MicroLED Displays: Hype and Reality, Hopes and Challenges - From Technologies to Market - ON24
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From Technologies to Market
MicroLED
Displays:
Hype and Reality,
Hopes and
Challenges.
Webcast – March 29th 2017
Picture: Sony © 2017
Yole Développement
From Technologies to Market
2
FIELDS OF EXPERTISE
Imaging MEMS & Sensors
Photonics RF (Devices & Technologies)
Displays MedTech
Our 30+ Solid State Lighting
analysts Manufacturing
(LED, OLED…)
operate in
the following Compound Semi. Advanced Packaging
areas.
Power Electronics Advanced Substrates
Batteries / Energy Management
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 3
4 BUSINESS MODELS
o Consulting and Analysis o Financial services
• Market data & research, marketing analysis • M&A (buying and selling)
• Technology analysis • Due diligence
• Strategy consulting • Fundraising
• Reverse engineering & costing • Maturation of companies
• Patent analysis • IP portfolio management & optimization
www.yole.fr www.yolefinance.com
www.bmorpho.com
o Reports o Media
• Market & technology reports • i-Micronews.com website
• Patent Investigation and patent infringement risk analysis • @Micronews e-newsletter
• Teardowns & reverse costing analysis • Communication & webcast services
• Cost simulation tool • Events
www.i-Micronews.com/reports www.i-Micronews.com
4
A GROUP OF COMPANIES
M&A operations
Due diligences
www.yolefinance.com
Innovation & Business maker
www.bmorpho.com
Manufacturing costs analysis
Market, technology Teardown and reverse engineering
and strategy Cost simulation tools
www.systemplus.fr
consulting
www.yole.fr IP analysis
Patent assessment
www.knowmade.fr
Test & Measurement
Expertise
Research & Innovation
www.piseo.fr
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 5
DISPLAY ACTIVITIES: RECENT REPORTS
Available:
Off the shelf
reports and Upcoming:
custom
analysis.
Visit: www.i-micronews.com
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 6
DISPLAY ACTIVITIES: COST MODELING,TEAR DOWN ANALYSIS AND REVERSE COSTING
Cost
Simulation
Tools
Find more information here
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 7
What Are MicroLED
Displays?
8
LCD VS EMISSIVE DISPLAYS
LCD
Light is generated by an LED
LCD backlight and goes through a
(transistor matrix)
matrix of liquid crystal “light
switches” and colour filters
constituting the individual
subpixel.
Encapsulation Emissive
Each sub-pixel is a tiny light
Emissive emitter which brightness can
(e.g: OLED) be individually controlled
Illustrations: Ignis Technology
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 9
WHAT IS A MicroLED DISPLAY?
Self emitting displays (just like OLED) that use individual, small LED chips as the emitters.
Sorting and Pick and place + hybridization/connection to the transistor matrix that
Red, Green, Blue LED Chip singulation
controls individual pixels
Epiwafers
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 10POTENTIAL MICROLED BENEFITS
• Low power consumption. Large video
displays
• Perfect black + high brightness =
High Dynamic Range (contrast). Smartwatches
and wearables Sony
TV
• Wide color gamut.
LG
• Long lifetime, environmental stability. Virtual reality
Apple
Smartphones
• High Resolution/Pixel density.
• Fast refresh rates. Oculus
Samsung
Laptops and
• Wide viewing angles. Augmented/Mixed
Reality
MicroLED TV prototype (Sony, CES 2012) convertibles
• Curved/flexible backplanes. HP
Microsoft Automotive Tablets
• Integration of sensors within the HUD
display front-plane.
BMW Acer
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 11SO,THIS IS IT?
Do we have
the best
display
technology
ever?
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 12Challenges
13LEDS IN DISPLAYS
Packaged LED
Illustration: www.absen.com
• LEDs are commonly used in large direct emissive video billboards (stadium, advertising…)
• Discrete packaged LED containing red, green and blue chips to form the individual pixels
• Pitch: 1 to 40 mm depending on display size and resolution.
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 14MICROLED DISPLAY PITCH
Evolution of Sub-pixel pitch with increasing PPI
4K 55” TV
Samsung
Pick and place Monolithic array hybridization ?
µLED array
(µ)m
Si-CMOS Backplane
Hybridization
µLED epiwafer Backplane
TFT backplane (LTPS, IGZO) µLED epiwafer
Smart
Watch
Smart
phone
Consumer VR
Apple
AR/MR
Microdisplays
Oppo
HTC
Oculus
eMagin
Pixel Density - PPI
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 15MICROLED DISPLAY ASSEMBLY
4K Display (TV, smartphone…): 24.9 million µLED chips
• Traditional pick and place equipment
~ 1000 hours 41 days…
• Small chip handling (MASSIVELY PARALLEL PICK AND PLACE
Concept Challenges
Transfer array Die Stabilization and
Selectivity
release
Pick Up Place
Display Backplane
Donor Wafer
• 1000’s to 100,000’s chips per cycle.
• Electrostatic, magnetic, electromagnetic, adhesive… MEMS or passive.
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 17MICROLED EFFICIENCY
70% Peak 50% to deliver on power consumption promises:
Chip architecture + Manufacturing processes
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 18DEFECT MANAGEMENT
µLED Yield Transfer Yield
Die not properly
Epitaxy + chip picked or placed, or Combined
manufacturing:
X
faulty connection to = Defect Rate
dead or dim µLED the TFT: (in ppm)
pixel. missing, dead, or
“always-on” pixels.
99.9% 99.9% 20 ppm
99.99% 99.99% 2 ppm
99.999% 99.999% 0.2 ppm
Most high-end displays are guarantied zero defects
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 19PIXEL REPAIR OR PIXEL REDUNDANCY?
The choice for the best defect management strategy is application dependent:
Smartwatch 2K Smartphone 4K TV
Pixel density 325 PPI 577 PPI 80 PPI
Total # of emitters 0.365 Million 11.1 Million 24.9 Million
# of transfer cycles to
2,135
populate the full display
2 18 (High # of pixels + low
without redundancy with a
PPI)
2 x 2 cm2 stamp
# of additional repair cycles
37 1106 2488
assuming 100 ppm defect
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 20MICROLED DISPLAY MANUFACTURING CHALLENGES
While very promising in terms of performance, there are still multiple manufacturing challenges
that need to be addressed to enable cost effective, high volume manufacturing of µLED Displays.
Color
Conversion
Light
Backplane
extraction and
hybridization
beam shaping
Massively
Parallel and Defect
High Accuracy Management
Pick and Place & Testing
Technologies
LED
Technology
LED Supply Chain
(epitaxy, chips) µDisplays
Multiple challenges need to be tackled to enable the µLED display opportunity
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 21SUPPLY CHAIN
Large scale µLED displays manufacturing?
Bringing together disparate technologies and industries.
LED Makers Display Makers
Cultural and technology • TFT backplanes + LCD/OLED
• LED epitaxy.
chasm frontplanes
• Small diameter wafers 4” to 6”
• Large substrates (1 to 10 m2)
• Cleanroom class 10,000 at
• Clean room class 100 -1000
best
• Semi-finished products (panels)
• Produce components / chips
• Typical fab CapEx for large
• Fab CapExEXAMPLE OF POSSIBLE SUPPLY CHAIN
OEM: Supply chain management (e.g.: Apple)
Joint Venture or supply agreement
LED
Foundries Display Maker
Makers
TFT Backplane
Assembly
(Massively Parallel P&P)
Or OSAT? Display panel
uLED Chips
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 23Competitive Landscape
24WHO’S WORKING ON IT: IP LANDSCAPE
Phase I
Keywords and term-set definition
Search equations / Search strategy
Phase II
Manual screening of the results
Refine search using
IPC classes and
citations analysis
Final search Patent classification
equation has
more than 100 Patent
Relevant Non relevant
Segmentation
terms and
booleans
Phase III
Patent
Analysis
Segmentation improved
during patent analysis
Landscape In-depth analysis of Ranking of key
Overview Key Technology Segments players, analysis of
and Key Players key patents…
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 25MICROLED PLAYERS
Increasing activity from all types of companies: display makers, LED makers, semiconductor companies, start ups…
Patent activity in the field of MicroLED
300 1,570+ patents (500+ patent families*), including 680+ granted patents and 690+ pending patent applications
Patents
250 Patent families
Granted patents Note: Due to the
delay between the
Number of applications
CREE Kansas State University filing of patents and
200 US6410940 (granted) The second wave of patent filings the publications by
US6410942 (granted)
GaN microdisk LED with combined to an increase of patent patent offices,
Arrays of interconnected LEDs
extensions worldwide is an
with individual sizes of less 12µmdiameter and Extension of usually 18 months,
50µmpitch indication of the technology
than 30 µm. The purpose of priority patents the data
maturity
150 the invention was to improve corresponding to
light extraction per unit the year 2015 and
surface 2016 may not be
105
complete since
CAGR
100 First wave 48% 2009-2014
most patents filed
of patent extensions 87 during these years
are not published
64 yet.
56
Extension of
50 37
Innovation priority patents 32
31
triggers
14 13 11 15
8 8 6 6 10
3
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Year of application
* A patent family is a set of patents filed in multiple countries by a
common inventor(s) to protect a single invention. ©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 26Applications
27FIRST EXPOSURE
Sony “Crystal LED TV” at CES 2012
• 55”
• 1920 x 1080 resolution
• 6.2m individually addressable
chips
• Never seen again…
Sony 55” Crystal LED prototype (presented at the 2012 CES)
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 28FIRST COMMERCIAL PRODUCT
Sony small pitch video display – InfoComm 2016
• 403 x 453 mm modules of 320
x 360 x RGB resolution
• 1.26 mm pitch.
• 1,000 Cd/m2 brightness
• Pixel size (estimate): 30 x 30 µm
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 29HOW DO WE FORECAST?
• Performance, features
• Technology requirements
• Cost requirements
• Incumbent technologies
For each application: SWOT analysis applications
roadmap adoptions rates forecast
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 30SMARTWATCHES: THE LOW HANGING FRUIT?
Cost
Small amount of pixels +
high PPI = low cost
Technology
Getting there
Performance
Differentiating improvement
in power consumption.
Supply Chain
Doug Marshall
~low volumes / low capex
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 31AUGMENTED / MIXED REALITY: A POTENTIAL KILLER APP
Performance
Only technology that could deliver the
high brightness required for outdoor
applications.
Technology
CMOS integration / hybridization
Color conversions issues
Cost
NeedWHAT’S HAPPENING IN THE SHORT TERM?
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Set up supply chain.
Finalize technology Manufacturing of Test and First high volume More high volume
development dedicated ramp up consumer products consumer products ?
equipment
Remaining technical and manufacturing Niche product only (where µLED
challenges prove to difficult to overcome. performance are highly differentiating)
µLED remain too expensive & difficult to manufacture
for high volume consumer applications, and or
Crash and burn: no µLEDs displays?
incumbent technology keep improving too fast
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 33CONCLUSIONS
Large video
• MicroLED is inherently more displays
complex than OLED and LCD.
Smartwatches TV
and wearables
• MicroLED won’t completely Sony
displace OLED and LCD. LG
Apple
Smartphones
• MicroLED could end up dominating Virtual reality
a few niches: wearable,AR/MR/HUD
Samsung
• MicroLED could compete with Oculus
Laptops and
OLED on the very high end of the Augmented/Mixed
Reality
MicroLED TV prototype (Sony, CES 2012) convertibles
market in various other
HP
applications… Microsoft Automotive
HUD
Tablets
• …or not. Acer
BMW
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 34Thanks!
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 35CONTACT US
For general inquiries please contact Camille Veyrier – veyrier@yole.fr
• Eric Virey – virey@yole.fr
Senior Analyst - Solid State Lighting and Displays | Yole Développement
To stay updated on the latest news and
reports of your semiconductor industries
and markets, visit www.i-micronews.com
©2017 | www.yole.fr | MicroLED Displays Webcast 36You can also read
