Managing for performance Transaction banking - Reshaping your business to take advantage of the shift in global commerce, clearing and customer ...

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Managing for performance Transaction banking - Reshaping your business to take advantage of the shift in global commerce, clearing and customer ...
Reshaping your business to
              take advantage of the shift
              in global commerce, clearing
              and customer needs.

Managing for
performance
Transaction banking

                               www.pwc.co.uk
We are well aware of
                       the erosion of public
                       trust, constrained
                       investor interest and
                       evermore intrusive
                       government
                       intervention facing
                       banks today.

                       We believe that
                       by embracing a
                       customer-centric
                       business model and
                       forensically managing
                       performance through
                       customer-informed
                       value drivers, banks
                       can win back
                       investment and
                       rebuild faith in their
                       economic potential.

2   PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
Managing for performance

The key question is no longer whether or even how transaction banking
has been transformed, but how to re-engage with customers, how to respond
to their changing needs and how to generate sufficient returns in this new
business environment. In ‘Managing for performance’, we look at what
different customers most value and how banks can make the most of
the resulting opportunities and value potential.

In our 2011 transaction banking          Our work with a range of global
overview (‘Reshaping the vision:         transaction banks highlights a further
Emerging stronger from market            consideration that cuts across all those
transformation’), we looked at how       above – how to manage the business to
the competitive landscape is being       optimise performance. The ways banks
transformed by shifts in global trade,   are going to have to do this are being
                                                                                    Julian Wakeham
customer expectations, technology        transformed as quickly and decisively
                                                                                    Partner, PwC
and regulation. We identified three      as the competitive and regulatory
key considerations for competing         landscape in which they operate.
in this new landscape:                   ‘Managing for performance’ is therefore
1. How do you get closer to your         the main focus of our 2012 overview.       sure the business can quickly
   chosen customers – who will be                                                   respond to these evolving
   your key customers in 2020 and        The starting point for managing for        expectations.
   how can you develop a more            performance is the fundamental
   profitable relationship?              importance of a truly customer-centric     In the final section we explore the
                                         culture and business model in ensuring     unfolding opportunities for innovation
2. How will you manage risk and
                                         survival and success in this new           and growth, with a key focus on how
   capital more effectively – what is
                                         landscape. Strategies should be based      to make sure good ideas fulfil their
   the impact of regulation on your
                                         on a deep and insightful understanding     potential by delivering real returns.
   business model and how can you
                                         of customer needs. The challenge
   develop a more favourable and
                                         is how to keep pace with changing          We are well aware of the erosion
   sustainable balance between
                                         customer demands and make sure the         of public trust, constrained investor
   risk and reward in this new
                                         organisation is focusing on the drivers    interest and evermore intrusive
   environment?
                                         that are going to make the most            government intervention facing
3. How will you keep pace with           difference to performance and returns.     banks today. However, we believe
   market developments – what                                                       that by embracing a customer-centric
   competitive advantages can you        Our opening section looks at fresh         business model and forensically
   bring to bear and what resources      approaches to enduring challenges          managing performance through
   and technology will be required       including determining the right way        customer-informed value drivers,
   to support this?                      forward for the business and dealing       banks can win back investment
                                         with the strategic implications of         and rebuild faith in their economic
                                         regulation, along with the return on       potential.
                                         equity expectations that underpin this.
                                                                                    I hope that you find ‘Managing for
                                         In the second section we examine the       performance’ insightful and informa-
                                         changing needs of three core customer      tive. Please do not hesitate to contact
                                         segments, namely small and medium          either me or any of the contributing
                                         size enterprises, large corporates         authors if you would like to discuss
                                         and financial institutions, and how        any of the issues in more detail.
                                         to gear performance management             We welcome your comments
                                         and organisational design to making        and queries.

                                                                      PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking        3
Contents

    Section 1:
    A different approach to familiar challenges                     5
    ROE: the new equilibrium – finding a true measure of success
    Managing infrastructure for performance
    Maximising return on regulatory investment

    Section 2:
    A model for performance management                             19
    Performance management: getting straight to what matters
    Understanding customer needs

    Section 3:
    Innovation and growth opportunities                            36
    Turning innovation into a real engine for growth
    Taking the working capital opportunity to the next level
    Emerging partnerships in regional banking
    Entering new markets – new opportunities for servicing
    existing clients

4    PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
Section 1:
A different approach to
typical challengess

Article                              Brief synopsis
ROE: the new equilibrium – finding   As many banks scale back non-core
a true measure of success            operations and seek out new sources of
                                     growth, what role does transaction
                                     banking play within this new banking
                                     ‘equilibrium’ and how should the value
                                     and returns of banks be judged? The
                                     remainder of this section challenges the
                                     way investment decisions are typically
                                     evaluated and considered.

Managing infrastructure              High profile IT failures have shaken
for performance                      confidence in payments. How can banks
                                     rebuild market faith in their IT
                                     resilience and what part would more
                                     effective contractor management play
                                     in this? And how can these and other
                                     upgrades to infrastructure provide ways
                                     to capture key client data and bring
                                     customer profiling up to the standards
                                     being set in other industries?

Maximising return on regulatory      A wave of new regulation is creating
investment                           huge implementation demands on
                                     banks. But these regulations could also
                                     accelerate market developments in
                                     areas ranging from electronic transfer
                                     to more competition in the settlements
                                     and clearing market. Smart banks are
                                     going to be looking at how to turn
                                     investment in compliance to their
                                     competitive advantage by using it to
                                     help serve customers more effectively.

                                              PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking   5
ROE the new equilibrium – finding a true
    measure of success
    As many banks scale back non-core operations and seek out new sources
    of growth, what role does transaction banking play within this new
    banking ‘equilibrium’ and how should the value and returns for
    the bank be judged?

    The banking market is being reshaped                boost return on equity (RoE) – 12%-         Transaction banking’s strategic
    by the shifts in the economic landscape             15% is the typical target. The assets       importance is being reinforced by
    and customer needs. Further pressure                being relinquished in the drive to cut      the shift in the focus of investment
    for change is coming from governments               RWA may actually be the businesses          and growth towards the fast growth
    and regulators’ insistence that banks               that offer the greatest long-term           markets of South America, Asia, Africa
    curtail their risks, scale back their               potential if retained. In turn, these RoE   and the Middle East (together these
    balance sheets and provide more support             targets may be unrealistic given the        markets form what PwC terms as
    for the ‘real’ economy. Many banks’                 state of many developed economies           ‘SAAAME’). It is not just the growth
    response includes a closer focus on                 and the absence of the leverage that        in these economies but the increasing
    transaction banking opportunities. But              did so much to boost RoE before the         trade flows between them that are
    as we explore in this article, the verdict          crisis. Nonetheless, many banks believe     going to be so crucial to business
    is still out on how successful they can             that a mid-teen RoE is needed to attract    development by both banks and their
    be and a change of tack may be needed.              and retain the levels of equity that        corporate customers (see Figure 1.1).
                                                        regulators are demanding.                   Banks that can develop the
    If we begin by examining how groups                                                             geographical reach and service
    as a whole are responding to this new               So where does transaction banking fit       capabilities needed to follow their
    economic and regulatory landscape                   into this shake-up? In many ways, the       clients into new markets and tap into
    we can see a mixed bag of sound,                    need to re-balance risk and reward          these trade flows would be in the
    disciplined business adjustments                    and re-engage with the real economy         strongest position to attract and retain
    and messy reactions to short-term                   plays to transaction banking’s              customers and develop new sources of
    regulatory imperatives. Worse still are             strengths. Transaction banking has          revenue. While some banks are looking
    the potentially damaging decisions                  always offered a strong and stable          to exit from markets that do not meet
    stemming from misguided efforts to                  source of relatively low risk and           their immediate RoE targets on a
    reduce risk-weighted assets (RWA) and               capital light revenues.                     standalone basis, others are seeking
                                                                                                    to extend their international coverage
                                                                                                    in recognition of its importance in
    Figure 1.1 Transformation in global trade flows                                                 sustaining client relationships and
                                                                                                    enhancing performance.
                                   World trade flows, US$ trillions, 2010

                                           Trade value: $6.92tr
                                          CAGR 2002-10: 8.0%

                                              Non-SAAAME

          Trade value: $2.16tr                                               Trade value: $2.67tr
         CAGR 2002-10: 12.9%                                                CAGR 2002-10: 13.6%

                                                 SAAAME

                                           Trade value: $2.82tr
                                          CAGR 2002-10: 19.4%

    Source: PwC

6     PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
But transaction banking is not a magic      with SAAAME markets likely to be a          Banks are therefore going to need
bullet. First, using transaction banking    key target. Too many banks chasing too      new ways to price and mitigate their
to improve group RoE does not neces-        little business is likely to drive down     exposures in these markets. Prices will
sarily address wider problems in the        prices and margins and offset any           be affected by higher risk, capital and
group and does not consider whether         advantage from the lower capital costs      funding costs. But this will be partially
the existing client franchise supports      of this business. As outlined earlier,      offset by product rationalisation and
the business that the bank is trying to     senior management may also lack the         lower operational costs. Areas where
develop. From a group perspective,          necessary experience to steer such a        the high capital costs are matched by
it is important not to lose sight of the    rapid expansion in transaction bank-        high levels of customer demand are
portfolio perspective and understand        ing. Favouring transaction banking          likely to be the greatest focus of
where transaction banking fits within       simply because it makes sense from an       innovation and re-engineering.
the broader product portfolio. The          RWA optimisation perspective is thus a
related question explored in this article   clear case of the regulatory tail           Banks may also need to look beyond
is whether ROE is necessarily the most      wagging the strategic dog.                  RoE targets at more relevant measures
appropriate criterion upon which to                                                     of performance and success for these
make business decisions as it may not       Realistic expectations                      longer term and relatively high risk and
reflect the underlying business perfor-     So how can banks shape their transac-       reward strategic plays. Risk-adjusted
mance and real economic value of the        tion banking and wider business             measures such as economic profit
business. The second challenge for          support services to make the most           would provide a better indication of
transaction banking development is          of its potential within the new risk,       the true value being created across
that there may be insufficient scale in     capital and market equilibrium?             the different operations.
the new target markets to provide
adequate volumes and margins for all        While in the past, transaction man-         The underlying challenge is how to
the institutions that want to enter.        dates tended to be offered as the prize     convey the rationale of these strategies
Finally, transaction banking is a very      for finance, helping clients to move into   to investors and whether they would
different business from traditional         unfamiliar and often under-developed        accept the implications for RoE. Some
wholesale banking and the manage-           markets is likely to require a more         may withdraw their investment if their
ment skills, capabilities and expertise     symbiotic relationship between lending      RoE expectations are not met. But on
of the existing management team may         and transaction services. This might        other measures the long-term potential
not be appropriate to support this move     include finance to help clients set up      of banks that can tap into fast growing
into new markets.                           manufacturing facilities in a frontier      economies and trade flows will be
                                            SAAAME market and then support for          strong. RoE measures may also be less
These issues have been brought to           the infrastructure and other develop-       universally comparable as a result of
the fore because some banks may be          ments needed to build up demand in          variations in gearing and local capital
stepping up their focus on transaction      local markets.                              requirements, leading to greater focus
banking for what might be described as                                                  on economic spreads and profitability.
the ‘wrong’ reasons. In particular, they    While the reward potential would
may be favouring transaction banking        mirror the strong GDP growth in the
simply because it is less capital inten-    SAAAME economies, contending with
sive than their potentially more volatile   varied and possibly limited risk data,
lending and trading counterparts            legal systems and regulatory frame-
rather than judging business develop-       works could radically change the risk
ment on the relative commercial oppor-      profile of your business. Loans may be
tunities and their ability to capitalise    riskier. The need to operate with an
on them. Many areas of the transaction      ever growing array of local partners
banking marketplace may become              on the ground would also heighten
more crowded as banks rush to expand,       counterparty risks.

                                                                          PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking      7
The new equilibrium                          make sure that they have the capabili-
    Far from being a cyclical downturn, the      ties and differentiated strategies to
    market and regulatory forces shaping         make sure that transaction banking
    the banking sector are here to stay.         realises its return potential.
    The good news is that the fundamental
    customer need for banking products           As with any change, there will be
    and services has not disappeared,            relative winners and losers. The
    and the opportunity in the long run to       winners will be those that manage
    service that need profitably has not         through this transition most effectively
    gone away either. A new equilibrium is       and emerge in the new equilibrium
    thus set to emerge over the next three       with their franchises and balance
    to five years as de-leveraging runs its      sheets in best shape. In a nutshell,
    course and banking moves closer to           there is everything to play for.
    the real economy in both its service
    offering and return expectations.            If transaction banking may be one of
                                                 the beneficiaries of the new funding
    Transaction banking is at the forefront      and strategic considerations facing
    of the renewed focus on the real economy.    banking groups, it is also facing
    But it could also take banks into riskier    significant new regulation of its own.
    and more volatile markets that are out       At the heart of these changes is the
    of step with the current mantra of RWA       pressure to strengthen and update
    optimisation and demand to boost             payments and custody systems.
    RoE in the short-term. Such moves may        As we explore in the remaining articles
    also be beyond the scope of existing         in this section, smart banks are looking
    management expertise. We therefore           at how they can use these regulatory
    think it is crucial that banks recalibrate   demands and the necessary investment
    their economic models, performance           this entails as an opportunity to
    targets and pricing formulas to the new      develop new markets and improve
    economic realities. They also need to        customer experience.

    Banks need to consider looking beyond RoE targets at more relevant
    measures of performance and success, such as risk-adjusted measures such
    as economic profit which would provide a better indication of true value
    being created across the different operations.

8     PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
Managing infrastructure for performance

High profile IT failures have shaken confidence in payments. How can banks
rebuild market faith in their IT resilience and what part would more effective
contractor management play in this? At the same time, banks are missing
out on a commercial opportunity as they are finding it difficult to draw any
insight from all the transactions in the system. So if infrastructure invest-
ments have to be made, how can they be turned into a source of competitive
differentiation by providing ways to capture key client data and bring
customer profiling up to the standards being set in other industries?

IT resilience within the banking sector     completely under-stood by a small           These weaknesses have led to an
was once taken for granted, with            number of key staff. These problems         increasing number of high profile
customers and regulators seeing this        are compounded by the fact that many        incidents that affect customers and are
as a well-funded, well-managed and          banks have shifted their investment         embarrassing for the banks concerned.
highly robust area. But confidence is       focus away from maintaining IT              The risk of breakdown is a growing
now sagging. CIOs face two pressing         resilience to other programmes of work      concern for financial regulators around
priorities, namely how to understand        as they have expanded, merged and           the world and has put resilience squarely
and manage the risks of their existing      sought to offer new services.               back on the agenda. As a result, some
IT infrastructure (including the                                                        banks are actively reviewing their IT
outsourced components) and how              Complexity is compounded by limited         services and the controls around them
to make sure the required investment        understanding of the complete IT            in anticipation of increased focus from
delivers maximum value (for                 landscape, which makes it harder to         customers, regulators and investors.
the customer franchise and for              gain a clear view of the impact of IT
shareholders). This article explores        changes. This lack of visibility prevents   The risks surrounding payments
dependency risks, including vendor          the development of effective IT             highlight the broader IT issues.
and contractor management, system           resilience solutions, allows single         Complexity is of course, unavoidable
complexity and the relationship             points of failure to creep into services    in any global payment system as these
between reducing complexity and             and contributes to IT service outage as     typically support multiple mechanisms,
managing risk and extracting value          the impact of changes cannot be fully       products and customers.
from the IT infrastructure to benefit       assessed. Further tensions are coming
the end customer and organisation.          from the ever increasing pressure to
                                            deliver more IT changes faster.
So why is payments infrastructure now
in the spotlight? This is a vital part      The pressure of demand is also
of the economic fabric. Yet in many         growing. This includes increases
countries, this delicate ecosystem is       in real-time (or near real-time)
in a fragile state as it seeks to contend   data transfers between IT systems,
with the strains of age, under-             combined with a reduction in buffer
investment and increasing demands           capacity (from data growth). This
(e.g. faster payments, SEPA etc.).          pressure can create data concurrency
Piecemeal upgrades, connecting with         risks, which are highly sensitive to
other systems following mergers             changes in business rules, IT interfaces
and use of third party suppliers have       and IT failure events. Assessing these
created complex ‘spaghetti-like’            changes requires both business and
mechanisms that are expensive to            IT analysts to appraise and approve
manage and maintain and only                modifications and upgrades.

                                                                          PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking      9
Figure 1.2 Dependency risks
      Customers

                                                                                                                                                                           High Impact Outage
      Processes

                                                           Core Banking                       Payments                     Incorrect payments to customers
      Applications

                                  App1                          App2                       Impact to App15                 Misaligned data between systems

                                                                                                                                Incident , Problem ,
                                                               Impact
                                                                                                                           Alerting, Availabilty, performance

                                                                                                                                        Change ,

                                                                                                                                                                (eg. IT Management
                        Impact                            Impact                               Impact
      Resource Layers

                                                                                                                                     Configuration ,

                                                                                                                                                                    Control risks
                                                                                                                                                                     Processes)
                                                                                                                                   Testing , Lifecycle,
                                 Impact                             Impact                                                      Data Integration, Recovery,
                                                                                                                                   Capacity Buffers ,
                                                                                                                                    Disaster Recovery,
                                                                                                                                         Security
                        Data centre infrastructure            IT teams                        Vendors

                                                     Single point sensitive risks                                               Framework, KPI risks

     Source: PwC

     Managing IT                                                 Before considering what is needed to               monitoring systems and clear remedia-
     dependency risks                                            limit contractor/vendor dependency                 tion plans that would allow appropriately
     The immediate challenge is how to                           risks, it is important to map the bank’s           skilled bank staff to regain control
     identify and tackle weaknesses. At                          core payment infrastructure (engine,               quickly if necessary.
     present, risk management frameworks                         gateway and sanctions checker)
                                                                 to their end-to-end payment flow.                  Banks will also need to focus on how
     do not always provide management
     with accurate or telling information.                                                                          to anticipate and review potential risks,
                                                                 The bank can then gain a clearer                   how strong are their levers of control
     This makes it harder to identify and
                                                                 picture of the critical nature of their            and how they are being operated as
     tackle IT risks.
                                                                 peripheral systems and processes
                                                                                                                    part of overall IT resilience manage-
                                                                 (e.g. channels, bulk splitters, payment
     One of the most difficult challenges                                                                           ment. We have carried out a study of
                                                                 warehouses, XML converters). Only
     is how to take account of the impact                        then can the appropriate type and                  practices adopted by major organisations
     of multiple dependencies. Figure 1.2                        level of contractor/vendor management              across a range of sectors and identified
     highlights common dependency risks.                         be applied. Ways of strengthening                  three key categories of practices,
     These risks can coalesce to cause high                      resilience might include bringing                  with nine organising principles for
     impact failures in business critical                        vendor staff and operations within the             managing vendors and contractors
     processes. A minor change or problem                        organisation rather than outsourcing               (see Figure 1.3). These translate into
     in one infrastructure component can                         critical processes. Another option                 seven key drivers for managing
     have a severe knock on impact if it                         would be implementing end-to-end                   successful vendor relationships.
     impinges on additional weaknesses in
     IT controls and IT risk management                          Figure 1.3 Organising principles used in understanding the vendor/contractor management relationship
     further down the line. While third
     party specialists can provide innova-                       Establishing and     1 Common                 2 Nature of                3 Mutually sustainable
                                                                 maintaining            targets                  relationship               outcomes
     tive and insightful solutions, their
                                                                 relationships
     presence can add to complexities and
                                                                 Implementing         4 Relationship           5 Risk &                   6 Responsibility &
     interdependencies within the IT
                                                                 levers of controls     management               control                    accountability
     infrastructure, making the manage-                          and influence
     ment of vendors and contractors a
                                                                 Making it            7 Planning &             8 Resources:               9 Performance
     key area for risk management focus.                         work                   responsiveness           capability, capacity       management
                                                                                        to unplanned events      & flexibility

                                                                 Source: PwC

10           PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
At the heart of this framework is the         Figure 1.4 Key drivers for managing successful vendor relationships in a composite model of excellence
need for more co-ordinated purchasing
and consistency in the management              Number of contractors   12 or less per business     Difficult to maintain deep   Bank needs to manage
and review of third-party services.                                    Less than 4 per high        working relationships        contractor development
                                                                       impact category             with too many contractors    programme consistently
Streamlining vendor services is also                                                               and will spread staff        over time Relationship
crucial as an excess of suppliers is                                                               too thinly                   needs high level exe-
difficult to manage. Underpinning this                                                                                          cutive sponsorship, clear
                                                                                                                                targets, retained multi-
is the need for high level sponsorship to                                                                                       functional team and time
make sure the resilience of third-party                                                                                         to drive the relationship
systems is a sufficient priority within
                                               Relationship length     10 years +                  Takes time to translate      Contractor needs to hear
the bank and recognised as critical
                                               (not contract length)                               corporate intent into        the same message from the
to the relationship and resulting                                                                  ways of working              bank regardless of where
revenues by the supplier.                                                                                                       across different levels
                                                                                                                                relationship sari held

Reducing complexity                            Impact on supplier      Within top 5                To ensure appropriate        Prevent maverick or
                                               business (actual or                                 level of influence to        non-compliant purchases
The critical nature of payment systems         intended)                                           get the right resources      through consistent
mean that banks often replace elements                                                             and investment can           internal messaging
of their IT infrastructure with vendor                                                             be applied
solutions in a piecemeal way. They may
                                               Sourcing type           Sole but not                Retain alternatives to       Contractor aware of wider
even decide part way through imple-                                    single source               reduce risk, but provide     commitment as a result
mentation to keep particular parts of                                                              contractor with sufficient   of sole sourcing, but
                                                                                                   commercial certainty         aware of consequences
the legacy system to deal with bespoke
                                                                                                   to forecast likely demand    for underperformance
processes. This approach exacerbates
the fragmented understanding of the            Invasiveness of         Highly invasive and         To enable informed           Bank needs to view the
complete landscape. Layers of complex-         inspection / audit /    rigorous                    benchmarking and             audits as a business
                                               assessments                                         ensure commitments           asset – dependent on
ity are added when legacy systems                                                                  are complied with.           leadership commitment
are excluded from improvement                                                                      To establish message         and ability to execute
programmes to help speed up delivery                                                               that verification will
                                                                                                   follow trust
and reduce cost.
                                               Training, systems,      Mandated by bank with       Consistent way of            Banks need to demonstrate
Unfortunately this complexity means            standards and           some shared IT platforms.   working to reduce            compliance with their own
                                               reporting               Reporting and data          uncertainty and              standards – demonstrating
that as banks look at how to strengthen                                integrity built into        promote efficiencies         to vendors that they will
confidence in payments and gear systems                                contractual requirements    over time                    follow their own rules
to increasing demands, the point at which                              and operational ways                                     and standards and non-
                                                                       of working                                               compliance will not
it is easy to address these problems has                                                                                        be allowed
passed. On-going upgrades and mainten-
ance to the infrastructure are expensive       Common industry         Banking typically benefits Helps level the playing
                                               standards               from a high level of       field in terms of cost
and only achieve a preservation of
                                                                       regulation and standard of compliance
the status quo. The effort of meeting                                  setting – however
new regulatory requirements, which                                     implementation and
                                                                       execution of the standards
continue to emerge, needs to be
                                                                       may vary across banks.
increasingly manual as systems                                         Not all vendors may be
struggle to keep up, further inflating                                 subject to the same
                                                                       level of regulation
costs. Investment is therefore vital.

The alternatives to a multi-year              Source: PwC
improvement programme – e.g. hosted
service provision, joint venture to
deliver payments infrastructure, full
transaction outsourcing – are used by
some of the smaller banks. But these
are not seen as a viable solution for their
larger counterparts. A shift from tactical
to strategic investment is therefore
required to put payments infrastructure
onto a sustainable footing.

                                                                                    PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking                     11
Winning CIOs enable the                                 Figure 1.5 Technology investments are needed to move organisations to a lower target
                                                             cost curve and enable greater customer-centric capabilities at a competitive cost
     business capabilities needed
     to achieve customer centricity                                                      High                                                       Unsustainable
                                                                                                                                                     cost curve
     at a lower cost – by investing
     in a scalable and robust                                                                                                                                                  3

                                                               Total cost of ownership
     technology environment
     Just being customer-centric is not a
     sustainable competitive advantage,                                                                                                                             Target cost curve
     because any organisation can become                                                                  1                        2
     customer-centric. The real differentiator
     is enabling customer-centric capabilities
     faster and more cost-effectively than
     your competitors.                                                                    Low                         Customer-centric capability                               High

     Growing the business without increas-                        1                       In order to move to the target cost curve, leading organisations make strategic investments
     ing costs faster than revenue may be a                                               in a flexible architecture and robust technology foundation. These investments pay dividends
                                                                                          in the longer-term, even though tactical investments may present quicker and cheaper
     challenge if the institution’s technology                                            options in the short term.
     foundation is not flexible. Establishing
     foundational capabilities – such as a                        2                       An inflection point occurs where investments in foundational capabilities begin to
                                                                                          pay dividends. Additional customer-centric capabilities may be delivered while
     flexible architecture and single view of                                             maintaining margins.
     the customer – allows for the extension
     of IT capabilities to enable new,
     customer-centric business capabilities                       3                       Without the early investment, an inflexible architecture and “waxy build-up” within the
                                                                                          technology stack put organisations on an unsustainable cost curve, eventually making
     while still maintaining profits.                                                     it cost-prohibitive to deliver additional customer-centric capabilities.

     Source: PwC March 22, 2012, FSViewpoints: If They’re Happy, Do You Know It? - The CIO’s Agenda in Improving Customer Centricity at Financial Institutions

     Whether banks want to overhaul their                    payment infrastructure. This approach                                        Where a feature remains critical
     payment infrastructure or need to take                  is equally beneficial whether the                                            it should obviously be preserved.
     a more pragmatic incremental approach,                  existing systems are being gradually                                         Where there are multiple features
     they need to approach the challenge                     upgraded or completely replaced. The                                         doing broadly the same thing in slightly
     with the same objectives: Simplification                advantages include increased flexibility                                     different ways, the simplest should be
     and transparency to address the                         and sustainability as the environment                                        preserved and the others standardised.
     complexity challenge.                                   becomes easier to understand and                                             If the original reasons for a feature
                                                             cheaper to change and manage. It is                                          are no longer valid, it should be
     Leading banks are seeking to simplify                   time to consider the presence of all                                         discarded as soon as possible.
     their systems in a systematic and                       bolt-on functionality layered on over
     consistent way across the whole of the                  the years and ask: ‘Is it still needed?’

     Simplification and transparency are key objectives to addressing the
     complexity of IT change. Central to any change is the ability to develop
     more customer centric IT infrastructure.

12     PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
Figure 1.6 Focusing technology on customer needs

A proper technology foundation and basic, customer-service-enabling capabilities have become table stakes in the financial services industry.
Getting ahead of the curve means going beyond traditional IT capabilities.
How well is your technology enabling a customer-centric business?

                                                                                                                                                           e
                                                                                                                                                        rv
                                                                                                                                                    cu
                • Can you track customer sentiment online by being engaged in social media and mining data with text analytics?
 information
   Business

                                                                                                                                                    e
                • Do you have advanced analytics and predictive modeling capabilities to predict and test customer behavior?

                                                                                                                                                  th
                • Do customer-facing employees have access to all customer interactions and preferences in all channels?

                                                                                                                                              of
                • Are customers segmented beyond demographics?

                                                                                                                                              d
                                                                                                                                           ea
                                                                                                                                         Ah
                • Does your technology landscape support multi-channel integration?
 Technology

                • Is there a true single view of the customer across all business units?
  solutions

                • Can customers customise their Web Portal experience and have access to online help
                  with rich functionality, and click to-chat?
                                                                                                                                  es
                • Is mobile access for customers and employees enabling a better service experience?
                                                                                                                              tak
                • Are your management decision cycles bogged down in bureaucracy?                                           s
                                                                                                                        e
                                                                                                                   bl
 IT operating

                • Do legacy IT systems create an overly complex IT environment that prevents capability
    model

                  delivery in a timely manner or at a reasonable cost?                                           Ta
                • Are all employees offered incentives to drive customer satisfaction results?

Source: PwC March 22, 2012, FSViewpoints: If They’re Happy, Do You Know It?
- The CIO’s Agenda in Improving Customer Centricity at Financial Institutions

Smart use of data is critical to managing                       to enhance insight and generate                             Extracting value for the end
for performance – getting closer to                             cross-selling opportunities in areas                        customer and organisation
customers and enhancing revenues –                              such as hedging and working capital                         From a competitive perspective, bank
while reducing the burden of complying                          management.                                                 payments are at risk of becoming
with regulations. Legacy payment                                                                                            a commodity service that smarter
ecosystems often capture the bare                               When investing in payment infrast-                          companies use to their advantage
minimum amount of information                                   ructure, planning to enrich the data                        (see Figure 1.6). Retailers are offering
required to execute a payment and                               capture and processing capabilities to                      an ever wider range of banking
are not structured in a way to support                          allow for greater transparency should                       products to consumers, using their
greater transparency of underlying                              be a key strategic aim. This will be                        expertise in customer insight and
data. It is then difficult to develop an                        extremely difficult for some legacy                         analytics to plan market entry, target
aggregate view across all payments to                           platforms, and will need to be                              customers and maximise the chances
spot trends and develop a comprehensive,                        delivered incrementally. Delivered                          of success7. Figure 1.7 highlights how
customer centric view of payments                               strategically, the investment will                          banks can address the key IT issues
transactions. This is a lost opportunity                        yield broad reaching benefits.                              from a customer-centric perspective.

7. http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2012/jul/18/marks-spencer-bank-current-account

                                                                                                     PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking              13
Moreover, technology companies are            Figure 1.7 Addressing the key issues from a customer-centric perspective
     using their IT skills and brands to
                                                    Issues to address     Technology implications
     position themselves between the banks
     and consumers to gain control of that          Legacy systems        Application rationalisation and a move towards a service-oriented architecture
     crucial, and lucrative, relationship8.         (waxy buildup)        are 1) required to keep pace with the technological change that is necessary
     Although currently mainly a threat to                                to respond to customer needs. 2) reduce time-to-market for new products,
                                                                          and 3) reduce operating costs in order to divert funds to discretionary spend
     consumer banking services, emerging                                  that can be used to please the customer.
     payment hubs and supply chain
     collaboration through multinational            Single view of        Achieving a single view of the customer requires a single source of truth for each
                                                    the customer          piece of customer data, which can then be integrated and utilised, preferably
     company portals offer opportunities to
                                                                          as a service, by all applications that use and update customer information.
     augment corporate client services and                                Proper data architecture and governance are necessary to maintain the integrity
     relationships. These would provide                                   of all customer integration. A comprehensive information strategy may pave
                                                                          the way.
     the insights banks need to regain
     the competitive initiative from the
                                                    Integrated            All channels should be able to access the information contained in the single
     new entrants.                                  multi-channel         view of the customer in a way that ultimately presents customer data to end
                                                                          users in a consistent format. Updates across channels should automatically
                                                                          update the master customer record and be architected so that inconsistencies
     A platform for innovation                                            cannot be created in the record by utilising master data management.
     So if sustaining payments infrastructure
     is a challenge for many banks, it is also      Customer              Analytical capabilities to segment customers beyond traditional techniques
                                                    segmentation          should be in a place. Understanding individual customers’ decision processess,
     a competitive opportunity for those
                                                                          behavioral characteristics, and likelihood to buy are all paramount to effectively
     that put simplicity, transparency and                                managing the consumer base and providing tailored customer experience.
     customer insight at the top of their
     investment agenda. The result will             Data                  Recent data security breaches at several institutions have had severe
     be a more flexible and controllable            security              consequences in terms of customer satisfaction. Sensitive information is
                                                                          exposed, existing customer confidence is shaken, while potential customers
     platform, which will be better able                                  who question a company’s ability to keep their information private are
     to meet changing regulatory require-                                 likely to look elsewhere for products and services.
     ments and ensure that banks can
     respond to evolving customer
                                                   Source: PwC
     expectations with confidence.

     8. http://www.finextra.com/News/Fullstory.aspx?newsitemid=24062

14     PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
Maximising return on regulatory
investment
A wave of new payments and securities regulation is creating huge                                    Holistic approach
implementation demands on banks. But these regulations could also                                    For many banks, simply getting over
accelerate market developments in areas ranging from electronic transfer                             the regulatory implementation line
to more competition in the settlements market and new business models in                             is the main priority. But a reactive
the custody market. Smart banks are going to be looking at how to turn                               approach that addresses each new
investment in compliance to their competitive advantage by using it                                  regulation in isolation can be need-
to help serve customers more effectively.                                                            lessly costly and disruptive. It could
                                                                                                     also be operationally unsustainable
                                                                                                     given the cumulative scale of the
Governments and regulators have set                   As we outline in this article, we believe
                                                                                                     changes. So we believe that it is
their sights on banks as they seek to                 there are two key principles to consider
                                                                                                     important to look at the developments
take a stronger grip on potential                     when addressing regulatory change:
                                                                                                     in the round to avoid duplication
systemic risk and make it easier,                     1. Approach regulatory change                  and unnecessary costs.
cheaper and quicker for businesses                       holistically to avoid duplication
and consumers to transfer money                          and unnecessary costs, and                  Using this holistic approach to the
domestically and internationally.
                                                      2. Keep customer needs and improved            evaluation and implementation of
A further priority is how to make
                                                         customer service at the heart of all        new regulations as the starting point,
economically vital payments
                                                         change efforts to deliver value             Figure 1.8 outlines some of the key
infrastructure safer and more secure.
                                                         beyond pure compliance.                     considerations for budgets, business
Similarly, new regulation is putting
                                                                                                     model evaluation and regulatory
pressure on existing infrastructure,
                                                                                                     lobbying in the payments field.
operations and business models
                                                                                                     Banks are going to have to make a
within the custody market.
                                                                                                     considerable amount of investment to
                                                                                                     meet the new compliance demands,
                                                                                                     so making sure the new systems and
                                                                                                     capabilities can be channelled into
                                                                                                     meeting customer demands and
                                                                                                     developing new markets is going to
                                                                                                     be the most effective use of resources.

Figure 1.8 Deal with regulation holistically

   Budget                                                                       Influencing
                                                                                regulators

               • The biggest use of budget for the next 3-5 years                         • Understanding the impacts in sufficient detail to lobby
               • Efficiency – “Do it once”                                                  in the right areas, in the right way, and at the right time
               • Timings                                                                  • Ensuring group and individual business line impacts
               • Align with other ongoing projects                                          and lobbying views are appropriately aligned globally

   Identifying                                                                  Ensure on-time
   future business                                                              compliance
   model
              • With large scale reforms re-shaping the market,                           • Pricing is affected e.g. pricing models for Euro Banking
                firms are looking to ensure they are well placed both                       Association (EBA) versus Target 2 in the Eurozone or
                operationally and commercially as regulations                               faster payments versus CHAPS in the UK
                come into force                                                           • Parts of the business are front-running others with
              • Ensuring the firm’s business model is sustainable and                       respect to regulatory response
                tailored to take account of the changing market                           • Senior management discomfort over extent of change
                                                                                            and internal responses

Source: PwC

                                                                                    PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking                      15
Figure 1.9 Identifying and capitalising on the opportunities

                   Assess                        Budget
                                                 Design                         Construct
                                                                                 Budget                          Implement                    Operate and Review

       Assess current approaches
                                         Determine governance             Design your approach                Execute projects                  Maintain focus on
        to regulation and impacts
                                               approach                      to the changes                  and make strategic                  reforms in BAU
             of regulation on
                                                                                                                 decisions
              the business

     • Meetings with the business     • Gaining a view of:            • Based on the outcomes of       • Creation of project initiation   • Delivery of governance and
       and support functions to       - committee structures,           the heat-maps, designing a       documents to provide a             projects in a business as
       understand how regulation      - working groups,                 thematic approach to the         basis for delivery                 usual environment
       is currently approached        - current projects,               regulations                    • Execution of projects            • Ensuring the approach to
     • Creation of a ‘regulatory      - key stakeholders              • This approach allows similar   • Project reporting into the         regulatory change remains
       inventory’ covering the        • Determining the appropriate     changes to be made               steering committee allows          proportionate over time,
       reforms impacting the firm’s     governance model to ‘fit’       together                         options to be considered           scaling projects up/down
       businesses                       within the firm’s current     • By approaching regulation        and strategic decisions            based on regulatory
     • Assessment of the impact         structure                       on a theme basis, there is       to be made                         timelines and priorities
       of these regulations on the    • Formalising a sustainable       reduced risk of duplication                                       • Providing the business with
       business and support             decision making framework       of effort, and ensures                                              the capability to review
       functions                      • Identifying resources to        changes are made                                                    upcoming regulation and
                                        deliver the structure           efficiently                                                         integrate them into BAU

     Source: PwC

     As we explored in the previous article,                evaluation of new regulation and
     most payment systems have been built                   subsequent response is therefore
     up over time, creating a highly complex                mapping the end-to-end payment
     and poorly understood business and                     flows, segmented by payment product
     technological infrastructure. While                    and customer type (retail, corporate
     investment is needed to meet new                       and investment bank). This will
     requirements such as SEPA and address                  provide the foundation for an
     regulatory concerns over IT resilience,                opportunity assessment and aligning
     it can also be channelled into                         investment in new systems and
     improving customer insight and                         capabilities with the performance
     experience. As Figure 1.9 highlights,                  drivers within managing for
     a key foundation for the impact                        performance.

16     PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
Dealing with market                           Figure 1.10 Key regulatory changes in the payments space and implications for banks
transformation and divergent
customer needs                                New regulations will have competitive as well as operational implications and will need to form a key part of
                                              strategic evaluation and planning. This includes identifying the opportunities.
In some cases, the sheer volume of new
regulation is fundamentally changing           Regulatory aim                       Force / Regulation                  Implications for banks
the market and it may not be enough to
                                               Speed up payments                    Payment Services                    Next day and same day transfer
simply address regulation holistically.        Directive (PSD)/                     (Faster Payment Service in UK)
Payments and custody (as illustrated           Single European
by Figures 1.10 and 1.11 respectively)         Payments Area (SEPA)
are good examples of areas experiencing        Make cross-border                    PSD/SEPA                            Pressure on costs of transfer/
significant and market-changing                payments easier and                                                      Greater cross-border
regulation. Designing change to                cheaper                                                                  standardisation
address regulatory compliance                  Open up market                       E-Money Directive                   Advance mobile payments/
requirements based on the commercial           by allowing e-money                                                      digital wallets
imperatives of the old market runs             providers to offer
                                               payment services
the risk of building a business that is
completely unsuited to the competitive         Promote greater                      SEPA                                More non-bank entrants/
requirements of the new landscape.             competition                          Account Switching                   Pressure on costs of transfer
                                                                                    Solution in UK
In such cases, banks will need to look
at which customers they want to serve          Simpler account switching            Account Switching                   Switch within seven days/
and how, taking into consideration                                                  Solution in UK                      Guaranteed re-direction of
scale, customer needs and likely returns.                                                                               payments/£650–£850 million
                                                                                                                        investment 9
For many, the results of this evaluation
are likely to lead to a fundamental            Ring-fence payments                  Recovery and                        Operational separation between
shift in the business model for custody                                             resolution plans                    retail and investment arms/
                                                                                    Higher operational costs            (‘living wills’)/Board G-SIFIs/
business (the impact of new regulation                                              Financial Stability                 Independent Commission on
in the FI market is further explored                                                                                    Banking (ICB) in UK
in the ‘Understanding customer
                                               Control systemic risk                Basel Committee on                  Identify, manage and control
needs’ section).
                                               Payment and                          the risks of high value tiered
                                               Settlement Systems                   payments systems (examples
                                                                                    include CHAPS in the UK)/
Strengthening                                                                       Encourage large indirect
customer service                                                                    participants to become
In addition to considering change                                                   direct participants

holistically, it is also important to
                                               Bolster tax revenues                 EU Financial                        Greater scrutiny leading
keep customer needs and improved               possible interruption and            US Financial Account                to possible
customer service at the heart of all           alteration of payments inflight      Tax Compliance Act
changes. This will allow banks to                                                   (FATCA)

gain the competitive payback from
their investment in compliance.               Source: PwC

9. Payments Council media release, 15.09.11

                                                                                    PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking                     17
Figure 1.11 Key regulatory changes in the custody and clearing space and implications for banks

      Force / Regulation     Description of impact                   Likely Scenarios                            Implications for banks

      T2S                    • T2S is a settlement platform being    • T2S will happen but not be mandatory      • A number of institutions are actively involved
                               built and owned by the ECB            • It may be late due to technical and         in moving the project forward
                               (European Central Bank)                 non-technical reasons                     • Some European competition looking at
                             • Due to go live in Sept 2014           • It will unify settlement, but corporate     providing T2S solutions to clients
                             • Unifies settlement across countries     actions, dividends and tax will be less   • Others just beginning to consider the issue at all
                                                                       harmonised due to contracts/legal         • Not all are convinced of the value T2S will add
                                                                       differences in differences in
                                                                       issuing countries

      Exchange               • LSE / TX Merger February 2011         • NYSE/DB merger will proceed and           • Not currently seen as a major issue.
      consolidation          • DB / NYSE proposed merger               include Clearstream (50:50 chance)          This may change once greater clarity emerges
                               announced March 2011

      CSD competition        • Increasing downward pressure          • ICSD agency outsourcing for notary        • Leading players see the benefit in
      and consolidation        on revenue which may be                 function on issuer services is likely       becoming a CSD
                               accelerated by T2S                      to stop                                   • Acquisitions not being widely considered
                             • Additional expenses to be             • Continued migration of international
                               incurred, connecting to T2S             issues from ICSDs to CSDs
                             • Positioning further up the
                               value chain

      Increased need         • Increased regulatory requirement      • Independent central bank liquidity        • All included in the sample have identified this
      for collateral           for Collateral as transactions move     arrangements will cease                     area as an opportunity and client need
                               on exchange                             (i.e. the end of cheap money)             • Broker dealer community most advanced and
                             • High quality collateral likely to     • Banks are looking to collateral             have the most to gain
                               be in short supply leading to:          services to compensate for a decline      • Wider recognition that for most institutions,
                             - Transformation                          in OTC derivative revenue                   existing technology and silo organisational
                             - Immobilisation                        • Potential for business to migrate to        structures not fit for purpose
                             - Globalisation                           Europe post July 2011 and prior           • A few institutions are looking at establishing
                                                                       to the implementation of EMIR               direct custody presence in selected markets.
                                                                                                                   Most, however, will continue to rely on an
                                                                                                                   agent network

     Source: PwC

     A clear case in point is the shift to a              industry of mobile payments and
     single cross-border payment network10,               advertising11. Businesses are now
     which will provide companies with                    following the retail market in looking
     an opportunity to consolidate their                  to take advantage of the ease of mobile
     invoicing and collections onto a single              payment. Again, banks can use this as
     platform. For banks, this is an opportunity          an opportunity to collect and analyse
     to provide clients with more integrated              data, both for their own needs and to
     and real-time information. Banks that                provide insights for their customers.
     are geared up to supporting their
     clients in centralising collections and
     channelling the funds will also benefit
                                                          Coming through stronger
     from a significant upturn in transaction             Regulation is spurring a lot of market
     flows. Further opportunities include                 change and development quite aside
     the promotion of contactless and                     from the direct compliance requirements.
     mobile payments as part of the                       A properly co-ordinated and strategically-
     E-Money Directive, which has helped                  aligned approach to the new regulations
     to accelerate the development of what                would help banks to take advantage of
     Eric Schmidt, Chairman of Google,                    the commercial opportunities opened
     believes will be a ‘trillion dollar’                 up by these developments.

     10. Single European Payments Area (SEPA) direct debit requirements are being introduced. By February 2014, domestic transactions within the Eurozone
         will need to move over to an International Bank Account Number (IBAN) based system. The UK is due to follow by 2017.
     11. Financial Times, 22.06.11.

18     PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
Section 2:
A model for performance
management

Article                            Brief synopsis
Performance management:            Many transaction banks are suffering
getting straight to what matters   from too much information and too
                                   little focus. We believe focusing on the
                                   right balance of important performance
                                   drivers and recognising the critical role
                                   behaviour plays are the key to managing
                                   performance. Core drivers in the areas
                                   of operational efficiency, value and
                                   control are explored in more detail.
                                   We also consider the impact of different
                                   organisational structures on performance
                                   management and behaviours and
                                   opportunities for increasing revenues.

Understanding customer needs       Sources of value differ significantly by
                                   segment. We explore the emerging
                                   needs of key segments: changing SME
                                   expectations and the impact of the
                                   digital tipping point; the multiple
                                   buying points emerging from credit
                                   disintermediation in the corporate
                                   segment and the evolving business
                                   models and pricing structures emerging
                                   in the financial institutions segment.

                                            PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking   19
Performance management:
     getting straight to what matters
     At a time when banks are facing a raft of new regulations and changes in
     customer demand, transaction banking activities could make a significant
     difference to returns. One of the keys to fulfilling this potential is a more
     streamlined and coordinated approach to identifying and pulling the
     key performance levers of the business.

     Transaction banks are constantly            Framework for performance
     under pressure to cut costs and boost       management
     revenues. But performance often             Leading banks are developing sharper
     suffers from a lack of clarity and          ways to define value and improve
     precision in what actually creates value    performance. This approach is built
     and how these drivers can be managed        around the clearer identification of the
     to meet cost and revenue targets. What      key performance drivers and alignment
     banks are missing out on could have         of these with the strategic processes
     a significant impact on group returns.      and critical behaviours needed to
     By way of illustration, for one client,     deliver value.
     effective performance management of
     the transaction bank has the potential
     to generate up to a 16% increase            What are the key
     in group revenues and an 8–10%              performance drivers?
     reduction in group operating costs.1        We define an effective performance
                                                 driver as something that:
     So why are banks finding it difficult to    • has a meaningful influence
     manage for performance? It is not that        over a situation
     banks lack information. The problem         • is measurable
     is stripping this down to what really
     matters – the small but decisive set of     • management has a degree of
     drivers that deliver value and the levers     control over, i.e. that management
     that influence the value. This includes       can do something about.
     what customers value, the processes
     needed to meet their needs and the
     behaviour and incentives within             These performance drivers or levers
     the organisation, which that optimise       can be influenced by management to
     performance. It is our view that better     enhance performance and profitability,
     alignment with customer value will          be this reduced cost or increased revenue.
     also result in improved commercial/         This could range from insights into
     shareholder returns.                        client needs and how effectively
                                                 these have been met, to the efficient
                                                 use of staff time or the level of
                                                 standardisation and automation
                                                 in a particular process.

     1. PwC Analysis of company accounts

20     PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking
Figure 2.1 Performance drivers can be identified through various lenses – there are pros and cons of each

                                              Performance drivers                   Metrics                               Examples of performance drivers

 Product revenue and cost drivers             Unlocks an understanding of the       Contributed key revenue and cost      •   Cost by type and process
                                              underlying drivers of value or        metrics and highlighted metrics       •   Time to market
 Highlights the key synergies
                                              product performance, i.e. the         related to underlying drivers         •   Level of value-added pricing
 between products in terms of
                                              underlying drivers of cost and        (e.g. efficiency metrics, service     •   Standardisation
 revenue and cost components
                                              revenue, e.g. SLAs, process           quality, etc.) and the importance     •   Innovation score
                                              efficiency, service, etc.             of synergies across products          •   STP
                                                                                                                          •   Product penetration

 Customer (including sector and               Highlights the importance of          Informs key metrics – particularly    • Customer share of wallet
 segment) drivers                             taking a client-centric perspective   those focused on product              • Engagement score
                                              to understanding value, i.e.          development and service and           • Customer retention levels
 Illuminates the key drivers of client need
                                              understanding client, market,         operations to ensure a client-          and customer drift
 across different sectors and segments
                                              competitors – the external            centric measurement of                • Trusted adviser status
 to inform solution development
                                              environment                           performance                           • Customer profitability

 Strategic processes across                   Identifies detailed performance       Consists of a range of operational    •   Revenue , profit, operating JAWS
 business dimensions                          drivers across business dimensions    efficiency, control and quality       •   Cross-sell ratio
 Provides a detailed view of performance      – these were grouped across           (including customer) metrics across   •   Market share
 drivers across different dimensions of the   the strategic processes               business processes central to         •   Operational losses
 business – highlighting the importance       and refined                           delivering value to clients           •   % of key processes automated
 of cross-functional cooperation                                                                                          •   % variance to agreed SLA
                                                                                                                          •   Staff and infrastructure utilisation
                                                                                                                          •   % of value adding activities
                                                                                                                              within major core processes

Source: PwC

Although performance drivers are                     Cross-sale opportunities                               The customer drivers may differ
likely to be similar across banks and                However, simply focusing on products                   significantly according to the particular
across product areas, the specific                   will not allow the bank to identify and                segment and can result in very different
business, organisational and operating               capitalise on the all-important cross-                 cost to serve models. This is explored
model and the selected customer                      selling opportunities. It may also                     in more detail in a subsequent article
segments being served can have a                                                                            on understanding customer needs
                                                     encourage teams to operate in narrow
significant impact on which drivers                                                                         on pages 27 to 35. Figure 2.1 sets out
                                                     silos. Therefore, it is important to take
have the most influence on business
                                                     account of the drivers of revenue and                  examples of typical categories of
performance.
                                                     cost at a customer level. At times this                customer drivers.
Performance drivers can be identified                requires considering indirect revenue
                                                     drivers. Examples might include                        Although customer drivers can help
by understanding what drives revenues
and costs at a product level. To illustrate          identifying what creates closer                        identify what is important in driving
this, Figure 2.1 sets out examples of                engagement, which has been shown                       revenue, it does not always translate
typical product cost and revenue drivers.            to increase revenue and profitability.                 neatly into key management areas
                                                                                                            of focus as it is difficult to see the
                                                                                                            end-to-end impact on the business
                                                                                                            and how to manage in existing
                                                                                                            functional structures.

                                                                                          PwC Managing for performance Transaction Banking                      21
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