MODERN MINING IN THIS ISSUE - Bakubung Platinum Mine forges ahead Kipushi dewatering project on track Strong performance from Randgold ...
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MODERN MINING November 2013 Vol 9 No 11 www.crown.co.za IN THIS ISSUE… Bakubung Platinum Mine forges ahead Kipushi dewatering project on track Strong performance from Randgold Feature: Consultants/project houses
MODERN MINING November 2013 MINING NEWS 6 Construction starts on Venetia Underground 7 Underground drilling at Namib mine underway 7 Kangala produces its first ROM coal 8 Sishen takes delivery of six new locos 10 Further revenue growth for Rockwell Diamonds 11 Another kimberlite discovery at Tsabong North 12 12 First gold pour at Banro’s Namoya mine looms 13 Côte d’Ivoire has big exploration potential 14 Maiden drilling campaign at Jangamo 14 Firms selected for Steenkampskraal study 16 DiamondCorp provides update on Lace 18 Mawson West to mine underground at Dikulushi 19 Styldrift to use BRPM concentrator ARTICLES 20 Cover 20 EPCM contractor’s skills on display at Bakubung Copper/zinc 26 Ivanhoe on track with dewatering of Kipushi Gold 31 Randgold turns in strong quarterly performance Equipment 51 JVT secures order from diamond mine 26 53 Dynamic test facility simulates seismicity FEATURE – CONSULTANTS/ PROJECT HOUSES CONTENTS 34 LogiMan to construct Tschudi copper plant 38 Bateman Africa takes on the Tenova identity 43 New consultancy fills a market niche 46 SNC-Lavalin completes Kamoto expansion 49 Consultants provide entry point to Africa 31 PRODUCT NEWS 55 Precast concrete culverts chosen for Tweefontein 56 Vibrocone transforms the crushing process 57 Johnson adds giant mobile crane to its fleet 58 Steel arch support systems from Becker 60 Linatex® extends maintenance period on chute 61 Osborn mineral sizer for gold application 63 Melco optimises its TOP solution for conveyors 64 FLSmidth provides process flow solution for Shanta 34 11.13 3
SURVEY DETAILS THE STATE MODERN OF SOUTH AFRICAN MINING MINING Publisher I t’s no secret of course that the last 12 to 18 months have been difficult ones lowest real price in the last decade with a 31 % decline on its highest price since 2008. Coal, too, has disappointed, dropping by more Jenny Warwick for South Africa’s mining industry. The com- than 45 % from its 2011 high. bination of a global economic slowdown to- “Mining companies have an ever-diminish- Editor gether with some uniquely South African ing capacity to continue absorbing operational Arthur Tassell problems – for example, fractious labour re- cash outflows in unprofitable operations,” lations and poor productivity – have left the says the report. “A decline in local production Advertising Manager industry battered and bewildered and there as a result of closure of marginal mines, lack Bennie Venter is a palpable mood of gloom surrounding the of new and sustaining investment and more mining sector. expensive deeper mines will add significant Design & Layout But – vague impressions and emotions aside supply-side upward pressure on prices.” Darryl James – just how badly have South Africa’s mining Sadly, but not surprisingly, PwC points out Circulation companies been impacted by present market in SA Mine that South Africa does not rate par- Karen Pearson conditions? Well, some hard figures are given ticularly highly as a mining investment desti- in the just released (at least as I write this) fifth nation, performing relatively poorly in various Subscriptions: edition of SA Mine, PwC’s annual survey of surveys such as the Fraser Institute’s annual Wendy Charles the state of the local mining industry, which is survey and ranking only 53rd of 148 countries R410 (incl. Vat) per annum based on the financial results of the top min- in the World Economic Forum’s Global Com- Postage extra outside RSA ing companies with a primary listing on the petitiveness report. JSE, as well as those with a secondary listing On safety, SA Mine is more encouraging. Printed by: whose main operations are in Africa, for finan- Safety is clearly improving, with a significant Shumani Printers cial year ends to June 2013. The selection cri- decrease in fatalities since 2000. The report teria excluded Anglo American and BHP Billi- notes that (in terms of LTI frequency rate per The views expressed in this ton as, according to PwC, “these organisations million man hours) the top performing com- publication are not necessarily do not necessarily reflect trends in the South panies in the top 10 in the year under review those of the editor or the African mining environment.” were Kumba Iron Ore and Exxaro. publisher. The report says that a significant decrease Discussing labour costs, SA Mine notes that in the profitability of South African mining while these (as a percentage of total operat- Published monthly by: resulted in a substantial contraction in the ing expenses) actually decreased slightly from Crown Publications cc market capitalisation of South African min- 43 % to 42 %, they still constitute the biggest P O Box 140, ing stocks, with the market capitalisation cost component in the South African mining Bedfordview, 2008 of the top 37 companies analysed in the re- industry. Labour cost percentages vary from Tel: (011) 622-4770 port declining by 28 % from R833 billion to above 50 % for deep-level mines to below Fax: (011) 615-6108 R597 billion at 30 June 2013. While one might 30 % in opencast environments. e-mail: mining@crown.co.za have thought that platinum miners would be Apart from labour, other costs are going up hardest hit, the gold mining companies in fact at alarming rates, with consumables and sup- experienced the biggest loss of value, losing plies increasing at rates well above inflation, R109,6 billion (almost 50 %) of their market and utility expenses (including electricity and capitalisation, with the biggest contributors to water) by a massive 17,2 % – though this was the decrease being AngloGold Ashanti, Gold a smaller increase than the 21,1 % recorded in Fields and Harmony. the previous year. “Generally, balance sheets remained strong, Finally, SA Mine has an interesting section with stable liquidity,” the report states. “How- on risk, with one of the specific risks high- ever, increased gearing was needed for com- lighted being the tendency for everyone to re- panies to fund sustaining capital expenditure gard South Africa’s mining industry as a sort of and in some cases operating losses. The R25 ‘cash cow’ that can be exploited for short-term billion impairment provisions raised highlight gain – what the report calls “instant gratifica- the difficulty to make long-term decisions in tion versus long-term sustainability”. volatile markets.” Shareholders, for example, want higher On commodities, SA Mine says that coal dividends instead of reinvestment, the govern- maintained its strong position as the leading ment wants to maximise short-term tax rev- COVER South African mining commodity generator enue, organised labour wants excessive wage Shaft sinking at the Bakubung (28 % of total revenues), followed by PGMs increases, without any linkage to productivity Platinum Mine in the Western (22 %), gold (20 %) and iron ore (17 %). All gains or long-term viability, while communi- Bushveld. WorleyParsonsTWP the other metals and minerals accounted for ties prefer short-term benefits to longer-term is the EPCM contractor on the the balance of just 13 %. The survey, inciden- initiatives in fields such as education. As PwC project, which is covered on tally, notes that South Africa is now only the says, “Leadership will be required from all page 20 of this issue. world’s sixth biggest gold producer, having re- stakeholders to ensure the long-term optimisa- cently been overtaken by – of all places – Peru. tion of the industry.” PwC says the financial challenge faced by This latest edition of SA Mine has been pro- gold mining companies is apparent in the duced by a PwC team headed by Hein Boeg- decreases in real rand prices and notes that man, African Mining Leader, and Andries Ros- gold has dropped by more than 32 % since souw, Project Leader, and can be downloaded Average circulation it achieved a 10-year high in the previous fi- from PwC’s website (www.pwc.co.za/mining). (April–June 2013) nancial year while platinum has fallen to its Arthur Tassell 4 337 11.13 5
mining news Venetia underground project launched company’s investment decision, adding that it boded well for the economy of the prov- The De Beers Group of Companies recently plc; Mark Cutifani, Chief Executive of Anglo ince. “The launch of this underground mine began construction of a new underground American plc and Chairman of The De Beers shows that South Africa remains an invest- mine beneath its open-pit Venetia mine in Group; Philippe Mellier, CEO of The De Beers ment destination of choice and, through our Limpopo Province. The R20 billion (US$2 bil- Group; Barend Petersen, Chairman of De mining laws, we will continue to ensure that lion) investment will extend the life of Vene- Beers Consolidated Mines (DBCM); Manne this investment sustainably benefits mining tia beyond 2040 and replace the open pit as Dipico, Chairman of DBCM empowerment communities and labour-sending areas.” South Africa’s largest diamond mine. shareholder Ponahalo Holdings; and Phillip Added Mark Cutifani: “Anglo American’s With underground production expected to Barton, CEO of DBCM. roots are firmly in South Africa, and we have commence in 2021, the underground mine will President Zuma praised the investment by been a proud investor here for almost 100 treat approximately 130 Mt of ore, containing De Beers to extend the life of the mine into the years. Over the last 14 years alone, Anglo an estimated 96 million carats. The mine will 2040s. “Let me, again, welcome the launch American has invested nearly R200 billion in also support over 8 000 jobs directly, and a of this construction phase of the Venetia un- South Africa, emphasising our commitment further 5 000 through the supply chain. derground project,” he said. “This R20 billion and making a real difference for South Africa President Jacob Zuma, guest of honour, investment in the diamond industry, the big- and all South Africans. The positive social symbolically turned the first earth at a cer- gest single investment in the diamond indus- impact of skills development, the acquisition emony held at Venetia on 22 October. Also try in decades, signals that indeed our mining of economically valuable experience and the present were, amongst others, Susan Sha- sector is poised for growth, and that it has a potential to uplift rural and sometimes poorer bangu, Minister of Mineral Resources; Sir bright future.” communities, is what exists here at the heart John Parker, Chairman of Anglo American Minister Shabangu also commended the of Venetia.” VIPs including President Jacob Zuma and Minister Susan Shabangu at the launch of the Venetia underground mine on 22 October (photo: De Beers). Record gold production by Tau Lekoa “Following the granting of the provisional liquidation order at Blyvoor on 6 August 2013, In the quarter ended 30 September 2013, our flagship Tau Lekoa mine which showed Blyvoor has been classified as a discontinued Village Main Reef achieved a record gold further improvements on the June quarter,” operation. As Blyvoor remained fully opera- production at its Tau Lekoa mine with more comments Ferdi Dippenaar, Village Main’s tional during July 2013 prior to the granting than 1 000 kg produced, up 33 % quarter on Chief Executive Officer. “Our challenge will be of the provisional liquidation order, the opera- quarter, from 817 kg (26 267 oz) to 1 090 kg to maintain the momentum going into what is tion incurred a loss of R46 million. Manage- (35 044 oz). Tau Lekoa generated cash of normally a difficult time of the year. ment does not expect any further losses from R156 million for the quarter. Gold production “The restructuring process at our Buffels Blyvoor. costs from continuing operations were down operation was completed with the mine be- “Our focus on ensuring that we generate 11 % from R317 320/kg to R285 082/kg. ing placed on care and maintenance on positive free cash flows from our operations Losses from Buffels materially reduced af- 16 August, 2013 when the initial retrench- whilst not unduly subsidising non-perform- ter it was placed on care and maintenance ment process was concluded. Due to the tim- ing assets is delivering the planned results. during the quarter while Blyvoor was placed ing involved, Buffels still incurred substantial Some work still remains to be done at limiting in provisional liquidation, resulting in no fur- electricity and labour costs in the quarter pumping costs at Buffels and with production ther future losses from this operation. which are expected to decrease in the current from Cons Murch expected to increase we “From an operational perspective, Village quarter to levels of approximately R7 million are confident that these measures will have a is pleased with the production achieved at a month. positive impact on the Q2, 2014 FY results.” 6 11.13
mining news Underground diamond drilling at Namib mine underway AIM-listed, London-headquartered North River Resources has begun underground diamond drilling at its Namib lead zinc silver project in Namibia. The initial campaign, in- volving approximately 5 000 m of drilling, is designed to upgrade and expand the proj- ect’s compliant resources. The Namib mine currently has JORC-compliant inferred and indicated resources of 668 000 tonnes at 6,6 % zinc (Zn), 2,5 % lead (Pb) and 46 g/t silver (Ag). To control and secure its schedules, North River has purchased a Kempe pneumatic U3‑9B diamond drill, which is capable of drill- ing holes to a maximum length of 300 m. An extensive drill campaign has been designed for beneath and within the historic South and Junction mine workings, and also at the un- mined North orebody resources area. A Kem- pe specialist is on site to train North River staff as drillers as part of this process. The Namib project is a brownfield site. The Namib mine operated for 24 years from 1968 to 1992 as a North River reports it is also mobilising a low-cost private concern, using simple mining techniques. It was closed due to low commodity prices in the early 1990s, union problems and a lack of capital (photo: North River Resources). second diamond drill, an Atlas Copco 262, to expedite the drilling. This drill is a larger underground to facilitate operations. tromagnetic surveys, and mine planning. It is and more powerful diamond drill and, as a Both initial drill campaigns are expected to hoped that this process will also upgrade ex- result, some excavations are required to pre- take several months to complete. isting resources and potentially prove maiden pare its drill pads. The planning and prepara- In addition to both drilling campaigns, reserves. The results of this, along with the tion for this drill campaign is well advanced, North River’s technical consultants are con- two drilling campaigns, will form part of the with mining equipment on site, and the in- ducting further geological reviews, in con- Definitive Feasibility Study on the Namib proj- stallation of explosives magazines, ventila- junction with the re-testing of historic assays, ect that is currently underway and targeted tion and water systems already constructed re-interpretation of historic down-hole elec- for completion in March 2014. Kangala produces its first ROM coal down estimates. The project remains within capital budget estimates and there are cur- ASX-listed Universal Coal is a step closer to site. Cold commissioning of the BC1/BC2 cir- rently no indications of any potential cost becoming a coal producer following mining of cuit was due to start in mid-November 2013, over-runs. the first run of mine (ROM) coal at its Kangala with hot commissioning commencing at the Kangala is Universal Coal’s first operation. coal mine in the Witbank coalfield. With the beginning of December 2013. Off-site con- The operation is being run on the histori- BC1/BC2 circuit of the processing plant hav- struction of the DMS plant is progressing well cally proven outsourced model, with Stefa- ing arrived on site and assembly well under and is ahead of schedule. nutti Stocks Mining Services supplying both way, Kangala remains on schedule to deliver Recruitment of mining personnel is nearly the mining fleet and skill set to run the ini- first production in February 2014. complete, with almost 100 % of the perma- tial eight-year Wolvenfontein pit, operating a The Kangala mine will be the company’s nent mining staff vacancies currently filled. fleet of 60-t trucks, 85-t excavators and sup- first coal operation, producing 2,1 Mt/a of Recruitment of the processing plant person- porting equipment. The processing facility saleable thermal coal, with 2 Mt/a allocated nel is progressing with off-site training of the containing a 350 t/h crushing and screening to Eskom, and a further 100 kt/a to the export new recruits under way. circuit and the 200 t/h DMS washing plant, market with leading South African coal miner Drawdown on the Kangala mine project will be owned by the company, but its opera- Exxaro. The majority of the coal allocated to finance facility provided by Rand Merchant tion will be outsourced to Mineral Resource Eskom will pass through the completed BC1/ Bank continues in line with forecasted draw- Development. BC2 crushing and screening plant, due to be- gin commissioning in December this year. The boxcut, on which construction started in the first week of July 2013, remains on Power plant ESIA gets the nod schedule, with the upper most coal seams Ncondezi Energy, listed on AIM, has received erage yield of 70 % and an average strip ratio having been exposed. The first ROM coal official notification from Mozambique’s Minis- of 0,61 bcm/tonne using contractor mining. scheduled from the pit will be utilised for the try for Coordination of Environmental Action Mine commissioning is planned for H2 2016 base of the product stockpiles to prevent (MICOA) regarding the approval of the Envi- to meet the power plant stockpile require- contamination at a later stage with remain- ronmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) ments ahead of its commissioning in H2 2017. ing boxcut coal to be utilised during commis- for the Ncondezi mine, part of its 300 MW in- Ncondezi Energy has also recently complet- sioning of the crushing and screening plant in tegrated thermal coal mine and power plant ed additional infill drilling of 33 core and three December 2013. project which is located near Tete in north- LD holes within a target mine area of the South The processing facility plant has two sec- ern Mozambique. Ncondezi Energy will now pit to further increase drill density and upgrade tions, namely the DMS washing and the BC1/ commence the application process for an JORC indicated resources into the measured BC2 crushing and screening circuit. Shipping environmental permit. category. The drilling has been focused within of the BC1/BC2 circuit to site has involved The Ncondezi mine will be an open-pit op- a ring fenced area capable of supplying the re- the modules being transported in sequence, eration targeting production of 1,3 Mt/a of quired coal for the first phase of the 300 MW facilitating assembly as the modules arrive on saleable product to the power plant at an av- power plant for more than 25 years. 11.13 10.13 7
mining news Sishen takes delivery of six new locos only owned four GE locomotives for loading in pairs. The additional locomotives had to be rented from Transnet for loading in pairs at R13 700 per locomotive per day to meet dispatching targets. Each time a locomotive broke down, loading pairs had to be split up in order to compensate for the defective locomotive. The new C30-ACi GE locomotives will make it possible to deliver on production performance levels at Sishen. Where two locomotives were needed previously to load a train of 114 wagons, only one will now be required. The new locomotives will therefore also save costs for Sishen mine because it will not be necessary to hire locomotives to meet capacity anymore. This project is a significant milestone be- cause Sishen mine will not replace these locomotives again in the current life of mine, as they have a lifespan of 35 years. The new units are configured for Sishen’s loading con- The scene at the handover of the new locomotives (photo: Anglo American). ditions and were commissioned and tested without any problems. Kumba Iron Ore’s Sishen mine took delivery needed because it was hard to find parts and Tim Schweiker, President and CEO of Gen- of six brand new locomotives on 31 October current technology did not work on existing eral Electric South Africa, handed the key for 2013. These state-of-the-art locomotives are locomotives. Maintenance costs also started the first locomotive to Kumba Iron Ore’s CEO, manufactured by international conglomerate to increase because these older technolo- Norman Mbazima, saying, “General Electric General Electric (GE). gies had to be replaced and sourced from all is grateful for the opportunity to have Sishen Locomotives started running at Sishen over the world. mine as a customer. We are impressed by mine in 1978 and current ones exceeded Further, Sishen mine requires ten loco- the magnitude of the operations and that this their operating time by almost seven years. motives (five pairs) to maintain successful mine again put their trust in GE to provide the Therefore new locomotives were critically dispatches of iron ore. Previously, the mine locomotives.” Global exploration spend shows sharp drop to a 24 % drop in their exploration budget to- tal in 2013. According to preliminary results from SNL struggled to attract investor interest and have Despite lower allocations for most coun- Metals Economics Group (SNL MEG)’s 24th been forced to rein in spending as their cof- tries, companies continue to explore across edition of Corporate Exploration Strategies fers have depleted; in 2013, the juniors’ total the globe, with exploration planned for 127 (CES), the estimated worldwide total budget exploration budget fell 39 % year on year, countries in 2013, down from 129 in 2012. for nonferrous metals exploration dropped to dropping their share of the overall total to This includes a continued willingness to ex- US$15,2 billion in 2013 from US$21,5 billion in 34 % from a high of 55 % in 2007. Although plore in high- or medium-risk jurisdictions, 2012 – a 29 % decrease. most metals prices remain at or near ten-year which accounted for more than half the an- SNL MEG’s 2013 exploration data and averages, higher operating and capital costs, nual budget total for the past several years, analysis are based on information collected along with pressure from activist sharehold- despite ongoing concerns and uncertainty from almost 3 500 mining and exploration ers, have required major companies to focus over security, policy, taxation, and resource companies worldwide, of which more than on a return to healthy margins after years of nationalism. In contrast, the share of budgets 2 100 had exploration budgets for 2013. growth-oriented spending. The majors’ cut- allocated to mature mining regions such as Since early 2012, junior companies have backs in capital projects and exploration led Canada and the United States fell in 2013: Canada’s total budget was down 41 % year on year due to weakness in the country’s Kibo Mining starts drilling at Imweru junior sector, while the United States’ total declined 38 % as many gold majors scaled Kibo Mining, listed on AIM and the AltX, has fied by previous operators on the project. back exploration programmes. Canada and begun a 3 000 m drill programme at its Im- These zones extend over 10 km along Australia remained the top countries overall, weru project in northern Tanzania. The proj- strike and have been drilled to a maximum with the US, Mexico, and Chile rounding out ect is located in the gold prolific Lake Victoria depth of about 200 m. Based on this drilling, a the top five. goldfield and is situated approximately 35 km NI 43-101 compliant inferred gold resource of The proportion of overall exploration bud- west of and along strike of AngloGold Ashan- 629 000 oz of gold was calculated for Imweru. gets dedicated to minesite work reached a ti’s Geita deposits. Imweru, together with Kibo was established in early 2008 to ex- new historical high in 2013, with producers Lubando (approximately 35 km east of Geita), plore and develop mineral deposits in Tanza- emphasising brownfields programmes as a contains a total gold resource of 797 900 oz. nia and was admitted to AIM in London on less capital-intensive and less risky means The two brownfield exploration projects were 27 April 2010 and the AltX in Johannesburg of replacing and adding reserves. In con- recently acquired by Kibo. on 30 May 2011. trast, many junior companies sharply cur- The drill programme at Imweru will com- The mineral assets of the company com- tailed late-stage and feasibility programmes prise approximately 750 m of diamond drill- prise five projects areas in Tanzania – Haneti in an effort to conserve cash, while some ing and 2 250 m of reverse circulation drilling (nickel, PGE and gold), Morogoro (gold), Lake majors made strategic decisions to scale in 20 holes and has been designed to further Victoria (gold), Rukwa (coal) and Pinewood back late-stage exploration due to near- and evaluate the gold mineralised zones identi- (coal and uranium). medium-term uncertainty. 8 11.13
mining news CEEC Medal-winner for 2013 announced A paper presented at the 45th Annual Canadi- an Mineral Processors Operators Conference in Ottawa, Canada this year has received the 2013 CEEC (Coalition for Eco-Efficient Com- minution) Medal. The presentation of the Medal was made at a function held in Van- couver, BC, Canada. Fisher Wang, Stefan Nadolski, Olav Mejia, Jeff Drozdiak and Bern Klein co-authored the paper titled Energy and Cost Comparisons of HPGR based circuits with the SABC circuit installed at the Huckleberry Mine. This paper summarises a comprehensive energy and cost study comparing an existing SAG mill-based circuit at Huckleberry mine with two proposed circuits involving comminution technologies which are associated with energy efficiency: high pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) and high speed stirred mills. It was concluded that the energy reduction for the new flowsheets significantly improved the economics of the Dave Nikolejsin, BC Deputy Minister for Energy Huckleberry comminution duty. and Mines, and Fisher Wang, one of the co-au- thors of the 2013 CEEC Medal-winning paper. Over 10 papers were nominated for the award. The Medal review committee was led the concepts to be readily adapted to op- by CEEC Director Dr Zeljka Pokrajcic, Prin- erating plants or incorporated in the design cipal Process Engineer with WorleyParsons. of new circuits. Further criteria were that the The committee evaluated all nominated pa- results should be robust and believable and pers on the basis of the paper’s potential to that papers should communicate their ideas improve energy efficiency and the ability for clearly and effectively. Jubilee moves forward on tailings project Jubilee Platinum says it has reached a key discussions with the community to access a milestone in its plans to process the platinum- second road link to allow the targeted pro- bearing Dilokong Chrome Mine (DCM) tailings cessing capacity to increase to 35 000 tonnes by concluding a funding arrangement to meet per month. the working capital requirement. Jubilee is “The processing of the Dilokong Chrome targeting the start of processing within the tailings significantly enhances Jubilee’s earn- next three months based on expected time ings capability and brings the company a lines to re-commission the processing plant. step closer to concluding the proposed Plati- The funding arrangement includes both num Australia transaction. We have a strong debt and equity. The debt component was asset base from which to grow and remain secured following due diligence by the inves- fully focused on becoming an integrated and tor on the earnings potential of the process- operational platinum company.” ing of the DCM tailings, which allowed Jubi- Jubilee’s subsidiary, Pollux Investment lee to reduce the equity funding requirement. Holdings, was awarded the processing right “The funding arrangement secured by to recover the platinum group metals (PGMs) Jubilee is a key step towards the commence- contained in the 800 000 tonnes DCM sur- ment of the processing of the DCM tailings,” face tailings resource. Jubilee concluded a comments Jubilee CEO Leon Coetzer. “Jubi toll processing agreement in November 2012 lee has targeted an initial processing rate of with PhokaThaba Platinum, a subsidiary of 10 000 tonnes per month ramping up to a Platinum Australia Limited (PLA) (under ad- targeted 25 000 tonnes per month within four ministration), for the processing of the tail- months of operation. Jubilee is currently in ings at the Smokey Hills concentrator. SRK well represented at conference SRK Consulting (UK) was a gold sponsor of “Aside from the inspirational location, del- the recent International Mine Closure Confer- egates were treated to a presentation relat- ence held at the Eden Project in Cornwall, UK ing to closure activities on the coal fields in between the 18th and 20th September. The Germany and ideas that demonstrated that conference was attended by delegates from a regional approach to closure may allow for over 23 countries. SRK was itself represented the leverage of many economic opportuni- by 21 delegates from six offices located on ties as long as closure planners ‘think big’,” four continents with seven SRK staff present- said James Lake, principal scientist, SRK ing papers at the conference. Consulting (SA). 11.13 9
mining news Rockwell Diamonds reports further revenue growth Reporting on its second quarter (to 31 August 2013), Rockwell Diamonds says the quarter was characterised by strong year-on-year revenue growth of 33 %. Total revenue was C$9,9 million, comprising C$8,6 million from diamond sales and beneficiation income of C$1,3 million, up 24 % and 185 %, respec- tively. The overall volume of gravel processed and diamond production from Rockwell’s properties (including royalty mining con- tracts) was up 26 % and 46 % year-on-year, respectively. The operating profit for the quarter was C$2,5 million. The net loss for the quarter narrowed to C$1,4 million compared to a loss of C$2,0 million in the prior year. Commenting on the second quarter perfor- mance of Rockwell, James Campbell, CEO and President, said: “Our second quarter results confirm that operationally we are in a stronger position than two years ago, having delivered on a number of strategic milestones towards our initial objective of processing 500 000 m3 per month of quality gravels. We have also been able to extend the life of our flagship operation at Saxendrift by integrat- ing Saxendrift Extension, which has a five- year remaining mine life, into Saxen drift’s mine plan with pleasing results. The suc- cessful commissioning of the Saxendrift Hill Complex plant, based primarily on Bulk X-ray technology, provides us with a blue print for future mine developments. At Niewejaarsk- The Bulk X-ray plant at Rockwell’s Saxendrift Hill Complex (photo: Arthur Tassell). raal, we commissioned the mine in record time and are on track to achieve nameplate flow from operations of C$3,6 million. From Subsequent to the balance sheet date, capacity by the end of 2013, slightly behind a financial perspective, the results are start- Rockwell recovered four rough diamonds our original plans. ing to reflect the decisions taken during the each exceeding 100 carats in weight from its “The steady improvement in our operat- course of our corporate turnaround and have operations in the MOR region including two ing results is a direct result of our decision equipped us to achieve our objective to be a typical yellow MOR stones. to exit our loss-making operations and fo- mid-tier diamond mining company.” Progress also continues with Rockwell’s cus our resources on growing our footprint The effectiveness of the Bulk X-ray technol- secondary strategy to leverage the value of in the Middle Orange River (MOR) region. ogy at Saxendrift Hill Complex was confirmed certain properties that it does not wish to Notably, monthly carat production from our during the quarter. A grade improvement ex- mine due to size or other reasons. own operations in July and August was at its ceeding 40 % was achieved compared to the Four royalty contract miners operated at highest level since the strategic review that traditional Saxendrift pan plant, shown by Tirisano (in North West Province) during the took place at the start of fiscal 2012. Second processing Saxendrift Extension gravels in second quarter and a fifth is due to start in quarter highlights include the 33 % revenue parallel though both plants. the third quarter, and the projected monthly growth, representing our fifth consecutive Production commissioning commenced mining volumes at Tirisano are 150 000 m3. quarter with higher US dollar-denominated at Niewejaarskraal in July 2013 on Rooikop- The contract miner at Rockwell’s Zwemkuil revenues. In addition, we achieved a C$2,5 pie gravels with the recovery of 175 carats, property in the MOR commenced production million operating profit and positive cash including three stones exceeding 10 carats. in June 2013. Dunrobin gold project EIA approved AMC is a Zambian-based environmental and mining engineering firm formed in 1994. ASX-listed Luiri Gold has received official ap- “The EIA permit is a significant step towards The EIA was carried out on the basis of a proval of its Environmental Impact Assess- commencement of development at Dunrobin,” proposed project involving the construction ment (EIA) and the accompanying Environ- says Luiri Gold Chairman Melissa Sturgess. of a new gold mining operation with a 10-year mental Permit for the proposed open pit and “The company’s commitment to corporate life of mine. Operations will comprise open- processing plant at its Dunrobin project, west social responsibility (CSR) programmes and pit mining at the historic Dunrobin mine and a of Lusaka in Zambia. local job creation was a key element of the 150 000 to 200 000 t/a gold processing plant. A positive decision was made by the Zam- EIA approval process and the company looks The plant, to be located adjacent to the open bia Environmental Management Agency forward to establishing its initial production pit, will produce 13 000 to 18 000 oz per an- (ZEMA) following extensive consultation with capacity to provide the cash flows required to num. The planned process circuit comprises numerous stakeholders and is valid for a three unlock the full potential of its significant min- crushing, milling, cyanide leaching, solids/ year period in which project implementation ing licence tenement holdings.” liquid separation, cyanide recovery, carbon must take place. This approval and issue of Luiri commissioned African Mining Con- in solution Au recovery, carbon elution and the Environmental Permit is the last major per- sultants (AMC) to conduct its Environmental regeneration, gold electrowinning and tail- mit required ahead of project development. Impact Assessment for the Dunrobin project. ings disposal. 10 11.13
mining news Another kimberlite discovery at Tsabong North Pangolin Diamonds Corp, listed on the TSX-V, proximately 100 km north of the town of Tsab- targets in the project area, several of which recently announced that it had discovered a ong in south-western Botswana, is 1 545 km2 have surface areas exceeding 20 ha. new kimberlite, Martin 01, in its 100 %-owned in size. It is comprised of anomalous concen- The project is situated on the margin of Tsabong North project in Botswana. The Mar- trations of kimberlite indicators and has large the Archaean Kaapvaal Craton in a similar tin 01 kimberlite is located approximately geo-botanical features. Pangolin has identi- tectonic environment to the Orapa kimberlite 12 km north of the Magi kimberlite, discov- fied more than 50 drill-ready aeromagnetic field. ered earlier this year. A single hole was drilled into the magnetic target. Geophysical modelling indicates that the Martin 01 kimberlite may be up to 31 ha in size (0,31 km2). Crater facies volcanic sediments were in- tersected at 85 m below surface while sandy tuffs were intersected at a depth of 105 m. According to Pangolin, this kimberlite is distinguished from other kimberlites in the re- gion in that it has a cover of Karoo sediments, including poorly developed thin coal seams. This is the first recorded discovery of a kim- berlite in Botswana below the Karoo Forma- tion in the area. Core samples are being submitted to inde- pendent laboratories to recover any indicator minerals, and any diamonds. Comments Dr Leon Daniels, Pangolin’s Chairman: “The discovery of an additional kimberlite within the project area is highly encouraging. The fact that it is covered by Karoo age rocks indicates the significance of not stopping the search for more kimber- lites.” The Tsabong North project, located ap- A drill rig operating at the Tsabong North site in south-western Botswana (photo: Pangolin Diamonds). 11.13 11
mining news First gold pour at Namoya expected by year end The Namoya site as it was in mid-October this year (photo: Banro). Canada’s Banro Corporation reports that gramme is proceeding on schedule with ing increased leach capacity. development of its Namoya gold project in completion of the construction and installa- Upon completion of all phases of this ex- the DRC continues to progress and says it is tion of the four new, larger-capacity, carbon- pansion, including the addition of a second expected that the stacking of the heap leach in-leach tanks. The removal and refurbish- carbon kiln and a second elution circuit, it is pads will commence in early Q4, leading to ment of six of the smaller tanks is underway, anticipated that higher throughputs of up to Namoya’s first gold pour before year end. The with re-installation of these tanks expected 140 000 tonnes per month and improved gold EPCM contractor on the project is MDM En- during the fourth quarter of this year, provid- recoveries will be achieved during 2014. gineering. Namoya – which is costing approximately US$225 million to develop – will have antici- pated average annual production of 124 000 Shanta on track to produce 63 000 ounces ounces of gold over a seven-year mine life. Shanta Gold, which operates the New Luika erational performance, Mike Houston, CEO, The mine lies on the south-western end of Gold Mine in the Lupa goldfield of south-west said: “This quarter has seen two important the Twangiza-Namoya gold belt in Maniema Tanzania, reports a gold production of 18 914 milestones in Shanta Gold’s ongoing devel- province, approximately 225 km south-west ounces in Q3 2013, up 31 % from Q2. Gold opment. Firstly, one can say with a certain of Bukavu. sales for the quarter were 19 235 ounces at degree of confidence that, with four consecu- Banro also reports that its Twangiza mine an average price of US$1 366 per ounce. The tive months in excess of 6 000 ounces, gold near Bukavu produced 20 784 ounces of gold company says it is on track to deliver a full production at New Luika has stabilised and for the third quarter of 2013, as the mine con- year gold production of circa 63 000 ounces the company is well positioned to increase tinued to optimise its processes and under- and that it is maintaining its full year guidance production with the commissioning of the go its planned expansion to increase future of an All-in Sustaining Cost of US$1 000 to new crusher and elution/electrowinning plant throughput to up to 1,7 Mt/a. US$1 100 per ounce. in Q2 2014. This, supported by our debt re- The second phase of the expansion pro- Commenting on the Q3 production and op- structuring and cost reduction initiatives, has given the company a solid platform to not Senior appointment by Anglo American only ride out the current volatile gold market but also drive returns for shareholders. “Secondly, the announcements of our Anglo American plc has announced the appoint- the Base Metals and Minerals group. maiden reserve and the positive drilling re- ment of Ruben Fernandes as CEO of its Nickel, Aged 48, Fernandes joined Anglo American in sults have provided the company with an op- Niobium and Phosphates businesses, with effect 2012, having been head of mining at Votorantim portunity to review the total resource with a from 1 December 2013, following its decision to Metals in Brazil, responsible for projects and ex- view to increasing production and extending combine the management of the three commodity ploration activities around the world, as well as op- the life of mine at New Luika.” businesses. erations in Peru and Colombia. Between 2009 and The production outlook for 2014 is de- Walter De Simoni, CEO of the Nickel business 2011, he was COO at Vale Fertilisers, responsible pendent on successfully commissioning the since 2009, has decided to leave Anglo American for the fertiliser operations, sales and marketing. crushing and elution/electrowinning plants to pursue other opportunities. Fernandes, currently A graduate in Metallurgical Engineering from and the ongoing work on optimising the CEO of Anglo American’s Niobium and Phosphates the Federal University of Minas Gerais, he also milling capacity. Shanta is therefore, at this businesses, will report to Duncan Wanblad, CEO of holds an MBA from the University of São Paulo. juncture, targeting production of circa 80 000 ounces for 2014. 12 11.13
mining news Côte d’Ivoire has big exploration potential the country’s technical skills base. The mine had also developed a market for goods and Côte d’Ivoire has the potential to become one missioned amid the unrest that followed the services from local suppliers. of Sub-Saharan Africa’s key exploration des- disputed outcome of the presidential election “In line with our partnership philosophy, we tinations if its government and mining com- and initially suffered from an erratic power regard the local community as an important panies join in a long term commitment to the supply from the Ivorian grid, as well as some stakeholder in Tongon, and since the start we development of a sustainable mining industry plant start-up issues. These were being ad- have worked closely with our community on in the country. This is the view of Randgold dressed through a number of plant expansion projects designed to improve education and Resources Chief Executive Mark Bristow. and upgrade projects, Bristow said, and the health, and to support agriculture. As part of At a media briefing in the West African mine’s performance was steadily improving. this programme, I’ll be handing over a trac- state, Bristow said Côte d’Ivoire was highly Tongon’s positive impact on the Ivorian tor, a water tower, three teachers’ houses and prospective for gold and other metals but economy was not confined to its contribution three more classrooms to our neighbouring under-explored relative to some of its West to the state coffers, Bristow said. Randgold’s villages. As with all the preceding projects, African peers. In addition, it had arguably the local employment policy had directly created we’ll be monitoring these to ensure that most advanced infrastructure in the region almost 1 800 jobs at the mine while its train- the villages get the full benefit from them,” – a key consideration for investors – as well ing programmes had significantly increased Bristow said. as a competent civil service. To exploit these advantages, the Ivorian government should ensure that its mining code, currently under review, remained investor-friendly and that it New Dawn’s indigenisation plan approved acted as a partner to the mining companies TSX-listed New Dawn Mining Corp, which These transactions are not expected to ini- in the creation of long term economic value operates gold mines in Zimbabwe, including tially provide significant capital to New Dawn. to benefit all stakeholders. the Turk mine near Bulawayo, has announced The second is the transfer, for no monetary Randgold owns and operates Côte that the Zimbabwe Minister of Youth Devel- consideration, of equity interests in each of d’Ivoire’s largest gold mine at Tongon and opment, Indigenisation and Economic Em- the company’s operating subsidiaries in Zim- Bristow said the company’s geologists were powerment has approved the company’s pre- babwe to Community Share Ownership Trusts aggressively exploring its portfolio of 15 viously filed Plan of Indigenisation. and Employee Share Ownership Schemes permits elsewhere in the country for further As previously announced, the company’s amounting to 10 % and 5 %, respectively. multi-million ounce gold deposits. Plan consists of two key components. The New Dawn reported recently that it was Tongon, which went into production at the first is the acquisition of equity interests in closing its Dalny mine near Kadoma. It said end of 2010, has already produced more than New Dawn by four independent indigenous that a major factor contributing to Dalny’s 600 000 ounces of gold and contributed more investor groups in Zimbabwe, as well as the current difficulties had been the more than than US$50 million to the State in the form participation by the National Indigenisation two-year delay in the approval process for the of royalties and taxes. The mine was com- and Economic Empowerment Fund (NIEEF). company’s proposed Plan of Indigenisation. 11.13 13
mining news Maiden drilling campaign at Jangamo total heavy minerals, with ilmenite, rutile and zircon recorded in the mineral concentrate. Savannah Resources, an exploration com- The 2 000 m RC drilling programme will fur- Agua Terra, which has extensive experience pany listed on London’s AIM, has com- ther define the prospectivity of Jangamo and in the Jangamo locality, has been contracted menced an initial drilling programme at its test key dunal systems within the project area. to complete this initial drill programme. 80 %-owned Jangamo heavy mineral sands Previous regional scout sampling conducted “This is a highly exciting time for the com- project in southern Mozambique. by Savannah returned results up to 18,1 % pany as we embark on our maiden drilling campaign at our flagship Jangamo project,” comments Savannah’s CEO, David Archer. “The programme has been designed to test the prospectivity of the three main morpho- logical zones identified and test key dunal systems which are thought to be prospective for mineral sands. We believe that the proj- ect has the potential to generate significant value for the company and its shareholders and look forward to reporting on this drilling programme and results in due course.’’ The project area is covered by a series of north-east trending Quaternary dunal and flu- vial deposits, many of which have confirmed heavy mineral mineralisation from surround- ing explorers. The area has three morpho- logical zones, composed of two inland dunes (red sands) which are the highest areas, sep- arated by a low lying area (alluvial sands) with different sedimentary characteristics. The project covers an area of 180 km2 along an extensive dune system near the village of Jangamo, about 350 km to the north-east of the capital, Maputo. Jangamo lies immediately to the west of Rio Tinto’s Mutamba deposit, one of two ma- jor deposits Rio has defined in Mozambique, which collectively have an exploration target of 7-12 billion tonnes at 3-4,5 % total heavy RC drilling at Jangamo in October this year (photo: Savannah Resources). mineral (THM). Firms selected for Steenkampskraal feasibility study Canada’s Great Western Minerals Group Ltd the primary independent project coordinator number of infrastructure projects in Africa. (GWMG) reports that it has selected the fol- and author of the NI 43-101 compliant SKK SMS, also based in South Africa, has been lowing firms to prepare the Steenkampskraal feasibility study report. Venmyn Deloitte is selected as the independent QP to prepare (SKK) rare earth project feasibility study – a global mining and valuation business with the SKK underground mine and infrastructure Venmyn Deloitte, ULS Mineral Resource Proj- professional expertise providing independent design portion. SMS is a privately-owned ects and Sound Mining Solution (SMS). technical and economic assessment and re- mining consultancy company with significant “Each firm was selected because of their view of mineral projects. experience in Africa. SMS has recently been excellent expertise in their component of the ULS is based in South Africa and has been engaged in several rare earth projects in dif- project,” commented GWMG President and selected as the independent QP to complete ferent capacities. CEO Marc LeVier. “The selection of these the SKK process plant and surface infrastruc- The Steenkampskraal project is located respected firms is an important next step in ture portion of the study. ULS specialises in the 350 km north of Cape Town in Western Cape moving the SKK project to production.” engineering and delivery of mineral resource Province and is based on a previously operat- Venmyn Deloitte has been appointed as projects and has undertaken a significant ing thorium mine. 14 11.13
mining news Dundee on course at Tsumeb plant currently under construction, including owner’s costs, is estimat- ed at US$240 million, up from the initial estimate of US$204 million. TSX-listed Dundee Precious Metals Inc (DPM) has provided an update This increase is primarily attributable to higher than expected costs on the installation of the sulphuric acid plant at its Tsumeb smelter in associated with site preparation including demolition, earthworks ex- Namibia. cavation, foundation preparation, larger construction camp infrastruc- As part of its long term strategy to bring the Tsumeb smelter to ture and related operating costs, unanticipated expenses relating to internationally accepted environmental standards and consistent with the removal of asbestos encountered during demolition, and a stron- directives issued by the Namibian Government, DPM entered into a ger Euro. None of these issues have put the project schedule at risk lump sum turnkey (LSTK) contract with Outotec for the engineering, and it remains on track for commercial operations and acid deliveries supply, construction and commissioning of a facility to treat smelter to commence in the fourth quarter of 2014. off-gas and produce sulphuric acid. The project is progressing well with engineering 60 % complete, all long lead items purchased and the earthworks component of construc- tion complete. At this stage, the total capital cost to complete the acid No structural damage from fire at mineral sands mine Ireland’s Kenmare Resources reports that an initial assessment of the fire that occurred in October in the trommels section of Wet Concen- trator Plant A (WCP A) at its Moma mine in Mozambique confirms that there is no structural damage to either of the two trommels. Repair works are now underway and replacement parts have been ordered. The longest lead time items (mainly polyurethane trommel lin- ers and accessories) are due for delivery during the course of Novem- ber as they become available from the manufacturer. On the basis of the initial damage assessment and recovery plan and subject to scheduled delivery of the replacement parts, Kenmare anticipates that WCP A will recommence operations “towards the latter part of November”. Therefore, it is expected that there will be only limited effect on pro- duction at the Mineral Separation Plant, which is continuing to operate as normal using Heavy Mineral Concentrate (HMC) feed from the HMC stockpile and feed from Wet Concentrator Plant B. Initial findings of the investigation indicate that the fire on WCP A occurred minutes after the completion of routine welding repairs to Visualisation of the sulphuric acid plant at Tsumeb. The ground-breaking the velocity breaker chute feeding one of the two trommels. No inju- ceremony for the project took place on 5 September this year. ries were suffered as a result of the incident. 11.13 15
mining news DiamondCorp provides update on Lace mining activities which took place between 1902 and 1931. The refurbished plant will AIM-listed DiamondCorp has provided an up- quired for drilling the undercut levels of the now allow seamless transition from tailings date on the underground development and block cave. This drilling rig is scheduled for re-treatment to processing of kimberlite from tailings re-treatment activities at its Lace dia- delivery in the second half of 2014 and the underground development. mond mine near Kroonstad in the Free State. rand-euro exchange rate has been fixed. During the commissioning process, man- Underground tunnel development is cur- The new life of mine (LOM) boxcut was agement undertook a series of trials to op- rently (end of October) 11 % complete versus completed in September and development of timise the bottom size screen panels on the a scheduled 12 %, and is being achieved at the twin declines from the base of the ramp plant with the aim of maximising throughput 95 % of the budgeted cost per metre. Until has commenced. Steel sets for reinforcement and operating margins on the tailings. now, underground development has been of the portal area are now being installed. Particle size analysis of the dump material limited to two crews operating three shifts The design and detail drawings for the overlaid with diamond recoveries and sales while blasting of the temporary vent raise underground conveyor belt system are on figures from 2008-2009 tailings re-treatment which bypasses the blockage in the vertical schedule (65 % complete) and within budget. showed that approximately 50 % of the dump shaft was completed. With the completion Fabrication of the first leg of the conveyor belt material is smaller than 1,5 mm and that of this vent raise and installation of surface to be installed is 95 % complete and installa- the lower value diamonds recovered in the exhaust fans, multi blast conditions now ex- tion is about to commence. Procurement and 1,2‑1,4 mm range accounted for less than ist underground and the rate of development exchange rate protection on all long lead time 10 % of total diamonds recovered by weight can increase to more than double the current and imported items is 100 % complete. and less than 3 % of revenue. rate of 200 m per month. Drilling of the Bulge area continues from As a result of this analysis, modifications DiamondCorp says the underground min- inside the kimberlite, with 2 000 m of core were made to increase the bottom screen cut ing fleet continues to provide over 90 % avail- drilling planned to be drilled by the end of the size in the plant – which is now recovering ability, with operating costs running at 87 % year. The drilling rig is a new LM-30 drill rig 90 % of the diamonds previously recovered of budget. The mining fleet rebuild costs are purchased from Boart Longyear. Completion from less than 50 % of the front end tonnage. running at 95 % of budget, with the last of of the first holes has confirmed that the Bulge In September the plant recovered 1 264 car- the dump trucks and underground loaders area has the potential to host significant ad- ats from 22 740 tonnes run of mine (ROM) but (LHDs) required to achieve maximum under- ditional kimberlite between the 260 m and only 9 288 tonnes were delivered to the DMS. ground development rates currently being 470 m levels which is not currently in the mine This recovery represents a recovered grade assembled in the workshop and scheduled to plan. The drilling will form the basis of a re- of 5,6 cpht ROM, which is 12 % higher than be commissioned by year end. source upgrade for the Bulge area during the the original estimate. However, with between With the completion of these two 20-t first half of 2014 and thereafter a feasibility 50-60 % of the material being screened out dump trucks and two LHDs, the full devel- study on the economics of mining this area. ahead of the DMS, DiamondCorp believes opment and production fleet of five trucks, On surface, the 1,2 Mt/a dense media sep- operating costs can be reduced from R32 per five LHDs and four face drilling rigs will be in aration (DMS) plant at Lace was successfully tonne to R22 per tonne, once three shifts are place. In addition, an order has been placed re-commissioned during August with mate- operating. with Sandvik for a new longhole drilling rig re- rial from the 3 Mt of tailings remaining from The plant is on schedule to process at full capacity from one shift in November (34 000 Digby Glover appointed CEO of WorleyParsons RSA tonnes of tailings per month), with a second shift scheduled to start in December and a third shift by January. Plans are in place to Following the acquisition earlier this year of proj- increase tailings throughput to more than ect house TWP by Australian-based WorleyPar- 150 000 tonnes per month in the first half of sons, the global project delivery company has 2014 by introducing in-pit screening. If re- announced that Digby Glover, previously Chief coveries are in the order of 5 cpht, the in-pit Executive Officer of TWP Holdings, has been ap- screening has the potential to increase pro- pointed as Chief Executive Officer of WorleyPar- duction to 7 500 carats per month which will sons RSA. Glover has been employed by the TWP allow a significant proportion of the tailings group since 2001, and has held the role of Chief to be re-treated prior to the underground Operating Officer for WorleyParsons RSA for the achieving full production. past eight months. “Digby has been responsible for the transition of the TWP operations into WorleyParsons and the operations of the business generally, as well as for Chrysalis starts establishing Johannesburg as a mining execution centre for WorleyParsons globally. He is therefore drill programme well placed to lead the combined South African ASX-listed Chrysalis Resources has begun a business post integration,” says Francis McNiff, 31-hole, 2 900 m RC drilling programme on WorleyParsons’ Managing Director Operations – its Shikila project within the Domes Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. the Lufilian Belt in north-western Zambia. The To support Glover in his new role and the inte- drilling is being conducted by Capital Drilling Digby Glover, CEO of WorleyParsons RSA. gration of the Johannesburg and Pretoria opera- Limited. Over half of the drill holes in the pro- tions into a consolidated delivery centre, a number Manager for Johannesburg, responsible for the gramme are located within 15 km of the Kan- of additional changes have come into effect as of day-to-day operational management of the Johan- sanshi copper mine. 28 October. Martin Simmonite, who has been with nesburg business. He brings many years of expe- The programme aims to identify the poten- WorleyParsons for many years, with his most re- rience, having been responsible for all regional tial for economic copper mineralisation within cent position being Operations Manager for Preto- offices within TWP before the acquisition. Johan a linear, 24 km long, semi-continuous copper- ria, will take on the role of Chief Operating Officer, Swart, also with WorleyParsons RSA for the last in-soil anomaly by targeting high grade su- responsible for all the operations within the loca- two years, will take on the role of Operations Man- pergene copper mineralisation between 20 m tion. Henry Jonker has been appointed Operations ager for Pretoria. and 40 m beneath seven individual >120 ppm copper in soil anomalies. 16 11.13
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