NASA and NOAA Stratosphere observing missions for Ozone Research - Ken Jucks NASA HQ, Earth Science Division
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
NASA and NOAA Stratosphere
observing missions for Ozone Research
Ken Jucks
NASA HQ, Earth Science Division
CYGNSS (8) NISTAR, EPIC 2015
SMAP
GRACE-FO (2)
OCO-2
ICESAT-2
2020
GPM
SENTINEL-6
MICHAEL FREILICH GEDI LANDSAT 8 EARTH FLEET
TROPICS (6) EMIT
SUOMI NPP INVEST/CUBESATS
TEMPEST-D 2021
ECOSTRESS
CSIM-FD 2023
NISAR 1995 2010 HARP 2022
CIRIS 2023
LANDSAT 7 CALIPSO
OCO-3 CTIM* 2022
HYTI* 2022
LANDSAT-9
TERRA SNOOPI* 2022
CLOUDSAT NACHOS* 2022
AQUA
SWOT AURA NACHOS2* 2022
CLARREO-PF
TSIS-1 2000 JPSS INSTRUMENTS
GEOCARB LIS 2005 OMPS-LIMB 2022
LIBERA 2027
TEMPO SAGE III
PREFIRE (2) MAIA ISS INSTRUMENTS
KEY PACE
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS TSIS-2
U.S. PARTNER GLIMR ESO-1, 2, 3, 4
ISS INSTRUMENT PREFORMULATION SENTINEL-6B
JPSS INSTRUMENT FORMULATION MISSIONS
CUBESAT OPERATING
LAUNCH DATE TBD EXTENDED
06.1.2021 2025
International Space Station
Earth Science Operating Missions
TSIS-1 (2018)
ELC-2 EMIT (TBD) ELC-3
AMS
ESP-3 ELC-4
Columbus EF ELC-1
JEMEF
OCO-3 (2019)
GEDI (2018)
SAGE III (2017) ECOSTRESS (2018) LIS (2020)
CLARREO PF (2023) Formulation
External Logistics Carriers: ELC-1, ELC-2, ELC-3 Implementation
External Stowage Platforms: ESP-3
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Primary Ops
Columbus External Payload Facility Extended Ops
Kibo External Payload Facility
05.23.19
NASA/NOAA program of record for limb sounding
• MLS on Aura Satellite
• 2004-Present
• 5-year prime mission, recently were accepted for continuing extended mission for 3 more years
• More later…
• Obtains profiles of O3, H2O, N2O, HCl, ClO, HOCl, BrO, HNO3, CO, HO2, other trace species.
• SAGE-III
• 2017-present
• 3-year prime mission.
• Recently accepted for extension of the mission for the first time.
• Obtains profiles of O3, H2O, aerosols, NO2, NO3
• OMPS-Limb on S-NPP
• 2012-present
• Because the satellite is operated by NOAA, it will operate as long as NOAA deems the satellite is
needed for operational weather observations.
• Obtains profiles of O3, aerosols
• OMPS-Limb on JPSS-2
• 2022 targeted launch date
• Same as S-NPP
NASA/NOAA program of record for Column O3
• OMI on Aura Satellite
• 2004-Present
• 5-year prime mission, accepted for extended mission for 3 more years
• More later…
• Obtains total columns for O3, NO2, SO2, H2CO, aerosols
• OMPS Nadir on S-NPP
• 2012-present
• Because the satellite is operated by NOAA, it will operate as long as NOAA deems the satellite is
needed for operational weather observations.
• Obtains total columns for O3, NO2, SO2, aerosols with less spatial resolution than OMI
• OMPS-Limb on JPSS-1 and JPSS-2
• 2017 launch for JPSS-1
• 2022 targeted launch date for JPSS-2
• Same measurements as S-NPP
• TEMPO
• 2023 targeted launch date
• Same as OMI from Geostationary Orbit with ~5-10 km footprint
Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)
Nadir module combines two
sensors,
Total Column Nadir Mapper
(TC-NM) and Nadir Profiler (NP),
to measure total and vertical
ozone distributions.
Limb Profiler (LP) module is
designed to measure vertical
ozone profiles with high vertical
resolution (1–3 km) from the
upper troposphere/lower
stratosphere to the mesosphere.
OMPS synergy: All three OMPS These modules are based on heritage designs
sensors operate in UV/VIS from earlier NASA’s missions, like TOMS and OMI
spectral range and sample the for Nadir Mapper, BUV/SBUV/SBUV/2 for Nadir
same air masses within ~10 Profiler, and Shuttle Ozone Limb Sounding
minutes Experiment flown on STS-87 and STS-107 for
Limb Profiler.
OMPS LP stratospheric optical depth
7
OMPS LP aerosol extinction and sAOD daily zonal mean in the tropics
(10oS – 10oN)
8
EOS Aura
• Launched VAFB, July 15, 2004
• Orbit: Polar: 705 km, sun-synchronous, 98o incl.,
ascending 1:45 PM equator crossing time.
– Aura follows Aqua in the same orbit by
EOS Aura (cont)
• Instrument status shows various status of “health”.
• MLS has now lost two channels, one (the THz channel) was expected.
– Operations are nominal.
– MLS should operate until ~6-12 months after Aura is forced to lower orbit and
allowed to orbit drift. At some point in time, it will no longer have sufficient power to
operate.
– ~2025
– Key global coverage of data profiles will end for these key species: N2O, HCl, H2O,
HNO3
• OMI still has a blockage over a portion of its field of view.
– The blockage is understood and dealt with through data analysis.
– The operations of OMI have transitioned from KNMI/Netherlands to NASA GSFC.
– NASA will continue to do the initial data processing for data continuity to ensure
appropriate data overlap with Sentinel 5-Precursor.Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas
Experiment/International Space Station (SAGE III/ISS)
sage.nasa.gov
Science Objectives:
• Monitor the vertical distribution of aerosols, ozone, water vapor
and other trace gases in Earthʼs stratosphere and troposphere
to enhance understanding of ozone recovery and climate
change processes in the upper atmosphere
• SAGE III/ISS will provide data necessary to:
o Assess the state of the recovery in the distribution of ozone
o Extend the stratospheric aerosol measurement record
needed by both Climate models and Ozone models
o Gain further insight into key processes contributing to
ozone and aerosol variability
Mission Approach: Mission Team:
• Mid-inclination orbit for monthly coverage of tropics and mid- • NASA Langley - Science; Project Management; System
latitudes Engineering and Mission Design; SMA; I&T; Launch Support;
• Launch Feb. 19, 2017 (CRS-10); Phase E start July 1, 2017 Mission Operations; Science Data Processing and Delivery
• Baseline mission 3yr; manifested on ISS through 2024 • NASA Johnson & ISS Program - System Engineering
• Resume flight project w/core hardware - SAGE III instrument Support, Hexapod Pointing System and ISS mounting
& Hexapod adaptors, ISS Mounting Location, Launch Processing and
• Update payload for current/future ISS configuration (MLM) Access to Space, Infrastructure and Telemetry Data
• Augment payload for improved knowledge of ISS environment • European Space Agency & TASI - Hexapod Pointing
System and Sustaining Engineering
11SAGE III/ISS V5.1 Baseline Data Products
PRECISION
PRODUCT BIAS
Lower Strato CORE Upper Strato
Transmission @ 600 nm
< 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.0
(0-100%)
Tropopause 20-33km <
LUNAR SOLAR
AEROSOLEXT 50 km 50% < 5%; 10% for 520 & 676nm
20%; 5%
@55 km 15%;
OZONE_AO3 @10 km 20% 15-40km 3%SAGE III/ISS Ozone Validation
Ø Comprehensive validation of SAGE III/ISS v5.1
solar ozone data against correlative satellite,
lidar, and sonde measurements
Ø Agreement between measurement systems is
as expected in the stratosphere (< 5%) and
upper troposphere (< 10%)
Ø Precision is < 3% through most of the
stratosphere, relaxing in the lower
mesosphere (10–15%) and upper troposphere
(20–30%)
Ø Identifies improvements that can be
implemented in future versions
Ø Data quality is suitable for stratospheric ozone
trend studies
Wang et al., JGR, doi: 10.1029/2020JD032430, 2020
SAGE III/ISS End of Prime Mission Review, September 2020 13SAGE III/ISS Water Vapor Evaluation Ø Comparison of Frost-Point Hygrometer (FPH) soundings coincident with SAGE III/ISS v5.1 and other sensors used in constructing the Stratospheric Water and OzOne Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) data set (Davis et al. 2016) Ø Bias from FPH is ~ -0.3 ppmv (-10%) in middle-to-lower stratosphere with virtually no altitude dependence Ø Precision is ~ 10% in mid-to-lower (Credit: Sean Davis, NOAA/CIRES) stratosphere, relaxing in the upper stratosphere to 20-30% SAGE III/ISS End of Prime Mission Review, September 2020 14
Hourly atmospheric pollution
from geostationary Earth orbit
PI: Kelly Chance, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Instrument Development: Ball Aerospace
Project Management: NASA LaRC
Other Institutions: NASA GSFC, NOAA, EPA, NCAR, Harvard, UC
Berkeley, St. Louis U, U Alabama Huntsville, U Iowa, RT Solutions, Carr
Astronautics
International collaboration: Mexico, Canada, Cuba, Korea, UK,
ESA, Spain, Netherlands
Selected Nov. 2012 as NASA’s first Earth Venture Instrument
• NASA will arrange hosting on commercial geostationary
communications satellite with launch expected NET 11/2018
Provides hourly daylight observations to capture rapidly varying
emissions & chemistry important for air quality
• UV/visible grating spectrometer to measure key elements in
tropospheric ozone and aerosol pollution
• Distinguishes boundary layer from free tropospheric & stratospheric
ozone
Aligned with Earth Science Decadal Survey recommendations
• Makes many of the GEO-CAPE atmosphere measurements
• Responds to the phased implementation recommendation of GEO-
CAPE mission design team
North American component of an international constellation for air quality observations
7/21/21 15TEMPO summary
• Currently completed and integration to a commercial Geostationary
satellite is ongoing.
• Maxar is the host for TEMPO
• Launch is estimated for November 2022
• TEMPO is a very similar instrument to the GEMS sensor launched
last year by Korea, with an added visible channel.
• Data should start flowing some time in 2023!
7/21/21 162017 NASA Decadal Survey
• National Research Council issued the report in January 2018
• Ozone and stratospheric trace gas observations WERE identified as a high
science need by the research community!
• BUT, there were NOT identified as one of the 5 science objective that the
Decadal Survey committee said that NASA SHOULD develop a mission.
• HOWEVER, they DID get identified as an observable to be included in the
Explorer Class of experiments, if NASA gets the budget to initiate such missions.
• It is one of 6 observables considered for this class.
• NASA expects to do 2-4 of these missions IF the funds become available
• Explorer Class missions are to be mid-sized, competed missions.
• Other observables included in Explorer Class include:
Greenhouse Gases, Ice Depth, Snow Depth/water, Atmospheric Winds,
Biomass structure, Ocean Surface Dynamics
17Data Gaps from space issues
• Observations of Ozone related species like ClO, HCl,
H2O, N2O, CFCs in the stratosphere may end after Aura.
• NASA now knows that the Decadal Survey committee
has designated Ozone and Trace gases as a moderately
high priority observation.
• Space observations have many advantages as many of
the key climate coupling questions can only be answered
with them.
– There WILL be a gap in the observations of trace gases, even if
a new mission gases gets selected.
• The new Decadal Survey called out for “Earth Venture
Continuity” missions as well as the prior EV opportunities.
– Whether a mission to do this fits within the cost constraints of EV
remains to be seen.You can also read
