Media Guide Paralympics Australia - Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games
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Paralympics Australia
Media Guide
Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games
24 AUGUST – 5 SEPTEMBER 2021
Media Contacts Contents
PARALYMPICS AUSTRALIA - SYDNEY, NSW WELCOME
STAFF 02 Message from the President
Alice Wheeler - Media and Content Coordinator 03 Message from the Chef de Mission
P:+61 418 961 184 05 About Paralympics Australia
E: alice.wheeler@paralympic.org.au
PA MEDIA SERVICES
Jacqueline Chartres - Media and Content Coordinator
08 Support for Australian media
P:+61 402 338 719
E: jacqueline.chartres@paralympic.org.au 12 PA Media team
16 Media etiquette
PARALYMPICS AUSTRALIA – MELBOURNE, VIC
Lucy Hunt - Media and Content Coordinator ABOUT THE GAMES
P:+61 401 338 660 19 What is Paralympic sport?
E: lucy.hunt@paralympic.org.au 22 History of the Paralympic Games
GENERAL MEDIA ENQUIRES TOKYO 2020 PARALYMPIC TEAM
P: +61 2 9704 0506 34 Fast facts
E: media@paralympic.org.au 36 Australia at the Paralympic Games
40 Team Executive
TEAM HEADQUARTERS – TOKYO, JAPAN
Tim Mannion ATHLETES AND STAFF BY SPORT
General Manager, Communications 44 Para-archery
P: +817015957089 48 Para-athletics
E: tim.mannion@paralympic.org.au 61 Para-badminton
A complete contact list is available on page 12. 64 Boccia
67 Para-canoe
WEB RESOURCES
71 Para-cycling
Paralympics Australia:
78 Para-equestrian
www.paralympic.org.au
82 Goalball
International Paralympic Committee (IPC): 85 Para-judo
www.paralympic.org 87 Para-rowing
Organising Committee (TOCOG): 91 Para-shooting
www.tokyo2020.org 94 Para-swimming
106 Para-table tennis
SOCIAL MEDIA
111 Para-taekwondo
@ausparalympics 113 Para-triathlon
@ausparalympics 117 Wheelchair basketball
124 Wheelchair rugby
@ausparalympics 129 Wheelchair tennis
@ausparalympics
APPENDICES
@ausparateam 134 Competition schedule
138 Sponsor family
Cover: 18 sports on the 2020 Australian Paralympic Team
This page: Tokyo, Japan
2 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 3
Message from the President Message from the Chef de Mission
The lead-up to these Games home, these Games present of preparation into podium as well as the all-important
has been unlike any other. our best opportunity yet to success. What this means for competition schedule.
While the decision to postpone introduce all of Australia to Australia’s athletes – including
Further, I encourage you to
was not easy, it was one that our athletes and welcome as those who arrive in Tokyo
regularly check the Games
our Team took in its stride. many as possible to the official as defending Paralympic
portal on the Paralympics
In the 12 months they would cheer squad of the Australian medallists, reigning world
Australia website (paralympic.
not otherwise have had, Paralympic Team, AUS Squad. champions and world record
org.au/tokyo2020) – your
our athletes have stayed holders - is that, while the
one-stop shop for all the latest
committed, focused and As those who have already competition has never been
news, results, images and
adaptable. covered a Paralympic Games fiercer, they are in the shape of
vision.
can attest, there are few their lives.
As always, Paralympics
athletes more deserving of your Ultimately, we want all
Australia values the incredible Also primed to make their
coverage than ours. I challenge Australians to know the stories
support of the Australian mark are our 84 Paralympic
you to tell as many stories as of our country’s best athletes
media; our Paralympians debutants, including in the
possible, remembering that and we will be working around
rely on you to tell their stories new Paralympic sports of
having a disability is only a the clock to help you tell them.
With the Paralympic Games set and our country’s sports fans The 2020 Paralympic Games, badminton (two athletes)
part of who our athletes are, If you do not find what you
to return to Tokyo, Japan, for are better for it. We saw this more than any other, has and taekwondo (one athlete).
not all of who they are. I look need in this Media Guide or on
the first time in nearly 60 years, in 2016 and again in 2018 been a long time coming. Our Incredibly, some of these
forward to reading, watching the PA website, please contact
I am confident we will all be when the Gold Coast hosted athletes have dedicated the athletes only emerged as
and listening to what you come Tim and his team.
sharing a very special moment the most disability-inclusive last five years of their lives contenders in the past 12
up with.
in Paralympic history. Commonwealth Games ever. to protecting their dreams months. Were it not for the It simply will not be possible
of success in Tokyo and postponement, it would have for me to attend every session
The Tokyo 2020 Paralympic With Seven West Media - now JOCK O’CALLAGHAN
Paralympics Australia has been Paris, not Tokyo, in their of every sport every day, so I
Games are expected to be the a world leader in Paralympic President
spent thousands of hours sights. will be relying on you to help
largest and most competitive sport broadcasting - reprising Paralympics Australia
adapting its plans for the keep me updated. I can’t wait
yet, contested against the its role as rightsholder and Helping you to tell their stories
delivery of the Australian to watch, read and listen to
iconic backdrop of one of the with what we hope to be the is a highly experienced media
Paralympic Team to the your great work covering the
busiest cities in the world. After unprecedented support of team led by Tim Mannion,
Games. Games.
many years of training, the reporters in Tokyo and at Paralympics Australia’s General
179 athletes of the Australian Paralympic athletes from Manager of Communications.
KATE MCLOUGHLIN
Paralympic Team will be aiming all over the world have been Within this Media Guide,
Chef de Mission
to push their limits to reach the counting down to these Games you will find comprehensive
2020 Australian Paralympic Team
pinnacle of their sports, the for what feels like a lifetime information about the services
Paralympic podium. and most feel an incredible available to you during the
sense of responsibility – and Games, athlete and sport
opportunity – to convert profiles, a brief history of
those 12 additional months Paralympic sport in Australia,
4 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 5
Paralympics Australia Ltd Member organisations About Paralympics Australia At the heart of what we do is our athletes,
Archery Australia who strive to compete at an elite level and
PO Box 596 Paralympics Australia is the nation’s peak
uphold the ideals of the Paralympic Movement:
Sydney Markets Athletics Australia sporting organisation for athletes with physical,
determination, equality, inspiration and courage.
NSW 2129 Australian Para Ice Hockey Association vision and intellectual impairments.
Australian Sailing Of the 159 nations represented at the Rio 2016
Building A
Australian Taekwondo Our Purpose Paralympics, Australia placed fifth on the medal
1 Herb Elliott Avenue
Badminton Australia To advance the Paralympic Movement and Para- tally with 22 gold, 30 silver and 29 bronze medals.
Sydney Olympic Park, NSW 2127
Basketball Australia sport in Australia and be a catalyst for a more Australia placed fifth also at London 2012, Beijing
P: +61 2 9704 0500 Blind Sport Australia inclusive society. 2008, Athens 2004, and first at Sydney 2000.
E: info@paralympic.org.au Boccia Australia
Our Values • Paralympic Innovation
Cycling Australia
Board A major driver of Australia’s consistent
Disabled Wintersport Australia Para-sports, Para-athletes and Paralympians
Paralympic success in the 21st century has been
President Jock O’Callaghan Disability Sport Australia are at the centre of everything we do. Together,
cutting-edge innovation. Our team of sport
Directors Tim Carmody Equestrian Australia we are TENACIOUS, PROUD, LIMITLESS.
scientists and applied researchers works across
Rebecca Frizelle Football Federation Australia
Our Priorities a range of key areas, including skill acquisition,
Paddle Australia
Lachlan Harris coach and athlete development, performance
Rowing Australia - To identify, deliver and manage Australian
John Hartigan analysis, biomechanics and sports engineering.
Shooting Australia Teams for Paralympic Summer and Winter
Rosie King Games and other international sporting
Snow Australia Our Paralympic Innovation team has specialist
Grant Mizens Sport Inclusion Australia competitions; knowledge of Para-sport. The team works closely
Helen Nott Swimming Australia - To initiate, implement and support programs with athletes and their coaches to co-design
Annabelle Williams Table Tennis Australia to increase awareness of, access to and world-leading learning environments that:
Tennis Australia participation in Paralympic sports; - Provide context-specific and bespoke solutions
Triathlon Australia - To promote inclusion and equality for people to coach and athlete challenges;
with a disability within sport and more broadly. - Empower athletes to take ownership of their
skill development;
We work with our national sporting organisation
partners to help identify potential Paralympians - Simulate competition contexts and prepare
and assist athletes to prepare for competition athletes for the expected and unexpected;
by providing funding for and access to coaching, - Support behaviour change;
equipment, medical support and travel in the - Allow for sharing and education for sustainable
lead up to the Summer and Winter Paralympic success.
Games.
Our Paralympic Innovation team has targeted
Our partnerships with governments, business, and strong partnerships with the National
national sporting organisations and disability Institute Network, key research institutes and
groups are critical to delivering successful world-leading specialists in skill acquisition,
Paralympic Teams to the Games. coaching pedagogy, athlete development, sports
We believe participation in sport provides engineering and other targeted disciplines.
positive social and physical benefits to people • Driving Social Change
with disabilities and plays an important role in
We believe the Paralympic brand has the
changing community perceptions of people
power to transform lives and societies. We seek
with disabilities.
to empower governments, businesses and
Paralympics Australia CEO Lynne Anderson, Australian Paralympic Team co-captain
Ryley Batt, Australian Chef de Mission Kate McLoughlin and Australian Paralympic
Team co-captain Danni Di Toro
6 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 7
as a pathway into Para-sport for people with - Through the Australian Paralympic History
a disability. To date, funding grants have been Project, we oversee the capture, management
provided to more than 50 individuals and 180 and preservation of the remarkable history of
Para-sport programs at all levels, totalling more the Paralympic movement in Australia in a way
than $850,000. that is relevant, accessible and establishes the
- Our Paralympic Speakers Program involves movement within its broader social context.
Para-athletes visiting businesses, schools, In 2019, we launched the online history of the
hospitals and community groups to talk about Paralympic movement in Australia,
diversity, inspiration, leadership, inclusion, Paralympic Stories.
workplace safety, motivation and success, as • Classification
well as their personal stories. Para-athletes have
Classification is at the centre of Para-sport,
delivered dozens of speaking engagements
determining which athletes are eligible to
nationally since its inception in 2013.
compete and the structure for how athletes are
- Our Paralympic Education Program provides grouped together for Para-sport competition.
free and flexible curriculum-linked resources We are responsible for implementing the IPC
that teach students about resilience and Athlete Classification Code, which details the
inclusion. The program involves Para- classification policies and procedures that are
athletes visiting schools to give presentations, common across Paralympic sports. We work with
demonstrations and answer questions, as our national federations to embed classification
well as share their personal stories. In 2020, in sport by creating opportunities for athletes
online resources reached 50,000 teachers and to access accurate and quality classification at
students, while Paralympians delivered virtual the relevant point in their sporting pathway. We
school events nationally to more than 700 actively promote ethical classification practice,
children. An expert classroom series featuring ensuring that our athletes and people are
Paralympians also reached the wider school protected and Para-sports integrity is upheld.
network: www.education.paralympic.org.au
Whether at the elite level or lower, we believe
Curtis McGrath - Our Indigenous People With Disabilities And
participation in sport provides positive physical
Sport web section provides information and
and social outcomes for people with a disability.
communities to commit to policy and strategies - Conduct programs that educate diverse resources to help chronic disease prevention
It also complements our broader advocacy for
that drive change towards a genuinely inclusive audiences; and promote health and physical activity
diversity and inclusion across society. Working
society. - Run programs that minimise obstacles to awareness and opportunities for First Nations
alongside us in these pursuits are governments,
participation in sport; people with a disability.
Central to this objective is changing the narrative sporting partners, disability groups, sponsors,
around disability and highlighting the benefits - Create purpose-built content that is engaging, - Our Communications division is a vital driver supporters – and you, the media.
and opportunities that come from diversity and informative and accessible. of the growth in awareness of Paralympic sport
inclusion. in Australia. The 2016 Paralympic cycle was our
• Programs most successful media operation, reaching a
To achieve this, we: - Our Para-sport Equipment Fund provides cumulative audience of 467.9 million through
- Foster social change partnerships with grants to successful individual or group online, print, radio and television coverage in the
organisations and entities that have similar applicants to address the costs associated three-month period surrounding the Games.
values; with Para-sport equipment and access. It aims
primarily at entry level participants and acts
8 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 9
PA Media Services
Support for Australian media To subscribe to the releases, please
email media@paralympic.org.au.
Paralympics Australia (PA) is
committed to helping you provide General interest stories will be filed.
your best coverage of the Tokyo 2020 These will be sent to our mailing list
Paralympic Games. We aim to set and published on our website.
a new benchmark for coverage of
Paralympic sport in Australia. Interviews
Australian athletes and staff will be
During the Games, we will supplement
available for interviews throughout
the news services provided by the IPC
the Games. All requests should
and TOGOG with information that is
be directed to PA media teams in
comprehensive, relevant and timely. Sydney and Melbourne, who will
Stories, quotes, images and audio coordinate interviews as quickly and
will be available within two hours of efficiently as possible.
the conclusion of each session of the
Games. Note: Members of the media are not
to approach athletes and Team staff
Note: Media Centres within PA’s directly. In Tokyo, all interviews must
offices in Sydney and Melbourne be coordinated through the PA Media
should be the first point of contact for Liaison Officer for each sport. Thank
all Australian-based media. PA Staff you for your understanding.
in Australia will regularly liaise with the
media team in Tokyo to coordinate Audio interviews for radio
all requests. The Tokyo-based media Where possible, we will provide
team may not be as responsive to broadcast quality audio interviews
Australian-based media due to the which comply with News Access Rules
demand they face from accredited following the completion of an event.
media at Games venues.
Photos
Results Explorer Media is the official
Schedules and results for every photographer of the Australian
Australian athlete will be published Paralympic Team. News
on the Tokyo 2020 website via the organisations can access
Olympic Data Feed immediately photographs for editorial use only.
following each event. The final event To apply for access, please email
schedule will be shared before the media@paralympic.org.au.
Opening Ceremony on August 24. Low-resolution photographs will be
posted daily to our digital platforms.
Stories These can be shared but can not
Media releases will be distributed be copied and posted without
regularly, covering the key events of acknowledgement of Paralympics
each morning and evening session. Australia.
Heath Davidson and Dylan Alcott
10 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 11
Video for TV coverage
The Seven Network, as the broadcast rights
holder for the 2016, 2018 and 2020 Paralympics,
will produce and deliver comprehensive multi-
platform coverage of the Tokyo Games to
Australian audiences. Seven’s TV broadcast will
include up to 14 hours a day of live coverage plus
the Opening and Closing Ceremonies live. This will
be complemented by coverage of 18 sports live
via its digital app, 7plus.
To access video from the Seven Network for use
in news reporting, non-rights holders must ensure
they cover the Paralympic Games in accordance
with the IPC’s News Access Rules.
Social media
The Australian Paralympic Team will have
a strong social media presence during
the Games. You are invited to follow us on
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube at
the handles below. Our campaign hashtag is
#ReadySetTokyo.
@ausparalympics
@ausparalympics
@ausparalympics
@ausparalympics
@ausparateam
Tokyo, Japan
12 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 13
PA Media Team years, during which they won two men’s BBL Cup, NSW Origin Teams and the Gold Coast David Sygall
Paralympic Village, Tokyo titles, the second of which included spending Commonwealth Games. Lauren’s previous Media Liaison Officer – Wheelchair
65 days in a biosecure bubble. experience included working with Surf Lifesaving Basketball (men), Triathlon,
Tim Mannion Australia and Equestrian Australia. While this Goalball
P: +8170 1595 4140
Head of Media and Broadcast will be Lauren’s first Paralympic Games, she has David is a Communications Officer
E: jodie.hawkins@paralympic.org.au
Tim is the General Manager, worked as an MLO for the Australian Olympic at Paralympics Australia. Previously
Communications at Paralympics Quentin Hull Team at the past three Summer Games. he was a journalist at The Sydney Morning Herald
Australia and one of two Deputy Media Liaison Officer – Wheelchair for 20 years and won the Australian Sports
P: +8170 1595 4119
Basketball (women), Wheelchair
Chefs de Mission for the Australian Paralympic E: lauren.ryan@paralympic.org.au Commission award for best coverage of sport in
Tennis
Team. During the Games, he will oversee 2011. He has since worked for Australian Sailing,
the Australian Team’s media and broadcast Quentin is an award-winning Amanda Scott Cricket Australia, the AFL, PlayersVoice and
operations, manage inquiries from Australian ABC broadcaster with 20 years’ Media Liaison Officer – Equestrian, at the Invictus Games. David was an MLO for
experience covering domestic and international Shooting, Archery
media, coordinate interviews and media Paralympics Australia at London 2012 and Rio
conferences, and help to resolve any issues which sport. His diverse resume includes track and field Amanda has more than 15 years’ 2016.
may arise during the Games. Tim will also be the commentator for the Australian TV coverage experience in communications, P: +8170 1595 4111
Media Liaison Officer for wheelchair rugby. of the Paralympic Games at Beijing 2008 and community engagement and public relations E: David.sygall@paralympic.org.au
London 2012. Quentin is delighted to join PA’s across the public and private sector. She was the
P: +8170 1595 7089
E: tim.mannion@paralympic.org.au
media team for his first Games ‘on the other Australian Defence Force's public affairs lead Brett Frawley
side’ of the microphone. for the Invictus Games in Sydney in 2018 and, Content Producer
Danielle Balales P: +8170 1595 4131 in 2019, managed public affairs for the ADF's Brett is a co-owner of Good Shout,
Media Liaison Officer – Swimming E: Quentin.hull@paralympic.org.au involvement in the Royal Edinburgh Military a content production company
Danielle is the Media and Tattoo. Amanda works for Transport for NSW as established in 2017. Brett has worked
Margie McDonald a Communications and Engagement Manager
Communications Advisor at at two Paralympic Games and two Olympic
Media Liaison Officer - Athletics
Swimming Australia. Formerly an overseeing major infrastructure projects. Games. Tokyo 2020 will be his third Paralympic
ABC radio producer in Adelaide and Melbourne Margie has been to every Summer P: +8170 1595 4115 campaign making engaging content for fans of
before moving to 3AW, Danielle worked on a Paralympic Games since 2000 and E: Amanda.scott@paralympic.org.au the Australian Paralympic Team.
range of sports and was a producer on Neil Winter Paralympic Games since
2002. She was MLO for the Australian track and Gennie Sheer P: +8170 1595 4145
Mitchell’s Morning program. She then spent four
field team for the 2102 London and 2016 Rio Media Liaison Officer – Cycling E: Brett.frawley@paralympic.org.au
seasons at Carlton Football Club driving PR
strategy for its inaugural AFLW side. Now in her Games and 2019 World Championships. Margie's Gennie has been involved with Nicholas Arganese
third year at Swimming Australia, Dan oversees journalistic background includes sport reporting national and international sporting Content Producer
communications strategy for the Paralympic at The Townsville Daily Bulletin, AAP, The events including as a commentator,
Nicko is a co-owner of Good Shout;
program and works across junior pathways, Australian, and NRL.com. reporter, producer and communications and
a content production company
participation and community initiatives. P: +8170 1595 4127 marketing director. Her resume includes Invictus
established in 2017. Nicko has
P: +8170 1595 4150 E: Margie.mcdonald@paralympic.org.au Games Sydney 2018, six Olympic Games, three
worked at international events for the Australian
E: Danielle.balales@paralympic.org.au Paralympic Games, three Commonwealth Games
Lauren Ryan Swim Team, Rowing Team and Australian
and more than 50 World Championships and
Media Liaison Officer – Canoe, Paralympic Team. During these Games, Nicko
Jodie Hawkins world class events.
Table Tennis, Boccia will be supporting PA's content production
Media Liaison Officer – Rowing, P: +8170 1595 4113
Judo, Badminton, Taekwondo Lauren works at consulting firm with a focus on servicing the Australian host-
E: gennie.sheer@paralympic.org.au broadcaster.
Jodie is an experienced sports Beyond The Break and has extensive
administrator who started her career media, communications and marketing M: +8170 1595 4162
as a communications professional with teams experience across charity, sport and government E: Nicholas.arganese@paralympic.org.au
such as the NRL’s Parramatta Eels and Sydney agencies. At BTB, she has worked on campaigns
Roosters, and then Big Bash League cricket side with Water Polo Australia, Ski and Snowboard
Sydney Sixers. In 2018 she was appointed General Australia, NSW Waratahs, Rugby League World
Manager of the Sixers, leading them for three
14 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 15
Callum Lawrence Drew Chislett
Content Producer Photographer
Callum is a content producer for Drew loves adding unique and
Good Shout, a Canberra-based creative perspectives to his images
production company. Callum has and says that what he lacks in
produced audio-visual content for a wide range beauty he makes up for in hard work. At Rio
of Paralympic sports during the Tokyo Games 2016, Drew became known as ‘the running
cycle. In Tokyo, Callum will be working within photographer’, stopping only to swing his camera
the media team and alongside Australia's host or tell a story about how awesome our Para-
broadcaster to create engaging content. THE MOST ACCESSIBLE GAMES EVER
athletes are. Drew considers it a privilege to be in
P +8170 1595 4128 the photography team capturing the moments
E: Callum.Lawrence@paralympic.org.au and people who make up the Australian
Unprecedented Eighteen of the 22 Paralympic 7NEWS, Australia’s official
Paralympic Team.
Jeff Crow Paralympic Games disciplines will be covered Paralympic news service, is the
P: +8170 1595 3942 coverage on Seven live, including all the sports only network with unrestricted
Chief Photographer
and 7plus Australia traditionally excels in access to the Games, and
Jeff is the founder and chief Greg Smith
Paralympic legend Kurt Fearnley – swimming, athletics, cycling, will take Australians into the
photographer for Explorer Media, Photographer
will join the Seven Network’s wheelchair basketball and inner sanctum in Tokyo, inside
the official photographer for the Greg is a multi-media expert in
unrivalled team for the Tokyo wheelchair rugby. For the first the venues and alongside the
2020 Australian Paralympic Team. During the digital photography, videography
2020 Paralympic Games. time, all these events will be live athletes.
Games, Jeff will lead a photography team and graphic design. He is a leading on 7plus.
of three, who will make a selection of images dirtbike photographer and his iKapture® brand Fearnley will join Johanna Griggs 7NEWS.com.au will be the #1
available to the Australian media for editorial is recognised worldwide. Greg has also written and fellow Paralympic gold Seven’s team of reporters on online destination for Paralympic
use on a daily basis throughout the Games. articles for motorcycle industry publications in medallist Annabelle Williams the ground in Tokyo will include news, updates and daily event
M: +8170 1595 3965 Australia and the US. He was a photographer for to anchor Seven’s Games another Australian Paralympic schedules. The website will
E: jeff@sportlibrary.com.au the Australian Paralympic Team in London and Rio. coverage, including the Opening great, Katrina Webb, who won feature a dedicated hub for
and Closing Ceremonies. three gold medals in athletics results and medal tallies, plus
P: +8170 1595 3945
across three Paralympic Games. all the latest breaking news,
Seven’s coverage will be She will be joined by 7NEWS exclusive content, in-depth
Australia’s biggest-ever sport reporters Matthew features and the greatest
broadcast and digital event for Carmichael and Chris Stubbs. stories from the Games.
Paralympic sport – all live, free
and in HD on Seven and 7plus. Fans will also enjoy unparalleled Australians will be able to
inner-sanctum access to the keep up to date with all the
From morning to midnight Australian competitors in Tokyo, latest news, the biggest and
every day, viewers will be able to with team co-captain Ryley Batt best moments, and exclusive
choose from an unprecedented (men’s wheelchair rugby) and content, on the 7Sport social
offering of up to 16 live streams. Rio 2016 gold medallist Curtis channels on Twitter, Facebook,
Seven’s coverage will take fans McGrath (canoeing) both set Instagram, TikTok and
inside the Paralympic Games like to join Seven’s commentary YouTube.
never before across 13 action- team once they have finished
packed days. competing.
Mount Fuji
16 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 17
Media etiquette • Inform them of obstacles which may not be
detected by their cane.
• Identify the athlete first, then their disability;
however, you should not feel obligated to
• Avoid using negative words and phrases, such
as ‘wheelchair-bound’ or ‘suffers’. Instead, try
When speaking to or socialising with people with • Allow them to take your arm if you offer to guide mention their disability at all. ‘uses a wheelchair’ or ‘acquired paraplegia’.
a disability, it is important: them; if you guide them to a seat, place their • Avoid sensationalising the accomplishments • Portray the athlete as they are in their everyday
• To use the same gestures to meet or greet hand on the back or arm of the chair. of athletes with a disability as extraordinary or life; for example, as well as being an athlete,
them as you would an able-bodied person, superhuman, or in another way which may imply they may also be a civil engineer, parent or
even if they have limited use of their hands or People with an intellectual impairment that expectations were low. doctor.
wear a prosthetic. They will let you know what is When speaking to or socialising with people with
appropriate or inappropriate. an intellectual impairment:
• Not to underestimate their intelligence; speak • Use simple language.
to them directly and in your usual tone of voice. • Allow them more time to process; do not
• To feel comfortable asking specific questions interrupt or speak for them.
about their disability; it is a part of who they are • Consider using gestures or pictures if you are
and one of the reasons why they are competing unable to effectively communicate verbally.
at the Paralympic Games.
• Use everyday words and phrases. For example, People with a communication impairment
it is fine to tell a person with a vision impairment When speaking to or socialising with people with
that you will see them later. a communication impairment:
• Not to use negative language to describe their • Be aware of and respect alternative forms
impairment, even if they use it themselves. of communication, such as electronic devices
• Not to assume they require your help; ask if or Braille.
they need a hand or wait to be asked. When • Do not interrupt or speak for them.
assisting, ask them how best to do this. • Always speak directly to them.
People who use wheelchairs Paralympics, not Olympics or
When speaking to or socialising with people who Para-Olympics
use wheelchairs: The Paralympic Games are distinct from the
• Position yourself at eye level by sitting next to Olympic Games and the competitors at both
them. events should be acknowledged in their own
• Consider their chair to be a part of their right. It is inappropriate to call a Paralympian
personal space; keep an appropriate distance an Olympian, as it is to call an Olympian a
and never use it to lean on. Paralympian.
• Feel comfortable in offering to help them There is also a tendency to refer to the
navigate obstacles such as doors, but do not Paralympic Games as the Para-Olympic Games.
push their chair unless they have asked you to. The Para-Olympic Games do not exist.
People with a vision impairment Remember
When speaking to or socialising with people with When compiling your stories, please remember:
a vision impairment: • Athletes with a disability who compete at the
• Announce your entrance and exit from a room. Paralympic Games are the best at what they do
• Describe visual happenings. and should be afforded the same recognition as
any able-bodied athlete who competes at the
• Do not acknowledge their guide dog while it is Amber Merritt
highest level.
harnessed.18 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 19
About the Games
What is Paralympic sport? their ability to pass, receive and
manoeuvre their chairs on the court;
Paralympic sports exist so people with
compared to swimming where
a disability have equal opportunities
athletes are grouped by how much
to compete and be successful in
their impairment affects their ability
sport. The Paralympic Games are
to dive, turn and perform each
the pinnacle of sporting achievement
swimming stroke.
for athletes with a disability and are
contested by athletes with a physical, As no two impairments are the same,
vision and/or intellectual impairment. there is a range of athletes in each
class. In individual sports, athletes
Classification generally compete only against
The classification system for others in the same class. In some
Paralympic sports groups into sports, such as cycling and triathlon,
categories for competition athletes multiple classes are grouped together
whose impairments cause similar and a factoring or points system is
limitations, comparable to other used to determine the results. This
practices used in sport to create means that every athlete has the
fairness, such as grouping athletes same chance of winning.
by gender or weight. As each sport
Team sports, such as Wheelchair
requires athletes to use their bodies
Rugby and Wheelchair Basketball,
differently, classification systems
often use a classification system
are different for each sport. For
where multiple combinations of
example, in Wheelchair Rugby
classifications are permitted to
athletes are grouped in classes by
make up one team.
how much their impairment affects
Tiffany Thomas Kane20 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 21
Eligible impairments for Summer Paralympic Games to attend a future classification. This usually •T
echnical classifiers with qualifications in sport
depends on their age, medical condition, science, human movement or sport-specific
Impairment Description medical intervention, as well as any changes to qualifications.
classification rules. •C
lassifiers are remunerated in the same way
Ataxia (tremor), athetosis (involuntary Impairments from neurological conditions such as an acquired
muscle movement) and hypertonia brain injury, cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis that affect as other sports federation officials.
Athletes are permitted to have a representative
(increased muscle tension). coordination and smoothness of movement and balance.
with them during classification, usually a coach
*Collectively referred to as coordination Classification integrity
impairments or team staff member.
As in other areas of sport integrity, classification
Impaired muscle power(Muscle weakness) Muscle weakness or paralysis from conditions such as muscular Like other sport officiating decisions, if an relies upon:
dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, nerve damage, a spinal cord athlete disagrees with the classification they are •A
thletes participating in the true spirit of fair
injury or other spinal condition. allocated they may lodge a protest or appeal. play by providing an honest and accurate
Athletes are not permitted to protest the reflection of their medical condition and best
Impaired passive range of Restricted movement or tightness in a joint/s from conditions
movement(Restricted joints) such as joint fusions and other conditions restricting movement. classification of other athletes. effort of their skills. Fair play and honesty must
also be supported by the athlete’s support
Leg length difference Significant difference in leg length due to a deficiency at birth Classifiers
personnel and influencers. Similarly to doping,
or trauma. Classifiers are sport officials trained, certified and there are serious consequences for athletes who
appointed by their sport’s federation as members intentionally misrepresent themselves.
Loss of limbs Partial or complete absence of bones or joints due to deficiency
at birth, or amputation resulting from illness or trauma. of a classification panel. • Objectivity and consistency in the decisions of
In addition to a high degree of sport-specific classifiers.
Short stature Reduced standing height and limb length from conditions such
as achondroplasia or other conditions that affect growth. expertise, classifiers are either: • A collaborative relationship, mutual respect and
•M
edical classifiers who are medical professionals trust between athletes, sport administrators
Vision impairment Impairment of the eye structure, optic nerves or pathways, or (doctor, physiotherapist, vision specialist or and classifiers.
vision area of the brain, resulting in a loss of vision in both eyes.
psychologist) with disability experience; or • Respect for the rules that govern the Para-sport.
Caused by conditions such as albinism, macular degeneration,
macular or cone rod dystrophy and retinitis pigmentosa.
Intellectual impairment An IQ of less than 75 and impairments in adaptive behaviour
(conceptual, social and practical skills) – that is observed
before the athlete is aged 18.
Classification evaluation •A
thletes perform key sports tests, drills and skills
related to their sport, for example dives, turns
Any potential athlete must first provide medical
and stroke technique in swimming, passing and
evidence to their sport’s federation to confirm
blocking in wheelchair rugby.
whether they have a permanent and eligible
impairment for their chosen sport. This is called •A
thletes are observed during competition to
an Eligibility Assessment. ensure consistency of their skills.
Once their eligibility assessment is complete, Once completed, athletes are allocated a sport
athletes are assessed by a classification panel. class for competition (for example, S9 SB9 SM9
Classification panels assess athletes in three in swimming, C3 in cycling - see sport-specific
steps: profiles for details of each sport’s classification
system).
• Medical tests such as vision tests, psychological
tests or measures of strength and coordination, The athlete is also allocated a sport class status,
depending on the athlete’s medical condition. which identifies if or when they are required
Sam Von Einem22 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 23
Paralympics Australia upholds sports integrity Participation at the Paralympic Summer Games Rome 1960 While the Games represented a significant step
and ethical classification practice. All Tokyo forward in the world of disability sport, teething
Year Host city Number of Number Number of 400
team members have completed mandatory competing athletes
troubles did not go unnoticed; for instance,
classification and integrity training in order to countries of athletes were housed in units built on stilts, which
athletes Number of competing 23
be eligible for selection. countries were only accessible via two sets of stairs.
1960 Rome, Italy 23 400 Final Australian 7th (gold), 7th
Classification at the Tokyo Games medal standings (overall)
Tokyo 1964
1964 Tokyo, 21 378 Number of competing 375
While all efforts have been made to have Sports 8– archery, athletics,
Japan athletes
Australian Para-athletes classified prior to Tokyo, dartchery, snooker,
swimming, table Number of competing 21
the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted athletes’ 1968 Tel Aviv, 29 750 tennis, wheelchair
Israel countries
access to classification opportunities. A small basketball, wheelchair
fencing Final Australian medal 4th (gold), 5th
number of Australian athletes will be required 1972 Heidelberg, 43 984 standings (overall)
to undergo classification in Tokyo. Germany Disabilities Spinal cord injuries
Sports 9 – weightlifting added
to the program;
History of the 1976 Toronto,
Canada
40 1,657
The inaugural Paralympic Games in Rome, Italy, wheelchair racing
added to athletics
Paralympic Games 1980 Arnhem, 43 1,973
were staged over one week, with Australia one of
21 participating nations. Athletes with spinal cord
program
Netherlands Disabilities Spinal cord injuries
Before World War II, most people with a spinal injuries were eligible to compete. The eight sports
cord injury died within months – a couple of contested were archery, athletics, dartchery,
1984 Stoke 41 1,100
years at best – due to infection and other Mandeville, The most recent Paralympic Games to be staged
snooker, swimming, table tennis, wheelchair
complications. However, post-war developments England in Japan were held immediately after the 1964
basketball and wheelchair fencing.
in antibiotics, treatment and rehabilitation New York, 45 1,800
USA
ensured spinal cord injuries were survivable. In
1944, German neurosurgeon Sir Ludwig Guttman 1988 Seoul, South 60 3,041
established the National Spinal Injuries Unit at Korea
Stoke Mandeville Hospital in England, where he
1992 Barcelona, 83 2,999
introduced sport as a method of rehabilitation. Spain
On July 29, 1948, the same day as the Opening
1996 Atlanta, 104 3,808
Ceremony of the Olympic Games in London, USA
the first Stoke Mandeville Games were held. Two
teams – one from Stoke Mandeville Hospital 2000 Sydney, 123 3,879
Australia
and the other from a neighbouring hospital for
war veterans in Richmond – competed in Para- 2004 Athens, 135 3,808
archery. Greece
By 1952, the Games had become international, 2008 Beijing, 146 3,951
China
but Guttman had a vision of an international
equivalent to the Olympic Games. In 1960, at 2012 London, 164 4,237
what is now considered to be the first Paralympic England
Games, 400 athletes from 23 countries contested
2016 Rio de 159 4,328
the eight sports of archery, athletics, dartchery, Janeiro,
snooker, swimming, table tennis, wheelchair Brazil
basketball and wheelchair fencing.
Shae Graham and Jayden Warn24 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 25
Olympic Games. Again, athletes with spinal Heidelberg 1972 The inclusion of the South Africa Team (during At the 1980 Paralympic Games in Arnhem,
cord injuries were eligible to compete and, in apartheid) led to several nations boycotting the Netherlands, athletes with cerebral palsy were
Number of competing 984
addition to archery, athletics, dartchery, snooker, athletes
Games. However, in a first for the Paralympic included for the first time, joining athletes with
swimming, table tennis, wheelchair basketball Games, television coverage was broadcast daily spinal cord injuries, amputees and athletes with
Number of competing 43
and wheelchair fencing - weightlifting was countries to more than 600,000 viewers worldwide. a vision impairment. Together, they contested
contested. Final Australian medal 11th (gold), 9th 13 sports; archery, athletics, dartchery, goalball,
standings (overall) Arnhem 1980 lawn bowls, shooting, swimming, table tennis,
While the Games were small and relatively
Sports 10 Number of competing 1,973 weightlifting, wheelchair basketball and
unsophisticated by contemporary standards,
Disabilities Spinal cord injuries athletes wheelchair fencing, as at previous Games, as well
athletes were assisted from their planes, received
Number of competing 43 as sitting volleyball and wrestling. Snooker was
a formal welcome and transport and interpreters countries
Due to a plan to convert the Olympic Village in removed from the program.
were available for the duration of the Games.
Final Australian 14th (gold), 9th
Munich into residential apartments immediately medal standings (overall) Like the 1976 Games, South Africa’s participation
Tel Aviv 1968 after the 1972 Olympic Games, the 1972 was controversial. While key international
Sports 13 – sitting volleyball
Paralympics were staged in Heidelberg, Germany. and wrestling added organisations supported the Team’s inclusion –
Number of 750
competing athletes The same 10 sports that were contested in Tel as sports, snooker on the basis that sanctioning a mixed team would
Aviv were featured on the Paralympic program for removed from program
help to foster change in the country – the Dutch
Number of 29 Disabilities Spinal cord injuries,
competing countries Heidelberg, with the addition of demonstration Parliament vetoed this decision and South Africa
vision impaired,
events for athletes with a vision impairment. amputees, cerebral was banned from the Games.
Final Australian 4th (gold), 5th
medal standings (overall) palsy
Toronto 1976
Sports 10 – lawn bowls added
as a sport as well as Number of competing 1,657
women’s wheelchair athletes
basketball and the Number of competing 40
men’s 100m wheelchair countries
race
Final Australian 11th (gold), 12th
Disabilities Spinal cord injuries medal standings (overall)
Sports 13 – goalball and
shooting added as
The 1968 Paralympic Games, originally sports; sitting volleyball
scheduled to be staged in Mexico, were held (demonstration sport)
in Tel Aviv, Israel. Athletes with spinal cord Disabilities Spinal cord injuries,
injuries contested 10 sports – archery, athletics, amputees, visually
impaired
dartchery, lawn bowls, snooker, swimming, table
tennis, weightlifting, wheelchair basketball and
wheelchair fencing – with a women’s wheelchair Unlike the 1976 Olympic Games, which were
basketball competition featuring for the first time. held in Montréal, Canada, the 1976 Paralympics
were staged in the Canadian city of Toronto.
In an attempt to depoliticise the Games – Israel’s
Athletes with spinal cord injuries, amputees and
Six-Day War with Egypt, Jordan and Syria was
athletes with a vision impairment competed in 12
just over a year old and hostilities between the
sports – archery, athletics, dartchery, goalball,
countries persisted – national anthems and flags
lawn bowls, shooting, snooker, swimming, table
were abandoned during medal presentations
tennis, weightlifting, wheelchair basketball and
and there was no official medal tally.
wheelchair fencing – plus sitting volleyball as a
demonstration sport.
Kathryn Ross and Simon Albury26 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 27
New York and Stoke Mandeville 1984 Seoul 1988 Barcelona and Madrid 1992 Atlanta 1996
Number of competing 1,100 (UK), 1,800 (USA) Number of 3,057 Number of 3,001 Number of 3,195
athletes competing athletes competing athletes competing athletes
Number of competing 41 (UK), 45 (USA) Number of 61 Number of 83 Number of 103
countries competing countries competing countries competing countries
Final Australian medal 8th (gold), 7th Final Australian 10th (gold), 7th Final Australian 7th (gold), 6th
standings (overall) medal standings (overall) medal standings (overall) Final Australian 2nd (gold), 4th
medal standings (overall)
Sports 18 – boccia, road- Sports 18 – Judo added as Sports 16 – Wheelchair tennis
cycling, powerlifting sport; wheelchair added as sport; Sports 19 – equestrian added
and football tennis (demonstration snooker removed as a sport and track
7-a-side added as sport); equestrian not Disabilities Spinal cord injuries, cycling added as a
sports; equestrian yet on permanent vision impaired, discipline; wheelchair
(demonstration sport); program amputees, les autres, rugby and sailing
snooker reincluded Disabilities Spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy (demonstration
Disabilities Spinal cord injuries, vision impaired, sports); lawn bowls
vision impaired, amputees, les autres, removed
amputees, les autres, cerebral palsy The 1992 Paralympic Games were held in Disabilities Spinal cord injuries,
cerebral palsy Barcelona, Spain, from September 3 to 14 and vision impaired,
were followed by an event for athletes with amputees, les autres,
cerebral palsy,
The 1984 Paralympic Games were staged The 1988 Games are widely considered to be an intellectual impairment in Madrid from intellectual disability
in New York, USA, and Stoke Mandeville, the first Paralympics of the modern era. They September 14 to 22. The eligible impairment
England, on June 17 to 30, and July 22 to August were the first Games since 1964 to be held in the types for the Games in Barcelona were the same
1, respectively. All but one of the 13 sports same city as the Olympics. As in 1984, athletes as in Seoul, as were the sports, except snooker At the 1996 Paralympic Games, athletes with an
contested in Arnhem were featured on the with spinal cord injuries, amputees, athletes with and wheelchair tennis. intellectual impairment were eligible to compete
program (dartchery was not), as well as boccia, cerebral palsy, athletes with a vision impairment for the first time. Alongside athletes with spinal
The Games were the first since the dissolution
cycling, football seven-a-side and powerlifting and les autres were eligible to compete. They cord injuries, amputees, athletes with cerebral
of the Soviet Union, increasing the number of
(weightlifting and powerlifting were classified contested archery, athletics, boccia, cycling, palsy, les autres and athletes with a vision
participating countries from 60 to 83 (though
under the single sport of lifting). Snooker was football seven-a-side, goalball, judo, lawn impairment, they contested archery, athletics,
the Soviet Union only competed at Seoul 1988,
also reincluded and equestrian appeared as a bowls, lifting, shooting, sitting volleyball, snooker, boccia, cycling – now on the track as well as road
having previously denied it had any people with
demonstration sport. swimming, table tennis, wheelchair basketball – equestrian, football seven-a-side, goalball,
a disability).
and wheelchair fencing. Wheelchair tennis judo, lawn bowls, powerlifting, shooting, sitting
Originally, the Games were to be held in Illinois,
featured as a demonstration sport. In Madrid, Australia placed first on the medal volleyball, swimming, table tennis, wheelchair
USA, but issues with finances and other disputes
tally with 13 gold medals, 10 silver and eight basketball and wheelchair fencing. Racquetball,
saw the University of Illinois terminate its contract Australian participation in international
bronze. sailing and wheelchair rugby appeared as
just four months before the Games. New York competition was still in a state of transition
demonstration sports.
hosted events for amputees, athletes with and the country’s football seven-a-side team
cerebral palsy, athletes with a vision impairment comprised track and field athletes – the team Controversially, venues and other infrastructure
and ‘les autres’ – athletes with other physical was regularly well-beaten, with one athlete, from the Olympics were dismantled during the
impairment types – and Stoke Mandeville hosted Christopher Scott, breaking his ankle and Games; the Paralympic Village was also inferior,
events for athletes with spinal cord injuries. missing his premier event, the long jump. in terms of accommodation and food supply.28 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 29
Sydney 2000 contested the sports of archery, athletics, After the Games, it was revealed that 10 of the Beijing 2008
basketball, boccia, cycling, equestrian, football players on the gold medal-winning Spanish
Number of 3,881 Number of 3,951
competing athletes
seven-a-side, goalball, judo, powerlifting, basketball team did not have an intellectual competing athletes
sailing, shooting, sitting volleyball, swimming, impairment, resulting in the suspension of all
Number of 122 Number of 146
competing countries table tennis, volleyball, wheelchair basketball, athletes with an intellectual impairment from competing countries
Final Australian 1st (gold), 1st wheelchair fencing, wheelchair rugby and future Paralympic Games. The suspension was Final Australian 5th (gold), 2nd
medal standings (overall) wheelchair tennis. Athletes with spinal cord lifted in 2012. medal standings (overall)
Sports 18 – sailing and injuries, amputees, athletes with cerebral palsy, Sports 20 – rowing added
wheelchair rugby les autres, athletes with a vision impairment and Athens 2004 as a sport
added as sports; Disabilities Spinal cord or nerve
athletes with an intellectual impairment were all Number of 3,806
weightlifting removed damage, vision
eligible to compete, with the program for athletes competing athletes
Disabilities Spinal cord injuries, impairment, limb loss
vision impaired, with an intellectual impairment considerably Number of 136 (amputees or limb
amputees, les autres, expanded and powerlifting opened to female competing countries deficiency, les autres,
cerebral palsy, competitors for the first time. Final Australian 5th (gold), 2nd cerebral palsy, brain
intellectual disability medal standings (overall) injury)
In another significant first, the core services Sports 19 – football 5-a-side
for sport delivery were provided by the same added as a sport
The greatest legacy of the 2000 Paralympics individuals for both the Olympic and Paralympic Disabilities Spinal cord injuries, At the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing, China,
was its recognition of Paralympians as elite Games. There was a record 1.1 million spectators vision impaired, the 19 sports from Athens – archery, athletics,
sportspeople. 3,879 athletes from 123 countries amputees, les autres, boccia, cycling, equestrian, football five-a-side,
over the 11 days of competition. cerebral palsy
football seven-a-side, goalball, judo, powerlifting,
sailing, shooting, sitting volleyball, swimming,
At the 2004 Paralympic Games, 18 of the 20 table tennis, wheelchair basketball, wheelchair
sports featured in Sydney were contested, with fencing, wheelchair rugby and wheelchair tennis
the exclusion of basketball and volleyball for – were contested, with rowing making its debut.
athletes with an intellectual impairment (all other Athletes with spinal cord or nerve damage,
disability groups were represented). Football five- cerebral palsy, a limb deficiency, brain injury,
a-side featured for the first time, as did women’s les autres or vision impairment were eligible to
competitions in judo and sitting volleyball. compete.
Benefiting from an integrated organising Athletes competed before the largest crowds to
committee, all sports were contested in the same date. A record of 1.8 million tickets were sold and
venues as the Olympic Games and all teams were the Games attracted a cumulative audience of
accommodated in the same Athlete Village. 3.8 billion, including a 200 percent increase in
broadcasting time compared to Athens.
Tokyo Aquatic Centre30 Paralympics Australia MEDIA GUIDE 2021 31
London 2012 Rio 2016 Tokyo 2020 There are 22 sports on the program for Tokyo,
In March 2020, the International Paralympic including badminton and taekwondo, which are
Number of 4,237 Number of 4,342
competing athletes competing athletes Committee expressed its support for the decision to be contested for the first time. Sailing was
to postpone the Tokyo Paralympics due to removed from the program after Rio.
Number of 164 Number of 159
competing countries competing countries Covid-19. The Games were re-scheduled to start The Tokyo Games are the first Summer Games
Final Australian 5th (gold), 5th (overall) Final Australian 5th (gold), 5th (overall) on August 24, 2021 and still be referred to as to be delivered under the new IPC Athlete
medal standings medal standings Tokyo 2020. Athletes worldwide, in large part, Classification Code. Only athletes with one of the
Sports 20 Sports 22 showed exceptional adaptability to maintain 10 eligible impairment types listed on page 20
their focus and continue their training despite are eligible to compete. There are eight physical
Disabilities Spinal cord or nerve Disabilities Spinal cord or nerve
damage, vision damage, vision
severely disrupted scheduling and qualification impairment types, one intellectual impairment
impairment, limb loss impairment, limb loss pathways. and one vision impairment.
(amputees or limb (amputees or limb
deficiency, les autres, deficiency, les autres,
cerebral palsy, brain cerebral palsy, brain
injury), intellectual injury), intellectual
impairment impairment.
In his closing speech, then President of the IPC, The most recent Paralympic Summer Games saw
Sir Phillip Craven, described the 2012 Paralympics canoe and triathlon make their Paralympic debut
as the greatest ever. The Games marked the alongside the 20 sports featured on the 2012
return of athletes with an intellectual impairment, Paralympic program – archery, athletics, boccia,
alongside those with spinal cord or nerve cycling, equestrian, football five-a-side, football
damage, cerebral palsy, a limb deficiency, brain seven-a-side, goalball, judo, powerlifting, rowing,
injury or vision impairment, and les autres, all sailing, shooting, sitting volleyball, swimming,
competing across the same 20 sports that were table tennis, wheelchair basketball, wheelchair
contested in Beijing. fencing, wheelchair rugby and wheelchair tennis.
As in London, all traditional disability groups were
The Games featured a record number of athletes
represented.
from a record number of countries and sold an
unprecedented number of tickets – 900,000 Notably absent from the 2016 Games was the
more than were sold in Beijing. They were also the Russian Paralympic Team, which was banned
first truly online Games; between August 29 and from competition by the IPC in August 2016 for
September 9, there were 1.3 million ‘Paralympic’ state-sanctioned doping. In contrast, Russia had
mentions on Twitter and 25 million visitors to been permitted to compete at the 2016 Olympic
the London 2012 website. Games.
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