New Records of Rhodomelaceae (Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands
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Rojas-Gonzalez et al. : New records of Rhodomelaceae from the Canary Islands 133
Botanica Marina
Vol. 37, pp. 133 - 138, 1994 Offprint
New Records of Rhodomelaceae (Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands
B. Rojas-Gonzalez, J. Afonso-Carrillo and C. Ibeas*
Department of Vegetal Biology (Botany) , University of La Laguna, 38271 La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
* Department of Animal Biology, University of La Laguna, 38271 La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
(Accepted 6 January 1994)
Abstract
Six species of Rhodomelaceae are reported from the Canary Islands for the first time: Aphanocladia stichidiosa
(Funk) Ardre, Polysiphonia funebris De Notaris, Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis P. L. Crouan et H. M. Crouan, Poly-
siphonia denudata (Dillwyn) Greville ex Harvey in W. 1. Hooker, Polysiphonia harveyi Bailey and Polysiphonia
carettia Hollenberg. Data concerning morphology, phenology, habitat and geographical distribution of the species
are presented.
Introduction 1970, Cormaci et al. 1976, Ballesteros 1990) and the
Atlantic coasts of Portugal and Spain (Ginsburg-Ardre
Recent investigations on the seaweed flora of the Canary
1963, as Polysiphonia stichidiosa Funk, Ardre 1970 a,
Islands by Sans6n et al. ( 199 1), Afonso-Carrillo et al.
1970 b, Cremades and Barbara 1990). Price et al. ( 1986)
(1992), Gil-Rodriguez and Haroun (1992), Ballesteros et
al. (1992) and Reyes et al. (in press) have increased the on the basis of a personal communication of
Prud'homme van Reine have reported Aphanocladia cf
floristic information of the studies of B0rgesen ( 1925-
1930), Gil-Rodriguez and Afonso-Carrillo (1980) and stichidiosa from the Canaries.
Afonso-Carrillo and Sans6n (1989). The present account Aphanocladia stichidiosa was collected in February and
adds six species of Rhodomelaceae to the seaweed flora April at Puerto de la Cmz (Tenerife) growing epi-
of the Canary Islands. lithically in tide pools, mixed with other caespitose al-
gae such as Herposiphonia secunda (C. Agardh) Falken-
berg and Centroceras clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne
Material and Methods
(TFC Phyc. 7880, 788 1).
Specimens were collected between 1991 and 1992 at
Sterile plants were collected in the Canary Islands and
several localities on Tenerife and El Hierro (Canary Is-
are in good agreement with previous descriptions of the
lands) and were deposited at TFC (Departamento de
species (Ardre 1970a, Cormaci et al. 1976, Cremades
Biologia Vegetal, Botanica, Universidad de La Laguna,
and Barbara 1990). Plants were up to 10 mm tall, with
Canary Islands). Permanent slides for anatomical studies
extensive prostrate axes attached to the substratum by
were prepared from specimens preserved in 4% fonnalin
unicellular rhizoids cut off from the distal end of peri-
in sea water. Camera lucida drawings were obtained us-
central cells, and erect irregularly arranged axes with
ing a Zeiss microscope.
four pericentral cells covered by a discontinuous cortical
layer (Fig. 1).
Results
Aphanocladia stichidiosa (Funk) Andre (Fig. 1) Polysiphonia funebris De Notaris (Figs 2- 3)
Aphanocladia stichidiosa has been reported fro m the Polysiphonia funebris is a poorly known species only
western Mediterranean Sea (Funk 1955, Boudouresque previously reported from the Mediterranean Sea (De
Botanica Marina I Vol. 37 I 1994 I Fasc. 2
Copyright © 1994 by Waiter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York134 Rojas-Gonzalez et al.: New records of Rhodomelaceae from the Canary Islands
3
2
Figs 1-3.
Fig. I . Aphanoc/adia stichidiosa (Funk) Ardre. Erect axis showing the irregular development of branches and the discontinuous cortica-
tion. Figs 2-3. Polysiphonia funebris De Notar is. Fig. 2. Habit. Fig. 3. Apex of an erect axis showing alternate and distichous way of
branching.
Notaris 1846, Pignatti and Giaccone 1967, as Poly- tral cells and rhizoids in open connection with pericen-
siphonia funebris Ki.itzing, Perret-Boudou resque and tral cells. Branches replaced trichoblasts and branching
Seridi 1989) and from Portugal (Kiitzing 1864, Gins- was alternate and distichous (Figs 2-3).
burg-Ardre 1966, Ardre 1970 b, Gallardo et al. 1985,
South and Tittley 1986). Fe1tile plants are not known.
Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis P. L. Crouan et H. M.
Polysiphonia fo.nebris was collected in November at Las Crouan (Figs 4-5)
Teresitas, a sheltered locality in E. Tenerife, growing at
I -3 m depth, on an anchor rope over a sandy bottom, Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis was described by Crouan
mixed with other Rhodomelaceae such as Hetposi- and Crouan (1867) from Finistere (Atlantic coast of
phonia secunda (C. Agardh) Falkenberg, Lophosiphonia France) and later considered to be a form of Polysi-
cristata Falkenberg, Polysiphonia sphaerocarpa phonia furcellata (C. Agardh) Harvey. Lauret (1970),
B0rgesen, Polysiphoniaferulacea Suhr ex J. Agardh and studying plants from the Western Mediterranean, fou nd
Polysiphonia denudata (Dillwyn) Greville (TFC Phyc. fairly good differences and considered Polysiphonia cer-
7882). amiaeformis as a distinct species. Polysiphonia cerami-
aeformis has been recently reported from the British
Sterile plants examined agreed with the description
Isles (Maggs and Homrnersand 1993).
given by Ardre (1970 b). Plants were minute, up to
5 mm tall, dark red in colour, with extensive prostrate According to Lauret (1 970), Polysiphonia furcellata (C.
axes (Fig. 2). Axes were uncorticated with fo ur pericen- Agardh) Harvey, a very common species in the Canary
Botanica Marina I Vol. 3 7 I 1994 I Fasc. 2Rojas-Gonzalez et al.: New records of Rhodomelaceae from the Canary Islands 135
Figs 4-5. Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis H. L. Crouan et P. M. Crouan.
Fig. 4 . Habit. Fig. 5. Tetrasporangial branches.
Islands, differs from Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis lateral branches were present. Tetrasporangia were
mainly by: placed in series in ultimate branches, swelling each seg-
ment (Fig. 5). Sexual plants were not found.
( I) its erect axes pseudodichotomously branched;
(2) the segments 2 - 4 diameters long;
(3) its 8 pericentral cells; and Polysiphonia denudata (Dillwyn) Greville ex Harvey in
(4) the scarcity of short branchlets. W. J. Hooker (Fig. 6)
Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis was collected at Puerto de Polysiphonia denudala is a widespread species in tem-
la Cruz, N. Tenerife, growing in tide pools. Tetrasporan- perate and tropical waters throughout the world: Western
gia were observed in January, February and May (TFC Atlantic (Taylor 1957, 1960, Edwards 1970, Kapraun
Phyc. 7883, 7884, 7885). 1977, 1979, 1980, Wynne 1986, Kapraun and Norris
1982), Atlantic Europe, Morocco, and the Mediterranean
Plants examined were reddish brown in colour and up
Sea (Veldkamp 1950, Ardre 1970 b, Maggs and Hom-
to 20 mm tall and in good agreement with the descrip-
mersand 1993) and West Africa (Lawson and John
tion given by Lauret (1970) . Prostrate axes were at-
1977).
tached to the substratum by rhizoids cut off from the
pericentral cells and ended in a discoid holdfast. The Polysiphonia denudata was collected in sheltered lo-
erect uncorticated axes were irregularly alternately calities growing on floating docks, hulls, buoys and
branched (Fig. 4), and consisted of segments one dia- anchor ropes, at Puerto de Ios Gigantes and Las Teresitas
meter long and with 11 - 13 pericentral cells. Both (Tenerife) and La Restinga (El Hierro). Spermatangia,
branches replacing trichoblasts in development and short cystocarps and tetrasporangia were observed in March,
Botanica Marina I Vol. 3 7 I 1994 I Fasc. 2136 Roj as-Gonzalez et al.: New records of Rhodomelaccae from the Canary Islands
April, June and November (TFC Phyc. 7886, 7887,
7888, 7889). 6
Plants examined agreed with previous accounts of the
species. Erect plants were up to 40 mm tall, occasionally
with erect axes from decumbent branches and arose
from a discoidal base, attached to the substratum by rhi-
zoids cut off fro m the proximal end of pericentral cells.
Branches were formed at the axils of tri choblasts and
arranged in a subdichotomous and divergent way. Axes
with 6 - 7 pericentral cells occasionally show a slight
basal cortication in older parts. Spermatangial branches
were long, conical, with I - 3 sterile tip cells. Cystocarps
were spherical and flattened, opening by a narrow osti-
ole. Tetrasporang ia were arranged in long seri es in upper
branches (Fig. 6).
Polysiphonia harveyi Bailey (Fig. 7)
This species has been reported from the Northeastern
coast of North America (Taylor 1957, Kapraun 1977, 7
1980) and recently from the British Isles (Maggs and
Hommersand 1993).
Polysiphonia harveyi was collected at La Restinga (El
Hierro ), growing on buoys, hulls and anchor ropes over
a sandy bottom. Spermatangia, cystocarps and tetraspor-
angia were observed in March, June and November
(TFC Phyc. 7890, 7891, 7892).
The Canarian specimens agreed with Kapraun 's descrip-
tion ( 1977, 1980). Erect plants were brown in colour, up
to 30 mm tall, arising from a discoidal base. Axes with
four pericentral cells were slightly corticated in the older
parts. Spermatangial branches were cylindrical, with an
Figs 6- 7.
sterile apical cell. Cystocarps were spherical to urceo- Fig. 6. Polysiphonia denudata (Dillwyn) Greville ex Harvcy in W.
late, opened by a wide ostiole (Fig. 7). Tetrasporangia J. Hooker. Tetrasporangial branches. Fig. 7. Polysiphonia harveyi
were arranged in series in upper branches. Bailey. Branch with cystocarps.
Plants were soft and delicate, fonn ing dense tufts, light
Polysiphonia carettia Hollenberg (Figs 8- 14)
brown in colour, up to 15 mm tall (Fig. 8). Creeping
Polysiphonia carettia was described by Hollenberg axes were 35 - 75 J.!m diameter, attached by unicellular
(1971) from plants growing on the caparace of the sea rhizoids which a first were in open connection with peri-
turtle Caretta carella Linne from Santa Catali na Island, central cells but later were cut off by a cross wall (Figs
California. Hollenberg fou nd only tetrasporic plants and 9 - 10). Erect axes in lowermost parts were unbranched
according to Abbott and Hollenberg (1976) this species or scarcely branched, but abundantly branched above.
in only known from the type collection. Lateral branches arose at irregular intervals replacing
trichoblasts in development (Fig. ll ). Axes with four
Polysiphonia carettia was collected at Poris de Abona
pericentral cells were uncorticated. Segments were usu-
and Gi.iimar (Tenerife) growing on the posterior half of
ally 2- 3 diameters long and up to 40 J..lm diameter, but
the sea turtle Caretta caretta. Tetrasporangia were ob-
only 1-2 diameters long and up to 15 ~Lm diameter.
served in June and cystocarps and spermatangia in Oc-
Slender trichoblasts were formed at in·egular intervals
tober (TFC Phyc. 7893, 7894).
of 1- 2 segments in a short spiral sequence (Fig. 11 ),
Plants collected in the Canary Islands were in good leaving scar cells when they hung down. Spennatangial
agreement with the description given by Hollenberg branches were elongated, ovoid to cylindr ical, up to 130
(197 1). In addition we have also examined sexual plants. r.tm long and up to 40 r.tm broad, stalked on 2-3 basal
Botanica Marina I Vol. 3 7 I 1994 I Fa se. 2Rojas-Gonzalez et al.: New records of Rhodomelaceae from the Canary Islands 137
Figs 8- 14. Po/ysiphonia careltia Hollenberg.
Fig. 8. Habit. Figs 9- 10. Prostrate axes with rhizoids. Fig. 11. Apex. Fig. 12. Spermatangial branch. Fig. 13. Branch with cystocarps.
Fig. 14. Tetrasporangial branches.
cells, and with a conspicuous sterile apical cell (Fig. 12). Polysiphonia carettia was previously only known from
Cystocarps were ovoid, usually becomi ng urceolate, up Califo rnia. The record of this taxon in the Atlantic
to 275 f.L ID long and up to 250 f.Lm broad, stalked on Ocean, growing on the same species of turtle, suggests
large basal cells and opening by a narrow ostio le (Fig. a widespread distribution for this poorly known species.
13). Tetrasporangia, 25-35 f.Lm diameter, formed spiral Polysiphonia harveyi was previously reported only from
seri es in upper branches (Fig. 14). the Northwestern Atlantic, and recently from the British
Isles. Three species (Aphanocladia stichidiosa, Polysi-
According to Hollenberg (197 1), the species shows uni- phoniafunebris and Polysiphonia ceramiaeformis) were
cellular rhizoids which are not cut off by a cross wall previously known from the Mediterranean Sea and the
from the pcricentral cell, while in the Canary specimens N01t heastern Atlantic, the Canary Islands now constitute
rhizoids, when developed, were cut off by a cross wall. the southernmost known limit of their distribution. Fi-
A revision of the type material of Polysiphonia carettia nally, Polysiphonia denudata is a widespread species in
is needed to evaluate the variability of the rhizoid con- temperate and tropical waters and its presence in the
nections. Canary Islands was not unexpected.
Acknowledgements
Conclusions Thanks are due to Or G. T. Boalch and two anonymous
These newly reported species from the Canary Islands reviewers for their critical read ing of the manuscri pt,
are the result of investigations on the genus Polysi- comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Dr Balles-
phonia, poorly known in this region, and the study of teros for his comments on P ceramiaeformis.
collecti ons from habitats generally poorly investigated This work has been supported by an investigati on pro-
(floating docks, hulls, buoys and anchor ropes in shel- ject of the Ministry of Education and Sciences of the
tered localities; or the caparace of sea turtles). Spanish Government (DGICYT, PB 89-0601 ).
Botanica Marina I Vol. 37 I 1994 I Fasc. 2138 Rojas-Gonzalcz et al.: New records of Rhodomelaceae from the Canary Islands
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