Mahlab Report 2017 PRIVATE PRACTICE - AUSTRALIA - INTERNATIONAL - Mahlab Recruitment
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Introduction 1 Partners 6 Private Practice Lawyers 9 International 15 All artwork reproduced with the kind permission of the artist, Bill Sampson www.billsampson.net Figures contained within tables in this survey have been rounded to the nearest $500 and are quoted in local currency. © Mahlab Recruitment (Vic) Pty Ltd 2017 © Mahlab Recruitment (NSW) Pty Ltd 2017 www.mahlab.com.au
Mahlab Report 2017 The Mahlab Report is a leading source of insight for employers and professionals into Australia’s legal industry. The Mahlab Report is recognised for its in-depth information about the legal profession, employment experiences, trends and remuneration tables. The Mahlab Report has always been informed by a unique mix of industry knowledge, research and KEY FINDINGS discussions with clients and lawyers, with the aim of producing a useful, accessible guide for the Value and innovation legal profession. An increasingly savvy and demanding corporate client We interviewed clients and lawyers and engaged group, and investment in technology and innovation in discussion groups, which enabled us to source are the key elements driving the growth and speed information more widely from the legal profession of the legal profession this year. Corporates are about work conditions, remuneration and demanding faster and cheaper solutions from their emerging trends. law firm panel members but also expect innovation and business partnering. Competition on price and We thank our consultants for their service, including value-adds, is more ferocious than commitment, work and effort in providing ever; innovation is the catch-cry of corporations in quality search services to our clients and in their demands of law firms. assisting lawyers with career management Corporates have also led the way in their use of and placement services. Their efforts and work technology and a nimble work force, with a high have enabled the discussions regarding the take-up of technology to track external spend and manage process in compliance, litigation and legal profession, employment experiences, transactional work and the employment on a needs trends and remuneration which have informed basis of contract, secondee, part time and flexible the Mahlab Report 2017. staff. While law firms are also investing heavily in new technologies, many still struggle with flexibility We thank all contributors for their frank perspectives of resourcing, the formation of contract labour and the generosity with which they have shared subsidiaries notwithstanding. their information and experiences. It is this first- hand information that has equipped us to produce Outsourcing of legal process by mid sized and larger industry relevant reports that not only inform but also firms and companies with a sophisticated in-house legal function is now the norm. challenge best practice. Corporates are retaining more and better work We invite you to join the social media conversation in-house. The trend is for only very specialised and about #MahlabReport2017 by following very large transactions and litigation to be outsourced, @MahlabLegal or connecting with us on LinkedIn. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 1
Introduction generally to the larger firms. Not surprisingly, firms Legally qualified individuals are becoming more of all sizes report a decrease in work flow outside deeply embedded in the company, not only in these categories (and even within, as competition for legal and company secretary roles but also risk, each matter is heavy), although small firms may still compliance and regulatory. The general counsel role retain high volume, low margin work from a corporate has in many instances expanded to encompass client. Private practice ‘winners’ are those firms with other service areas such as governance, corporate clients not large enough to hire their own lawyers – affairs and insurance. Company secretarial yet. Government continues to provide a steady work recruitment has been stable. flow to panel firms, albeit at lower hourly rates. As opportunities change and develop in the corporate New entrants, including US firms, have disrupted the world, the path to partnership is slower than ever. local market particularly in Sydney and Melbourne. Disgruntled senior associates, while paid well, are Well-established global firms (themselves newcomers more inclined than ever to explore ‘loss-leader’ career only five years ago) are facing aggressive competition choices in government and in-house law. Senior for their partners, many of whom have moved to new associates (and partners) are also more motivated global entrants with deep pockets. than ever to explore careers outside the law. Firms feel pressured not only to cut their fees, but The market has responded favourably, with senior also to provide secondees, CLE, entertainment lawyers being regarded as highly attractive candidates and engagement opportunities for their in-house for non-executive directorships, CEO and senior counsel clients. At the same time, corporates are government roles. Management consulting, sourcing team members from the very firms that participation in start-ups and quasi legal roles also service them, building in-house capability beyond attract many lawyers. broad commercial law into specialised areas such as Equity partnership numbers are falling as equity competition, finance and mergers and acquisitions. is redistributed from existing equity holders whose Demand for lawyers with 3 to 6 years’ experience is status is changed to non-equity or they are particularly high. Areas of demand in private practice encouraged to leave the firm. Salaried partnership have centred on construction and infrastructure, is being used as a smokescreen: to all the world (especially front-end), property, competition, IT, a partner but in reality, still an employee. Overall, banking and finance, wealth management and partner income has fallen slightly this year. general commercial including business structuring Hiring activity has fallen in Perth but remains strong and trusts. Companies are competing head-on with in Sydney and Melbourne. Brisbane is picking up; their law firm providers for the same talent pool. Adelaide remains flat. The market has responded favourably, with senior lawyers being regarded as highly attractive candidates for non-executive directorships, CEO and senior government roles. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 2
Introduction 62% of lawyers working in the corporate sector still have a bonus component in their package, and this percentage has been fairly consistent for over five years. Remuneration Interestingly, an in-house candidate this year is more likely to ask for and receive compensation for In private practice, movement in remuneration has the bonus they will forego if they change from one continued to be conservative, with an average corporate to another. national salary increase of 3.5%, down from 3.8% in 2016. However, this figure belies the ‘hot spots’ International of demand and remuneration-based retention strategies. Hard-to-find and hard-to-replace lawyers International firms, especially those based in the US, in banking and finance, for example, might enjoy have continued to enter the Australian market, in a 25% uplift upon promotion as a senior associate; some instances through aggressive recruitment of new global entrants will pay well above the odds whole teams. to secure partners and teams. Global instability and tighter visa rules has dampened Some lawyers with 3 to 6 years’ post qualification enthusiasm for Australian lawyers seeking adventure experience in the larger firms enjoyed increases of in London and Australian firms’ interest in foreign 7–10%. High-achieving senior associates in similar lawyers, although inter-office secondments continue sized practices were awarded increases of up to in the global firms and can be an effective retention 10%, plus a bonus. strategy for mid level lawyers. In-house remuneration movement is generally linked to corporate performance: lawyers are not singled out for special treatment. Having said that, in-house lawyers joining a company from private practice will usually find that their current remuneration is at least matched or a slight increase applied as inducement in a competitive market. Overall in-house remuneration has risen by a national average of 2.7% compared to 3.4% last year. Bonuses in private practice are still applied where Katherine Sampson Lisa Gazis individual performance is exceptional; corporate bonuses are less common due to the company not hitting its targets. That said, 62% of lawyers working in the corporate sector still have a bonus component in their package, and this percentage has been fairly consistent for over five years. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 3
State of the market Increased Investment in New entrants are recognition for technology and disrupting local corporates innovation markets Firms feeling Companies Demand for pressure to cut becoming more lawyers with 3 to 6 fees flexible years’ experience PRIVATE PRACTICE Average national salary Current Partner Some work being increase of 3.5% partner market income flattened lost to in-house down from 3.8% is turbulent or fell lawyers last year CORPORATE Average national salary General Retaining Outsourcing increase of 2.7% counsel role is more and better trend growing down from 3.4% broadening work in-house last year HIRING ACTIVITY Sydney Brisbane Adelaide Perth Melbourne Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 4
State of the market AREAS IN DEMAND GLOBAL MOVEMENTS Sydney Global instability and tighter visa Corporate & Financial Infrastructure & rules has reduced movement in and Commercial services Projects out of Australia UK, Asia and the Middle East London Property Employment & Health & Industrial relations Pharmaceutical Opportunities still plentiful in UK, Asia and the Middle East but London not as popular Melbourne Corporate & Property Technology International secondments and Commercial rotations have become more commonplace within global firms Banking & Media Finance Lower tax rates attract lawyers to Singapore and Hong Kong Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 5
Partners Mid sized firms are finding it harder to compete for large commercial deals, although tend to make up for this by billing well in specialist areas such as construction. Where ‘bulk’ partner movement occurs, we also MARKET observed firms responding with more vigorous application of restraints. Law firms are pressuring partners to perform, and offering less leeway in the case of a bad year. On the Mid sized firms are finding it harder to compete for flipside, firms are eager to reward successful partners large commercial deals, although tend to make up to retain them and ensure they are not poached for this by billing well in specialist areas such as by another firm. In the aftermath of the Herbert construction. Smith Freehills/ White & Case partner poaching and subsequent litigation, the current partner market is turbulent. Movement continues at individual and team level. REMUNERATION The trend of trimming equity points continues On the ‘push’ side, the motivation is usually one or this year: moving equity partners to fixed draw or more of these factors: salaried partnership, moving partners to consultant • dissatisfaction with centralised management; or counsel status or moving them on. Despite these • lower-than-expected partner draws; efforts to cut costs and secure the pie for remaining partners, partner income has generally flattened or • co-efficient inequities; fallen this year, particularly in the smaller global firms, • lack of recognition (financially or otherwise) of who struggle for a place between the big name exceptional performance; global firms and the lower overhead mid sized and • conflicts (where ‘their’ client loses out). boutique firms. On the ‘pull’ side, partners are attracted by: • a more nimble environment; • a new international entrant that offers genuine prospects of global collaboration; • the opportunity to make their mark without ‘baggage’; • exposure to better clients, bigger deals; • more money in the short or long term. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 6
Partners RECRUITMENT RETENTION Some notable ‘bulk’ movement occurred this year, Increasingly, firms find it difficult to engage their with the Herbert Smith Freehills projects team in senior employees as partnership prospects fade. Melbourne and related partners in Sydney and Asia Many senior associates remain in the firm, not moving en masse to new entrant White & Case. necessarily from a desire for partnership but because prospects for movement are limited. Another trend was the recruitment of one or two partners for carefully considered strategic reasons Nevertheless, partners themselves are more willing to such as: try their hand in a new firm or explore options outside private practice. Desire for change tends to outweigh • boosting skills in key areas such as mergers and opportunity, although some high profile partners have acquisitions and projects; moved into general counsel and ‘general counsel • offering a different choice to clients in terms of style plus’ roles this year, with a seat at the executive and approach; leadership table and responsibility for more than the • adding clients in new industries; legal function. • enhancing Asia Pacific service delivery. As more foreign firms with deep pockets enter the Australian market, resident firms are looking for innovative ways to retain highly valued partners. Strong leadership from the managing partner is more important than ever. Increasingly, firms find it difficult to engage their senior employees as partnership prospects fade. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 7
Partners’ Remuneration SYDNEY Mode Major Firms $1,250,000 Mid Firms $890,000 Small Firms $465,000 MELBOURNE Mode Major Firms $1,150,000 Mid Firms $740,000 Small Firms $425,000 BRISBANE Mode Major Firms $970,000 Mid Firms $615,000 Small Firms $339,000 PERTH Mode Major Firms $997,000 Mid Firms $655,000 Small Firms $374,000 ADELAIDE Mode Major Firms $685,000 Mid Firms $412,000 Small Firms $200,000 The defining criteria of what is a major, mid and small commercial CBD firm includes: size, locations, reputation, quality of work, expectations of employer as well as pay, desirability of employment and training and development. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 8
Private Practice Lawyers Fortunately, opportunities have opened up a little for MARKET senior private practice lawyers seeking a change. Increasingly they are regarded as highly attractive Firms continue to compete for commercial work, candidates for non-executive directorships, CEO and with mid tier firms (including the smaller global firms) senior government roles. Management consulting, finding it harder to compete with the big name participation in start-ups and quasi legal roles also globals, new entrants from the US and nimble firms attract many lawyers. that are offering more innovative fee structures and service offerings. There has been rapid growth and development in the legal services market throughout Asia and Australia. INNOVATION Firms report that client loyalty is harder than ever to A key driver for sophisticated law firms is innovation win and retain and that in-house lawyers are doing and more thought, time and money has been work that once would have been referred to the firm. spent this year on this strategic focus. While much Companies are more likely to look at alternatives. innovation is linked to technology, innovation as an They are willing to approach smaller firms, as well as objective is more nuanced now, and often includes new law firms with lower overheads, and are showing strategy, culture, profile, competitive positioning, a tendency to ‘unbundle’ work. As such, competition client service and employee satisfaction. remains fierce among private practice firms. The appointment of ‘innovation managers’ and ‘New law’ firms are no longer novel. More large teams is growing, as are innovation projects, ‘design law firms have opened contract hire subsidiaries, thinking’ experiments, and collaborative research with some applying senior lawyers to these ranks and development exercises. Larger firms aim to to achieve better utilisation. Firms are increasingly inculcate their culture with an innovation theme, to reluctant to provide secondee lawyers to their involve lawyers of all levels in innovation workshops corporate clients, although demand for these remains and online ideas boards, for example, and to make high. A firm’s contract hire offshoot can assist in innovation a normal part of working life for their staff. this regard. Innovation is adapted to suit the culture, strategy Within the firms, the path to partnership is slower and purse of the law firm. Client needs (and than ever. Many solicitors and senior associates are sometimes client involvement) is top of mind. Testing disillusioned by the lack of prospects and look to of hypotheses, measurement of outcomes, and move to an in-house or non-practising role. Most continual improvement – concepts that are not senior associates in the very large firms have no new to other industries but may be strange and practice to take to another firm (and in any event new to the legal profession – are increasingly being partnership prospects at the new firm may be equally applied, often led by innovation professionals from dire), and can be too expensive or too experienced backgrounds outside the law. for an in-house role. Effective innovation is adapted to the practice area: On the bright side, a few major firms have recruited process improvement , for example, will be different senior associates without a practice in areas of great for a highly commoditised practice compared to, say, need such as finance, mergers and acquisitions, complex litigation or transactional practices. funds/financial services and construction. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 9
Private Practice Lawyers attracted to the ‘carrot’ of partnership than ever REMUNERATION before. On the plus side, the quality of work tends to be higher at an earlier stage for solicitors in lean Most firms have applied increases of CPI or slightly teams with plentiful work. above. The average national increase is 3.5%. There tend to be fewer levels of seniority between Bonuses tend to be linked to billings over budget, partner and junior lawyer so direct partner and although exceptional performers may receive a client contact can also come earlier. Against this, bonus of up to 20%. some clients only want to deal with the partner, Some lawyers with 3 to 6 years’ post qualification and competition for clients and deals mean that experience in the larger firms enjoyed increases of most firms will oblige. One US firm commented 7–10%.High-achieving senior associates in similar that its terms of engagement with a corporate sized practices were awarded increases of up to client specifically state that ‘junior lawyers will not be 10%, plus a bonus. charged for.’ Vacancy rates for junior to mid level lawyers remain high, with particular demand at the 3 to 6 years’ post RECRUITMENT qualification experience level. Firms find it hard to Areas of demand this year have centred on differentiate their value proposition to persuade these construction and infrastructure (especially front-end), lawyers to join them. Mid level lawyers are sceptical property, competition, IT, banking and finance, wealth about firms’ points of difference and are reluctant to management and general commercial including change unless they are unhappy with their current business structuring and trusts. firm. Many ‘stay to become SA’, keen to achieve the status and pay increase that comes with promotion, Skills shortages mean that New Zealand qualified and before making a change. interstate candidates are more readily considered than in other years, although property is still one At this level, solicitors are inclined to try their hand area of law where local (state) experience is usually in an in-house role, seeking more predictable hours, regarded as essential. Recruitment of overseas no budget pressure or time sheets. Others seek qualified lawyers has diminished as visa rules have experience overseas and find that high quality tightened. Australian lawyers are still attractive to employers in the UK, Middle East and Asia. Demand remains highest in New South Wales and Victoria with other states stable (Western Australia, Law firms are increasingly offering benefits to retain Queensland) or declining (South Australia). lawyers at these levels. Flexible work hours, four- day work weeks or a nine-day fortnight are more common, although flexible work arrangements usually need to be earned. Availability of part time RETENTION roles is very limited without a history of service with Lifestyle is still an important driver for law firm the firm. employees. Smaller teams under a partner in the larger firms are feeling more pressure and are less Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 10
Private Practice Lawyers’ Salaries Major firms SYDNEY Year Level Range Mode 1 $78,000 – $109,000 $88,000 2 $86,000 – $115,000 $96,000 3 $90,000 – $125,000 $106,000 4 $98,000 – $140,000 $127,000 5 $114,000 – $165,000 $135,000 SA 1 $140,000 – $185,000 $150,000 SA 2 $148,000 – $219,000 $168,500 SA 3 $165,000 – $225,000 $188,000 SA 4 $170,000 – $243,000 $212,000 SA 5/SC $197,500 – $340,000 $250,000 MELBOURNE Year Level Range Mode 1 $70,000 – $100,000 $78,000 2 $78,000 – $107,000 $82,000 3 $80,000 – $120,000 $96,000 4 $90,000 – $135,000 $120,000 5 $100,000 – $140,000 $125,000 SA 1 $120,000 – $155,000 $135,000 SA 2 $130,000 – $170,000 $150,000 SA 3 $137,000 – $180,000 $162,000 SA 4 $165,000 – $210,000 $180,000 SA 5/SC $170,000 – $310,000 $225,000 The defining criteria of what is a major, mid and small commercial CBD firm includes: size, locations, reputation, Figures include superannuation but do not include quality of work, expectations of employer as well as pay, desirability of employment and training and development. bonuses or other benefits. Given that firms take into account a range of factors when determining remuneration, an individual’s position within a band will vary based on their background, experience and performance. Lawyers paid at the higher end of the bands are usually top performers and/or employees who bring with them an additional skill that is over and above the general requirements of the role. For tailored advice please contact our consultants. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 11
Private Practice Lawyers’ Salaries Major firms BRISBANE Year Level Range Mode 1 $68,000 – $81,000 $76,000 2 $70,000 – $96,000 $83,000 3 $81,000 – $106,500 $88,500 4 $91,000 – $121,500 $97,000 5 $97,000 – $146,500 $116,500 SA 1 $117,000 – $160,000 $132,000 SA 2 $132,000 – $180,000 $156,000 PERTH Year Level Range Mode 1 $72,000 – $87,000 $76,000 2 $80,000 – $95,000 $85,000 3 $85,000 – $105,000 $97,000 4 $91,000 – $142,000 $112,000 5 $105,000 – $153,500 $123,000 SA 1 $120,000 – $165,000 $140,500 SA 2 $135,000 – $190,000 $158,000 ADELAIDE Year Level Range Mode 1 $55,000 – $68,000 $58,000 2 $60,000 – $78,000 $66,000 3 $65,000 – $85,000 $73,000 4 $75,000 – $120,000 $85,000 5 $80,000 – $130,000 $95,000 SA 1 $90,000 – $150,000 $115,000 SA 2 $96,000 – $200,000 $130,000 The defining criteria of what is a major, mid and small commercial CBD firm includes: size, locations, reputation, Figures include superannuation but do not include quality of work, expectations of employer as well as pay, desirability of employment and training and development. bonuses or other benefits. Given that firms take into account a range of factors when determining remuneration, an individual’s position within a band will vary based on their background, experience and performance. Lawyers paid at the higher end of the bands are usually top performers and/or employees who bring with them an additional skill that is over and above the general requirements of the role. For tailored advice please contact our consultants. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 12
Private Practice Lawyers’ Salaries Mid firms SYDNEY Year Level Range Mode 1 $68,000 – $84,000 $77,000 2 $82,000 – $100,000 $90,000 3 $92,000 – $110,500 $96,000 4 $97,000 – $128,000 $110,000 5 $105,000 – $148,000 $125,000 SA 1 $115,000 – $155,000 $140,000 SA 2 $130,000 – $165,000 $147,000 SA 3 $140,000 – $177,000 $162,000 SA 4 $155,000 – $185,000 $172,500 SA 5/SC $168,000 – $295,000 $210,000 MELBOURNE Year Level Range Mode 1 $65,000 – $80,000 $74,000 2 $68,000 – $98,500 $79,000 3 $78,000 – $105,000 $88,000 4 $80,000 – $115,000 $98,000 5 $90,000 – $135,000 $115,000 SA 1 $107,000 – $143,000 $128,000 SA 2 $115,000 – $155,000 $138,000 SA 3 $125,000 – $165,000 $148,000 SA 4 $140,000 – $175,000 $160,000 SA 5/SC $150,000 – $280,000 $185,000 The defining criteria of what is a major, mid and small commercial CBD firm includes: size, locations, reputation, Figures include superannuation but do not include quality of work, expectations of employer as well as pay, desirability of employment and training and development. bonuses or other benefits. Given that firms take into account a range of factors when determining remuneration, an individual’s position within a band will vary based on their background, experience and performance. Lawyers paid at the higher end of the bands are usually top performers and/or employees who bring with them an additional skill that is over and above the general requirements of the role. For tailored advice please contact our consultants. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 13
Private Practice Lawyers’ Salaries Small commercial CBD firms SYDNEY Year Level Range Mode 1 $55,000 – $77,000 $60,000 2 $65,000 – $90,000 $70,000 3 $72,000 – $98,000 $82,000 4 $80,000 – $117,000 $90,000 5 $92,000 – $137,000 $110,000 SA 1 $98,000 – $160,000 $125,000 SA 2 $118,000 – $175,000 $130,000 SA 3 $132,500 – $190,000 $145,000 SA 4 $142,500 – $197,000 $155,000 SA 5/SC $162,000 – $210,000 $175,000 MELBOURNE Year Level Range Mode 1 $48,000 – $73,000 $50,000 2 $55,000 – $85,000 $60,500 3 $57,000 – $90,000 $70,000 4 $60,500 – $105,000 $78,000 5 $75,000 – $120,000 $98,000 SA 1 $78,500 – $135,000 $105,500 SA 2 $105,000 – $145,000 $115,000 SA 3 $110,000 – $150,000 $125,000 SA 4 $120,000 – $170,000 $135,000 SA 5/SC $135,500 – $205,000 $165,000 The defining criteria of what is a major, mid and small commercial CBD firm includes: size, locations, reputation, Figures include superannuation but do not include quality of work, expectations of employer as well as pay, desirability of employment and training and development. bonuses or other benefits. Given that firms take into account a range of factors when determining remuneration, an individual’s position within a band will vary based on their background, experience and performance. Lawyers paid at the higher end of the bands are usually top performers and/or employees who bring with them an additional skill that is over and above the general requirements of the role. For tailored advice please contact our consultants. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 14
International International opportunities for Australian lawyers were plentiful over the last 12 months, particularly in the UK, Asia and the Middle East. Finance was a key area of demand and lawyers Relocation opportunities within global firms with project finance skills were particularly sought after. Financial services, regulatory and funds were Now that Australian firms’ international mergers and also strong areas of demand. Contrary to previous alliances have matured, international secondments years, demand was not as strong for mergers and and rotations have become more commonplace. acquisitions or dispute resolution lawyers. Aspirations of relocating within the firm’s network are more realistic in some firms than others and often Australian lawyers are keen to experience working depend on the support of local supervising partners. overseas. London is a popular destination for those who can comply with visa restrictions, however, Junior lawyers many now seek the less trodden path of relocating Magic Circle and Silver Circle firms are increasingly to projects hubs in the Middle East and thriving recruiting junior lawyers laterally. Lawyers from newly business destinations in Asia. qualified to two years’ post qualification experience Opportunities abound for Australian lawyers in these (PQE) find that they have options, particularly if their areas, with attractive remuneration and typically initial training is in areas of skills shortages, such smaller offices offering a greater variety of work than as banking and finance. This means that Australian they might experience in specialist teams in the UK. lawyers are marketable overseas with as little as two While language skills are an advantage in Hong Kong years’ PQE. and Beijing, they are no longer a prerequisite due to It also creates opportunities for junior Australian the number of expatriates doing business in Asia. lawyers to enter specialised teams without specific Australian lawyers are usually not concerned that experience in niche areas of practice. Lawyers who their experience level will be discounted by two years plan to return to Australia should be mindful of the when they relocate. In practice, they often receive applicability of specialist experience in the local higher remuneration and are given more responsibility market. than in Australian firms. Salary information Salaries in the UK, Middle East and Asia remain competitive. With the lower tax rates available in Singapore and Hong Kong, these jurisdictions remain attractive to Australian and New Zealand lawyers. Mahlab Report 2017 Private Practice 15
Melbourne @MahlabLegal Level 1, 535 Bourke Street, Melbourne 3000 www.linkedin.com/company/mahlab-recruitment T: (03) 9629 2111 E: melb@mahlab.com.au www.mahlab.com.au Sydney Level 3, 15 Castlereagh Street, Sydney 2000 T: (02) 9241 1199 E: syd@mahlab.com.au
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