NCMP 2019 Oral Presentations - 8th National Congress on Medicinal Plants 24, 25 April 2019 Tehran, Iran
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8th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
NCMP 2019
Oral
Presentations
18th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Occurrence and Metabolite Profiling of Twisted Garlic Allium obliquum
Hartwig Schulz, Christoph Bottcher
Julius Kuehn Institute (JKI), Federal Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological
Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection.
E-mail: hartwig.schulz@julius-kuehn.de
The genus Allium of the plant family Amaryllidaceae includes more than 900
species. Well-known Allium species like ransom (Allium ursinum L.), garlic (Allium
sativum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.) are used worldwide as vegetables or spicesfor the
preparation of numerous dishes. Due to the vast variety of biologically active agents the
mentioned plant species are also applied in the traditional medicine. Twisted-leaf onion
(Allium obliquum), also referred to as “wild garlic” or “lop-sided onion”, is a Eurasian
species with a range extending from East-Europe to Mongolia. A. obliquum is a
herbaceous, perennial plant producing a single bulb and severalflat leaves, gradually
converging from the base to the tip. The umbels are spherical, dense, polyanthous, with
many yellow flowers crowded together. The plant is harvested from the wild for local use
as a food.Furthermore, the action of A. obliquumextract on B. paeoniae growth has been
studied to determine its fungicidal potential as a biological control of gray mold on peony
plants.The plant is cultivated to a small extent for its edible bulb in Siberia, where it is
used as a garlic substitute, and has potential for cultivation on a larger scale. The task of
this scientific work was to characterize the most valuable low-molecular constituents of
Allium obliquum, and to compare the metabolite profiles with those of ransomgarlic and
onion. For this, extracts of a representative amount of freeze-dried bulbs and leaves were
analyzed for the individual metabolite substanceswhich could be related todifferent
compound classes (fructooligosaccharides, cysteinesulfoxides, flavonoids,
hydroxycinnamic acids, saponins). The qualitative determination of the components as
well as the relative quantification of carbohydrates and cysteine sulfoxides were carried
out by means of (U) HPLC / ESI-QTOFMS. In addition to the relative quantification,
non-structural carbohydrates were quantified by HPLC / ELSD and cysteine sulfoxides
by HPLC / DAD / ESI ion trap MS after pre-column derivatization with 9-
fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride.
28th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Olive Bioactive Compounds: Chemistry and Pharmacology
Leandros A. Skaltsounis*, Sofia Mitakou, Maria Halabalaki
Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Greece.
E-mail: skaltsounis@pharm.uoa.gr
The olive tree, closely connected to the Mediterranean region has provided a
wealth of goods.Research on the olive has started early but it has proven inexhaustible
revealing mainly a vast array of nutritional and health properties. Apart from olive oil and
table olives, the by-products coming from olive processing industry have been proven
attractive materials for research. The aim of this communication is to present a holistic
research strategy towards the multifaceted exploitation of the olive tree including
activities such as extraction, fractionation, isolation, analysis of olive tree productsas well
as investigation of processes related to olive industry andvalorization of by-products.The
main products of the olive tree, olive oil and table olives as well as by-products such as
leaves, paste, mill wastes and table olive wastewaterhave been used as sources for the
recovery of valuable secondary metabolites. This has been performed with conventional
techniques and also by adsorptive resin technology. In addition standardized enriched
fractions have been prepared with various techniques, such as MPLC, HPLC, and CCC.
Isolation of promising lead compounds with emphasis to olive polyphenololeuropein
(leaves), hydroxytyrosol & tyrosol (olive oil, by-products), oleacein&oleocanthal (olive
oil) and lactones (by-products), has been achieved. Additionally advanced analytical
techniques and methodologies (UPLC/HPLC-DAD, HPLC-DAD-HR/MSn, and HPTLC)
have been developed and applied for the qualitative and quantitative determination of
secondary metabolites in all the above mentioned materials. The lab scale processes have
been also adapted to pilot scale systems.The biological profile and the therapeutic
potentialof olive extracts and compounds is explored and supported by severalin vitroand
in vivostudies while their possible application as nutraceuticals, dietary supplementsand
cosmetics is also investigated.
38th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Interspecific Hybridization of Thymus vulgaris and Thymus daenensis for
Superior Hybrids Generation
Siavash Mohammadi1, Leila Tabrizi1,*, Majid Shokrpour1, Javad Hadian2, David Riewe3,
Hartwig Schulz3
1
Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College
of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
2
Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3
Department of Photochemistry, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), 14195 Berlin, Germany.
E-Mail: L.tabrizi@ut.ac.ir
In order to generate new interspecific hybrids in Thymus vulgaris and T. daenensis,
an experiment was carried out at the Research Station of Department of Horticultural
Science, University of Tehran, Iran, during 2016-2018. Frothy hybrids were obtained
from interspecific hybridization using male sterile system. The hybrids were cultivated
along with the parents and were evaluated in terms of growth, yield and phytochemical
characteristics, including plant height, number of lateral branches, plant fresh and dry
weight, leaf dry weight, leaf to shoot ratio, percentage and yield of essential oil and the
main essential oils components (Thymol, Carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene). The
highest leaf dry weight was obtained in H25, H19, H13, H7 and H10 hybrids, respectively
(76.8, 72.5, 69.9, 65.9 and 61.3 g/ plant), which was significantly higher than their parents
(T. vulgaris and T.daenensis, 60.3 and 26.1 g/plant, respectively). The highest essential
oil content was in H25, H18, H19, H20 and H27 hybrids, respectively (5.5, 4.5, 4.5, 4.5
and 4.5 %), compared to the essential oil content of T. vulgaris (2.0%) and T.daenensis
(5.6%). The hybrids of H25, H19, H7, H10 and H13 showed the highest essential oil
yield, respectively (4.22, 3.26, 2.48, 2.28 and 2.27 ml/ plant), which was significantly
higher than T. vulgaris (1.21 ml/plant) and T.daenensis (1.46 ml/plant). Thymol content
in H25 (61.3%) was the highest one compared to T. vulgaris (42.4 %) and T.daenensis
(65.7 %). The results revealed that H7, H10, H13, H19 and H25 hybrids performed better
in essential oil yield and biomass compared to other hybrids and as well as parents.
Furthermore, the H25 hybrid was superior than other hybrids in term of the growth and
phytochemical criteria.
Keywords: Essential oil, Interspecific hybridization, Male sterile, Thyme breeding
Reference
[1] Carlen, C., M. Schaller, C.A. Carron, J.F. Vouillamoz, C.A. Baroffio. 2010. Acta Hort.
860: 161-166.
48th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Mycoconstituents of Endophytic Alternaria Strains Isolated from Herniaria
glabra L. and Impact on the Host’s Plant Specific Metabolites
Solomiia Kozachok1,2*, Lukasz Pecio1, Svitlana Marchyshyn2, Wieslaw Oleszek1
1
Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation,
State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.
2
Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical
University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
E-Mail: skozachok@iung.pulawy.pl
Endophytes are the microorganisms, which grow and colonize inside the living
internal tissues of the host plant, without causing any negative effect to it. They live with
their host in a mutualistic relationship for at least a part of their life span and are thought
to protect their host against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Endophytes may be
transmitted either vertically (directly from parent to offspring) or horizontally (among
individuals). Endophytic microbial communities are also considered to be a pivotal and
prolific source of unique bioactive natural compounds; some of them produce host-
associated plant specific metabolites (PSM). In the present study, metabolomic profiles
of some endophytic fungi isolated from Herniaria glabra L. (Caryophyllaceae) were
determined and their impact on the production of PSM was studied. Axenic monocultures
of Alternaria spp. were inoculated into liquid media of malt extract for 7, 14, and 21 days.
The analysis of mycoconstituents was performed using Waters Acquity UPLC-
TQD/DAD chromatograph and the identification was based on comparing the obtained
MS and UV spectra with the reference data [1]. The highest production of fungi
metabolites was detected in the 14-days-old strains. As a result, the axenic cultures did
not produce PSM, but instead mycotoxins specific for Alternaria spp. such as alternariol,
alternariol monomethyl ether, altenuene, altenusin, altertoxin I, altertoxin II, tenuazonic
acid were detected. Some Alternaria monocultures were supplemented with the surface
sterilized H. glabra herb for 14 and 21 days. As a result, attenuation of mycotoxins
produced by fungus monoculture, and elevated production of herniarin (7-
methoxycoumarin) was observed. The highest concentration of herniarin was detected in
the 14th day of cultivation. The level of 7-methoxycoumarin increased in 3.5-33 times
comparing to a negative control (surface sterilized plant material of the host-plant).
Keywords: Herniaria glabra L., Rupturewort, Endophyte, Mycotoxins, Herniarin
References
[1] Nielsen, K. F., Smedsgaard, J. J. of Chromatography A. 2002, 1002 (1-2),111-136.
58th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Characterization of Herniaria glabra L. Triterpenoid Saponins and their
Enzyme Inhibitory Activity
Solomiia Kozachok1,2*, Łukasz Pecio1, Ilkay Erdogan Orhan2, F. Sezer Senol Deniz2,
Svitlana Marchyshyn3, Wiesław Oleszek1
1
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
3
Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical
University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
E-Mail: skozachok@iung.pulawy.pl
Rupturewort (Herniaria glabra L.) is an annual or biennial plant, a member of the
family Caryophyllaceae, native in Africa, Asia-Temperate and Europe, naturalized in
Japan and Northern America. The extracts from rupturewort (Herniariae herba) are used in
folk medicine in treating metabolic disorders such as urolithiasis, cholelithiasis, gout,
diabetes, and also used in cosmetics as an anti-wrinkle agent as well as skin calming effect.
Rupturewort is a diverse source of phytoconstituents, such as medicagenic and zahnic acid
glycosides (herniariasaponins 1-7), flavonoids, and hydroxycoumarins. Our current
investigation aimed isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity of saponins
obtained from Herniariae herba growing in natural location. For this purpose, we used
extensive chromatographic methods - gel filtration, normal-phase flash chromatography,
and reversed-phase semi-preparative HPLC. The identities of obtained constituents were
deduced and confirmed using subsequent spectral techniques - HRMS (Bruker Impact II
Q-TOF) together with LC-MS/MS measurements of D/L-absolute configuration of the
liberated monosaccharides (Waters Acquity UPLC-TQD), 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy
(Bruker Ascend HD 500) and optical rotations (Jasco P-2000). The determination of
collagenase, elastase, tyrosinase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was performed
in vitro using ELISA microtiter assays. As a result, we achieved isolation of 17 triterpene
glycosides, including 5 known (herniariasaponins 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7) in addition to 12 new
compounds, containing mono- and bidesmosides of medicagenic and zanhic acids with
two previously undescribed aglycones. The following scheme of (partial) glycosidation:
3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl and 28-O-[[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-
fucopyranosyl-(1→)-] for bidesmosides, along with 28-O- [[β-D-glucopyranosyl-
(1→2)-β- D-glucopyranosyl- (1→6)]- β-D glucopyranosyl-(1→)-], was a common
feature for the groups of the isolated compounds. A forementioned enzyme inhibitory
activity was performed for the partially purified crude extract, saponin fraction, and 12 of
the most abundant saponins, and, no or low inhibition towards the mentioned enzymes
was observed.
Keywords: Herniaria glabra L., Rupturewort, Triterpenoid saponins
References
[1] Kozachok, S. et al. Phytochemistry. 2018, 152: 213-222.
68th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Descurainia Sophia L. Webb. Extract: Insight from Nematicidal Activity,
Metabolite Profiling and Nanocomposite Formulation
Ali Roshan-Bakhsh1, Ebrahim Pourjam*,1, Mahdi Ayyari1, Majid Pedram1, Hossein
Ghasemzadeh2, Lukasz Pecio3, Solomiia Kozachok3
1
Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2
Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
3
Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State
Research Institute, Puławy, Poland.
E-mail: pourjame@modares.ac.ir
The two plant parasitic nematodes genera Meloidogyne Göldi (1892) and
Pratylenchus Filipjev (1936) are considered as the first and third worldwide destructive
plant parasitic nematodes. Controlling of nematodes has always been one of the
challenges in modern agriculture, so the eco-friendly approaches due to well-known
dangerous effects of chemical pesticides are expanding nowadays. In the present study, we
have evaluated the Descurainia sophia (flixweed) hydroalcoholic extract for its nematicidal
activity against M. incognita and P. neglectus along with its phytochemical profiling and
preparing its nanocomposite formulation. The 50% v/v of water and ethanol extract of D.
sophia (DSE), showed the maximal nematicidal activity against both nematode species. In
fact, in 3000 ppm of DSE, all nematodes were immobilized and no reviving were observed
after 24h of water treatment. In lower dosages, immobile and dead nematodes were
slightly decreased, although nematicidal effect in all treatments was statically significant
when compared with the control. The egg hatching suppression and repellency of DSE
on both nematode species further corroborated the effect of DSE on biology of
nematodes. In phytochemical analysis, 85 metabolites were detected and quantified in
DSE using UHPLC HR/Q-TOF/MS (Impact II HD, Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen,
Germany) coupled with CAD and UV-VIS detectors. Among these compounds, quercetin
derivatives with 13.84%, sylvatesmin and its derivatives (belonging to lignans) with 7.2%,
citric acid with 6.57%, 3-butenyl-glucosinolate (gluconapin) with 6.51%, isorhamnetin
derivatives with 6.48% and some other unknown sulfur containing compounds (with total
amount of 0.9%) according to the previous reports, were assumed to be related to the
nematicidal activity. The in vivo application of the non-formulated DSE on tomato plant,
was very unstable in soil and was easily removed from the rhizosphere by irrigation. In
present study, DSE was formulated in a nanocomposite structure composed of alginate
calcium beads containing a nanoclay (montmorillonite) and a gelatin/carrageenan/sodium
phosphate hydrogel. Application of the formulated DSE against M. incognita and P.
neglectus in greenhouse condition showed improvement in plant growth parameters and
significant decrease of the nematode population [1].
Keywords: Descurainia sophia L., Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus neglectus
References
[1] Avato, P., D’Addabbo, T., Leonetti, P., and Argentieri, M. P. Phytochemistry Reviews,
2013, 12(4), 791-802.
78th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Medicinal Plants and Herbal Drugs Used to Treat Cancer
Hadi Moattar1, Fariborz Moattar2
1
Goldcost Central Hospital, Australia
2
Goldaru Pharmaceutical
The ancient Iranian physicians knows well the Cancer and the Metastasis of it,
and have used various medicinal plants to treat it. The knowledge of item on Cancer was
very developed, and Avicenna had means. That the air pollution, functional disorder of
liver, inappropriate feeding, and too much Sadness, are the main reasons of getting
Cancer. The main Medicinal Plants that were used to treat Cancers were Cascuta
epithymum L., Helleborus niger L., Sysimbrium officinale L., Plantago psyllium L. and
for the external use, Cheriantus cheiri L. and Calendula officinalis L. Iranians physicians
have used more the syrup of Thymus vulgaris L., Colchicum atumnale L., Solanum
dulcamara L., Alpinia galangal L. and Arctium lappa L. for treating of Cancers too. At
the modern Cancer Phytotherapy it was used Sitostatic active plants, such as Vinca,
Taxsus, Podophylum and the plants with Supplemented Properties for Tumors Therapy,
such as Mistelose, Beet root, Echinacea, Canahis and Sweet Violet. The most important
Medicinal Drugs used today for treating of Cancers are Taxol, which is used specially for
Ovary and Lung Cancers, and Beet root liquid that is used too much by German Scholars.
The expanded studies on Sweet Violet in Isfahan, had showed the excellent effect of it on
various Cancers and Prevention of Metastasis.The Cycoloviolacin O2, a Cyclotides, is
responsible for Anticancer Activities of Violet. The production of Odorata Syrup from
Sweet Violet for Cancer Treatment and Prevention of Metastasis, is a great proud for
Iranian pharmacy, which is done in Isfahan, and can be a great help for Oncologists to
treat their patients very Cheap and Safe.
88th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
627
Untargeted Data Dependent Metabolic Profiling and Combined In-silico
MS/MS Dereplication with Molecular Networking Approach for Annotation
of Phytochemical Constituents of Iranian Glaucium Species
Samad Nejad Ebrahimi1, Mohsen Bagheri1,2, Emerson Ferreira Queiroz2, Laurence
Marcourt2, Alireza Ghassempour1, Pierre-Marie Allard2, Jean-Luc Wolfender2
1
Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti
University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
2
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CMU-Rue
Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva 11, Switzerland.
The genus of Glaucium, Papaveraceae family, are a rich source of different classes
of isoquinoline alkaloids with various pharmacological activities. This study focused on
isolation and identification of phytochemical constituents of three Iranian Glaucium
species: G. corniculatum, G. fimbrilligerum and G. grandiflorum based on information
obtained from preliminary untargeted data dependent metabolic profiling, molecular
networking and in silico dereplication [1]. Sequential extraction was performed and
chromatographic separation was achieved on a UPLC I-class system interfaced to a Q-
Exactive Focus mass spectrometer. Molecular networks were created using the GNPS
platform (http://gnps.ucsd. edu) after pre-processing the HRMS/MS data by Mzmine
2.32. Output data from GNPS were visualized using Cytoscape 3.4.0 software. The
annotation of the molecular networks was performed by spectral matching against an In-
Silico MS/MS DataBase. The spectral scores were taxonomically pondered using
occurrence of the hits in Glaucium species and Papaveraceae family as a weight. This
resulted in the annotation of several characteristic alkaloids. The large scale isolation and
purification of the methanolic extract by combination of fractionation by high speed
counter current chromatography and preparative reversed phase chromatography resulted
in the identification of various alkaloids such as glaucine, predicentrine, N-
metyllindcaprine, bulbocapnine, corydine, and N-methyl-β-canadine. Their structures
were established by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D (1H NMR) and 2D-
NMR (COSY, HSQC and HMBC) as well as HRMS.
Keywords: Glaucium, Molecular Networking, In-Silico dereplication
References
[1] Allard, PM.; Péresse, T.; Bisson, J.; Gindro, K.; Marcourt, L.; Pham, VC.; Roussi, F.;
Litaudon, M.; Wolfender, J-L. Anal. Chem. 2016, vol.88, pp. 17-23.
98th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Chaleng on the Way of Herbal Medicine Producing in Iran
Seyed Sadreddin Nabavi
Member of Board of A.P.H.M.P, Managing Directorof Know.Tech.Phar Company.
E-Mail: sadr.nbv@gmail.com
Herbal medicine is a new and young industry in Iran. From 35 years ago founding.
The first companies in the field of packing herbal medicines and producing primary drug
forms has begun. The process of founding companies and producing herbal medicine has
had a slow motion until the recent years which we see a nearly good development and
expansion. The foundation of new companies speeded up and producing herbal medicines
as various drug forms in the Iranian medicine market, became a special priority in the
companies planning. Albeit this expanding trend there are many obstacles on the way,
which some of them return to the nature of production work but some obstacles will be
removed by reforming regulations and revisions in the existing regulations and pave the
way for talented people and companies, like many countries which have caused the
growth of an industry by providing realistic rules and pragmatic approaches and over time
have reached their ideals. To set up a factory , for rolling a factory wheel, for the
formulation and registration of natural medicines and for distributing them there are some
issues and problems. The reformations and revisions mentioned above can help the
foundation of manufacturing companies, product diversity and better distribution. In this
lecture we will address the issues and difficulties of starting up, manufacturing and
managing companies in the field of herbal medicine, and most important challenges
facing the herbal medicine industry in Iran will be discussed. Also Issues such as laws
and regulations for obtaining permissions for constructing a production unit, budget and
cash flow, providing raw materials, problems for distributing herbal medicines, exporting,
difficulties in interacting with some governmental sectors and issues related to knowledge
based companies will be discussed and analyzed.
108th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Systematic and Holistic Investigation of Pistacia Lentiscus Resin, a Unique
Product with Exceptional Pharmacological Properties
Maria Halabalaki
Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of
Pharmacy,University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
Chios mastic, is the resinous secretion obtained from the wounds of the trunk and
branches of P.lentiscus L. var. Chia, which is endemic to the Greek island of Chios. Since
antiquity (500BC), Chios Mastic has been well recorded for its medicinal and
pharmaceutical properties. From 1997, Chios mastic has been identified as a product of
Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) while cultivating mastic has been inscribed by
UNESCO in 2014 in its Representative List of theIntangible Cultural Heritage of
Humanity. In July 2015, mastic was recognized as a traditional medicinal product by the
European Medicines Agency (EMA) with two therapeutic indications (mild dyspeptic
disorders & skin inflammation/ healing of minor wounds). In the frame of acontinuation
study on Pistacia sp. an integrated, complementary bottom up approach has
beendesigned. This approach includes isolation of active, marker compounds from
starting material with fast and state-of-the-art techniques (CPC-UV, SFC-UV-MS);
profiling and characterisationof composition via multiple analytical methods (HPTLC,
HPLC-DAD, UPLC-HRMS and HRMS/MS and NMR); and validation of methods for
quality control purposes. Additionally, pharmacokinetic characteristics of major mastic
constituents have been determined after a human cohort and metabolomics approaches
(LC-MS and NMR) have been implemented for revealing of biomarkers. The current
work could be considered as an example of a complete workflowimplemented in
medicinal plants, from the natural entity to human organism.
References
[1] Bozorgi M, Memariani Z, Mobli M, Hossein M, Surmaghi S, Shams-Ardekani MR,
and Rahimi R. Sci. World J, 2013: 1–33.
118th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Medicinal Plants in Labiatae Family
V.Mozaffarian
Member of scientific board (Botanist) Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands.
E-mail: mozaffar@rifr-ac.ir
Labiatae family with Botanical Characters: Herbs or shrubs,stems often 4-angled.
Leaves exstipulate, simple, sometimes pinnate, always opposite. Inflorescence of cymes
borne in the axils of bracts or upper leaves and usually contracted to form false whorls
(verticillasters), is one of the largest plant families with ca. 45-50 Genus and ca.400 often
aromatic Species in Iran. The most largest genus in the family are:
Nepeta 79 species Scutellaria 27 species
Salvia 61 species Phlomis 19 species
Stachys 35 species Eremostachys 17 specie
Between plants of the Labiatae family there are some genus and species which are used
in traditional medicinal plantas in Iran before being acquaint with Modern medicinal
plants and some of them are used by local people as vegetable. Most famous of them are:
Teucrium, Marrubium, Otostegia, Dracocephalum, Hyssopus, Ziziphora, Satureja, Origanum,
Thymus, Zataria, Mentha, Melissa, Zhumeria, Salvia, Perovskia, Lavandula, Ocimum
In folk medicine people are belived that most of the plant species in Labiatae family have
sweet odor, but there are some genus which are foetid and with unpleasant odor as:
Nepeta, Stachys, Scutellaria, Phlomis, Eremostachys
May be we say that all of the Salvia species have pleasant odor if rather bitter and pungent.
Here we refer to some well knownmedicinal Genus and species of Labiatae plant family.
Dracocephalum moldavica /Badrangbuyem badrashbi, Hyssopus angustifolius /Zufa
Lallemantia iberica /Balangu, Lamium album / Gazanesefid, Lavandula spp. /Ostokhuddus
Marrubium vulgare /Frasiun, Melissa officinalis / FaranjmoshkmVarangbu, Mentha spp. / Pune,
Nepeta cataria /Pune saye gorbeii, Ocimum basilicum /Reihan, Origanum vulgare /Marzangush,
Marzanjush, Otostegia persica / Golder, Kase Gol, Perovskia abrotanoides / Berazambal,
Rosmarinus officinalis / Romaran, Rosmary, Salvia officinalis / Maryam goli, Satureja hortensis
/ Marze, Stachys lavandulifoia / ChayeKuhi, Teucriumpoliu / Maryam nokhudi, Thymus vulgaris
/ Avishan, Zataria multiflora / Avishane shirazimSaatar, Zhumeria madae / Moure khush,
Ziziphora tenuior
Beside to introduction of Medicinal plant for better acquaintance we show some
powerpoints and speaking about most famous usage of these plants.
128th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Seizure Disorders
Nima Naderi
School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
E-mail: naderi@sbmu.ac.ir
The cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa) contains approximately 1000 phytocannabinoids
and terpenes that have a number of complex mechanisms of actions. The twophytocannabinoids
that have attracted the most attention for treating epilepsy are delta‐9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
and cannabidiol (CBD). More recently, cannabidivarin (CBDV), the propyl analog of CBD, is
getting attention. THC, which acts through CB1 receptor, is responsible for most of the
psychoactive effect of marijuana. However, CBD and CBDV appear to lack these complicating
properties. For this reason, researchers stopped developing THC as an anticonvulsant drug, yet
CBD was the natural cannabinoid compound most studied for the treatment of epilepsy. Cannabis
derivatives have multiple pharmacologic targets. It was shown that they probably do not work for
epilepsy solely via the endocannabinoid system and the exact mechanism of their anti-seizure
effect is not clear.Animal studies showed that CBD has a low affinity for the endocannabinoid
receptors. So a range of other pharmacologic effects have been suggested to explain its anti-
seizure properties.In human studies, treatment with CBDshowed acceptable outcomes in a few
retractable seizures in children.Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of plant-derived CBD for
treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) and Dravet syndrome, two severe childhood-onset
epilepsies, provide evidence of anti-seizure effects.The largest study was done on 214 epileptic
patients with a variety of epilepsy syndromes.The results were promising, with a 35.5% reduction
in motor seizures.As for specific type of seizure, the first completed RCT showed theefficacy of
CBD in patients with Dravet syndrome. Treatment with CBD caused ≥50%seizure reduction
compared to baseline. Moreover, 5% of the patients became seizure-free.LGS is the other disease
very difficult to be pharmacologically controlled. Two RCTs using CBD in patients with LGS
have beencompleted. In one RCT, there was 44-49% reduction in seizures in the CBD group
compared with placebo (P = 0.01). The second LGS study compared two doses of CBD to
placebo. Both doses (10 and20 mg/kg) of CBD produced significantly greater reductions in drop
seizures, compared to placebo. In 2018, for the first time, the FDA approved EPIDIOLEX® which
contains plant-derived CBD, for the treatment of LGS and Dravetsyndrome.Overall, the data of
the animal studies and clinical trials showed that cannabinoids have anti-seizure properties.
However, they have complex and unreliable pharmacokinetics and they interact
pharmacokinetically with a range of other antiepileptic drugs when they when they are
concomitantly used. For example, potential interaction with sodium valproate to induce
hepatotoxicity, and somnolence in patients taking concomitant clobazam were reported. In
pharmaceutical point of view, more studies are neededto developan oral formulation with
consistent pharmacokinetics suitable for human use. In therapeutically point of view, it is not
clear whether phytocannabinoids such as CBD will make a major difference in the lives of most
patients with retractable seizure. Some patients with a particular type of epilepsy show very
promising response to therapy while other patients with the same type of disease showed moderate
or sometimes no improvement, suggesting a genetic reason for such discrepancy. Further studies
are needed to determine if the anti-seizure effects of CBD are extendable to other forms of
epilepsy, and to reveal the exact mechanisms by which CBD or other phytocannabinoids exert
their therapeutic effects.
138th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Comparison Landraces of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Inyield,
Morphological and Phytochemical Characteristics in Iran
Sajjad Hosseini1, Farsad Nadjafi1,*, Mohammad Hassan Asareh2, Hassan Rezadoost1
1
Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Alborz, Iran.
Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is an annual medicinal plant belonging to the
buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). This plant is used mostly as spice and also in
traditional medicine but today it is also considered in modern pharmaceutical
industry.The object of this research was to study the variation of morphological,
phytochemical and agricultural yield related characteristics of this landraces in different
parts of the country. For this object, 17 landraces were collected from different regions
of Iran and were cultivated in same climate conditions in a Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) with three replications at Seed and Plant Certification and Registration
Institute (SPCRI) for two years (2015-2016). Morphological treats like plant height (in
cm), plant diameter (in cm), crown diameter (in mm), length and diameter of the capsule
(in mm), number of branches, length and diameter of seeds and yield related parameters
like number of capsules per plant, number of capsule carpels, capsule weight per plant (in
g), number ofseeds per capsule, seed weight per plant (in g), biological yield (in g/m 2)
and seed yield (in g/m2) and on the other hand their phytochemical characteristics
including both essential oil and fatty acids of their fixed oil contents was studied. Results
showed that landraces of moderate regions have more seed yield and highest yield related
parameters like biological yield, Seed weight per plant, Number ofseeds per capsule,
capsule weight per plant, number of capsules per plant, plant diameter and plant height.
The highest seed yield was obtained in Hamedan landrace (186.64 g/m2) while landraces
of dry regions had more harvest index and 1000 seeds weight. Correlation coefficients
studies showed that it is a strong correlation between seed yield and parameters like
biological yield, Number ofseeds per capsule, number of capsules per plant, plant height,
plant diameter and number of branches. Finally the percentage of oil content was in a
range of 27-33 % among different landraces and also the amount of essential oil was
varied in a range of 0.68-1.33 %. Oleic acid and Linoleic acid were the two major
unsaturated fatty acids in the oil and varied between 74-81%. The most component in
essential oil was thymoquinone and p-cymene which comprised 70-79% of it.
Keywords: Medicinal plant, Nigella sativa L., Landrace, Fatty acid, Thymoquinone
References
[1] Gholinezhad, E.; Abdolrahimi, B.; International Journal of Advanced Biological and
Biomedical Research, 2014, 2(4): 919-930.
148th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Plant Virus Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
Alireza Ghassempour
Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, ShahidBeheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Iran.
E-mail: a-ghassempour@sbu.ac.ir
The correct diagnosisof a plant disease and correctly identificationof the infection
agent (fungi, bacteria and virus) is an elaborate process.The identification of plant viruses,
due to complex media, remains difficult, despite the existence of several procedures.
When culture is positive, the identification of incriminated virus canbe performed by
colony morphological diagnosis such as distinguishing a rod-shaped virus from an
icosahedron or by biochemical properties such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
(ELISA) orantigen-based methods. Serological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
techniquesare available methods to identify virusesbut require good knowledge of capsid
proteinor nucleic acid sequence, and also consumelong time. Various mass spectrometric
techniques have been introduced in the last years to characterize proteins and nucleic acid
sequence for known and unknown plant viruses. In the formercategory, thegenetically
engineered proteins, capsid protein dynamics and surface glycosylation of proteinhave
been studied by mass spectrometry (electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix assisted
laser desorption ionization (MALDI)). Digestion of capsid by trypsin, chemotrypsin,
pepsin and thermolysin havebeen applied and several databasesexistence for
identification of virus. Also, identification of unknownviruses by mass spectrometry
based on proteomics have beenreported. In spite vigorously growing of proteomics for
study of microorganisms but PCR still has a unique role for identification of pathogens
such as plant viruses. This molecular tool has also shown highconcordance with
traditional culture methods in identifyingmicroorganisms.PCR–mass spectrometry (PCR-
ESI/MS and PCR-MALDI-TOF) has emerged as atechnology that is capable of
identifying a wide range of known and also unknown viruses. In this lecture, we intend
to focus analysis of virus by mass spectrometry methods, advantages and limitations.
158th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
New Approaches in Extraction and Analytical Techniques for Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants
Farahnaz Khalighi-Sigaroodi*
Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, Karaj, Iran.
E-mail: khalighi@imp.ac.ir
Plant materials are used throughout the world as home remedies, drug products
and raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry. The World Health Assembly has
emphasized the need to ensure the quality of medicinal plant products by using modern
control techniques and applying suitable standards [1]. Aromatic plants are a source of
fragrances, flavors, cosmeceuticals and health beverages [2]. The analytical methods that
are applied for evaluation of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are used particularly
for the analysis of secondary metabolites. The main problems that exist are related to
correct sample preparation, separation of the analytes and choosing the right methods.
This presentation mentions several methods of operation such as wet milling,
simultaneous distillation-extraction, phytonics process, and describes some special micro
and headspace techniques specially ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). IMS is a widely
used technique that separates ions in the gas phase and is a low cost method for fast and
sensitive evaluation of different analytes. The analytical techniques applied for the
characterisation of MAPs should be suitable for separation and quantification of the
related substances. The main components are not necessarily the active substances, as
quite often minor constituents are more responsible for biological effects and the quality
of the plants. In order to answer the question of which methods is the most suitable,
several criteria, besides the plant matrix, must be considered. In this way several aspects
must be noted such as the nature of the sample (small or large, dry or fresh, liquid or solid,
homogeneous or inhomogeneous) and the nature of the analyte (volatile or non-volatile,
stable or unstable, polar or non-polar). In conclusion, there is a great diversity of active
substances within and between the individual medicinal and aromatic plant species. It is
therefore important for future research activities to gain more exact knowledge regarding
the distribution of active components in plant parts, single plants and breeding
environment.
Keywords: Extraction, Wet milling, Phytonics process, Ion mobility spectrometry
References
[1] World Health Organization. Quality Control Methods for Herbal Materials, 2011.
[2] Handa, S. S.; Khanuja S. P. S.; Longo G.; Rakesh D. D. Extraction Technologies for
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2008.
168th National Congress on Medicinal Plants
24, 25 April 2019
Tehran, Iran
Agronomic Priorities in Medicinal Plants Production Case Study: Blessed
Thistle, Echinacea, Artichoke and Guar
Majid AghaAlikhani
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
E-Mail: maghaalikhani@modares.ac.ir
Arable lands is limited while the requirements of human to cultivate plants for
food, feed, clothing and medicine are diverse and growing up. Increasing the global
approach to consume the herbal medicines has created specific position for medicinal
herbs in community health of the countries. In such a manner that effective substances of
medicinal herbs could be considered as one of the strategic products for the country beside
the sugar, protein, oil and carbohydrates derived from ordinary crops. Excessive
harvesting of medicinal plants from natural habitats cannot last long and will bring a
significant reduction in biodiversity. Therefore domestication and cultivation of them is
too necessary.This has been defined as "providing the possibility of growing and
producing medicinal plants under cultivated and controlled environment conditions."
Lack of knowledge about proper crop management in medicinal plants are the underlying
factors in low yields. Preserving genetic resources, reducing the pressure on natural areas,
increasing the yield and quality of effective substances are considered as the most
important goals of cultivating medicinal plants. In order to achieve these goals, they
should be cultivated in areas which have the appropriate weather, climate and soil in
accordance with ecological requirements, physiological characteristics and expected
yield components of each medicinal plant. In addition, a series of ecophysiological
experiments should be conducted in the field and controlled environment to determine
the most suitable crop operation (date and method of cultivation, plant density, crop
arrangement, etc.) and type, amount, time and method of application of crop inputs
(water, fertilizers, pesticides, hormones and growth regulating substances). With these
information we will develop a precise plan for the cultivation of medicinal plants in the
country's farms. Obviously, in determining the agronomic priorities, we must first start
with the plants that are most needed, but they create small populations with limited
distribution in the habitats, and are therefore more susceptible to excessive harvesting. If the
country's climate, the region's agricultural calendar, the maximum expecting economical
yield with maintaining and improving the quality will be considered in determining the
priorities of medicinal plants, the ecosystem health is guaranteed and the sustainable
production of medicinal plants will be possible. In this paper, agronomic priorities of four
medicinal herbs consisted of Echinacea (Echinaceae purpurea L.), Blessed thistle
(Cinnus benedictus L.), Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. Scolymus L.) and Guar
(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) have been investigated. Each of the mentioned plants has
many valuable properties and uses, so many pharmaceutical companies have been
manufacturing and marketing a variety of medicinal and cosmetic products based on their
effective substances.
Keywords: Artichoke, Blessed thistle, Biodiversity, Cultivated conditions, Echinacea
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