for Higher Education sport in the UK. international and commercial agencies Great Britain & Northern Ireland.
BUCS vision is to enhance the To do this, BUCS works with student BUCS was formed in 2008 by the
student experience through athletes, athletic union staff and elected merger of BUSA (British Universities
sport, to support and promote the officers as well as professional sporting Sports Association) and UCS
lifestyle and educational benefits staff, coaches and volunteers at its (Universities & Colleges Sport). Former
to communities and individuals of 160+ member institutions. It offers a bodies of BUCS include UAU, BUSF,
taking part in sport, and to provide comprehensive, multi-sport competition BUCPEA, BSSF, BPSA and BCSA and
outstanding opportunities to all structure and manages the development date back to 1919.
students to engage in sport and of services and facilities for participative,
www.bucs.org.uk
related activity in Higher Education. grass-roots sport and healthy campuses
through to high-performance athletes.
This vision comprises three themes:
The BUCS sporting programme is
SPORT: To provide a world class HE
available to the 2.3 million students across
based sport infrastructure
the UK. Over 100,000 students regularly
EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT: compete in BUCS competitions, leagues
To be the leading player in providing and events. BUCS delivers more than 50
educational and professional sports to these students and universities
development opportunities to students and organises 170 individual final or
and staff in HE sport championship events each year.
PROFILE: To lead on the effective BUCS is the GB member organisation of
development of sport in Higher Education FISU, the International University Sports
Universities Contribution to Olympic Per formance
GOLD SILVER BRONZE
65% 66% 49%
56
In this report we have measured Team GB medal winners from the last twenty years – from the Barcelona
Games in 1992 through to Beijing in 2008 – to see how many had been to university.
An incredible 61% did. When you consider that by 2010 31% of the population had a degree, this is an incredible
statistic and shows the extent to which Higher Education is intrinsically linked to Team GB success. Our university-going medal winners are most likely to win gold or silver
medals. Between 1992 and 2008, 65% of gold, 66% of silver and 49% of
members bronze medallists went to university.
“Over the last 20 years an incredible 61% of Team GB at London
of Team GB Olympic Games medallists and 2012 competed for
Great Britain at a
Role of honour
65% of Team GB gold medallists have been World University
Name
Danielle Brown
Sport, University, WUGs
Archery, Leicester, WUGs 2009
Games
to university. This compares to 31% of the Naomi Falkard
Margaret Adeoye
Archery, Birmingham, WUGs 2005, WUGs 2003
Athletics, Surrey, WUGs 2011
Team GB
population that have a degree.” 39% medal winnerS
61%
Emily Diamond
Simeon Williamson
Athletics, Loughborough, WUGs 2011
Athletics, Middlesex, WUGs 2007
1992-2008
Nicola Sanders Athletics, St Mary’s, WUGs 2005
These 56 include Olympic Jessica Ennis Athletics, Sheffield, WUGs 2005
medallists Beth Tweddle, Lisa Dobriskey Athletics, Loughborough, WUGs 2005, WUGs 2003
Gemma Gibbons, Michael Marilyn Okoro Athletics, Bath, WUGs 2005
Jamieson, Lutalo Muhammad Goldie Sayers Athletics, Loughborough, WUGs 2005
and Jessica Ennis. Dominique Allen Basketball, Oral Roberts University, WUGs 2011
Team GB medal Team GB medal
36% 64% 34% 66% Chantelle Handy Basketball, Marshall University, WUGs 2011, WUGs 2009
BEIJING 2008 Athens 2004
Lisa Dobriskey has represented Rose Anderson Basketball, University Central Oklahoma, WUGs 2011
Sarah Barrow Diving, Leeds Metropolitan, WUGs 2011
Great Britain at two World
Stacey Powell Diving, Southampton, WUGs 2007, WUGs 2005
went to/going to university University Games before going on James Davis Fencing, Middlesex, WUGs 2011
DIDN’T GO TO UNIVERSITY to have a successful international Husayn Rosowsky Fencing, Greenwich, WUGs 2011, WUGs 2009
career. In 2006 Lisa became Anna Bentley Fencing, Brunel, WUGs 2007
Commonwealth champion before Louise Bond-Williams Fencing, Ohio State, WUGs 2005
making her Olympic debut at the Richard Kruse Fencing, City, WUGs 2005
Beth Tweddle Gymnastics, Liverpool, WUGs 2009 WUGs 2005
Beijing 2008 Olympic Games,
Gemma Gibbons Judo, Bath, WUGs 2009
narrowly missing out on a medal, James Austin Judo, Birmingham, WUGs 2003
36%
Team GB medal 64% 35%
Team GB medal 65% 49%
Team GB medal 51%
finishing fourth. Sophie Allen Swimming, The Open University, WUGs 2011
SYDNEY 2000 ATLANTA 1996 BARCELONA 1992 Stephanie Proud Swimming, University of Florida, WUGs 2009, WUGs 2007
Michael Jamieson Swimming, Napier, WUGs 2009
Michael Rock Swimming, Manchester, WUGs 2007
The World University Games Joe Roebuck Swimming, Loughborough, WUGs 2007
were extremely valuable in my Liam Tancock Swimming, Loughborough, WUGs 2005
development. The transition Ross Davenport Swimming, Bath, WUGs 2005, WUGs 2003
between junior athlete and senior Caitlin McClatchey Swimming, Loughborough, WUGs 2005
can be a difficult one to bridge, Lutalo Muhammad Taekwondo, Middlesex, WUGs 2011
Team HE Finish 5th at London 2012
Demi Bakare Volleyball, Sheffield, WUGs 2009
but the World University Games
Peter Bakare Volleyball, Sheffield Hallam, WUGs 2009
provided me with a real taste Lucy Wicks Volleyball, Sheffield College/Loughborough, WUGs 2009, WUGs 2003
of what an international multi- Rachel Laybourne Volleyball, Sheffield College/Loughborough, WUGs 2009, WUGs 2003
Rank Country Gold Silver Bronze Total sport competition would be like. Joanne Morgan Volleyball, Sheffield College, WUGs 2009
1 USA 46 29 29 104 The management structure, the Rachel Bragg Volleyball, Sheffield College/Loughborough, WUGs 2009, WUGs 2003
athlete village and the multi-sport Janine Sandell Volleyball, University of Washington, WUGs 2009
2 China 38 27 23 88 Elizabeth Ried Volleyball, Jefferson College, WUGs 2009
teams mirrored the Olympic
Chloe Wilcox Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2009
3 Great Britain 29 17 19 65 environment perfectly. My Robyn Nicholls Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2011
4 Russian Federation 24 26 32 82 coach and I viewed the World Rebecca Kershaw Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2011
University Games as a rehearsal Angela Winstanley-Smith Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2011
5 HE Team HE 15 9 6 30
for future Olympics. Learning to Alexandra Rutlidge Water Polo, Manchester, WUGs 2011
6 Republic of Korea 13 8 7 28 cope with so many distractions Lisa Gibson Water Polo, UK Distance Learning College, WUGs 2011
Rosemary Morris Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2011
7 Germany 11 19 14 44 in an almost overwhelming
Ciara Gibson Byrne Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2011
environment and still compete at
8 France 11 11 12 34 Francesca Clayton Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2011
my best put me in good stead Francesca Snell Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2011
9 Italy 8 9 11 28 for the Olympic Games. Fiona McCann Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2011
10 Hungary 8 4 5 17 Alex Parsonage Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2007
Lisa Dobriskey Robert Parker Water Polo, Manchester Metropolitan, WUGs 2007
11 Australia 7 16 12 35 Loughborough University Edward Scott Water Polo, The Open University, WUGs 2007
Adam Scholefield Water Polo, Imperial, WUGs 2007
If Team HE were a country at the London Olympic Games they would have finished 5th ahead of Korea, Germany and Australia. Jack Oliver Weightlifting, Leeds, WUGs 2011
Great Britain’s
The World University Games biggest WUG’s
medal haul
came in
Izmir in
2005
Following various informal
The record number of Universiade sports and entries
permutations, the World University
countries competing at
Izmir 2005 Bangkok 2007 Belgrade 2009 Shenzhen 2011 Kazan 2013
Games came to existence in Turin, Competing Countries 170 170 145 151 Est. 170
Italy, in 1959. Now reaching its 27th
the World University
Accredited Participants 7,844 9,006 8,166 10,624 Est. 13,500
Compulsary Sports
edition in Kazan, Russia, in 2013, the Artistic Gymnastics ü ü ü ü ? 3
Games are run by the International Games is 174 Athletics
Men’s Basketball
ü ü ü ?
? GOLDS
University Sports Federation, FISU, ü
as an international sporting and countries in Daegu, Women’s Basketball
Diving
ü
ü ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
?
?
cultural festival. Indeed, as FISU
state: “Embracing FISU’s motto of
Korea, in 2003 Fencing
Men’s Football
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
?
?
Women’s Football ü ü ü ?
‘Excellence in Mind and Body’, the Judo ü ü ü ?
Summer Universiade incorporates The Games have actually more than It is interesting to know therefore the Rhythmic Gymnastics ?
Swimming ü ü ü ü ?
educational and cultural aspects doubled in size since they were held performance comparison between Table Tennis ü ?
into 12 days of sports competitions, (as the ‘World Student Games’) In the respective Games to accurately Tennis ü ü ü ü ?
Sheffield in 1991, then with 4,622 gauge potential impact in a sports Men’s Volleyball ?
allowing university student-athletes Women’s Volleyball ü ?
from all over the world to celebrate accredited participants in 11 sports. performance pathway. Men’s Water Polo ü ? 9
with the host city in a true spirit of Women’s Water Polo ü ?
SILVERS
friendship and sportsmanship”.
It is well publicized that upwards of
60% of Team GB have been through
A record 10,624 Optional & Guest sports
Aerobic Gymnastics
universities, with the WUGS or WUCS participants took Archery
Badminton
ü
ü
ü
ü ?
Great Britain’s (Championships) providing invaluable
international experience along the way. part at the World
Beach Volleyball
Boxing
?
?
largest delegation, The Team GB women’s water polo University Games in
Canoe Sprint
Cycling
?
233 athletes and team, for example, travelled en masse Golf ü ü
to Shenzhen, while the final session of Shenzhen, China, in Rowing
Rugby 7s
?
?
staff, travelled to athletics was contested to a packed
2011. The number Sailing
Shooting ü ü ?
Bangkok, Thailand in house of over 42,000 people. 7
These figures are reflected globally,
of participants Softball
Synchro Swimming ?
BRONZES
2007 and returned with colleagues in Germany stating continues to grow
Taekwondo
Weightlifting
ü ü ü ü
ü ?
with ten medals that 54.9% of the German Olympic
at each Universiade,
Wrestling ?
2012 team have progressed through
across five sports ü denotes GB entry denotes competition programme
Higher Education, rising to over 80% in 2005 there were
for Team USA – and over 31% of the
The Universiade is widely recognised as Japanese Olympic 2012 team were 7,844 accredited Shenzhen 2011
the second largest multisport Games from HE in the preceding 4 year cycle.
participants, next year The 26th World University Games were Jess Dickons from the University of Sports Great Britain competed in:
in the world after the Olympics, and held in Shenzhen, China in August Bath won Team GBR’s first medal, Athletics
progressively has risen to world class
The delivery framework for the
Universiade – be it accreditation, HQ,
in Kazan an estimated 2011 and hosted the largest number a superb gold in the 200m Butterfly Badminton
in scale and standard. The Games
and infrastructure development
the village environment, transport or 13,500 will take part of participants in the competitions
history. 7,155 student athletes
swimming, her quickest time in three
years to finish fastest ahead of Natsumi
Women’s Basketball
Diving
catering – are all delivered against
in Shenzhen in 2011 attracted a the Olympic model to help familiarise
representing 151 countries competed Hoshi (JPN) who went on to win bronze Fencing
government and organising-committee student athletes with their future
at the 2011 Summer Universiade, as a at London 2012 in the same event. Football
“This is the best international
investment of £18 billion, providing Olympic experiences. Similarly, BUCS
comparison the 2008 Beijing Olympics
The final day at the track brought Golf
platform for sports development
a purpose built village for 10,624 delivery of central support follows the
had 11,028 athletes and the 2010
home three medals for the Great Artistic Gymnastics
that I have ever seen, which is
accredited participants from 151 Olympic model in-so-far as possible.
Commonwealth Games 6,081.
Britain team as Andrew Vernon (St Judo
reflected by the growing stature
countries, competing in 27 sports in Representing Great Britain 152 Mary’s University College) won gold Shooting
of these Games. There have been
22 new venues of 54 in total. Over 100 The Universiade, however, does not
athletes took part from 40 British in the 5000m, the women’s 4x400m Swimming
numerous World Champions and
performance records were set in 306 draw the attention in this country that
Universities, 22 of whom were later team earned bronze and Julian Reid Open Water Swimming
world ranked number ones here
medal events. it perhaps does elsewhere – though
selected to be part of Team GB at the (Texas A&M University) also secured Taekwondo (Kyorugi & Poomsae)
contesting as a significant part
Eurosport broadcast 112 hours of
London Olympic Games. bronze in the men’s long jump. Tennis
of their season, and as a truly
coverage during the 2011 event – Women’s Waterpolo
multi-sport international Games.
and the biennial is over shadowed by The men’s football team won Great Weighlifting
In 2003 Daegu, Korea events such as the Commonwealth It is genuinely second only to a Great Britain had medal success
in swimming, athletics and men’s Britain’s fifth medal, finishing runners
summer Olympic Games in terms
witnessed Great Games outside of Olympic years.
In comparison to the University of its stature and competitive football, however this does not up to Japan in the final after defeating
Brazil and Ghana en route to winning a
Britain’s best gold Games, the Commonwealths experience”. tell the full story as the copious
personal best performances meant
silver medal. Daniel Alcock (Manchester
medal haul of eight draws from around 70 countries,
with approximately 4,000 athletes
BUCS Team GBR Chef de Mission
(Shenzhen, 2011) Graeme Maw
that 70% of the team equalled or
Metropolitan University) was awarded
goalkeeper of the tournament after his
gold medals contesting 17 sports.
bettered their entry rankings penalty shootout heroics against Brazil.
Performance analysis Archery performance
required to
win a medal
compared
to OLY
In this section we consider the
performance level required at World
Methodology Archery been part of the Summer
Universiade four times as an optional sport,
University Games in comparison to and has seen some of the world’s best
Olympic and Commonwealth Games This analysis looks at performances in the archers taking part; Olympic champions
in order to medal or make the final. Olympic (OLY), Commonwealth (CWG) and Viktor RUBAN (UKR) and PARK Sung-
96.7%
The information will demonstrate that summer World University (WUGS) Games Hyung (KOR) are just two of many
in most cases not only is the level over the past decade. Olympic medallists who first competed at
of performance required at WUGS’s Universiades. The strength and success of
Sports included in the analysis focus on the the Archery events have led to the recent
higher than at the Commonwealth
Universiade ‘core sports’, but omit in this change to make it a compulsory sport in
Games, in some cases it is very close
first iteration the non-Commonwealth sports Universiades from 2019.
to the Olympic standard.
that did allow a comparison to be drawn :
Football, Volleyball and Water Polo. Archery has consistently featured in WUGS,
including individual and team events using
For each sports event, the 3rd place finish both the recurve and compound bows.
at OLY immediately preceding respective However, archery has only been in 1 CWG sport stats
CWG or WUGS is taken as the benchmark (Delhi) in the past decade, and only uses the n 100 men and 96 women archers
for comparison: 3rd place (podium finish) is recurve bow in OLY. This analysis therefore competed in Shenzhen 2011
used as it is more likely to eliminate bias of the n The women’s recurve competition
700
“superstar” effect at any given Games. included three athletes in the
men’s recurve
Eighth place finished are taken as an indicator 690 world Top 10
of depth, largely because many sports finals 680
n Archery is an optional sport at
have 8 competitors. It could be argued that the Universiade but will become
the 8th qualifying performance should be 670 compulsory in 2019
used; however, this is frequently less readily n The Universiade includes
660
traceable than 8th in the final, so the latter has competition in both Recurve
Score
been used. 650 and Compound
In “match play” events – such as badminton, n Mary Zorn of the USA won
640
basketball and table tennis – where absolute University titles in 2003 and 2004
scores do not exist, world rankings at the time 630 OLY3 whilst triple-World Champion
of competition have been used to describe OLY8 2001-2003-2005
performance standards. So, the world ranking 620 WUG3 n Men’s Games Record 72 arrow
WUG8
of the bronze medallist has been taken as the 610 recurve: 678/ World Record : 691
CWG3
performance for 3rd, and the average of the n Women’s Games Record 72
CWG8
ranking of the 2 lowest ranked losing quarter 600
Arrow recurve: 669/ World
finalists has been taken as 8th (the average Record : 682
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
of these has been used rather than just the
Year
lowest rank, in consideration of the probability
that it would have been one or other of these focuses on the individual recurve events,
700
who finished 8th, but not definitely either). using scores from the ranking rounds as the
women’s recurve benchmark.
In general, it was considered that trends
680 On the whole, performance at the Olympic
within a given sport would be replicated
Games has increased over the last decade,
between similar events in that sport, and so
such that the men’s event in London saw a
those events have been combined to create 660 new World Record.
averages. For example, trends in men’s
artistic gymnastics events were taken as the In the most recent cycle of WUGS and
Score
same between disciplines, and a combined 640 CWG, the men’s competitions provide
score presented in analysis. When this similar levels requiring performances of
pattern was considered appropriate but 96.7% and 98.0% for a medal, and 95.1%
scoring in events was significantly different 620 and 95.7% for 8th place; winning a medal
OLY3
(e.g. times between various sprints in in either requires a performance close to an
OLY8
athletics, or performances between various OLY final (98.3%).
WUG3
600
classes in weightlifting), performances have WUG8 n the women’s side, however, a WUGS
O
been normalized as percentages of the OLY CWG3 medal required a performance of 95.6% of
3rd place. In many cases, trends appeared CWG8 OLY, while CWG was only 92.0%, and 8th
580
similar within sports, and so analysis has place showed a relative lack of depth in the
been combined. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 CWG (90.6% and 84.6% respectively).
Year
athletics athletics performance
required to
win a medal
compared
to OLY
sport stats sport stats
n 771 men and 668 women amous names to have competed
F
competed in Shenzhen 2011, at the Universiade include :
representing more than 100 n Tomasz Majewski/ Poland/ Shot
countries Putt (Olympic Champion 2008 &
n 183, 974 Athletics tickets were
sold for the 42,000 capacity
stadium in Shenzhen, with an
2012) – Gold medal 2005
n Tatyana Lebedeva/ Russia/
Long Jump (Olympic Champion
96.6%
additional 58,000 viewing road 2004) – Gold medal 2001
running events
n Liu Yiang/ China/ 110m Hurdles
n Athletics is a Core sport at the (Olympic Champion 2004) – Gold
Universiade medal 2001
n Roman Sebrle/ Czech Republic/
Decathlon (Olympic Champion
2004) – Gold medal 1997
1.02
Athletics’ FISU history started with its inclusion into the compulsory programme at the For many, track and field athletics
first edition of the Summer Universiade in Turin in 1959. The Turin Universiade in 1970 is the staple of major multisport
men’s jumps
1.00
remains without doubt one of the most astonishing feats in Universiade history. With Games. This analysis takes data
a total of 98 national, 40 Universiade, 2 European and 2 World records, the athletics from the finals of all events that are
events concluded beyond all expectations. Athletics remains one of the most popular consistently in each of the Olympics, 0.98
and mass sports, and presently the Universiade athletic programme comprises 31 WUGS and CWG, so discounts only
Relative Performance
disciplines, 26 of which are Olympic. the marathons and 50km walks (which 0.96
1.02
are not in WUGS). Events have been
womEn’s sprints grouped in to sprints (all track events 0.94
up to and including 400m, including
1.00
relays), middle distance (800/1500m), 0.92
distance (all longer events), jumps (inc OLY3
0.98
pole vault) and throws. 0.90 OLY8
WUG3
Relative Performance
0.96 In general, the pattern of performances WUG8
0.88
between WUGS and CWG might be CWG3
0.94 summarised as saying that on the CWG8
0.86
track the CWG tends to shade WUGS,
0.92 with medals in either approaching the 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
OLY3 standard of OLY finals; but in field
Year
0.90 OLY8 events WUGS is stronger than CWG,
WUG3 sometimes by a good margin. More 1.05
0.88
WUG8 specifically: men’s throws
CWG3
CWG8 In men’s sprints and distance events,
0.86 CWG performances are faster 1.00
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 than WUGS, perhaps reflecting the
Year
presence of the dominant nations in
Relative Performance
the world (Caribbean and African, 0.95
Relevant statistics (%), compared to 3rd at OLY, are as follows: respectively).
OLY 3rd OLY 8th WUGS 3rd WUGS 8th CWG 3rd CWG 8th
The same is true for women in middle
Mens sprint 100 97.7 96.6 93.8 97.7 95.4
distance events, but more balanced for 0.90
Mens middle distance 100 97.9 96.4 94.8 97.4 93.8
women in sprints and distance events.
Mens distance 100 98.7 94.6 92.4 97.5 93.0 OLY3
Mens jumps 100 97.3 95.9 92.6 96.2 90.1 In the field, WUGS is consistently OLY8
Mens throws 100 96.0 92.6 87.0 90.9 83.2 stronger than CWG, except in men’s 0.85 WUG3
Womens sprint 100 96.9 95.6 92.3 95.9 92.7 jumps, again perhaps reflecting WUG8
Womens middle distance 100 97.7 95.5 93.5 97.5 96.1 the sprinting prowess previously CWG3
Womens distance 100 98.5 93.0 89.5 94.6 88.1 described. In all cases, though, the CWG8
0.80
Womens jumps 100 95.8 93.5 89.1 91.2 87.5 field events fall below the standard of
Womens throws 100 94.8 91.8 84.3 89.4 79.3 an OLY final. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
performance
Badminton World Ranking required to
win a medal at WUG’s: 27
Diving required to
win a medal
compared
to OLY
sport stats
n 88 men and 77 women
As described in the introduction, competed at Shenzhen 2011, In 1961 diving became a compulsory
world rankings have been used as representing 26 countries sport in the Summer Universiade
the measure of players’ performance.
However, world rankings are only
traceable from 2009; hence only
n Badminton is an Optional sport
at the Universiade
programme. Great success from the
beginning invited the best divers to
compete. One of the world’s greatest
89.1%
Games since then have been analysed. divers, the USA’s Greg Louganis, won
105
gold at the 1983 World University
The Olympic Games are evidently the Badminton
Games, a year before winning his first
strongest of the 3 Games. It appears 90 Olympic gold.
woMen’s
that in both men’s and women’s
Men’s
events, the strongest players take The 3m springboard and 10m
Most Recent World Ranking
75
part, such that averaged across the platform diving for both individuals and
Beijing and London Games, and synchronized pairs are staples of the
woMen’s
Men’s
across genders, the bronze medalist 60 Men’s Olympic Games. While other diving events
ranked 4.8 in the world; the 8th place have appeared in both the WUGS and
calculation averaged 17th; and there CWG, analysis is limited to these 4 events
woMen’s
45
to ensure a consistent benchmark.
Men’s
were no obvious differences between
woMen’s
men’s and women’s profiles. Similarly,
1.05 sport stats
woMen’s
there were not obvious differences 30
men’s diving
Men’s
woMen’s
in the strength of the men’s and n 76 men and 62 women
women’s events in the WUGS or
Men’s
15 1.00 competed in Bangkok,
CWG, with the Games themselves representing 24 countries
looking similar: Bronze at WUGS 0.95
0 n Diving is a core sport at the
averaged 27.3 compared to 28.5 at
Relative Performance
CWG; 8th places averaged 72.3 and Universiade
WUG3 WUG8 CWG3 CWG8 OLY3 OLY8
0.90
57.3, respectively. Event n In Shenzhen, 6 male and 5 female
Divers in Shenzhen were ranked
World Championship finishing position required to win a medal at WUG’s: 5 0.85 in the World Top 10
n The men’s 2006 World and
Women’s sport stats
0.80
OLY3
OLY8 2008 Olympic Champions Lin
basketball n The men’s competition is a 24
team tournament
0.75
WUG3
WUG8
Yue and Huo Liang (China)
took Gold in the 10m Synchro
This analysis took a country’s finishing CWG3 at the Universiade in 2011 – as
position at the immediately preceding n The women’s competition is a 16 CWG8 did their female counterparts,
0.70
FIBA World Championships as the team tournament 2008 Olympic and 2009 World
performance indicator of their relevant n Basketball is a Core sport at the 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Champions Chen Ruolin and
finishing position. Universiade Year Wang Xin.
While it is understood that the teams
representing countries in either WUGS 50 1.05
woMen’s
or CWG are probably not the same as Basketball women’s diving In both men’s and women’s
Men’s
those countries’ teams at the Olympics 1.00 events, there is indication that the
(e.g. due to age limits), the analysis still 40 CWG is a slightly higher standard
Most Recent World Champs Position
gives an indicator of the strength of entry than WUGS. On the men’s side,
0.95
relating to countries’ basketball pathway. a WUGS medal requires 89.1% of
Relative Performance
In the Olympics, the bronze medalists an OLY medal, with 8th place at
30
had on average finished 5.7th in the 0.90 77.3%; the CWG equivalents are
92.0% and 78.9%. For women,
woMen’s
preceding World Championships, with the
Men’s
8th place having been 10.7th. At WUGS, a WUGS medal requires 87.5%
woMen’s
0.85
20
Men’s
the equivalent statistics were 4.9th and and 8th 75.3%, compared to
woMen’s
Men’s
11.5th, indicating that similarly top ranked OLY3 87.5% and 78.1% at CWG. In both
woMen’s
woMen’s
0.80
Men’s
countries entered both WUGS and the OLY8 Games and across both genders, a
Olympics. In contrast, in the CWG the 10 WUG3 medal would approximate making
Men’s
statistics were 14.5th and 40th, indicating 0.75 WUG8 an OLY final (88.8%). For both
that the entry did not include prominent CWG3 genders, performances at WUGS
basketball countries (perhaps illustrating CWG8 were relatively in decline towards
0 0.70
why the sport has only appeared in the Belgrade 2009, but jumped
CWG once in the past decade). WUG3 WUG8 CWG3 CWG8 OLY3 OLY8 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 upwards in Shenzhen 2011.
Event Year
Fencing World Ranking required to
win a medal at WUG’s: 6
Case study: Gemma Gibbons
Fencing is one of the few sports competitors. Consistent with this, the In the summer of 2012 Gemma Gibbons
that have featured at every modern countries who placed 3rd and 8th in became a household name. Her performances
Olympic Games. With more than 300 WUGS averaged world rankings of 6th at the London Olympic Games drew the
attention of the world and her story enchanted
participating athletes, fencing is among and 11th (compared to 3rd and 9th for
the hearts and minds of the Great British
the most popular sports at the Summer the Olympics), showing that while not public. On her way to winning a celebrated
Universiade and was one of the sports necessarily the same fencers, the top silver medal Gemma beat three of the world’s
included at the first World University fencing countries take full part in WUGS. top 10 judokas and became Great Britain’s
Games in Turin. first Olympic judo medallist for 12 years.
Across competitions, there appeared 0 Much work goes into becoming an Olympic
to be no obviously different trends FENCING TEAM (AVERAGE) medallist and Gemma greatly values the
between weapons or genders, so the 2 experience she gained at two World University
analysis looks at overall averages for Games. Gemma, a BUCS National Champion
individual and team competitions. With 4
in 2007, 2008 and 2009, represented Great
Britain at World University Games in 2007,
fencing not appearing in the CWG, this
in Bangkok, finishing 7th and then again in
is a straight comparison of the WUGS 6 Belgrade in 2009, this time bringing home a
World Ranking
with the Olympics. bronze medal.
There is no surprise that the Olympics 8
In Bangkok Gibbons defeated Kyong Sol
are considerably stronger than
from Korea and Nataliya Smal from Ukraine
the WUGS, with individual bronze 10
en-route to the semi-finals of the U70kg
medalists averaging a world ranking category. Defeat in the semi-final to eventual
of 5th, and a representative 8th 12 silver medallist Purevjargal Lkhamdegd from
place averaging a ranking of 16th. In OLY3 Mongolia meant that Gemma’s medal hopes
comparison, WUGS 3rd and 8th held 14
OLY8 would be determined in the repecharge
WUG3 against Linda Bolder of the Netherlands.
average rankings of 59th and 100th.
WUG8
What is encouraging is that in almost 16
“I was lucky enough to have the experience
all cases, WUGS quarter finalists of competing in two World University Games,
held a world ranking, indicating that 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
and in the latter, in 2009, I secured the bronze
they were experienced international Year medal for Great Britain. This meant that having
already competed in a senior international
multi-sport event, I wasn’t overwhelmed when
sport stats it came to competing at the Olympic Games.
n 212 male and 154 female fencers
London was my first Olympic Games, but it
from 46 countries contested the wasn’t my first experience of being in a multi-
competition in Shenzhen sport multi-country living environment, having
n Fencing is a core sport at the meals in a hall bigger than a football pitch or
Universiade being part of a massive team with one main
goal of gaining as many medals for team GB
n Famous names to have as possible.
competed at the Universiade
include Valentina Vezzali (Foil; I believe my experiences at the World
Italy), a five time Universiade University Games allowed me to enter my
Champion and six time first Olympic Games with an understanding
of what to expect from such a major event. I
Olympic Champion
was therefore able to focus on the job at hand
and didn’t become distracted by everything
going on around me, which was vital to my
preparations and subsequently winning my
silver Medal”
performance
Artistic gymnastics required to
win a medal
Shooting performance
required to
compared win a medal
to OLY compared
to OLY
Artistic gymnastics was added to
the programme of the Summer
Universiade in 1961 in Sofia, Bulgaria.
Great Britain’s Beth Tweddle has
95.6%
participated in two World University
99.5%
Games, in 2005 in Izmir and in 2009
in Belgrade. At her two appearances
at World University Games Beth
won five medals including three gold
medals making her one of the most
decorated British athletes in WUG’s
competition.
Artistic gymnastics is a staple of
all major Games and so provides
a consistent and detailed data set.
With the scoring system having
changed at the start of 2006, the
analysis focuses on performances 17
from the Melbourne Commonwealth men’s Artistic Gymnastics
Games onwards. When any evident
anomalies have appeared for 8th 16
place scores (e.g. zero or more than
1 whole point below 7th) these have 15
been discarded and replaced by the
7th place score. Shooting is one of the youngest sports
sport stats
14
in the history of FISU. In 2011, shooting n 235 male and 184 female
Score
Interestingly, in general, scores in
was appointed as an optional sport for shooters contested the
artistic gymnastics seem to have 13
the 26th Universiade in Shenzhen, China, competition in Shenzhen 2011
been declining over the last decade.
Consistently, however, scores in for the third time in the history of FISU. n Sport Shooting is an Optional
OLY3
WUGS have been higher than those 12 sport at the Universiade
OLY8 Shooting consistently appears in the
in CWG, such that a summary would WUG3 Olympics and CWG, and was in the n Over 90% of the shooters in
say that a medal at WUGS would 11 WUG8 WUGS in Bangkok 2007 and Shenzhen Shenzhen were members of
almost make an OLY final, and CWG3 their National teams
2011. A variety of events occur across
8th at WUGS would earn a CWG CWG8
10 these three Games, with this analysis
medal. The respective percentages focusing on those that regularly appear in
are 95.6% and 90.6% for 3rd and 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 the Olympics. For men these are 10m air
8th in men’s competition at WUGS Year pistol, 25m rapid fire pistol, 50m pistol,
compared to 91.0% and 83.6% at 10m air rifle, 50m rifle prone, 50m rifle
17 1.05
CWG; and 92.0% and 84.6% at
WUGS compared to 87.1% and
women’s Artistic Gymnastics 3 position, trap, double trap and skeet; shooting
for women they are 10m air pistol, 25m
77.9% at CWG for women. It is 16
pistol, 10m air rifle, 50m rifle 3 positions,
evident that in both WUGS and CWG trap and skeet. There appeared to be
1.00
the standard of competition falls away 15 no different trends between weapons
quicker in the women than men. or genders, so the analysis is combined
Relative Performance
14
across the whole sport. 0.95
Score
Quite remarkably, performances at
13 WUGS come very close to those at the
0.90
Olympics, with bronze medal scores
sport stats OLY3 averaging 99.5% and 8th place scores OLY3
12
n 129 male and 48 female OLY8 averaging 96.8%, compared to 8th at OLY8
Gymnasts from 40 countries were WUG3 OLY being 96.0% of an OLY medal! 0.85 WUG3
represented in Shenzhen 2011 11 WUG8 In comparison, the CWG are relatively WUG8
n Gymnastics is a core sport at the CWG3 weak, averaging 91.5% and 85.9% for CWG3
Universiade, and also includes CWG8 3rd and 8th. Thus shooting is probably CWG8
10 0.80
Rhythmic Gymnastics the clearest indicator of the quality of
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 the WUGS. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year Year
Swimming performance
required to
Table tennis World Ranking required to
win a medal at WUG’s: 86
win a medal
compared
to OLY
Swimming is one of the staples of major Table tennis is the youngest a consistent difference between the 2
Games, with the Olympics generally compulsory sport in the programme events). In terms of depth, 8th in WUGS sport stats
considered the pinnacle of the sport. Thus of the Summer Universiade but it has and CWG averaged 162nd and 297th, n 128 male and 93 female players
it provides an excellent benchmark for a long history within the FISU World respectively, evidently showing that the competed in Shenzhen 2011
comparison of highly consistent data sets, University Championships. tournaments are far weaker than the n Table Tennis is a Core sport at
97.5%
for the purposes of this analysis looking at Olympics, but that the WUGS may have the Universiade
While both OLY and WUGS include
only pool events included in the Olympics. more strength in depth than CWG.
individual and team table tennis
There appeared to be no different trends
competitions, world rankings could
between strokes or individual versus 350
only be traced for individual players
relay events, so these were averaged by Table tennis (COMBINED)
rather than national teams. Hence
gender. No account has tried to be made 297.4
this analysis only details individual 300
for changes in competition formats (e.g.
competitions.The Olympic Games are
heats, semis, finals) or technology (e.g.
understandably the strongest of the 3 250
swim suits).
Games. It appears that in both men’s
With the Olympics as the benchmark, it is and women’s events, the strongest
World Ranking
200
clear that both the WUGS and CWG are of players take part, such that averaged
a very high standard. In men’s events, to across the Athens, Beijing and London 162.7
win a medal in WUGS and CWG requires 101
Games, and across genders, the bronze 150
a performance averaging 97.4% and men’s swimming (average) medallist ranked 5.7 in the world; the 8th
97.8% of an Olympic medal, respectively; 100 place calculation averaged 27th showing 100 86
for women, the equivalent statistics are the variability present in table tennis 73
97.5% and 98.3%. The slightly higher 99 tournaments. In comparison, 3rd place
requirement for women’s medals at CWG across the last 3 WUGS averaged 86th in 50
27
Relative Performance %
may be indicative of the particular strength 98 the world, and 3rd place across the last 5.7
of Australian women over the past decade, 2 CWG averaged 73rd (the latter statistic 0
97
who arguably have been world leaders. In was perhaps skewed by a particularly
all cases, these medalists would have been high ranking player medalling in the WUG3 WUG8 CWG3 CWG8 OLY3 OLY8
96
close to an OLY final (98.1%). Delhi Games, rather than necessarily Event
Depth is slightly stronger at WUGS than 95
OLY3
at CWG, particularly among the men: 8th OLY8
94
place at WUGS requires 95.3% and 94.9% WUG3
of an OLY medal for men and women WUG8
93
respectively, with the CWG equivalents CWG3
being 94.0% and 94.3%. The depth of CWG8
92
WUGS most likely reflects the greater range
of countries involved in the Universiade. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
101
sport stats women’s swimming (average)
100
n 340 male and 255 female
Swimmers competed in 99
Shenzhen 2011
Relative Performance %
98
n Swimming is a Core sport at the
Universiade
97
n Famous names to have
competed at the Universiade 96
include Britta Steffen (Germany)
– 50 and 100m freestyle Olympic 95
OLY3
Champion 2008 and Double OLY8
Universiade gold-medallist 2007, 94
WUG3
and Frederica Pellegrini 200m WUG8
93
freestyle Olympic Champion CWG3
2008 and Double Universiade CWG8
92
gold-medallist 2007.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Yearperformance
Weightlifting required to
win a medal
Summary of findings
compared
to OLY
Through this analysis, it is clear that the
relative strength of competition between
the University and Commonwealth
Games is sport specific, with sports
90.7%
such as track athletics and swimming
– where Commonwealth nations like
Australia, and the Caribbean and African
countries dominate the Olympics –
favoring the Commonwealth Games.
However, highlighting such specificity,
competition in athletics field events is
considerably stronger in the University
Games. Likewise, archery (particularly
women’s), artistic gymnastics,
basketball, shooting and weightlifting
all showed higher performance
standards in the Universiade than
Commonwealths. Further, there were
signs of more depth – not surprising
considering the number of participating
nations and athletes – in men’s
swimming and table tennis.
There are clearly strong arguments –
sport stats around the scale, performance standard
and experience of environment – to
n 140 male and 76 female lifters factor the World University Games in
from 34 countries competed in to the performance pathway of many
Shenzhen 2011 sports, providing perhaps the closest
n W
eightlifting is an Optional sport analogy to the Olympics outside of
at the Universiade the Olympiad itself. Bringing together
hundreds of athletes under the banner
of Team GBR, competing against truly
global competition, in grand stadia with
In the past decade, weightlifting has relation to depth, 8th place in WUGS in an absolute sense, it required a tens of thousands of spectators, and
only appeared in the most recent required performances of 83.9% and performance to place 8th at WUGS evidently at world class standard is
WUGS in Shenzhen. There, it included 79.5% of an OLY medal, compared within 2-3kg either way of 3rd at CWG invaluable preparation.
all of the Olympic categories, except to 73.0% and 68.3% in CWG. Indeed, for both men and women.
the lightest for women (the 48kg For details of the Universiade
class). Hence, this analysis looks at and the opportunity as an NGB or
1.05
the combined totals for men’s and student athlete to fully engage,
women’s weightlifting please visit www.bucs.org.uk/kazan
women’s weightlifting competitions 1.00
averaged across the 56, 62, 69, 77,
85, 94, 105 and +105kg classes for 0.95
men and the 53, 58, 63, 69, 75 and sport stats
+75kg classes for women. 0.90 n Shooters need to hit 99.5% of
Relative Performance
Olympic medal performances to
In its single appearance in the WUGS, 0.85
medal at WUGS, and swimmers
the weightlifting competition was of
97.4%
considerably higher standard than 0.80
any of the CWG events in the past n In Archery, Diving, Shooting,
decade. For example, medaling in 0.75 Swimming and Weightlifting,
OLY3 a WUGS medal performance
WUGS required performances of OLY8
90.7% and 90.6% of Olympic medals 0.70 would make an Olympic Final
WUG3
for men and women respectively, while WUG8 n In 11 of 21 analyses, the
0.65
in CWG the equivalents were 84.5% CWG3 performance standard of WUGS
and 81.1%. For women especially, a CWG8 was stronger and/or deeper
0.60
medal in WUGS would have earned than CWGs
them a place in the OLY final. In 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
YearKazan 2013 Partner with BUCS
key Facts on the nO
ut of the 50 sports venues that will be used during the
Universiade, 30 will be newly built
The World University Games showcases the best of student sporting talent with
Team GBR athletes representing a broad selection of BUCS Universities from
Case Study: Xtep,
across Great Britain. Through BUCS, organisations can enjoy working with this World University
2013 Summer nT
he enormous volume of work carried out for the
preparation and holding of the 2013 Universiade allowed
sporting talent and aligning themselves with dedicated student athletes including
Games 2011
future Olympians.
Universiade Kazan to bid for the hosting of other important world
sporting events. As a result, Kazan will hold the FINA Xtep partnered with BUCS as the
World University Games
World Water Sports Championships in 2015 and the official kit supplier for the 2011
Dates: July 6th to 17th, 2013 FIFA World Cup in 2018 World University Games Team GBR
City: Kazan, Russian Federation nT
he budget for Kazan 2013 exceeds £3 billion – 2013, Kazan, Russia. delegation. The games were very
successful for Team GBR with over
composed of an operational budget of £250 million and
The games in numbers:
70% of GB athletes exceeding their
2013 Summer Universiade an infrastructure investment of £2.8 billion personal performance aspirations,
nK
azan is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. It nT
o be eligible, Great Britain athletes must hold a UK entry rankings or PB’s during
is one of the largest economic, scientific and cultural passport, be between 17 and 28 years old, and be n 13,500 participants the 2011 WUGs with the games
centres in the Russian Federation. Kazan has acquired studying at University (anywhere in the world) OR have representing the highlight of the
the right to be officially called the “Third Capital” and graduated in the previous academic year n 170 countries season for many of the athletes.
“Sports Capital” of Russia and is also known as the city Xtep provided the Team GBR
n 1,500 accredited media
nT
eam GBR’s mission is to provide the best opportunity
of students for all participants to meet and exceed their performance delegation with full leisure kit for
0 hours of dedicated coverage on
nF
rom July 6th to July 17th, 2013, more than 13,500 targets and aspirations at the Games the duration of the trip to Shenzhen
athletes and members of delegations from 170 countries
n6 for the 2011 games. The Team
as well as more than 1,500 media representatives are
nB
UCS vision is to enhance the student experience
through sport
Eurosport and Eurosport 2 GBR delegation was made up of
expected in Kazan 220 individuals representing 40
nA
bout 100,000 tourists and fans from Russia and abroad
n 50,000 tourists universities or colleges in the UK.
For more information please contact Xtep enjoyed extensive host nation
will visit Kazan for the Universiade
Neil Rogers Head of International Programmes n 700,000 ticket sales and international media coverage
nD
uring the Universiade the FISU Conference on (which was secured through BUCS
e neil.rogers@bucs.org.uk
“University and Olympic Sports: two medals – one goal” t +44 (0)207 633 5089 n 20,000 volunteers dedicated media officer) as well as
will be held in Kazan from July 6th to 10th, 2013 leveraging their sponsorship through
get (£2.8bn)
n 120bn rubles infrastructure bud Team GBR athlete appearances,
sponsor events and brand exposure
(£250m)
n 10.5bn rubles operational budget to over 10,000 participants from
over 150 countries.
hletes)
redicted team GBR gender split (at
nP
57% female/ 43% male
BUCS Commercial current and previous partners include Mars,
PwC, Lucozade, Xtep, Kukri, Red Bull and Nike.
For further information or to discuss
the opportunities available with
BUCS further please contact:
Alex Scotcher
Head of Commercial,
Communications and Marketing
e alex.scotcher@bucs.org.uk
t +44 (0)207 633 5080
The main stadium has capacity for 45,000 people
and was designed by Populous, also responsible for Lou Allen
designing Arsenal’s Emirates Stadium and the London Sponsorship Account Manager
2012 Olympic Stadium e Louise.allen@bucs.org.uk
t +44 (0)207 633 5081British Universities & Colleges Sport 20-24 King’s Bench Street, London SE1 0QX T: 020 7633 5080 F: 020 3268 2120 E: info@bucs.org.uk www.bucs.org.uk
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