PARENT HANDBOOK HELP! IT'S HOMEWORK TIME - Homework Habits Create Success
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HELP! IT’S HOMEWORK TIME PARENT HANDBOOK Homework Habits Create Success This handbook cannot be reproduced in whole or in part without written permission. South Slave Divisional Education Council P.O. Box 819, Fort Smith, NT, Canada, X0E 0P0 www.ssdec.nt.ca
Acknowledgements The South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC) commends the following Homework and Study Skills Committee members for their long hours of work in the development of this Parent Homework Handbook: Iona Neumeier South Slave Divisional Education Council Marnie Villeneuve Paul William Kaeser High School Lora Sinclair Joseph Burr Tyrrell Elementary School The SSDEC acknowledges the support of the other committee members for the development of this handbook: Sue Warren Princess Alexandra School Virginia English Lutsel K’e Dene School Nancy Makepeace Chief Sunrise Education Centre Jennifer Rosendahl Diamond Jenness Secondary School Liz Buckley Harry Camsell School (K-3) Laura Boucher Deninu School The SSDEC also acknowledges the contribution of the Superintendent, Curtis Brown, for his advice and editing, and the committee members who developed the previous parent homework handbook, Creating Futures: How Parents and Families Can Assist With Homework. South Slave Divisional Education Council Homework and Study Skills Committee
“Education starts in the home; it’s not just something that happens at school...” (Richard Garcia – Founder, Colorado Statewide Parent Coalition) ii Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
Homework and Study Skills Initiative History Homework and study skills has been a regional priority since 2001, when South Slave principals identified homework completion and effective study skills as important to student success. In response, the South Slave Divisional Education Council (SSDEC) implemented the Homework and Study Skills Committee. This committee, made up of South Slave educators, meets occasionally during the year to implement, evaluate and update the initiatives to improve study skills instruction, homework completion rates, parental involvement and student achievement. Goals The focus of the Homework and Study Skills initiative is to improve the achievement of all students in the South Slave region by: • developing student study skills and habits; • clarifying homework expectations and increasing homework completion; • reinforcing student knowledge and skills acquisition; • strengthening the school/home communication and partnership; and • further involving parents in their children’s learning. Purpose of this Handbook This handbook is intended to help parents help their Did you know... children develop the habits that students need to ...that a parent’s attitude succeed in school and in life. These habits are the skills toward learning is the greatest of managing time, organizing information and staying influence on how successful a on task until the task is completed. Such skills are student will be as a learner? important for dealing with daily assignments, doing What a family does is more project work, meeting deadlines and taking tests. This important to student success handbook helps families to set the stage for successful than how much money a learning and performance in school and in later life. family makes or how much education a family has. Parents are their children’s first teachers. In fact, students spend less than 15% of their waking hours in school. Parents have a key role to play in helping students achieve to the best of their abilities. That means the home is the first place where students learn about having a positive attitude toward learning, setting high expectations and reaching goals. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 1
Definitions and Examples Homework What it is! What it does! • unfinished classwork and missed • reinforces what has been learned; assignments; • prepares students for new learning; • studying for quizzes, tests and exams; • enriches student learning; • project work, or additional practice • encourages time management and work assigned by the teacher; meeting deadlines; and • problem-solving activities that takes • promotes organization and place outside of the classroom; independence. • learning experiences that involve parents and/or community members; • reviewing subject materials covered in class; • correcting errors made in quizzes and tests; • collecting information for and completing projects; • preparing for oral presentations; • independent reading; and • independent writing such as paragraphs, reports and essays. “Perhaps the most valuable result of all education is the ability to make yourself do the thing that you have to do, when it ought to be done, whether you like it or not…” Thomas H. Huxley 2 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
Study Skills What they are! What they do! • skills that help with acquiring, • encourage careful listening and organizing, remembering and using reading; information and ideas; • promote the skills of keen • strategies that help with solving observation and detailed problems; examination; • learning strategies that foster • make remembering and recalling independent thinking, originality information easier; and new ways of interpreting • support logical thought and information; and sequencing of ideas; and • methods to help remember and apply • develop the habit of applying the what is being learned. mind to any subject in order to acquire knowledge. Examples: • read over notes and highlight key concepts or keywords; • make up practice tests and write them; • make up questions for each topic and ask each question in three different ways; • draw diagrams that you have learned, label the parts and explain how the “A student who diagram works to someone else; develops efficient • play a jeopardy game by using study methods keywords as answers and making up has in a true questions for each of the keywords; • create and use flashcards; sense learned • create an ideas web for individual how to learn.” topics; Kuethe • use graphic organizers to organize information and ideas; • become a student and have a classmate teach the information to you; and • become a teacher and teach someone else the information. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 3
Working Together for Student Success (Roles and Responsibilities) The work that students do in class is very important. However, it would be a mistake to believe that nothing else is necessary for students to succeed. Evidence suggests that parents are critical in setting the stage for success in learning. Active parental involvement helps students to have more positive attitudes and behaviours. This leads to better attendance, improved performance in class, and students being more able to set and reach education, career and personal goals. One of the ways that schools communicate with the home about what is being learned is through homework and study tasks. Homework and study tasks show parents what their children need to know and how they are performing in relation to those expectations. Student Responsibilities • records all assignments and due • meets assignment deadlines; dates in his/her student agenda daily; • manages time and materials (e.g. • ensures that s/he understands the borrowing a book from the library); homework assigned • brings homework back to school on • discusses questions or concerns with time; the teacher; • shows parent completed homework • shows agenda to parent daily and and gets parent to sign off agenda for explains assignment and when it is the day; due; • schedules homework/study time in • asks parent or calls a study buddy if the student timetable (see sample help is needed; in Homework Timetable section of • completes all homework to the best this handbook, and use the blank of his/her ability; timetable in Appendix B); and • makes up missing assignments and tests “Education works best due to absence. when it’s a genuine partnership between the home and the school” Lucas and Smith, 2004 4 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
Parent/Family Responsibilities • schedules time every evening for What Can I Do if My Child homework or study time in student Misses School? timetable (see sample in Homework Regular attendance at school is critical Timetable section of this handbook, to student success. When students are and use the blank timetable in absent from school at times other than Appendix B); scheduled holidays, parents/guardians • provides a well-lit place for working are encouraged to contact the teacher (e.g. home, library, relative’s or to see if there is anything the student friend’s place); can do to minimize disruption to • checks student agenda daily to see learning. what has been assigned and what is due; Depending on the course/class and the • reads the assignment to check if the time of year, the teacher may be able student has everything needed to to assign homework so that the child is complete the assignment; able to keep up and does not require • makes sure the student understands a great deal of catch up when he/she what the assignment is asking him/ returns to school. her to do; For extended absences, it is in the best • monitors and encourages student interest of the students for parents/ progress and homework completion; guardians to contact the teacher well in • signs agenda when homework or advance to discuss a possible homework study time has been plan. In addition to a homework plan, completed; parents/guardians are • communicates encouraged to provide with the teacher(s) the student with regularly throughout literacy and numeracy the year and when activities such as daily questions or journals, travel logs and concerns arise; and reading. • establishes an appropriate balance between homework and other activities. Adapted from: http://www.pickens.k12.sc.us/ eeeteachers/blackwed/homework_tips.htm Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 5
Working Together for Student Success (Roles and Responsibilities) continued Teacher/School Responsibilities • teaches and assigns, monitors • ensures that students write down completion, and assesses student homework, due dates and important work; directions about assignments in • ensures that the resources and student agenda; materials required to complete • monitors to be sure that homework the work are available and can be is completed and is done correctly; accessed by students; and • makes clear how assignments will be • communicates with a parent if a evaluated; child repeatedly fails to complete • checks to be sure that students assignments. understand what is expected; Adapted from: http://schools.monterey.k12.ca.us/~sbenanci/toro/general/hwguide.html • gives students adequate time in class to work on assignments containing unfamiliar concepts; • assigns work that is linked to classroom activities and matches student ability, maturity level and attention span; • makes clear to students the relationship of homework assignments to class work; • regularly assigns homework, mainly Monday through Thursday (sometimes projects or special assignments may require work over the weekend); 6 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
Our Initiatives Hugo the Homework Hero Hugo the Homework Hero, our Hugo’s motto is “Homework Habits mascot, is intended to inspire students Create Success.” Both Hugo and and to show them that commitment, his motto are featured on regional organization and effective work initiatives and on incentives that are and study habits lead to academic awarded for student agenda use and achievement and success in adult life. homework completion. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 7
Our Initiatives continued Student Agendas (K-12) At the beginning of the school year, each This allows the teacher, home and kindergarten to grade 12 student is student to be organized and connected given an agenda courtesy of the SSDEC to each other. It allows all parties to Homework and Study Skills Initiative. value student, family and school life and The agenda is a daily planner for students the progress of each student. and a communication tool between the School events and extra-curricular home and the school: activities can be recorded in the agenda • It is important that each day, students as well. write their homework and study assignments in their agendas. Students, parents and teachers can • It is important also that parents check earn regional and in-school incentives the agenda every night and sign the for using the agenda for planning and daily entry. communication. This is a sample agenda entry for a student with more than one teacher: • The student has recorded both homework assignments and other activities. • Teachers have initialed each academic entry to show that the homework is properly recorded. • The parent has initialed the agenda entry to indicate that he/she has checked if the homework has been done and, in this instance, has chosen to write a note to the teacher. 8 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
Colour-coded Subject Organizers (K-9) In order to help students keep Colour-coding also helps parents know organized and successful, they are in what subject areas their children provided with four colour-coded have homework. For example, if you duotangs (grades K-6) or four read in the student agenda that your colour-coded binders (grades 7-9). son/daughter has homework in Social The four colours identify the core Studies, s/he should have brought home subjects – Math (black), Science (red), the blue duotang/binder. Social Studies (blue) and Language Arts (green). Colour-coding helps students to organize lessons and assignments more effectively and to locate subject materials more quickly, enabling them to stay on track throughout the school year. It is never too early to start good homework habits and foster positive attitudes toward homework. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 9
Our Initiatives continued Student Homework Bags and Read-along Books (Grades K-3) The Homework and Study Skills Committee provides reusable plastic homework bags to primary students from kindergarten to grade three to carry their student agenda and homework between home and school. In support of the regional Literacy Project, the Homework and Study Skills Committee also provides a read-along book to encourage families to read together. Even if your child does not have homework, get them into the regular habit by reading with them nightly. Research shows that the best predictors of elementary achievement are positive family participation in fun activities such as sharing books and talking about experiences. 10 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
Homework and Study Skills Resources (in SSDEC Schools) Each school has a broad range of Other resources provide parents with informative homework and study skills easy-to-use strategies to support resources for staff, students and parents. student achievement in school. Examples of the resources available for Some of these resources are intended parents are: to help students learn how to organize • The School-savvy Parent: 365 Insider their learning and how to study Tips to Help You Help Your Child – by effectively. For example, resources for Clark, R., Hawkins, D. and Vachon, B. students include: (1999) • Starting Early with Study Skills – by • How to Help Your Child With Irvin, J. and Rose, E. (1995) Homework: Every Caring Parent’s Guide • How To Do Homework Without to Encouraging Good Study Habits Throwing Up – by Romain, T. (1997) and Ending the Homework Wars – by • True or False? Tests Stink! – by Romain, Radencich, M., and Shay Schumm, J. T. and Verdick, E. (1999) (1997) • School Power: Study Skill Strategies for Succeeding in School – by Shay Contact the Homework and Study Schumm, J. (2001) Skills Committee representative at your daughter’s/son’s school for access to these resources. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 11
How Do I Help My Child Succeed? (Tools and Resources) SSDEC Homework Guidelines The following are suggested guidelines for the amount of daily homework time that should be done to maximize the chance of a student’s success in school and in later life: Grades Suggested Daily Homework Time K–3 15 to 30 minutes/day 4–6 30 to 45 minutes/day 7–9 45 to 60 minutes/day 10 – 12 1 to 2 hours/day ** Weeknights (Sun., Mon., Tues., Wed., Thurs.) ** 12 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
Homework Timetables Homework is a priority and needs to be Once you set a schedule and stick to taken seriously. Making time for learning it, your daughter/son will get used to gets easier once it becomes a pattern the idea that homework and study will of behaviour that everyone in the family be done no matter what. A homework knows is expected. schedule provides structure, consistency and routine – components of developing It is important to set a schedule, so the habit of homework. that students can organize their after- school times efficiently, setting times for homework, extra-curricular activities and friends. Below is an example of a timetable for a junior high student: Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday soccer Study hall 4:00-5:00 free time soccer practice free time free time activities practice homework 5:00-6:00 chores dinner chores dinner chores free time activities Homework Homework or 6:00-7:00 dinner dinner dinner dinner dinner or Study Study Homework Recreation Homework Youth 7:00-8:00 free time Dance class free time or Study Centre or Study group Recreation Youth 8:00-9:00 free time free time Dance class free time free time Centre group Youth 9:00-9:30 free time free time free time free time free time free time group 9:30 bedtime bedtime bedtime bedtime bedtime free time free time A blank timetable is provided in Appendix B so that you and your daughter/son can copy, set and then post a homework schedule that takes into account activities in which s/he may be involved. Post the schedule in a place, such as on the refrigerator, that reminds both you and your daughter/son when it is time to do homework. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 13
How Do I Help My Child Succeed? (Tools and Resources) continued Parent General Homework Helper Checklist Questions To Ask Daily: Other Ways To Help: • Where is your student agenda? • Be positive about homework. • Have you started today’s assignment? • Be sure that basic supplies, such as Finished it? paper, pencils, pens, markers and • Is the assignment clear? (If not, call a ruler are available. study buddy or classmate.) • Look over the homework, but don’t • When is the assignment due? do the work! (Remember, it is not • Do you need special resources (e.g. your homework.) a trip to the library or access to a • Eliminate distractions that interfere computer)? with doing homework. • Do you need special supplies (e.g. • If necessary, read the homework graph paper or poster board)? directions together and discuss what • For an upcoming test or major needs to be done. project, would it help to write out • If your daughter/son does not know the steps or make a schedule? (Break how to organize the homework, the assignment into manageable write out a “to do” list; check off the tasks, such as researching the topic, homework tasks as they are done. writing the first draft, etc. Schedule • Get to know the teachers early in time for each task in the student the year and find out about their agenda.) homework expectations. • Would a practice test be useful? • Review teacher comments on • Would you like me to quiz you from returned homework assignments and your notes or old tests? discuss them. Adapted from: • Observe your daughter’s/son’s http://www.njea.org/FamilyCircle/QuestionsAboutHomeworkPrintable.asp http://www.nea.org/parents/homework.html learning style. • Establish reasonable consequences at home for missed homework assignments. • Be available to help your child review for tests. • Show interest and congratulate your son/daughter on a job well done. Adapted from: http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/CubRunES/guidance/relievinghomework.htm: http://familyeducation.com/article/0,1120,24-9358,00.html?relinks http://www.nea.org/parents/homework.html 14 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
Parent and Student Nightly Homework Checklist P S Bring homework to “Homework Spot”. Review agenda and homework. Complete assignments. Check work together. Make any comments in the agenda and complete any parent forms that need to be returned to the school. Sign agenda. Pack up signed agenda and work for school the next day. Key: P = PARENT Check Box S = STUDENT Check Box Adapted from: http://www.vineland.org/winslow/about/wps_nightly_homework_checklist.pdf Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 15
How Do I Help My Child Succeed? (Tools and Resources) continued Web Sites for Homework Help The following homework and study Middle School skills web sites contain a wealth of Fact Monster information, resources and homework Homework Centre tips, and they are just a mouse click www.factmonster.com/homework away: Provides a wide variety of resources for students. From subject specific General resources (Science, Math and Social Homework Spot Studies) to information on improving www.homeworkspot.com writing and study skills. Factmonster has Provides information and resources for every student’s tools for school. parents and for students of all ages and is easy to navigate as individual sections BJ Pinchbeck’s Homework Helper are presented for elementary, middle http://school.discovery.com/ and high school students. homeworkhelp/bjpinchbeck/ Created by 17-year-old BJ Pinchbeck, How to Study this site provides students with access www.how-to-study.com to over 700 links that help with Designed for elementary, middle and homework ranging from subjects such high school students, and provides as art to computer science and English. valuable information on preparing how to study and improving listening and High School reading skills. High School Hub www.highschoolhub.org Elementary Is a free online interactive learning Kids Hub centre for high school students that www.kidshub.org features subject guides for English, A free online foreign languages, interactive math, science and learning centre for social studies. elementary school students. It features fun educational games, puzzles and quizzes. 16 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 1. Why is checking my child’s daily 4. Why does my child seem to have a lot agenda and signing it every day so more homework than I ever did when important? I was going to school? Agendas help students to be more There may be a couple of reasons for organized and are an essential this.Your child may not be working communication tool between home efficiently during class time, resulting and school. By consistently signing in more work for him/her to complete parents demonstrate interest in what at home. It is probably true that is happening at school, know what current curricular requirements are the school expects, and develops more challenging than in the past due a relationship with their children’s to the rapid increase in the world’s teachers. knowledge and technology base, and the related public pressure for quality 2. How will doing homework really make education and accountability. a difference in my child’s grade? Our committee’s survey shows that on 5. How do I make sure my child gets average: his/her assignments done and still has • Students who did homework more time to take part in other activities? than 80% of the time – Work with your child to develop a 97% achieved curriculum homework schedule (see the blank outcomes for the grade; and timetable sample in Appendix B), using • Students who did homework less the example of the timetable also than 50% of the time – provided in this handbook. Prioritize only 31% achieved curriculum their homework and other important outcomes for the grade. activities. It is essential that your child Being promoted to the next grade is understands that their education is dependent on achieving the curricular important and that getting schoolwork outcomes for the current grade. done will be a priority in your home. Teachers have indicated that, even if Most students cannot be in every courses are difficult, students who activity offered and still get their complete homework regularly pass. homework done properly, so it will be important for you to help your child 3. My son/daughter seems to have little make choices about the number of or no homework.What do I do? activities in which s/he will participate. Check your child’s agenda daily to see if homework is being assigned. Contact the teacher about your concern. It may simply be that your child is very efficient with his/her classwork and/or is doing homework during school breaks and after school. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 17
How Do I Help My Child Succeed? (Tools and Resources) continued 6. How do I provide my child with 7. What if my child and I do not appropriate space to do homework? understand the homework What is important is that you find an assignment? environment that works for your child If the teacher is available, contact and family. For example, most students him/her for clarification. If the teacher need a comfortable chair and table, is unavailable, call a classmate. If your and quiet, in order to work effectively. child is still unable to do her/his Some children, however, may work homework, please note the reason to best with music playing quietly, or the teacher in your child’s agenda. the television or people talking in the background. It might be that the best 8. What do I do when I feel my child time for the homework to be done has been working too long on an without interruption is before other assignment and has not finished the family members have come home from homework? work. If your child has been working on an If a quiet place in your home is not assignment for a period of time far possible: beyond the suggested guidelines and • some schools have homework is not making progress, let the teacher clubs, tutoring services, or library know by writing in the agenda how hours when and where students long your child has worked on the can work; assignment. If working too long on • community libraries are places assignments without making progress where students can do homework becomes a pattern, contact your child’s and also access the Internet for teacher. Together you and the teacher research purposes; can find strategies to help your child • friendship centres work more effectively. may offer tutoring 9. When I have services; or concerns or problems • the home of a relative or friend about my child’s may be a good schoolwork, what do place to do I do? homework and Always contact your get extra help. child’s teacher first, concerning homework or anything else. 18 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
References Cooper, H., 2001, The Battle Over Homework: Common Ground for Administrators, Teachers and Parents (Second Edition); CA: Corwin Press Inc. Lucas, B. and Smith, A., 2004, Help Your Child To Succeed:The Essential Guide for Parents; ON: Pembroke Publishers First Nations Education Steering Committee and the First Nations Schools Association, Gathering Strength: Education Reform 2001/2002 as downloaded from: http://www.fnesc.bc.ca/publications/pdf/gspfinalrptcopy20002001.pdf MOEC, 1989, Parent Involvement Programs in Education as downloaded from: http://www.unocoe.unomaha.edu/parent.htm#why Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 19
Appendix A SSDEC Homework Policy HKB The South Slave Divisional Education 1. The completion and extension of Council believes that homework is class assignments should guide the a necessary part of the education assignment of homework. program. To be successful in school 2. The assignment should take into and later life, students require account the age of the student, and appropriate study habits. Homework the other demands placed on the can also contribute to positive student students. attitudes relative to self-discipline and 3. At the secondary level, co-operation independent responsibility. Further, the among teachers involved, by way of motivation which comes from parent homework schedule, should avoid interest in children’s school work can be uneven assigning of homework. invaluable to the child. 4. Suggested guidelines for daily The use of homework should be homework are: used as a way of strengthening the • K-3 – 15 to 30 minutes/day partnership between home and school, - parent reading with child: developing appropriate study habits, and shared reading; listening providing opportunities for learners to child read; independent to acquire new knowledge and to reading from Home Reading consolidate and reinforce learning in Program, public library or practical and meaningful ways. Study school materials in English, and the completion of homework French and/or Aboriginal is primarily the responsibility of language; the student, with the support and - on occasion, collecting encouragement of parents and school materials for use in the staff. classroom program; and Each school principal shall establish - using day-to-day activities homework expectations and such as shopping list and procedures for their school considering food preparation to practice the unique nature of their students, counting, calculating, arranging and the programs using the following objects and amounts by size guidelines: and shape, and estimating quantity. 20 Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook
• 4-6 – 30 to 45 minutes/day • 10-12 – 1 to 2 hours/day - parent reading with child: - assignments, reading, review, shared reading; listening revision, writing, editing, to child read; independent organizing, studying for tests, reading from home, public working on on-going long- library or school materials term projects and preparing in English, French and/or for presentations; Aboriginal language; - discussing mathematics in - collecting materials for use in relationship to applications in the classroom program; business and industry; and - completing unfinished - explore career opportunities classroom assignments/ through making connections project work/reflective with family, friends and journals; colleagues in the world of - reviewing an area of difficulty; work. - interpreting graphs, … five days a week. advertising claims, and working out unit costs Students may need more or less from newspapers and other time depending on assignment due media; and dates, how quickly and fully they - review and drill of number have completed assignments, and operations and troublesome how well they have grasped facts and spelling words concepts. The level of student academic • 7-9 – 45 to 60 minutes/day achievement is a key determining - assignments, reading, review, factor to guide students, revision, writing, editing, teachers and parents in organizing, studying for tests, the amount of extra working on on-going long- home practice and term projects and preparing studying needed. for presentations; and References: Education Act 22(1), 117 - discussing examples of Date: October 2002 problem solving strategies in day-to-day work experiences. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 21
Appendix B Blank Timetable Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Photocopy or cut out this page, fill in and post in your house where you and your son/daughter see it regularly. Help! It’s Homework Time – Parent Handbook 22
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