Pelargonium - flu - Advisers in Development
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
n at u r a l
colds
& flu
buster
Pelargonium
S I D O I D E S
MaDE wIth
O rga nic
c ert ifi ed
our Vision
Our vision is to identify and develop new medicines
from the vast botanical resources in Southern africa.
our Values
we honour the inherent value of african medicinal
herbs. we respect nature and strive to employ the best
practices in sustainable wild harvesting. we strive to
uplift the communities we work with by developing
profit sharing and skills development partnerships with
indigenous people.
our mission
afrigetics wish to introduce the world to the immense
healing power of african botanical resources. we
are committed to developing commercially viable
ingredients and developing strong supply chains to
deliver our product to the international
wellness market.
natural
africa science
abOut us
t. + 27( 0 ) 67 8 68 8 48 8
sa l es@ a f ri g eti c s .co m
www. a f ri ge t i cs .co m
01 02
Our ValuES
abOut us
02
whY PElarGONIuM?
03
thE aFrIGEtICS StOrY
06
PrECIOuS PElarGONIuM
07
PErFECt PElarGONIuM
NaturES POwErhOuSE
the PelargOnium stOry
aFrICaN OrIGINS
SuStaINablE SOurCING
09 11 13
PharMaCOlOGICal aCtION
15
thrEE-waY EFFECt
18
ClINICal StuDIES
CO NTENTS
the science
19
trEatablE CONDItIONS
23
INFOrMatION rESOurCES
& KNOwlEDGE SharING
25
PrODuCt SPECIFICatIONS
31
FEaturED PrODuCt
32
raw MatErIal
PrOducts
34
P e la r g o ni u m
lIquID ExtraCtS
PrODuCt
si d o i d e s
DEVElOPMENt
36 39
rEquESt
SaMPlE
41
PaCKaGING
us tO yOu
43
www. a f r i ge ti c s .com
sa l e s@a fr i g eti c s.co m
t.+ 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 488
lOGIStICS
45
message Why should you be
interested in
from Pelargonium
#1
our Ceo sidoides?
Clinically
Proven
Pelargonium is proven
to reduce the duration Over 20 clinical trials and
many other studies have
and severity of the been done on Pelargonium
sidoides and the results are
common cold. outstanding.
In this brochure I want to introduce you to our
flagship product, Pelargonium sidoides, a plant
that has significant commercial and healing
potential in the world of natural cold and flu
phytomedicines.
As the CEO of Afrigetics I look forward to
developing partnerships that ensure our mutual
success through doing business in a way that is
ethical, innovative and dynamically responsive
to the continually changing needs of our global
natural products marketplace. Our goal is to be Commercial market
the trusted experts in the supply of Pelargonium to success stories growth
the global marketplace and to offer you a reliable
The commercial success records Sales for the cough, cold, flu,
and accredited supply chain with our range of and allergy remedy market are
of Kaloba TM and Umcka ColdCare TM
Why PelargOnium?
innovative products. with reported sales of over EUR80 m constantly on the rise, especially
#2 in 2006 alone. in the natural products category. #3
steven Hurt
Owner & Director
afrigetics botanicals Business with GloBal Reach t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l e s@a fr i ge ti cs .co m
www. a f r i get i c s .com
03 04
tHe afrigetiCs story
afrigetics is a leading exporter of southern african medicinal herbs.
our award-winning team prides itself on providing superior african
healing plants to the international market.
afrigetics is rooted in african ethnopharmacology.
we are experts in traditional medicinal knowledge
and our team maintain strong ties with local plant
protecting and developing african botanical
users. we are leaders in sustainable harvesting
wisdom. we are poised to unlock the tremendous
and diligent partners with rural harvesters.
potential of african medicinal herbs and bring
afrigetics is committed to combining twentieth
these resources to a global platform. we wish to
century innovation with ancient african indigenous
share the success of the african pharmacopeia with
knowledge. Our products are backed-by-science,
the world and we believe the star of our medicine
afrigetics has research partnerships with a
chest is undoubtedly the african pelargonium.
number of South african universities. we have a
afrigetics seeks to empower our clients to reap
proven track record as reliable exporters and are
the benefits of these valued botanicals in their
pioneering novel processing techniques to bring
products, thus enabling others to share in the
our clients tailor-made raw materials and extracts.
healing power of nature.
afrigetics is driven by superior quality, we
believe our standards of food safety set us apart. “We believe that the botanical
afrigetics has invested in a state of the art quality resources of africa may hold the
assurance system with FSSC 22000 accreditation. key to the treatment of major
this Food Safety System Certification medical and health ailments and,
demonstrates our company’s robust and effective we want to be at the forefront of
management system. Our reliable team are well these discoveries…”
positioned to meet the requirements of regulators,
food business clients and consumers. In addition, MaDE wIth
afrigetics are licenced distributors of indigenous O r ga n i c
flora and FDa registered.
c e rt if i e d
afrigetics are passionate about discovering,
t. + 27( 0 ) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l es@ a fr i g e ti cs .co m
www. a f ri ge t i cs.com
05 06
PreCious
Pelargonium
africa’s natural relief
for colds, flu and
respiratory tract infections.
t. + 27( 0 ) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l es@ a fr i g e ti cs .co m
www. a f ri ge t i cs.com
06 07
PerfeCt
harvested
in lesotho
Pelargonium,
natures
Shipped from
Cape town PoWerHouse
Pelargonium sidoides is a small and
humble shrub that grows abundantly
Processed in in the sun warmed, stony soil of
Eden District the South african Eastern Cape
and lesotho grasslands. Known
locally by its common name, african
geranium, it can be found nestled
beneath tall grasses and aromatic
floral neighbours on coastal slopes.
the small indigenous herb has soft,
velvety textured grey-green leaves
and dark magenta coloured flowers.
this insignificant looking plant
however contains a treasure trove of
medicinal compounds and has been
part of local healing practices for
millennia. Pelargonium is an example
of nature’s immune boosting and
pathogen fighting power. It is
celebrated as afrigetics botanicals’
flagship commercial herb.
t. + 27( 0 ) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l es@ a fr i g e ti cs .co m
www. a f ri ge t i cs.com
08 09
the drug is listed
in the european
and african
Pharmacopoeia
afriCan
and has european
approval as a herbal
medicine and food
etHnobotaniCal
supplement.
origins
the original hunter gatherer inhabitants of Southern In the 1990’s, a German drug manufacturer, Schwabe
africa, the Koi-San, knew of this herb and used Pharmaceuticals, developed a highly popular herbal
it for the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. cough syrup called “umckaloabo” containing
Knowledge of the small bush later fell into the liquid extract Eps7630. In 2006, this company
hands of the Cape Dutch colonists, who christened sold more than Eur80 million of this pelargonium
it rooirabas, perhaps for its red tinted tuberous based product. the drug is listed in the European
roots. herdsmen dubbed the plant “Kalverbossie”, and african Pharmacopoeia and has European
meaning ‘calf bush’ and used the woody twisted approval as a herbal medicine and food supplement.
underground rhizomes to treat stomach complaints Schwabe’s withdrawal of the patents for this
in their animals. It served in Cape herbal medicine as medicine in 2010 has allowed other pharmaceutical
a tonic for weakness, fatigue and in the treatment of companies to follow suit and explore the potential of
gonorrhoea. this natural remedy.
the ethnobotanical potential of african Geranium
was brought to Europe in the early 1900’s after a
young explorer called Charles henry Stevens was
treated in South africa for his pulmonary tuberculosis
by a local healer. a bitter tea made of the roots of
the plant drove his illness into remission. he then
used the umckaloabo herb to develop “Stevens’
Consumption Cure” and marketed it in England. It
wasn’t until the 1970’s, well after Steven’s death that
the plant ingredient of his remedy was identified as
Pelargonium.
t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l e s@a fr i ge ti cs .co m
www. a f r i get i c s .com
10 11
Afrigetics Botanicals sustainable
recognises the immense
value in South Africa’s
indigenous medicinal plants
sourCing
be
and works in partnership
ly
replanting the cuttings. they leave the deeper, more
PP
ne
with KP Botanicals to mature roots in the soil, to allow for rapid regrowth
su
fi
after harvesting. In addition to supplementing
provide a sustainable
t
their income, and under the stipulations of the
long-term supply of wild biodiversity act, local collectors and land owners
harvested Pelargonium. profit from a benefit sharing agreement where a
rand value of their harvest is paid into a government
controlled ‘bioprospecting trust Fund’ for
Currently P. sidoides is listed on the red Data list distribution within the community.
of South africa’s species as of ‘least concern’, they
state that less than 5% of the local population afrigetics botanicals recognises that despite its best
is being impacted by harvesting (red Data list, efforts, currently well managed wild stocks may be
2017). Even so, strict controls by the South african subject to depletion in the future and are actively
Department of Environmental affairs require working with the university of Stellenbosch towards
collectors to obtain a bioprospecting licence. within refining a cultivation system for P. sidoides. Plant
the constraints of the biodiversity act, our primary breeding practices will be used to identify cultivars
processors identifies areas of wild cultivation and with the highest levels of active ingredients and
trains harvesters in rural areas to identify and grow these on specialized farms in the Eden District
collect the Pelargonium. Care is taken to prevent using ecological cultivation methods.
overharvesting of the underground tuberous roots
and so to provide a supply for posterity, protect with this aim in mind, our primary processing
the herb from extinction and to provide an ongoing partners have entered into a benefit sharing
livelihood for local collectors. agreement with the indigenous communities of
Southern africa who harvest our herbs through a
Many of the collectors subcontracted by our primary network of 350 families. Furthermore, as licensed
processors are elderly members in their communities collaborators of a bio-prospectors permit, we are
with rich traditional knowledge of indigenous plants. poised to continue unlocking the potential of africa’s
harvesters actively propagate the plant material Green Gold, for many years to come.
as it is collected, by breaking off aerial shoots and t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l e s@a fr i ge ti cs .co m
www. a f r i get i c s .com
12 13
Traditional herbal
PHarmaCologiCal
medicinal product
for the symptomatic
treatment of the
Pela r go n i um
aCtion si do i de s
Pelargonium acts by preventing bacteria from both the duration and severity of these illnesses.
common cold sticking to the cells lining the respiratory system One such preparation, Eps7630, prepared by
and by stimulating white blood cells to attack and Schwabe Pharmaceuticals has been the subject of
destroy these invading bacteria. the chemicals over 20 clinical studies, involving 9000 people.
contained in this medicine also help to support
the immune system by producing specific proteins, Pelargonium’s success as a cold and flu buster is
called defensins, to protect cells from invasion. the unsurprising as over half of general practitioner’s
antiviral properties of P. sidoides lies in its ability to visits involve patients complaining of upper
stimulate the body’s cells to produce interferon, a respiratory tract infections. adults can suffer from
chemical that ‘interferes’ with virus replication. Its as many as four colds annually and young children
antibacterial effect is attributed to chemicals in the get up to 12 times per year. It is considered to be
extract causing the tiny hair-like projections which the single largest cause of work and school related
line our respiratory tract, called cilia, to beat faster absenteeism. antibiotics are generally considered
and to expel mucous. In addition, chemicals found in to be ineffective for most cases of colds and flu, yet
the plant have a mucolytic effect, helping to dissolve treatment is clearly needed.
thick mucus in the airways.
the dried rhizomes of P. sidoides contain a host of
there is no cure for the common cold, since it is chemical compounds. among these are polyphenols
spread by a virus, but Pelargonium has been proven including gallic acids. Polyphenols are a group of
to aid healing. this herbal medicine has been shown plant chemicals which give foods a bitter taste,
to be safe and effective and may form an important represent potent plant defence chemicals and often
alternative to antibiotics. act as powerful antioxidants. root extracts are rich in
coumarins, including a unique phytochemical called
Many pharmaceutical companies use ethanol to ‘umckalin’. In addition, the remedy contains powerful
extract the active ingredients from the pelargonium flavonoids including quercetin, catechin and
root. these extracts have proven effective for the gallocatechin. these plant nutrients are responsible
treatment of respiratory tract infections including for vivid colour in fruit and vegetables and have anti-
prevents bacteria causes cilia to stimulates white immune system produces mucolytic effect bronchitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis and the common cold. inflammatory and immune boosting properties.
from sticking to beat faster and blood cells support by interferon that helps to dissolve
the cells lining to expel mucous to attack and producing ‘interferes’ with thick mucus in Clinical trials have shown the medicine to reduce
t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
the respiratory & bacteria destroy bacteria defensins to virus replication airways
sa l e s@a fr i g eti c s .co m
system protect cells www.a f r ig et i c s .com
14 15tHree-Way effeCt
Pelargonium has been shown to have a three-way effect
antibaCterial antiviral eXPeCtorant
the Pelargonium sidoides Similarly, Pelargonium the extract acts as an
extract prevents bacteria from sidoides prevents viruses expectorant, allowing the
attaching to cells in mucous from attaching to the body to expel contaminated
membranes. 1 mucous membrane cells and mucous, making conditions
stimulates the body’s immune less suitable for the
Pelargonium sidoides system in such a way that multiplication of the bacteria
extracts inhibit the both bacteria and viruses are and viruses – can only find
adherence of bacteria such prevented from multiplying. 1 animal data.
as Streptococcus pyogenes
and helicobacter pylori to In vitro, the extracts show the three-way effect attacks
epithelial cells in vitro. efficacy against cellular the acute infection at its
infections with influenza root, the stabilisation of the
Furthermore, ciliated cells virus, hSV, EMCV, rSV, immune system prevents a re-
isolated from the nasal coronavirus, parainfluenza infection and the vicious circle
epithelium enhanced their virus, and coxsackie virus, of infection, a short recovery
ciliary beat frequency in the and this appears to be phase and new infection is
presence of these extracts, mainly mediated indirectly by broken.
which should allow a better inhibition of virus attachment
removal of excess mucous and spreading.
and bacteria.
1. witte K, Koch E, Volk h-D, wolk K, Sabat r. the Pelargonium sidoides Extract EPs 7630 Drives the t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
Innate Immune Defense by activating Selected MaP Kinase Pathways in human Monocytes. PlOS ONE sa l e s@a fr i g eti c s .co m
2015;1-13. | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0138075 www.a f r ig et i c s .com
16 16CliniCal studies
Summary of Clinical Studies into Efficacy
of Pelargonium sidoides extract EPs 7630
the efficacy of the Pelargonium sidoides extract bereznoy (2003) points out that more than half of
against a number of bacterial and viral infections the Pelargonium sidoides extract group were able
has been well researched. this extract has been the to get out of bad after two days of treatment. In the
subject of over 20 clinical studies involving more placebo group, however, more than half the patients
than 9,000 patients, including children as young as were either still in bed on day 4 or had abandoned
one year (brown, 2009). It has been shown to safely the study because of a lack of efficacy. this
and effectively treat acute upper respiratory tract reduction in bed rest of 48 hours under Pelargonium
infections such as bronchitis, tonsillopharyngitis, sidoides extract, compared with the placebo, shows
sinusitis and the common cold. the following is a the benefit of this treatment. Indeed, it is more than
summary of some of the clinical data available: double the reported benefit of antibiotic treatment
at 16 hours (Del Mar, 2001). Six days after beginning
treatment, 80% of the Pelargonium sidoides extract
tonsillitis group were back at school, whereas only 20% of the
placebo group were able to resume school (bereznoy
Professor V.V. bereznoy MD, treated over 140 et al, 2003).
children with bacterial tonsillitis in a placebo-
controlled trial in Kiev in 2003. his treated
approximately half the children with Eps 7630 bronchitis
(manufactured by Schwabe Pharmaceuticals) and
the remainder with a placebo. the children took Matthys et al, (2003) studied the efficacy of
3ml of the extract per day for 6 days. researchers Pelargonium sidoides extract in adults with acute
in this study monitored pain, difficulty swallowing, bronchitis. the group of researchers conducted
salivation, redness, fever and headache, using a a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
‘tonsillitis severity score’. bereznoy’s study confirmed trial on over 450 patients. this study found that
the superiority of Pelargonium sidoides extract Pelargonium sidoides extract was superior in efficacy
compared to the placebo. the study demonstrated compared to placebo in the treatment of adults
the ability of Pelargonium sidoides extract to reduce with acute bronchitis. treatment with Pelargonium
the severity of all five symptoms, shortened the sidoides extract clearly reduced the severity of
duration of the illness and protected patients from symptoms, duration of illness and shortened the time
complications. taken off work by nearly 2 days (Matthys et al, 2003).
rapid recovery was observed in three quarters of
the patients treated with Pelargonium sidoides Further observational studies by haidvogl and heger
extract and a third of those treated with the placebo. (2007) examined the effect of Pelargonium sidoides
t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l e s@a fr i g eti c s .co m
www.a f r ig et i c s .com
18 19extract on over 740 children with acute bronchitis. their cold symptoms including; nasal discharge,
the researchers monitored treatment with the herbal sore throat, nasal congestion, sneezing, hoarseness,
extract for up to 14 days. Five ‘bronchitis specific cough, headache, muscle aches, and fever. lizogub,
symptoms’ were summed up to give an overall riley and herger (2009) report that Pelargonium
measure of disease severity. haidvogl and heger sidoides extract represents an effective treatment
concluded that Pelargonium sidoides extract is a of the common cold. after 10 days, 78.8% of the
safe and effective treatment for acute bronchitis. Pelargonium sidoides extract group was clinically
In addition, they note that in 88.3% of cases, cured compared with 31.4% in the placebo group.
the responsible physician rated the treatment as the Pelargonium sidoides extract group returned to
successful. adverse events were minor and transitory work on average of 2 days earlier than the placebo
group.
sinusitis In conclusion, clinical trials have shown that P.
sidoides extract is an effective treatment for a
a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled number of upper respiratory tract infections.
study of 103 adult patients with acute sinusitis was Kolodziej (2011) points to the reasons for its
conducted by bachert et al at 11 clinics, in Kiev, therapeutic effects; antibacterial activity, antiviral
in 2009. the patients were studied for 21 days activity, immune stimulation and an increase in
and assessed on 6 symptoms of sinusitis including ciliary beat frequency.
headache, nasal obstruction and discharge. bachert
et al (2009) report that by day 7, 63% of the
Pelargonium sidoides extract group were back to BiBliography
work compared with 37% in the placebo group. by bachert, C. et al. 2009, ‘treatment of acute rhinosinusitis with the preparation
day 21, sinus x-rays were normal in more than 90% from Pelargonium sidoides EPs 7630: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-
controlled trial’, rhinology, Vol. 47, no. 1, pp 51-58
of the Pelargonium sidoides extract group compared
with 10% for the placebo group. the researchers bereznoy, V. et al. 2003, ‘Efficacy of extract of Pelargonium sidoides
in children with acute non-group a beta-hemolytic Streptococcal
highlighted “improvements shown in the patients’ tonsillopharyngitis; a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial’,
alternative therapies, Vol. 9, no. 5, pp 68-79
health-related quality of life, activity level and
general well-being”, they further observed a quicker brown, D. 2009, ‘Pelargonium sidoides Extract (EPs 7630) alternative
treatment of acute upper respiratory tract Infections’, Natural Medicine
return to work. bachert et al (2009) conclude that Journal, Vol. 1, issue 12,
“Pelargonium sidoides extract should be considered Del Mar, C. Glasziou, P. Spinks, a. 2001, ‘antibiotics for Sore throat’, the
as a possible first line treatment even in patients Cochrane library, Issue 1
suffering from an acute rhinosinusitis of presumably haidvogl, M. and heger, M. 2007, ‘treatment effect and safety of EPs
7630 solution in acute bronchitis in childhood: report of a multicentre
bacterial origin”. observational study’, Phytomedicine, Vol. 14, supp. 1, pp 60-64
Kolodziej, h. 2011, ‘antimicrobial, antiviral and Immunomodulatory
activity Studies of Pelargonium sidoides (Eps 7630) in the context of health
Common Cold Promotion’, Pharmaceuticals, Vol. 4, no. 10, pp 1295-1314
lizogub, V. riley, D. heger, M. 2007, ‘Efficacy of a Pelargonium sidoides
preparation in patients with the common cold: a randomized, double-blind,
lizogub, riley and herger (2009) examined the placebo-controlled clinical trial’, Explore, Vol. 3, Issue. 6, pp 573-584.
efficacy of Pelargonium sidoides extract on Matthys, h. et al, 2003, ‘Efficacy and safety of an extract of Pelargonium
patients with the common cold, one of the most sidoides (EPs 7630) in adults with acute bronchitis: a randomised, double-
blind, placebo-controlled trial’, Phytomedicine, Vol. 10, supp. 4, pp 7-17
prevalent illness in the world. the study compared
Pelargonium sidoides extract to a placebo over 10
days. Over 100 patients were tracked according to t. + 27( 0 ) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l es@ a fr i g e ti cs .co m
www. a f ri ge t i cs.com
20 21treatable Conditions
Colds
acute, self-limited
viral infection
causing upper
respiratory
symptoms (ie
allergiC
cough, sore throat,
etc.)
CougHs
astHma Sudden, forceful
expulsion of air from the
type I reactions lungs to clear material
underlie atopic from the airways and to
disorders protect the lungs from
develop < 1 h particles that
after exposure have been
to antigen inhaled
sinusitis bronCHitis
Inflammation of Inflammation of the
the sinuses, most tracheobronchial tree,
commonly caused by commonly following
a viral or bacterial a urI, the cause is
infection or by an almost always a viral
allergy infection
rHinitis
Inflammation of PHaryngitis
the nasal mucous
membrane
Sore throat is pain in the
posterior pharynx that
laryngitis occurs with or without
Inflammation of swallowing
the voice box
(larynx)
Pneumonia
acute inflammation of
the lungs caused by
infection
antibacterial antiviral expectorant
t. + 27( 0 ) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l es@ a fr i g e ti cs .co m
www. a f ri ge t i cs.com
22 23information resourCes
this is a summary of the scientific conclusions this summary is not intended to provide practical
reached by the Committee on herbal Medicinal advice on how to use medicines containing
Products (hMPC) on the medicinal uses of pelargonium root. For practical information about
pelargonium root. the hMPC conclusions are taken using pelargonium root medicines, patients
into account by Eu Member States when evaluating should read the package leaflet that comes
applications for the licensing of herbal medicines with the medicine or contact their doctor or
containing pelargonium root. pharmacist.
go to : WWW.ema.euroPa.eu/en/
mediCines/Herbal/Pelargonii-radiX
t . + 27 ( 0 ) 67 8 68 84 88
s a l es @ a fr ig et ic s .co m
www. afr i g e t i c s.co m
24 25WHat is Pelargonium root? WHat evidenCe suPPorts tHe use of
Pelargonium root mediCines?
Pelargonium root is the common name for the root of the plants Pelargonium sidoides DC and Pelargonium re- the hMPC conclusions on the use of these weaknesses in the design and outcome of the
niforme Curt. The HMPC conclusions only cover pelargonium root preparations that are obtained by putting the pelargonium root medicines for treating common studies. therefore, the hMPC conclusions on
plant material in a solvent (such as ethanol) to dissolve compounds and form a liquid extract. The solvent may colds are based on their ‘traditional use’. this the use of these pelargonium root medicines are
then be evaporated to obtain a dry extract. Herbal medicines containing these pelargonium root preparations means that, although there is insufficient evidence based on their long-standing use. For detailed
are usually available in liquid or solid forms to be taken by mouth. Pelargonium root preparations may also be from clinical trials, the effectiveness of these herbal information on the studies assessed by the
found in combination with other herbal substances in some herbal medicines. These combinations are not cov- medicines is plausible and there is evidence that hMPC, see the hMPC assessment report.
ered in this summary. they have been used safely in this way for at least
30 years (including at least 15 years within the Eu).
Moreover, the intended use does not require medical
WHat are tHe HmPC ConClusions on its mediCinal uses? supervision.
In its assessment, the hMPC also considered 3 studies
The HMPC concluded that, on the basis of their long-standing
involving patients with acute bronchitis (inflammation
use, these pelargonium root preparations can be used to treat
of the airways in the lungs), where pelargonium root
the symptoms of the common cold. Pelargonium root medicines
was compared with placebo (a dummy treatment).
should only be used in patients from the age of 6 years. If
although a possible effect in improving symptoms
symptoms last longer than 1 week or worsen while taking the
of bronchitis such as cough was observed, firm
medicine, a doctor or qualified healthcare practitioner should be conclusions could not be drawn as there were
consulted. Detailed instructions on how to take pelargonium root
medicines and who can use them can be found in the package
WHat are tHe risks assoCiated WitH
leaflet that comes with the medicine.
Pelargonium root mediCines?
Very rare side effects (seen in less than 1 patient in 10,000) have been reported with pelargonium root medicines.
HoW are Pelargonium root mediCines aPProved in tHe eu?
These include mild gut complaints such as diarrhoea, discomfort around the stomach area, nausea or vomiting,
difficulty swallowing, mild nasal and gum bleeding and allergic reactions. Liver problems have also been
Any applications for the licensing of medicines containing pelargonium root have to be submitted to the national reported but the frequency is not known.
authorities responsible for medicinal products, which will assess the application for the herbal medicine and take
into account the scientific conclusions of the HMPC. Information on the use and licensing of pelargonium root
medicines in EU Member States should be obtained from the relevant national authorities. go to : WWW.ema.euroPa.eu/en/
mediCines/Herbal/Pelargonii-radiX
t. +27 ( 0 ) 67 86 8 84 8 8
s al e s @ a f r i g e t i c s.co m
www.af r i g e ti c s.co m
26 27Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
South African Journal of Botany 74 (2008) 260 – 267
www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb
knoWledge-sHaring
Join our knowledge-sharing folder. We have several papers and readings available on our
Measuring and optimising umckalin concentration in wild-harvested and
cultivated Pelargonium sidoides (Geraniaceae) knowledge platform. Please use the QR code or follow the link to access these resources.
A.G. White a,⁎, M.T. Davies-Coleman b , B.S. Ripley a
a
Department of Botany, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
b
Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
“
Journal of Ethnopharmacology 119 (2008) 420–433
Received 24 July 2007; received in revised form 18 November 2007; accepted 29 November 2007
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Measuring and optimising umckalin
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
concentration in wild-harvested and
cultivated Pelargonium sidoides (Geraniaceae)
“
Abstract
Pelargonium sidoides DC. (Geraniaceae) root extracts are used locally and globally as herbal medicines. Subsequently, high levels of wild j o uroot
rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jethpharm
harvest in the years preceding this study, to supply international demand for raw materials, prompted this investigation of the prospects for sustainable
root harvest through wild collection and greenhouse cultivation. A novel method was developed for the purification of umckalin, a bioactive
Review
constituent in root extracts, such that the root umckalin concentrations of wild and cultivated plants could be quantified by HPLC. A geographical
survey of wild plants revealed that root umckalin concentrations were inversely related to the average annual rainfall of the collection site (r2 = 0.43,
A historical,
p b 0.0001) and directly related to soil pH (r2 = 0.46, p b 0.0001). Thus, the possibility of inducing high scientific
umckalin concentrations and commercial perspective on the
in greenhouse-
“
cultivated plants was investigated by subjecting plants to water stress. This treatment, and those using medicinal use of(cytokinin
leaf applied hormones Pelargonium and sidoides (Geraniaceae)
gibberellin) and root competition with a fast growing annual (Conyza albida), did not significantly affect root umckalin concentrations compared to
well-watered controls. However, greenhouse-cultivated control plants showed wild equivalent umckalin concentrations
A detailed review of the ethnobotany and
T. Brendler a , and B.-E. circa six times greater
van Wyk b,∗
growth rates than plants in a wild harvest experiment. These results support the ex situ cultivation of roots to supply future market demand.
© 2007 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. a
b
Plantaphile, Immanuelkirchstrasse 32, 10405 Berlin, Germany
Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
commercial history of Pelargonium
Keywords: Conservation; Coumarin; Cultivation; EPs 7630; Pelargonium sidoides; Umckalin; Umckaloabo; Wild harvest sidoides is presented, together with a brief
a r t i c l e
Article history:
i n f o a b s t r a c t
Ethnopharmacological context: A detailed review of the ethnobotany and commercial history of Pelargo-
summary of pre-clinical and clinical scientific
1. Introduction uses, commercial P. sidoides
Received 19 May 2008
Received in revised form 16 July 2008
nium sidoides is presented, together with a brief summary of pre-clinical and clinical scientific results that
root extracts have become popular support the use of the plant in modern, evidence-based phytomedicines. The aim is to identify the main
Accepted 21 July 2008
results that support the use of the plant in
modern, evidence-based phytomedicines. The
factors responsible for the success in product development.
(e.g. Pelargonium, Medicherb
AvailableUK;
onlinePelargonium
3 August 2008 Syrup, Biohar-
Materials and methods: The literature studied includes all modern scientific papers and also old documents
Many South African medicinal plants, including Pelargonium mony Africa and Umckaloabo®, Spitzner) for the treatment of and books that are no longer readily accessible.
aim is to identify the main factors responsible
Keywords:
sidoides, Harpagophytum procumbens and H. zerheri (devil's upper-respiratory tract infections. These are available interna- Results: Available ethnobotanical information shows that several tuberous Pelargonium species (including
Commercialisation
claw), Aloe ferox (Cape aloe) and Agathosma betulina (buchu), tionally in countries including Germany, Mexico, Turkey, Brazil Pelargonium sidoides) are important traditional medicines with a rich ethnobotanical history. A summary
Ethnobotany
are used in the production of internationally marketed herbal (e.g. Matthys et al., 2003; Chuchalin et al., 2005) and South of the interesting history of the commercial development of Stevens’ Cure or Umckaloabo in Europe is
for the success in product development.
Medicinal plants
“
Pelargonium sidoides DC. presented. Scientific evidence for the efficacy of the product, mainly as a treatment for acute bronchitis,
remedies for the treatment of various ailments (Van Wyk et al., Africa (White, 2007). The bioactive constituents isolated from is reviewed. These include numerous in vitro studies as well as 18 clinical studies. The botanical identity
Pharmacology
2000). As a result, the wild stocks of these plants are susceptible to P. sidoides root extracts include:
Umckaloabo the coumarins umckalin and 6,8- of the plant and its complex mixture of coumarins and other chemical constituents are summarised.
over-exploitation. dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (Kayser and Kolodziej, Conclusions: The use of Pelargonium stems or tubers for a variety of ailments (including the complications
of dysentery) is an important but hitherto under-estimated part of traditional medicine in southern Africa.
Traditionally, infusions made from the tuberous, woody roots 1997), gallic acid and its methyl ester (Kayser and Kolodziej,
Key elements in the successful development of Pelargonium sidoides from a profound traditional remedy to
of P. reniforme and P. sidoides are used for the treatment of 1997), (+)-catechin (Kolodziej et al., 2003), and certain fatty acids a highly successful phytomedicine include the choice of species, a favourable cost–benefit ratio, innovative
diarrhoea, dysentery, colds and lung infections, including tuber- (Seidel and Taylor, 2004) and tannins (Kolodziej et al., 2005). marketing over many years, good scientific evidence of the botanical and chemical identity of the product
culosis (Bladt, 1977; Van Wyk and Gericke, 2000). This usage is This combined traditional and commercial use has led to the and convincing proof of concept.
© 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
particularly prevalent amongst the Xhosa people of the Eastern extensive harvest of wild plants in the Eastern Cape. Harvest is not
Cape Province of South Africa. In addition to these traditional restricted to P. sidoides, the species preferred by the international
market, as P. reniforme plants are mistakenly harvested due to
⁎ Corresponding author. Contents
their very similar appearance to those of P. sidoides, except when
E-mail address: AndrewGWhite@gmail.com (A.G. White). in flower. Despite the demand1.
for harvested roots, speculation still
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
0254-6299/$ - see front matter © 2007 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2. Historical and commercial perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2007.11.015 2.1. Ethnobotany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
2.2. Etymology of “Umckaloabo” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
2.3. History of commercialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
2.4. Production and raw material identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
2.5. Standardisation and dosage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
2.6. Products, patents and regulatory aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
3. Scientific perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
3.1. Botanical identity and relationships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
3.2. Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
3.3. Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
3.3.1. Antibacterial and antifungal properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
3.3.2. Antimycobacterial properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
3.3.3. Immunomodulatory properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
go to our Website for knoWledge
∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +27 11 5592412; fax: +27 11 5592411.
E-mail address: bevanwyk@uj.ac.za (B.-E. van Wyk).
0378-8741/$ – see front matter © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.037
https://afrigetics.com/pelargonium-research/ t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l e s@a fr i ge ti cs .co m
www. a f r i get i c s .com
28 29Product comPosition umckalin uses
Pelarg oniu m s id oi de s
ProduCts
Pela PoWer tm Standardized to not less
70% native extract
ema11-70 than 550ppm umckalin.
featured
used as a standardized active
ingredient in pelargonium
batch specific sidoides formulations for
Pela PoWer tm
umckalin determination, liquid drops, cough syrups,
100% native extract
1100
minimum 1100ppm. effervescents, sprays, tablets
or capsules.
PieCes Shredded whole Nlt 100ppm For further processing
pelargonium root
milled Dark brown to reddish granular
powder milled from dried Nlt 100ppm For further processing
PoWder
pelargonium root
Ethanolic tincture made Single ingredient for
tinCture
according to Pharmacopoeaia batch Specific the formulation of liquid
etHanol
monograph method. phytomedicines.
Concentrated botanical
glycerine syrup made with For the formulation of cough
tinCture pelargonium sidoides, with syrups or liquid herbal
batch specific
glyCerol rich, dark colour and distinctive medicines.
taste profile. Sugar and
alcohol-free.
Dark brown to reddish opaque- umckalin can be
ready to use sugar-free cough
CougH syruP liquid with syrupy viscosity and standardized to
syrup with mint.
mint flavor customer specification
MaDE wIth
O r ga n i c
ce rt if i e d t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
*OptiOnal sa l e s@a fr i ge ti cs .co m
www. a f r i get i c s .com
30 31Pel a rg o nium sidoide s 1 2
featured PelaPower TM
EMA11-70
PelaPower TM
1100
ProduCt For pharmaceutical application For nutraceutical application
A Natural Phytocare Solution for Colds and Flu
with over 16 years experience of supplying Pelargonium PelaPower™ is a pelargonium sidoides standardised dry
sidoides to our customers around the world we have powder extract which has been made according to the
come to understand this powerful plant medicine better principles of the EMA monograph. By making an equivalent
than almost anyone. Our expertise has led us to the extract that complies with the EMA guidelines our customers
development of a standardized extract of pelargonium can create products that enable them to make health
which is poised to unlock the significant healing potential claims of pelargonium medicines recognised in the
of this plant for the world of natural, plant-based pharmacopoeia.
medicines.
ou r P roC e ss
With DMF and GMP certificate. With GMP certificate.
t eCHn i C al f eatu re s The pelargonium raw material is first tested as per the
European Pharmacopoeia specification. We then produce a
Dry extract, (Der 4-25:1) liquid extract as per EMA monograph DER 4-25:1 extraction
Product descriPtion Product descriPtion
using 11% or 60% ethanol. This liquid extract is then dried
Dark brown to reddish fine powder extract with excipient. Dark brown to reddish fine powder extract.
to produce our PelaPower™ EMA11-70 powder extract for
extraction solvent ethanol 11% or 60% (m/m) pharmaceutical applications (DMF and GMP)
Active ingredient Active ingredient
umckalin: Nlt 500ppm umckalin: Nlt 1100ppm
(FSSC22000, no DMF).
umckalin and umckalin-7-Sulphate as scopoletin: umckalin and umckalin-7-Sulphate as scopoletin:
batch specific (range:500-3600) batch specific
Gallic acid: batch Specific Gallic acid: batch Specific
PAckAging descriPtion PAck size PAckAging descriPtion PAck size
Afrigetics is a vertically integrated Pelargonium supplier and thus controls harvesting, drying, Polyfoil ziplock bag. 1kg Polyfoil ziplock bag. 1kg
processing and extraction from start to finish. This means we have the ability to control starting
Umckalin content of the raw material and thus determine an accurate outcome of active
MaDE wIth
content in our extract as well as control raw material cost. Organic
t.+ 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 488
sa l e s@a fr i g eti c s.co m
ce rtifi ed www. a f r i ge ti c s .com
*OptiOnal
32 33Pe l ar go ni um sid o id es
sustainably Wild Harvested,
raW material organic Certified (Optional).
afrigetics specializes in the supply of wild-harvested Pelargonium
sidoides and offers a range product from raw materials to extracts
and finished products. Our products are handled within an
FSSC22000 environment and adhere to the requirements of the
international marketplace.
Pelargonium sidoides Whole, Dried Pieces Pelargonium sidoides Milled Powder
Product descriPtion
Product descriPtion
Dark brown to reddish powder made from dried
Dark brown to reddish pieces of shredded whole
whole pelargonium root with a particle size
Pelargonium root, cut and sifted according toGlycerine Extract
Pel argonium si do i de s Product descriPtion
Concentrated botanical glycerine syrup made
liquid
with pelargonium sidoides, with rich, dark
colour and distinctive taste profile. Sugar and
alcohol-free
eXtraCts
FeAtures
For the formulation of cough syrups or
liquid herbal medicines. adds pelargonium
sidoides rich colour and flavour to your liquid
afrigetics offers liquid extracts of Pelargonium formulations.
sidoides as partially processed products
Active ingredient
that can be used for further processing. all
batch specific
extracts are manufactured for us by certified
facilities, audited under our FSSC 22000 PAckAging descriPtion PAck size
program. GMP certification available. MaDE wIth
PVC bucket with tamper-proof closure. 5l or 25l
Organic
ce rtifie d
*OptiOnal
Ethanolic Liquid Extract 1:8-10 Cough Syrup Formulation with Mint
Product descriPtion
Pelargonium sidoides ethanolic extract 1:8-10 Product descriPtion
(alcohol 16-19%) alcohol-free and sugar-free Pelargonium
sidoides vegetable glycerine tincture formulated
FeAtures
with mint oil.
an ethanolic extract made according to the
pharmacopoeia monograph on Pelargonium FeAtures
sidoides. this tincture can be used as an ingredient a non-alcoholic, sugar-free glycerine extract of
in formulations for liquid drops, cough syrups or Pelargonium sidoides that is ready to use.
sprays or as a ready-to-use product.
Active ingredient
Active ingredient batch specific
batch specific
PAckAging descriPtion PAck size
PAckAging descriPtion PAck size PVC bucket with tamper-proof closure. 5l or 25l
MaDE wIth PVC bucket with tamper-proof closure. 5l or 25l MaDE wIth
O rg anic Orga nic
ce rtified ce rti fie d t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
*OptiOnal *OptiOnal sa l e s@a fr i g eti c s .co m
www.a f r ig et i c s .com
36 37ProduCt develoPment
& A
AR L
SUG
C
OHOL
•
FR
EE •
we work closely with customers to
help perfect their formulations into
finished products and have developed White lAbel oPPortunity
a variety of product concepts. we can
manufcture cough syrup, tincture, tablets syruPs, cAPsules, eFFervescents, tinctures
and effervescents with our standardized
pelargonium extracts, according to the gMP licensed MAnuFActuring
pharmacopoeia monograph methods
under GMP license.
t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l e s@a fr i g eti c s .co m
www.a f r ig et i c s .com
38 39request samPle
Visit our website to request a sample and brochure.
sCan tHis
qr Code to
request a
samPle on
our Website
Go to afrigetics.com/request-a-sample
us tO yOu
t. + 27( 0 ) 67 8 68 8 48 8
sa l es@ a f ri g eti c s .co m
www. a f ri ge t i cs .co m
40 41Our company offers packaging
solutions that will withstand the
PaCkaging
toughest journeys by road, air
or sea.
In striving to continually improve our services we
have now gone the extra mile to ensure that our
palletization is truly world class. Our company offers
packaging solutions that will withstand the toughest
journeys by road, air or sea. better packaging of your
goods means fewer troubles further down the line
by reducing the exposure to moisture (especially on
sea cargo), damage by poor third party handling and
general accidents that can occur during transit. Speak
to us about your packaging requirements and we will
listen to your every need.
Palletization
Shrink wrapped & strapped
t. + 27( 0 ) 67 8 68 8 48 8
sa l es@ a f ri g eti c s .co m
www. a f ri ge t i cs .co m
42 43logistiCs
afrigetics botanicals is export ready. Since June
2008 we have successfully delivered over 1000
consignments by air, sea and courier to North
america (uSa, Canada), South america (brazil,
argentina), west Europe (Germany, France, Italy,
uK), Eastern Europe (ukraine, russia), asia (China,
Korea) and the Middle East.
Our logistics training is compliant with INCOtErMS
2010 and we have substantial experience in all
aspects pertaining to the export process - which is
faithfully carried out by VDM Cargo Solutions.
• International Sea and Air Freight Forwarding
• Customs Clearing
• Warehousing (Bonded and Duty Paid)
• Cartage (Deliveries)
• Marine and Airfreight Insurance
world
class
exports award winning
export business
Over 900
consignments
worldwide
Incoterms
2010 experts
t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa le s @ a fr i g e ti cs .co m
www. a f ri ge t ic s .co m
44 45Through his vast experience
and impressive network of
dynamic industry partners,
he has a clear understanding
of client expectations and
therefore forms an integral part
in the logistics supply chain of
our clients.
Franco van der Merwe, owner of VDM Cargo
Solutions started his career at Customs in 1991
as auditor in the Excise department followed by a
stint as a Customs import inspector before entering
the private sector.
Over the past 27 years he has gained valuable
experience in all aspects of imports and exports,
from framing entries to heading up operations for
a major clearing and forwarding house in South
africa.
his passion for the industry and his clients
ultimately led him to start VDM Cargo Solutions.
t. + 27( 0) 67 8 6 8 8 48 8
sa l e s@a fr i g eti c s .co m
www.a f r ig et i c s .com
46 47enquire Here
www.afrigetics.com
sample requests:
sales@afrigetics.com
Contact tel: +27(0) 67 868 8488
factory and Warehouse:
22 Waenhout ave, knysna industrial, WC, rsa
Please get in touch, I am
your personal contact
steVen Hurt
CEO & Sales Director
: st eve@ afr iget ics .com
: +27( 0) 67 8 68 84 88
: + 2 7( 0) 8 1 365 5 784
: stevenlinds ayhurt
All Rights Reserved - Afrigetics CC © 2019 Afrigetics Botanicals. CK 2005/097610/23 IBAN: 050214060827548 Food Facility Registration Number: 17423811494
48 49You can also read
