MLA Edition Quick Reference Guide - 8TH This is a quick reference guide only - West Island School
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
This is a quick reference guide only.
For further information,
please consult
The MLA Handbook
8th Edition
and the
MLA Official Website of MLA.
8TH
Edition
Quick
Reference
Guide
West Island School
June 2020Surname 1 Table of Contents Part One: How to Set out a Document ...................................................................... 2 Part Two: How to Set out a Works Cited List ............................................................ 3 Part Three: How to Format Works Cited Entries ....................................................... 4 Author ..................................................................................................................... 5 Title of Source ......................................................................................................... 7 Title of Container ..................................................................................................... 8 Other Contributors .................................................................................................. 9 Version ................................................................................................................. 10 Number ................................................................................................................ 11 Publisher ............................................................................................................... 12 Publication Date .................................................................................................... 13 Location ................................................................................................................ 14 Part Four: Examples of In-text Citations .................................................................. 15 Citing Authors (One Source) ................................................................................. 15 Citing Titles (One Source) ..................................................................................... 16 Citing the Same Authors (Different Source) .......................................................... 17 Citing Authors or Titles (More Than One Source) ................................................. 17 Part Five: Additional Examples of Works Cited Entries and In-text Citations .......... 19 Books and Brochures ............................................................................................ 19 Articles from Journals, Magazines, Newspapers, and Websites ........................... 22 Images, Maps ...................................................................................................... 25 Film/Video Recordings, Television Programmes or Audio Recordings ................ 28 Performances, Musical Scores ............................................................................ 33 Emails, Interviews, Lectures, Slide Presentations, or Source Codes ................... 35 Other Media: Blogs, Online Forums, Tweets, or Virtual Reality ........................... 37 Part Six: How to Set up Figures, Graphs, Musical Illustrations, Photographs, or Tables ..................................................................................................................... 39 Works Cited ............................................................................................................. 42
Surname 2
MLA 8th Edition
Quick Reference Guide
Part One
How to Set out a Document
According to The MLA Style Center (“Formatting”), a research paper follows these
settings:
• Margins are to be 2.5 cm (one inch) from the top, bottom and sides. When
using Word, go to Page Layout, click on Margins and then select Normal. This
will provide the correct margins automatically.
• Double space everything, including all block quotes, citations and the Works
Cited page at the end of your document.
• Use font size 12
• Use the font type that clearly reflects italic, e.g. Arial
• No bold, underline or italics for headings or subheadings.
• Justify to the left-hand side of the page.
• Include a HEADER with your last name and page number in the upper right-
hand corner.
• Number each of the pages.
• Indent the beginning of each paragraph using one tab-space and do not leave
extra space between paragraphs.
• Centre the title and main headings and capitalise main words.
• Left-hand justify the sub-headings
• Each Appendix must be on its own page, which will also be numbered.
NOTE:
IB/Cambridge/Edexcel et al. have varying requirements
for what does and doesn’t go into a header.
Please consult your teacher about these requirements.Surname 3
Part Two
How to Set out a Works Cited List
According to The MLA Style Center (“Formatting”), a works cited list follows these
rules:
• A works cited list must have its own page
• The heading, Works Cited, must be centred
• Each individual works cited entry must be justified to the left, NOT centred
• Hanging indent for all entries longer than one line; i.e. indent the second,
third, fourth lines
• All entries are in ALPHABETICAL ORDER
• Works cited entries starting with a numeral are placed at the top of the list
• The whole list is double spaced in 12-point Arial (or a font type consistent with
the body of text)
• Works Cited
"Are We Heading towards a Water Crisis?" YouTube, uploaded by BBC News,
28 Aug. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrst59O9Q1Q.
Dauncey, Guy. The Climate Challenge: 101 solutions to Global Warming, New
Society Publishers, 2009.
Holland, Andrew. “Reinventing Tomorrow’s Climate Wars.” Scientific American,
vol. 314, no. 6, June 2016, pp. 33-35.
Kingsley, Patrick, and Jeffrey Moyo. "In Zimbabwe, the Water Taps Run Dry and
Worsen ‘a Nightmare’." The New York Times, 31 July 2019,
www.nytimes.com/2019/07/31/world/africa/zimbabwe-water-
crisis.html?searchResultPosition=10.
“What Is the World Water Crisis?” Water.org, water.org/our-impact/water-
crisis/global-water-crisis/. Accessed 5 Mar. 2020.Surname 4
Part Three
How to Format Works Cited Entries
• Include an entry for a source in the works cited list only if it is cited in the body
of text
• A works cited entry is composed of MLA8 core elements we found on the
source. They may include Authors, Titles, Containers, Publication Date, …
etc.
• There are 9 core elements; they are arranged in a specific order.
• The source type determines which core elements are included in the works
cited entry
• For example, core element “Publisher” is not recorded in the works cited entry
for journal articles, but it is quite essential in works cited entries for books.
• On the following pages, you will see examples of what the Core Elements
look like for each of the source types.
Core Elements
Interactive Practice TemplateSurname 5
Let’s go through each of these core elements
Author.
• The Author ends with a full stop.
• Begin each citation with the author’s last name comma first name full stop
For example:
Jacobs, Alan. The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of Distraction. Oxford UP, 2011.
• If a source has two authors then it is last name comma first name comma and
first name last name full stop (only the lead author’s name is last, first. The
other author is first, last)
For example:
Dorris, Michael, and Louise Erdich. The Crown of Columbus. HarperCollins Publishers, 1999.
• Three or more authors you only write the lead author’s last name on the list
first name comma et al. (which means, and others)
For example:
Burdick, Anne, et al. Digital_Humanities. MIT P, 2012.
• No author, but an editor? Last name comma first name comma editor full stop
For example:
Nunberg, Geoffrey, editor. The Future of the Book. U of California P, 1996.
• Translated book?
When a translator becomes the author …. It happens only when you treat the
translation as your focus of discussion.
Last name comma first name comma translator full stop
For example:
Sullivan, Alan, and Timothy Murphy, translators. Beowulf. Edited by Sarah Anderson,
Pearson, 2004.Surname 6
• If the corporate author (Author) is the same as the Publisher or the website
title (Container), skip the Author.
For example:
"Milestones in Hong Kong Environmental Protection: 2017." The Government of the Hong
Kong Special Administrative Region, Environmental Protection Department, 18 Dec.
2019, www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/resources_pub/history/history_hkep.html.
• Pseudonyms, including online usernames: people often upload videos on
YouTube using a pseudonym, or have twitter feeds using an online name,
then use the pseudonym or online name as you would use a regular author
name.
For example:
@persiankiwi. “We have report of large street battles in east & west Tehran Now -
#tehranelection.” Twitter, 23 June 2009, 11.05 a.m.,
twitter.com/persiankiwi/status/2298106072.Surname 7
Title of Source.
After the author, the next core element in the works cited entry is the title of the
source.
• The Title of the Source ends with a full stop.
• Write the title exactly as you find it, except that you must standardize all
capitalization
For example:
KISS of the SPIDER WOMAN would become Kiss of the Spider Woman
For example:
Piug, Manuel. Kiss of the Spider Woman. Translated by Thomas Colchie, Vintage Books,
1991.
• If the title is a title of the whole thing, e.g. a book, then the title must be in
italics.
For example:
Brown, Anthony. Willy the Wimp. HarperCollins, 1999.
For example:
Hollmichel, Stefanie. So Many Books. 2003-13, somanybooksblog.com.
• If the title is only part of a bigger thing, such as an article from a magazine, a
chapter from a book, or a web page, then this title is in inverted commas. Full
stop goes inside the quote.
For example:
Goldman, Anne. “Questions of Transport: Reading Promo Levi.” The Georgia Review, vol. 64,
no. 1, 2010, pp. 69-72.
• If there is no title, like the ones in the tweets, copy the message as it is in
inverted commas. Do not change the capitalization.
For example:
@persiankiwi. “We have report of large street battles in east & west Tehran Now -
#tehranelection.” Twitter, 23 June 2009, 11.05 a.m.,
twitter.com/persiankiwi/status/2298106072.Surname 8
Title of Container,
• “When the source being documented forms a part of a larger whole, the larger
whole can be thought of as a container that holds the source” (MLA Handbook
30).
• The Title of the Container ends with a comma and is often italicized.
• Containers can be websites, magazines, journals, books, TV series… etc.
For example:
Bazin, Patrick. “Toward metareading.” The Future of the Book, edited by Geoffrey Nunberg, U
of California P, 1996, pp. 67-90.
For example:
Alcott, Louisa May. Little Women. Alma Classics, 2016.
For example:
“Map of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.” Google Maps, 2020, www.google.com/maps.
• Containers can be an online database of journals and books. That means
there are two containers in the entry.
For example:
Mersin, Kadir, et al. “Review of CO2 Emission and Reducing Methods in Maritime
Transportation.” Thermal Science, vol. 23, Nov. 2019, p. S2073. EBSCOhost,
doi:10.2298/TSCI190722372M.
For example:
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Masque of the Red Death.” The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe,
edited by James A. Harrison, vol. 4, Thomas Y Crowell, 1902, pp. 250-58. HathiTrust
Digital Library, babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924079574368;view=1up;seq=266.Surname 9
Other Contributors,
• The Other Contributors end with a comma.
• Aside from the author, whose name appears at the start, other people may be
credited in the source as contributors.
• Contributors could come under the descriptors below:
adapted by illustrated by performance by
directed by introduction by translated by
edited by narrated by
For example:
Brown, Austin. The Order of Government in Eighteenth Century Italy. Translated by Edith
Bliss, Sydney U, 1986.
For example:
Dewey, Melville, and Susan Braggs. “Culture parks in India.” India’s Fast Growing Economy,
edited by Gordon James, U of London, 2007, pp. 16-19.
For example:
“Hush.” Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Created by Joss Whedon, performance by Sarah Michelle
Gellar, season 4, episode 10, Mutant Enemy, 1999.
• If your focus is the translation of a work, or the director of a film, treat the
translator or the director as the Author. Follow the name with a designation
such as translator, director, illustrator… etc. (Move the real author to the
position of Other Contributors.)
For example:
Pevear, Richard, and Larissa Volokhonsky, translators. Crime and Punishment. By Fyodor
Dostoevsky, David Campbell, 1993.
For example:
Lefevre, Robin, director. Heartbreak House. By George Bernard Shaw, performances by
Philip Bosco and Swoosie Kurtz, Roundabout Theatre Company, 1 Oct. 2016,
American Airlines Theatre, New York.
• In the absence of an author where the editor is known, treat the editor as
Author. The editor’s name is followed by the designation “editor”.
For example:
Kepner, Susan Fulop, editor and translator. The Lioness in Bloom: Modern Thai Fiction about
Women. U of California P, 1996.Surname 10
Version,
• The Version is followed by a comma.
• “If the source carries a notation indicating that it is a version of the work
released in more than one form”, then you need to indicate the version (MLA
Handbook 38).
For example:
The Bible. Authorized King James Version, Oxford UP, 1998.
For example:
Miller, Casey, and Kate Swift. Words and Women. Updated ed., HarperCollins Publishers,
1991.
For example:
“Buffer.java.” Apache Hadoop, commit ef9946cd52d54200c658987c1dbc3e6fce133f77,
Apache Software Foundation, 2015. GitHub, github.com/apache/hadoop/blob/
release-3.1.0-RC1/hadoop-tools/hadoop-streaming/src/main/
java/org/apache/ hadoop/record/Buffer.java.
For example:
Scott, Ridley, director. Blade Runner. 1982. Performance by Harrison Ford, director’s cut,
Warner Bros., 1992.Surname 11
Number,
• The Number ends with a comma.
• “The source you are documenting may be part of a numbered sequence”
(MLA Handbook 39).
• Some books have multiple volumes because the text is too long to fit in one
book.
• Journals and magazines are usually numbered. They often have volume
numbers too.
• Television shows are numbered in the form of seasons and episodes.
For example:
Rampersad, Arnold, The Life of Langston Hughes. 2nd ed., vol. 2, Oxford UP, 2002.
For example:
Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital Communication Media.” PMLA,
vol. 128, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193-200.
For example:
“Hush.” Buffy the Vampire Slayer, created by Joss Whedon, performance by Sarah Michelle
Gellar, season 4, episode 10, Mutant Enemy, 1999.Surname 12
Publisher,
• The Publisher ends with a comma.
• U stands for University; P stands for Press
• “The publisher is the organization primarily responsible for producing the
source or making it available to the public” (MLA Handbook 40).
For example:
Jacobs, Alan, The Pleasures of Reading in an Age of Distraction. Oxford UP, 2011.
For example:
Kuzui, Fran Rubel, director. Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Twentieth Century Fox, 1992.
For example:
Clancy, Kate. “Defensive Scholarly Writing and Science Communication.” Context and
Variation, Scientific American Blogs, 24 Apr. 2013, blogs.scientificamerican.com.
• If a website title (Title of Container) is the same as the Publisher, skip the
Publisher. For example, YouTube.Surname 13
Publication Date,
• The Publication Date ends with a comma.
• The month of the date is abbreviated except May, June, and July.
• Sometimes there is more than one date on a source. For example, an article
on a website may have a different date to that of the website itself.
• If this is the case, you must put the date that is most meaningful to the source
you are using, e.g. the date of the article, not the date of the website.
For example:
Zabarenko, Deborah. “Water Use Rising Faster than World Population.” Reuters, 25 Oct.
2011, www.reuters.com/article/us-population-water-idUSTRE79O3WO20111025.
• Sometimes books have more than one publication date. Cite the latest date.
For example:
Green, John. The Fault in our Stars. Penguin Books, 2013.
(This book has two dates. 2012 is the date the original text was published. 2013 is the date
this edition was published.)
• When there is no date found in the web sources, it is important to indicate the
Date of Access because web resources can be easily changed.
• The Date of Access becomes necessary if the source does not have a
Publication Date
• Insert the Date of Access at the end of the entry, followed by a full stop.
For example:
Batt, Jennifer. “Eighteenth Century Labouring-class Writing.” JISC,
writersinspire.org/content/eighteenth-century-labouring-class-writing. Accessed 21
Jan. 2018.Surname 14
Location.
• The Location ends with a full stop.
• A location can be the number of a page, a slide, a line, or a disc. It can also
be a time stamp, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or a Digital Object
Identifier (DOI), a geographical location such as a city.
• For URLs, drop http:// or https://
• In print sources, page numbers are specified.
• For example:
Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading.” PMLA, vol. 128, no.1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193-200.
• In online sources, location is indicated by the URL or DOI. DOI is preferred
when both URL and DOI are available.
For example:
Zabarenko, Deborah. “Water use rising faster than world population.” Reuters, 25 Oct. 2011,
www.reuters.com/article/us-population-water-idUSTRE79O3WO20111025.
• In a DVD set it is indicated by the disc number.
For example:
“Hush.” Buffy the Vampire Slayer: the Complete Fourth Season, created by Joss Whedon,
performance by Sarah Michelle Gellar, episode 10, WB Television Network, 2003, disc 3.
• With “[a] physical object that [is] experienced firsthand (not in reproduction),
such as a work of art in a museum”, gallery, or on a wall the location is the
place (MLA Handbook 49). Provide the name of the place and its city.
For example:
Banksy. “Son of a Migrant from Syria.” Dec. 2015, Jungle Migration Camp, Calais.
For example:
Michelangelo. “David.” 1501-1504, Accademia di Bella Arte Di Firenze, Florence.
• Location of a lecture
For example:
Clinton, Bill. “Foreign Policy Speech.” Clinton Lecture Series on Policy, 26 Feb. 1999, Grand
Hyatt, San Francisco.
For example:
Rossman, Jeremy, “Make School.” 22 June 2016, West Island School, Hong Kong.Surname 15
Part four
Examples of In-text Citations
Citing Authors (One Source)
Works Cited
Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The impact of Digital Communication
Media.” PMLA, vol.128, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 192-200.
Chand, Masud and Gergana Markova. "The European Union's Aging Population:
Challenges for Human Resource Management." Thunderbird International
Business Review, vol. 61, no. 3, 2019, pp. 519-529,
doi.org/10.1002/tie.22023.
Lad, Frank, et al. “Extropy: Complementary Dual of Entropy.” Statistical Science,
vol. 30, no. 1, 2015, pp. 40–58. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24780404.
Citing Single Author
Example one:
According to Naomi Baron, reading is “just half of literacy” (194).
Example two:
Reading is “just half of literacy” (Baron 194).
NOTE: The basic structure is (surname page-number). The period goes outside the in-text
citation.
The author shall appear in full name the first time it is introduced in the body of text. In the
subsequent text, use just the surname.
Citing Two Authors
Example:
The cases provided by Chand and Markova (526) help …
NOTE: There is no comma between the names.
The sequence of the authors is the same as the one in the Works Cited entry.Surname 16
Citing Three or More Authors
Example one:
Lad and others concluded that … (45).
Example two:
Lad et al. (45) concluded that …
Example three:
… completed (Lad et al. 45).
NOTE: There is no comma after the author. Option: replace “et al.” with “and others” but only in a
sentence, not in the parenthesized citation.
Citing Titles (One Source)
Works Cited
“How to Cite a Book in MLA.” YouTube, uploaded by Brooke Buford, 27 Feb.
2008, www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCOFyx0SyT0.
A Photographic Guide to Common Urban Trees of Hong Kong. 3rd revision,
Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, 2018.
Citing Titles
Example:
It is not necessary … (“How to Cite a Book in MLA” 1:30-1:35).
NOTE: Quote the title as it is quoted in the Works Cited entry. Similarly, if the title is italicized in the
Works Cited entry, italicize it in the in-text citation. In this example, use a run time of the
video to indicate the location.
Citing Exceedingly Long Titles
Example:
The slow growing urban trees in … (A Photographic Guide 57).
NOTE: To shorten the title, begin with the first word of the title to the first noun. Initializing the
whole title is also acceptable, for example, PGCUTHK.Surname 17
Citing the Same Author (Different Source)
Works Cited
Hansen, Frank. “Quantum Entropy Derived from First Principles.” Journal of
Statistical Physics, vol. 165, no. 5, 2016, p. 799-808. EBSCOhost,
doi:10.1007/s10955-016-1651-4.
---. “Trace Functions with Applications in Quantum Physics.” Journal of Statistical
Physics, vol. 154, no. 3, 2014, p. 807-818. EBSCOhost,
doi:10.1007/s10955-013-0890-x.
Citing Different Publications
Example one:
There are … (Hansen, “Trace Functions” 812).
Example two:
Hansen (“Quantum Entropy” 803) introduced …
NOTE: in these examples, citing the author alone cannot bring readers to the exact source. Add
an additional element, Title, to the in-text citation to refer to the exact source.
Citing Authors or Titles
Works Cited
“Water.” UN. 2016, www.un.org/en/globalissues/water/.
Zabarenko, Deborah. “Water use rising faster than world population.” Reuters,
25 Oct. 2011, www.reuters.com/article/us-population-water-
idUSTRE79O3WO20111025.
Citing More Than One Source
Example:
Experts have stated that water usage is a serious issue... (“Water”; Zabarenko).
NOTE: Use a semi colon to separate the sources within the brackets.Surname 18
Powerful verbs that can be used for
in-text citations to help your writing flow
achieved gained paced secured
analysed gathered participated selected
approached generated perceived sequenced
arranged grouped performed shaped
assembled guided persuaded shared
assessed planned showed
halted praised signed
benefited halved predicted simplified
broadened handled prepared sketched
honed presented solidified
categorized prevailed specified
circulated identified prevented speculated
clarified illustrated processed spoke
classified improved produced strengthened
collaborated improvised programmed structured
collected included proved succeeded
combined incorporated provided suggested
communicated increased summarized
confirmed indicated qualified supported
consolidated influenced queried synthesized
constructed informed questioned
critiqued initiated quoted tacked
innovated targeted
debated inspired raised tested
decided integrated realized taught
defined interviewed rearranged tracked
delegated investigated reasoned transformed
designed recognized
differentiated joined recommended uncovered
discovered judged reconstructed undertook
discussed justified recorded unearthed
documented reduced unified
learned referred united
earned lectured registered updated
edited led upgraded
educated limited reinforced urged
eliminated located relied used
emphasized remained utilized
empowered named reorganized
engineered navigated replaced validated
enhanced negotiated reported valued
enlisted nurtured responded verbalized
established requested verified
estimated observed researched viewed
experimented obtained retrieved visualized
explained offered volunteered
explored offset
extended organized weathered
originated weighed
facilitated outlined worked
factored overhauled wove
finalized
fine tuned yielded
focused
formalized
formulated
furtheredSurname 19
Part Five
Additional Examples of
Works Cited Entries and In-text Citations
Books and Brochures
No Author
(book form)
Works Cited List Rule of Law and Human Rights in Asia. Human Rights
Correspondence School/Asian Human Rights
Commission, 2006.
Core elements: Title of Source (= Container). Publisher, Publication date.
In-text Citation: Rule of Law and Human Rights in Asia (15) provides...
This can be shown by ... (Rule 15).
Corporate Author
(book form)
Works Cited List Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department. Sky Walk.
Cosmos Books, 2006.
Author. Title of Source (= Container). Publisher, Publication date.
Core elements:
In-text Citation: The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (58)
provides…
This can be shown by … (AFCD 58).
NOTE: when the corporate name is exceedingly long, consider shortening
the name to the first few words of the name or using the initials.
Edited Book
Works Cited List Kerr, Joanna, and Caroline Sweetman, editors. Women
Reinventing Globalisation. Oxfam, 2003.
Author. Title of Source (= Container). Publisher, Publication Date.
Core elements:
In-text Citation: Kerr and Sweetman uncover the successful… (28).
Significantly, there is one area… (Kerr and Sweetman 28).Surname 20
Translated Book
Works Cited List Pevear, Richard, and Larissa Volokhonsky, translators. Crime
and Punishment. By Fyodor Dostoevsky, David Campbell,
1993.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Container), Other Contributors, Publisher,
Publication Date.
NOTE: Refer to section “Other Contributors” for the arrangement of core
elements.
In-text Citation: Pevear and Volokhonsky (301) often ….
Dostoevsky writes, “Pain and suffering are always
inevitable . . . The really great men must, [he] think[s], have
great sadness on earth” (Pevear and Volokhonsky 301).
Translated and Edited book
Works Cited List Sullivan, Alan, and Timothy Murphy, translators. Beowulf,
edited by Sarah M. Anderson, Pearson/Longman, 2004.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Container). Other Contributors, Publisher,
Publication Date.
In-text Citation: However, “…” (Sulivan and Murphy 136).
E-book
.
Works Cited List Lahiri, Jhumpa. The Namesake. Harper Collins, 2014. Wheelers
eBook Platform,
westislandhk.wheelers.co/title/9780007383535/epub.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Container 1). Publisher, Publication Date.
Container 2, Location.
Poe, Edgar Alan. “The Masque of the Red Death.” The
Complete Works of Edgar Alan Poe, edited by James A.
Harrison, vol. 4, Thomas Y. Crowell, 1902, pp. 250-58.
HathTrust Digital Library, babel.hathtrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.
Author. Title of Source. Title of Container 1, Other Contributors, Numbers,
Publisher, Publication Date, Location. Container 2, Location.
In-text Citation: Jhumpa (75) enhanced the…
James A Harrison reinforced that Edgar Alan Poe… (Poe ix).Surname 21
Brochure/Pamphlets
Works Cited List University of Western Sydney. Transport Access Guide: Penrith
Campus. U of Western Sydney, 2009.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publisher, Publication Date.
In-text Citation: Buses run on a schedule… (University of Western Sydney).
The University of Western Sydney’s Transport Access Guide for
the Penrith campus shows us that…
Collection of essays, stories or poems with various authors
Works Cited List Adcock, Fleur, editor. The Faber Book of 20th Century
Women’s Poetry, Faber and Faber, 1987.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Container). Publisher, Publication Date.
Citing a specific Mew, Charlotte. “The Farmer’s Bride.” The Faber Book of 20th
poem, story, Century Women’s Poetry, edited by Charlotte Adcock,
essay from this Faber and Faber, 1987, p. 17.
book
Author. Title of Source. Title of Container. Other Contributors, Publisher,
Publication Date, Location.
In-text Citation: Four fables from Adcock’s collection contain… (17-22, 29-31,
35-36, 58-60).
“We caught her, fetched her home at last / And turned the key
upon her, fast” (Mew 17).
Collection of essays, stories or poems with one author
Works Cited List Silverstein, Shel. Where the Sidewalk Ends, Particular Books,
2010.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Container). Publisher, Publication Date.
Citing a specific Silverstein, Shel. “Magic.” Where the Sidewalk Ends, Particular
poem, story, Books, 2010, p 48.
essay from this
book Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publisher, Publication Date,
Location.
In-text Citation: Magic that “Eddie touched”, “Charlie found”, and “Susy spied”
can never … (Silverstein, “Magic” 48).
Silverstein (48) brings witches, a leprechaun, a mermaid, an elf
to the poem to …Surname 22
Articles from Journals, Magazines,
Newspapers, and Websites
Journal Article
(full text from an electronic database)
Works Cited List Goldberg, Tsafrir. “The Useful Past in Negotiation: Adolescents’
Use of History in Negotiation of Inter-Group Conflict.”
London Review of Education, vol. 15, no. 2, 2017, pp.
194-211. EBSCOhost, doi:10.18546/LRE.15.2.05.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container 1, Numbers, Publication Date,
Location. Container 2, Location.
In-text Citation: Goldberg (204) found that…
It is suggested that... (Goldberg 204).
Journal Article
(print version)
Works Cited List Gosling, Mark. “Aiming High: Black Power and Civil Rights.”
20th Century History Review, vol. 5, 2010, pp 20-23.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Numbers, Publication Date,
Location.
In-text Citation: Gosling was inspired … (21).
... black campaigners began to turn to… (Gosling 20).
Newspaper Article
(from a free online database)
Works Cited List Wentworth, W. “Why We Need a Permanent Base on the
Moon”. Sydney Morning Herald, 24 Jan. 1984, p. 11.
Sydney Morning Herald Archives, www.smh.com.au.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container 1, Publication Date, Location. Title
of Container 2, Location.
In-text Citation: Wentworth (11) reports that…
… demonstrates the need for a permanent base (Wentworth
11).Surname 23
Newspaper Article
(from an electronic subscription-only database)
Works Cited List Hussain, Wasbir. “Strong Earthquake Kills about 8 in India’s
Remote North East.” Associated Press News Service, 4
Jan. 2016. Newsbank,
infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/doc/nb/news/15A2A2B
7853EED10?p=AWNB.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container 1, Publication Date. Title of
Container 2, Location.
In-text Citation: Hussain reported that eight were killed and over one hundred
injured in a ….
Eight were killed and over one hundred injured in a strong
quake in North East India on Sunday (Hussain).
Newspaper Article
(print version)
Works Cited List Whaley, Floyd. “Philippines Says It Killed a Leader of a Terror
Group”. International Herald Tribune, 3 Feb. 2012, p. 1.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publication Date, Location.
In-text Citation: According to Whaley’s report, the Supreme Court… (1).
It was explained that terrorism… (Whaley 1).
Article
(from the Internet)
Works Cited List Cooper, Dani. “Native Ant May Stop Toad in Its Tracks”. ABC
Science, 31 Mar. 2009,
www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/03/31/2530686.htm
?site=science&topic=latest.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publication Date, Location.
In-text Citation: In a recent ABC Science article, Cooper stated that a ferocious
ant…
…the ants may be able to help control toad numbers (Cooper).Surname 24
Website
(in its entirety)
Works Cited List United Nations. United Nations, www.un.org/en/. Accessed 6
Mar. 2020.
Core elements: Title of Source (= Container). Publisher, Location. Date of Access.
West Island School. English Schools Foundation, 2015-2018,
wis.edu.hk.
Title of Source (= Container). Publication Date, Location.
In-text Citation: The coverage of … (United Nations).
… the navigation on the home page… (West Island School).
Part of a Website
(e.g. page, article or definition etc)
Works Cited List “Adoption of International Standards.” Census and Statistics
Department, The Government of the Hong Kong Special
Administrative Region, 29 May 2018,
www.censtatd.gov.hk/hkstat/un/standards/index.jsp.
Core elements: Title of Source. Title of Container (= corporate author), Publication Date,
Location.
“Building Knowledge Societies.” UNESCO, 2019,
en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies.
Title of Source. Title of Container (= corporate author), Publication Date,
Location.
“Globalization.” Merriam-Webster, 2020, www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/globalization.
Title of Source. Title of Container (= corporate author), Publication Date,
Location.
In-text Citation: C&SD applies international standards … (“Adoption”).
One of UNESCO’s major initiatives is … (“Building”).
Globalization can be defined as “the development of an
increasingly …” (“Globalization”).Surname 25
Images, Maps
Images
(from the Internet)
Works Cited List Light, Chis. “Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River.” 26 Aug.
2001. Wikimedia, 21 Dec. 2019,
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Canyon_of_the_
Yellowstone_River.jpg.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Date of Source produced. Title of Container,
Publication Date, Location.
NOTE: A full-stop follows after 2001, the date the source created; a comma
follows after 2019, the date published
In-text Citation: In the photograph “Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River,” it
can be seen… (Light).
Light’s picture does not …
Source: Light, Chis. “Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River.”
26 Aug. 2001. Wikimedia, 21 Dec. 2019,
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Canyon_of_the_
Yellowstone_River.jpg.
Images
(from a book)
Works Cited List Tschichold, Jan. “Die Frau Ohne Namen” (The Woman without
a Name). 1927. Offset lithograph poster. Clean New
World: Culture, Politics, and Graphic Design. MIT, 2001, p
32.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. (Translation of Source). Date of Source produced.
Media type. Title of Container, Publisher, Publication Date, Location.
NOTE: A full-stop follows after 1927, the date the source created; a comma
follows 2001, the date published.
In-text Citation: In Tschichold’s artwork, “Die Frau Ohne Namen”, it can be
seen… (32).
“Die Frau Ohne Namen” shows … (Tschichold 32).Surname 26
A work of Visual Art
(seen in person)
Works Cited List Evans, Walker. Penny Picture Display. 1936. Museum of
Modern Art, New York. Photograph.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Title of Container). Date Created. Format (optional
element), Location. Format [optional element].
Rembrandt, Harmenszoon van Rijn. Aristotle with a Bust of
Homer. 1653. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Oil
on canvas.
Author. Title of Source (= Title of Container). Date Created. Location.
Medium (optional element).
Velázquez, Diego. Isabel de Borbón. 1631-1632. Private
collection.
Author. Title of Source (= Title of Container). Dated created (optional
element). Location (Collection).
In-text Citation: Evans’ use of repeated pattern…
Formatting of the smaller photographs encourages … (Evans).
Rembrandt did not …
The queen … (Velázquez).Surname 27
Maps
(from the Internet)
Works Cited List Map of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Google Maps,
2018, maps.google.com.
Core elements: Title of Source (= a description of the area). Title of Container, Publication
Date, Location (url truncated).
Map showing location of Leaning Tower of Pisa. Google
Earth, earth.google.com/web. Accessed 13 Mar. 2020.
Title of Source (= a description in place). Title of Container, Location (url
truncated). Date of Access (core element).
Jenstad, Janelle. The Agas Map of Early Modern London. Map
of Early Modern London, U of Victoria, 9 June 2016,
mapoflondon.uvic.ca/agas.htm.
Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publisher, Publication Date,
Location.
NOTE: URLs for specific locations in digital / interactive maps may run more
than 3 full lines or unable to show detailed paths. In these cases,
consider dropping the paths (if they are too long) of the specific
URLs, as shown in the examples above.
In-text Citation: … the Leaning Tower of Pisa … (Map Showing Location).
… the way chapels distributed in London … (Jenstad).Surname 28
Film/Video Recordings, Television
Programmes or Audio Recordings
Episode from a television series
Works Cited List “Hush.” Buffy the Vampire Slayer, created by Joss Whedon,
performance by Sarah Michelle Gellar, season 4, episode
10, Mutant Enemy, 1999.
Core elements: Title of Source. Title of Container, Other Contributors, Numbers, Publisher,
Publication Date.
“Snatched.” Directed by Constantine Makris, performances by
Jerry Orbach and Chris Noth. Law and Order, created by
Dick Wolf, season 4, episode 12, Wolf Films, 12 Jan.
1994. DVD.
Title of Source (= Episode). Other Contributors, Title of Container (= Series),
Numbers, Publisher, Publication Date. Format [optional element].
“Home Again.” Directed by Glen Morgan, performances by
David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson. The X-Files,
created by Chris Carter, season 10, episode 4, Ten
Thirteen Productions, 8 Feb. 2016.
www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=Ome0qXB-4rI.
Title of Episode. Other Contributors, Title of Series, Numbers, Publisher,
Publication Date. Location.
In-text Citation: Glen Morgan received positive … (“Home Again”).
Sarah Michelle Gellar’s character Buffy identifies the enemy...
(“Hush”).
The plot … (Snatched”).
Television programmes
Works Cited List “Hush.” Buffy the Vampire Slayer, created by Joss Whedon,
performance by Sarah Michelle Gellar, season 4, episode
10, Mutant Enemy, 1999.
Core elements: Title of Source. Title of Container, Other Contributors, Numbers, Publisher,
Publication Date.
In-text Citation: The 1999 episode “Hush” showed that… (00:10:12-46).
The episode could be described as … (“Hush” 00:10:12-46).Surname 29
Film or TV show
(contribution of a particular individual)
Works Cited List Gellar, Sarah Michelle, performer. Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Mutant Enemy, 1997-2003.
Core elements: Author [performer]. Title of Source (= Title of Container). Publisher,
Publication Date.
Kuzui, Fran Rubel, director. Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
Twentieth Century Fox, 1992.
Author [director]. Title of Source (= Title of Container). Publisher, Publication
Date.
Whedon, Joss, creator. Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Mutant
Enemy. 1997-2003.
Author [creator]. Title of Source (= Title of Container). Publisher, Publication
Date.
NOTE: Author depends on your focus of discussion. If you discuss the
directors’ techniques, for example, then use director’s name in
Author.
In-text Citation: In one of the …, Geller delivered the…
Joss Whedon tried to …
… is common to the films she produced in the 1990s (Kuzui).
Film
(in its entirety)
Works Cited List It’s a Wonderful Life. By Frances Goodrich, directed by Frank
Capra, performance by James Stewart, Donna Reid, and
Lionel Barrymore, Liberty Films, 1946.
Core elements: Title of Film (= Title of Container), Other Contributors, Publisher, Publication
Date.
NOTE: If you focus on the overall contents of a film, skip the Author.
In-text Citation: It’s a Wonderful Life utilises the…
The plot … (It’s a Wonderful Life).Surname 30
YouTube video
Works Cited List “Homeless in Hong Kong part 1.” YouTube, uploaded by
goodtolove10z, 25 Nov. 2008,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mHNbzyHpQY.
Core elements: Title of Source. Title of Container, Other Contributors, Publication Date,
Location.
In-text Citation: In the YouTube clip “Homeless in Hong Kong” (1:56-2:13),
goodtolove10z showed …
Homelessness is a sign of a struggling economy …
(“Homeless” 1:56-2:13).
NOTE: A run time should be specified for videos viewed on the Internet or a
DVD.
Podcast
(from the Internet)
Works Cited List “What it’s like to become parent to your younger sibling” Hack,
ABC News, 27 Feb. 2020,
www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/what-its-like-to-
become-a-parent-to-your-younger-sibling/12005920.
Core elements: Title of Source. Title of Container, Publisher, Publication Date, Location.
NOTE: “What it’s like to become parent to your younger sibling” is title of the
episode and Hack is the title of the show.
In-text Citation: Take care of a 7-year old sibling … (“What it’s like” 00:36-
01:10).
Tracy did not realize … via a podcast from Hack (“What it’s
like” 07:42-07:52).
Sound Recording
(citing a whole CD)
.
Works Cited List Holiday, Billie. The Essence of Billie Holiday. Columbia, 1991.
Core elements: Title of Source. Title of Container, Publisher, Publication Date.
In-text Citation: This recording of Holiday’s greatest songs confirms that…
The CD could be described as… (Holiday).Surname 31
Sound Recording
(citing a particular song from an album)
Works Cited List Holiday, Billie. “God Bless this Child.” The Essence of Billie
Holiday, Rec. 9 May 1941, Columbia, 1991. CD.
Core elements: Author [performer]. Title of Song. Title of Album, Production Date, Publisher,
Publication Date. Format [optional-element].
NOTE: When citing a specific song, the title will be in inverted commas
whilst the album title is in italics.
In-text Citation: “God Bless this Child” is indicative of Holiday’s use of…
The use of the pentatonic scale … (“God Bless”).
Sound Recording
(citing a particular song from an album online)
Works Cited List Beyoncé. “Pretty Hurts.” Beyoncé, Parkwood Entertainment,
2013.
www.beyonce.com/album/beyonce/?media_view+songs.
Core elements: Author. Title of Song. Title of Album, Publisher, Publication Date, Location.
Bocelli, Andrea and Celine Dion. “The Prayer.” The Best of
Andrea Bocelli – ‘Vivere’, Universal International Music,
2007, Spotify,
open.spotify.com/album/6O4lYKMQFLDcaUrBocYSRz.
Singer. Title of Song. Title of Album (= Container 1), Production Company
(= Publisher), Production Date. Title of Container 2, Location.
In-text Citation: In her song “Pretty Hurts” Beyoncé utilises the ….
The use of the base guitar… (Beyoncé).
… makes the duet even more … (Bocelli and Dion 2:16-2:50).Surname 32
Sound Recording
(citing a stand-alone sound recording)
Works Cited List Recording of Dogs Barking. MP3 File, created 5 Feb. 2011.
Core elements: Title of Source. File Type [optional element], Production Date.
Tanner, Rumeli. “FinalAlbum_toMTAudio_forMastering.” WAV
File, created 3 Mar. 2016.
Author. Title of Source. File Type [optional element], Production Date.
NOTE: Invert quote the title of the recording. Describe the work or use the
file name IF no title can be identified.
In-text Citation: Recording of Dogs Barking amplified the effect of …
The last piece of music composed… (Tanner).Surname 33
Performances, Musical Scores
Play, Opera, Dance or Concert Performance
(in its entirety)
Works Cited List Heartbreak House. By George Bernard Shaw, directed by
Robin Lefevre, performances by Philip Bosco and
Swoosie Kurtz, Roundabout Theatre Company, 1 Oct.
2006, American Airlines Theatre, New York.
Core elements: Title of Source (=Title of Container). Other Contributors, Production
Company (= Publisher), Date of Performance (= Publication Date).
Location (of the performance).
NOTE: For discussions focusing on the overall performance, skip the Author
and start with the Title.
In-text Citation: In the closing scene of Heartbreak House, …
Play, Opera, Dance or Concert Performance
(contribution of particular individual),
Works Cited List Astley, Rick. Concert. 6 Oct. 2016, Town Hall, New York City.
Core elements: Author [performer]. Nature of source. Date of Performance (= Publication
Date), Location (where it is performed).
Culkin, Kieran, performer. Suburbia. 16 Sept. 2006, Second
Stage Theatre, New York.
Author [performer]. Title of Source (=Title of Container). Date of
Performance, Production Company (= Publisher), Location (of the
performance).
Lefevre, Robin, director. Heartbreak House. By George
Bernard Shaw, performances by Philip Bosco and
Swoosie Kurtz, Roundabout Theatre Company, 1 Oct.
2006, American Airlines Theatre, New York.
Author. Title of Source (=Title of Container). Other Contributors, Production
Company (= Publisher), Date of Performance (= Publication Date).
Location (of the performance).
In-text Citation: The crescendo … (Astley).
Culkin’s performance in Act One of Suburbia…
… comparing to the 2018 performance directed by David
Staller (Lefevre).Surname 34
Musical Scores
Works Cited List Beethoven, Ludwig von. Drei Gesänge von Goethe, op. 83, no.
1, Edition Peters, 1810.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Title of Container). Number, Publisher, Publication
Date.
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. The Marriage of Figaro (Le Nozze
di Figaro). Dover Publications, 1979.
Author. Title of Source (= Title of Container). Publisher, Publication Date.
Volante, Ilio. “Malverida: Composed for the IX Symphony
Composition Contest for Bands.” Freescores, Alicante,
2011, www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-
music.php?pdf=33912.
Author. Title of Source. Title of Container. Publisher, Publication Date,
Location.
In-text Citation: Volante’s use of …
The composer’s use of … (Volante).
Mozart supplies a gently rocking melody … reconciliation
(measures 275-93).
Mozart supplies a gently rocking melody … reconciliation (mm.
275-93) but sets the Count’s public repentance … more grandly
(mm. 420-30).Surname 35
Emails, Interviews, Lectures,
Slide Presentations, or Source Codes
Emails
Works Cited List Playford, Marcus. “Re: Chair Design.” Received by Sam Taylor,
26 Jan. 2020.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Email Subject). Other Contributors (=Email
Recipients), Publication Date.
In-text Citation: In his email titled Chair Design, Playford explained how…
“Designers are forever….” (Playford).
Interviews
(conducted by you or others)
Works Cited List Jolie, Angelina. Telephone Interview, 13 Aug. 2016.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Title of Container). Publication Date (= the date
the interview conducted).
Pitt, Brad. Interview. By John Smith. 19 and 22 July 2015.
Author (= Interviewee). Title of Source (= Title of Container). Other
Contributors (= Interviewer), Publication Date (= the dates the
interview conducted).
NOTE: Skip the Other Contributors if you are the one who conducted the
interview.
In-text Citation: Jolie discussed the ….
During the interview, Brad described … (Pitt).
Lectures
(Teachers, visiting guests…)
Works Cited List Aral, Sinan. “How we can protect truth in the age of
misinformation.” TED, Nov. 2018,
www.ted.com/talks/sinan_aral_how_we_can_protect_truth
_in_the_age_of_misinformation/up-next.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publication Date, Location.Surname 36
Colfer, Eoin. “The Writer’s Craft.” Hong Kong Literary Festival,
2 Mar. 2012, Hong Kong Public Library, Hong Kong.
Address.
Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publication Date, Location.
Medium (optional element).
NOTE: This is one of the rare occasions that the medium of a source,
“Address” in this case, is specified.
In-text Citation: … illustrates why we cannot treat everything we saw as the
truth (Aral 9:14 – 10:00).
In his lecture on the craft of writing, Colfer explained how…
Slide Presentations
Works Cited List Shah, Alicja and Heather Price. "Exploring digital well-being."
LinkedIn Learning, uploaded by Alicja Shah, 24 Oct. 2019,
www.slideshare.net/JISC/exploring-digital-wellbeing. Slide
16.
Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Other Contributors, Publication
Core elements:
Date, Location.
In-text Citation: The emotional and social wellbeing … (Shah 16).
Shah agrees that wellbeing … (slide 16).
Source Codes
Works Cited List “Buffer.java.” Apache Hadoop,
commit ef9946cd52d54200c658987c1dbc3e6fce133f77,
Apache Software Foundation,
2015. GitHub, github.com/apache/hadoop/blob/
release-3.1.0-RC1/hadoop-tools/hadoop-
streaming/src/main/
java/org/apache/ hadoop/record/Buffer.java.
Core elements: Title of Source. Title of Container, Version, Publisher, Date. Title of
Container 2, Location.
NOTE: In this example, the publisher is also the author.
In-text Citation: … (“Buffer.java” line 141).
NOTE: Provide line numbers for a block of code or a method when they are
available.Surname 37
Other Media: Blogs, Online Forums,
Tweets, or Virtual Reality
Blogs
Works Cited List Kaufman, Scott Barry. "When Does Intelligence Peak? Maybe
that's not even the right question." Beautiful Minds,
Scientific American Blogs, 28 Feb. 2019,
blogs.scientificamerican.com/beautiful-minds/when-does-
intelligence-peak/.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publisher, Publication Date (=
Posting date), Location.
Morris, Sylvia. “Shakespeare and the moon.” The Shakespeare
Blog, 23 July 2019,
theshakespeareblog.com/2019/07/shakespeare-and-the-
moon/.
Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publication Date, Location.
In-text Citation: The difference between “fluid” intelligence and … (Kaufman).
Morris questioned … (Morrris).
Online Forums
Works Cited List Patel, Marte. “Trouble Installing Editoria.” Editoria
Development Web Forum, 12 June 2017. Google
Groups,
groups.google.com/a/ucpress.edu/forum/#!forum/
editoria-development.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Title of the thread). Title of Container (= Name of
the forum), Publication Date (= Date of the post), Location. Container
2 (= Website that host the forum, if any), Location (= URL of Container
2).
rhahgleuhargh. “Re: Onepiece XP Post-SP3 AIO Update Pack
Final.” IRyanVM.net Discussion Board, 16 Feb. 2019,
ryanvm.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=25&t=6438&start=3550.
Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publication Date, Location.
In-text Citation: … because there is no ... (rhahgleuhargh).
For a few times, Patel agreed ….Surname 38
Tweets
Works Cited List @ArtGalleryofNSW. ”Fun Fact: Emperor Wenzong’s decreed
sleeve limit was 2.65 m” Twitter, 16 June 2016,
twitter.com/ArtGalleryofNSW/status/743662723423100928
Core elements: Author. Title of Source. Title of Container, Publication Date, Location.
NOTE: Reproduce untitled message within inverted quotations without
changes; do not alter the first-letter capitalization.
In-text Citation: The Art Gallery of NSW introduced ... (@ArtGalleryofNSW).
The sleeve length limit was 2.65 m (@ArtGalleryofNSW).
Virtual Reality
Works Cited List American Museum of Natural History. Google
Expeditions app, Google. Accessed 22 Feb. 2018.
Core elements: Author. Title of Source (= Title of experience). Title of Container (= The
app.), Publisher, Publication Date, Location. Date of Access (if there is
no date for the publication).
Map showing location of Pyramid of Khufu. Google
Earth, earth.google.com/web. Accessed 4 June 2020.
Title of Source (= a description). Title of Container, Location (URL is
truncated). Date of Access (core element).
The NASA SLS Virtual Tour. Oculus, ver. 1.5, National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, 14 Mar. 2018,
www.oculus.com/experiences/rift/1896020410412423/.
Title of Source. Title of Container, Version (if any), Publisher (is also the
author), Publication Date (= release date), Location.
NOTE: Don’t need to quote or italicize the name of the virtual experience. If
you are citing contents from a pop-up in the virtual experience, treat
the title from the pop-up as Title of Source. Take it as the first core
element of the works cited entry where the Author is absent.
In-text Citation: Among the pyramids in Egypt, ... (Map showing location).
The NASA SLS Virtual Tour illustrates …Surname 39
Part Six
How to Set up Figures, Graphs,
Musical Illustrations, Photographs, or Tables
IMPORTANT:
• Centre the image on your page.
• Place the table, figure or excerpt as close as possible to the parts of the text
to which they relate.
• BUT…do not wrap the text around the image.
• Label each appropriately, for example Table 1, Fig. 1, Ex. 1….
• Place the whole works cited entry below the image as per the examples
below. Don’t need to repeat this works cited entry in the Works Cited list
ONLY IF you do not cite this source again anywhere in the body of text.
• Place any notes directly below the citation
• To delineate the notes from the citation, you may use a line between if you
wish.
A citation, label or caption should appear directly below the
example, within the body of your text, and have the same
one-inch margins as the rest of the text.Surname 40
FIGURES: Label the visual materials as figures if they are “a photograph, map, line
drawing, graph, or chart” (“Formatting”). Number it and then provide a caption.
Example One: Graphs
Fig. 1: Hong Kong’s annual quantity of water supply 2013-2014
Source: “Annual Quantity of Water Supply.” Annual report 2013/14. Water Supplies
Department, 4 June 2015,
www.wsd.gov.hk/filemanager/common/annual_report/2013_14/en/wsm.html
Note: We benefit greatly from the strong and amicable partnership nurtured between
Hong Kong and Guangdong water officials.
Example Two: Photographs
Fig. 2: Sandzen, Birger. Breakers. 1917. Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery, Kansas.
Lithograph.You can also read
