Jpcl WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT COATING SYSTEMS: SELECTING AND SOURCING - A JPCL eResource
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PAINTSQUARE.COM JOURNAL OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS & LININGS
A JPCL eResource
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT COATING
SYSTEMS: SELECTING AND SOURCING
©iStockphoto/TerryJ
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.
i
Wastewater Treatment
Plant Coating Systems:
Selecting and Sourcing
A JPCL eBook
Copyright 2014-2015 by
Technology Publishing Company
2100 Wharton Street, Suite 310
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
All Rights Reserved
This eBook may not be copied or redistributed
without the written permission of the publisher.
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.
ii
SPONSORED BY
Contents
iv Introduction
1 Preparing and Lining Concrete for Immersion Service:
Steps and Procedures to Avoid Failures
By Robert Maley, Corrosion Probe, Inc.
10 Coating System Guide for the Wastewater Treatment Plants
23 Coating Company Profiles
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.
iv
Introduction
This eBook features an article from the Journal of Protective Coatings & Linings
(JPCL) about avoiding failures when preparing and lining concrete for immersion
service, as well as JPCL Buying Guide data pertaining to selecting and specifying
coatings for wastewater treatment plants. All information about the article and
materials is based on the original dates of publication of these materials in JPCL.
The Buying Guide is organized by various exposure types and substrates. Coating
manufacturers are listed in alphabetical order, with each company’s preferred sys-
tem named in both proprietary and generic terms. Finally, contact details are given
for all the companies.
This collection is designed to provide general guidance on selecting and specify-
ing coatings, as well as furnish information about sources in order to acquire the
appropriate systems. Please visit www.paintsquare.com/bg to refine searches and
apply parameters to Buying Guide data such as industry, exposure, substrate,
company name or product name.
©iStockphoto/TerryJ
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.
1
All figures and photos courtesy of the author.
Preparing and Lining Concrete for Immersion
Service: Steps and Procedures to Avoid Failure
he practice of lining concrete substrates has increased expo- By Robert Maley,
T Corrosion Probe, Inc.
nentially over the last 30 years, most notably in the wastewater
treatment industry. Environmental regulations, coupled with
changes to treatment processes, have resulted in far more se-
vere environments in which concrete can and will corrode. A lack of understanding and experience extends beyond the con-
Other than the floor coating field, very few contractors specialize in tracting level. Many engineers, consultants, and inspectors do not
preparing and lining concrete structures, as carbon steel lining oppor- fully comprehend the idiosyncrasies of lining concrete. When all the
tunities far outweigh those of concrete substrates. Accordingly, the aforementioned parties converge upon a complex lining project, the
majority of craft workers, both young and old, have far more training potential for a perfect storm exists.
and experience preparing and lining steel substrates. It has been the This article examines many of the common errors that often occur
author’s observation that many of the aforementioned craft workers, when concrete substrates are rehabilitated and offers practical solu-
and in many cases, management personnel, do not fully comprehend tions for prevention of said errors.
the difficulty and distinctions inherent to a concrete lining project.
Chronological Examination of Typical Missteps
Surface Preparation Phase
Editor’s Note: This article is based on a presentation given at SSPC
The majority of lining failures, regardless of the substrate (steel
2013, the annual conference of SSPC: The Society for Protective
Coatings, held January 14–17, 2013, in San Antonio, TX, and is or concrete), are often attributed to inadequate surface prepara-
available in the conference Proceedings (sspc.org). tion. Numerous written standards and visual standards for
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.
2
is a thin, weak, poorly adhered layer of aggre-
gate fines, including unreacted concrete con-
stituents (Fig. 1). Islands of laitance can be
difficult to detect. If not removed, laitance will
slowly disintegrate, disbonding the lining sys-
tem from the substrate.
• The surface profile is not sufficient. Similar to
linings applied to carbon steel, linings applied
to concrete substrates require a surface profile
to promote mechanical bonding. Surface pro-
Fig. 1: Residual laitance on UHPWJ-prepared concrete (left) and abrasive blast cleaned concrete
All figures and photos courtesy of the author.
files on steel substrates typically range from
1.5 to 5.0 mils, depending on the film thickness
of the lining. Surface profile can be objectively
quantified in the field by using replica tape and
a spring micrometer (per ASTM D4417,
Method C).
Determining the surface profile of concrete
substrates is performed by comparison
method, and therefore can be somewhat sub-
jective. Molded replica chips (coupons) are
available from The International Concrete Re-
Fig. 2: ICRI CS Coupons pair Institute (ICRI). The ICRI coupons (Fig. 2)
depict ten profiles identified as CSP 1 (least
rough) through CSP 10 (most rough). ICRI
Technical Guideline 310.2 provides additional
information relative to the selection and meth-
ods of achieving the various CSPs.
ASTM Standard D7682, Standard Test Method
for Replication of and Measurement of Con-
crete Surface Profiles Using Replica Putty, re-
leased in 2010, provides both visual means
(Method A) and quantitative means (Method
B) for determining the surface profile of con-
Fig. 3: Evaluation of crete. The benefit of utilizing ASTM D7682
surface profile using over a visually comparative method is that a
60 grit sandpaper
permanent replica can be obtained.
Many industry standards, including SSPC-SP
preparing steel substrates have been published by various in- 13/NACE No. 6, Surface Preparation of Concrete, will describe a
dustry organizations over the past 50 years. Steel substrate sur- concrete surface profile by comparison to various grades of
face preparation standards, as well as many germane test sandpaper, e.g. fine, medium, coarse, and extra-coarse. This
standards, are fairly well understood and routinely cited in proj- method is also quite subjective because of the lack of uniformity
ect specifications. Conversely, it is quite common for a specifica- typically found on a prepared concrete surface. Additionally,
tion or a lining material product data sheet to simply state for some lining manufacturers’ product data sheets define the re-
the contractor to “roughen or abrade concrete surfaces.” Such quired surface profile as similar to coarse sandpaper without
ambiguous language does not suitably address the following specifically defining coarse sandpaper (Fig. 3).
often-overlooked critical aspects necessary to properly prepare • Voids and bug holes are not opened or exposed. Formed con-
concrete substrates. crete contains surface voids of varying dimensions, primarily as
• Laitance is not thoroughly removed from the surface. Laitance a result of air bubbles that are trapped during placement and
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.
3
• Protrusions are not removed from the
concrete surface. Surface irregularities such
as form lines, concrete spatter, fins, trowel
Fig. 4: Cross section of bug holes
licks, etc., are sometimes well-adhered to
the substrate and are not conducive to
achieving a monolithic lining with uniform
film thickness. These irregularities must be
removed mechanically by chipping or
grinding.
• Residual coating/lining materials are not
thoroughly removed from the surface. It is
common to find residual coating material
embedded in the concrete surface (Fig. 6).
A thorough visual examination is required
to identify embedded materials.
• Surface contamination is not thoroughly
removed. Generally speaking, contamina-
tion, which can exist on the concrete sur-
face following surface preparation, cannot
be visually identified. Therefore, various
testing is required subject to the type of
contaminants anticipated. Typical contami-
Fig. 5: Typical bug holes on formed concrete nates include chlorides and sulfates. Labo-
ratory analysis of concrete powder samples
obtained at various gradient depths should
be performed if contamination is sus-
pected.
• The surface pH is below 9.0. A pH of less
than 9.0 would suggest the presence of
acid salts, indicative of active corrosion re-
actions. The alkaline constituents of the hy-
drated cement paste binder readily react
with acidic solutions, resulting in a deple-
tion of calcium hydroxide (pH < 10.0) and
depletion of calcium silicate hydrate (pH <
8.0). Conversely, a pH greater than 12.5
would suggest that the concrete is too
Fig. 6: Residual lining material (substrate was prepared by UHPWJ followed by abrasive blasting) green and may not be fully hydrated. ASTM
D4262, Standard Test Method for pH of
compaction. Bug holes are small, regular or irregular cavities, Chemically Cleaned or Etched Concrete Surfaces, provides guid-
usually not exceeding 15 mm (0.6 in.) in diameter, while voids ance for testing the pH of concrete surfaces. Gradient pH meas-
can be significantly larger (Figs. 4 and 5). urements should be performed to determine the depth of
The actual size of a bug hole is often obscured because the contamination (Fig. 7).
cavity extends beneath the surface. This condition is often re-
ferred to as “shelled over.” Unless the bug hole is thoroughly Restoration/Resurfacing Phase
opened or exposed, the resurfacer or liner will bridge over the Prepared concrete substrates, particularly those previously sub-
void, resulting in air entrapment and pinhole formation due to jected to harsh exposures, quite often require restoration or re-
outgassing. pair prior to application of a chemical resistant lining system.
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.
4
tar is not absorbed into the substrate. An
SSD condition is typically achieved by lightly
misting the concrete substrate with clean
water. Ponding, pooling, glistening, drip-
ping, or running water is detrimental and
therefore should be avoided. The objective is
to slightly darken the surface so as to pre-
serve the water needed for hydration pur-
poses. Insufficient water for hydration of the
restoration/repair mortar may result in crack-
ing or poor adhesion, which can be exacer-
Fig. 7: pH gradient measurement of concrete prior to surface preparation. The red arrow depicts a
bated by the curing stresses associated with
surface pH of 7.0–8.0, while the blue arrow depicts a pH of 10.0–11.0 where concrete has been
chipped back approximately 1⁄ 8 of an inch. Contaminated concrete should be removed to a depth the application of a chemical resistant liner.
where a minimum pH of 9.0 is attained. • Application conditions are not suitable. As
is true for any substrate, application parame-
ters for material temperature, surface tem-
Table 1: Commonly Used Industry Methods and Standards for Testing Adhesion
perature, air temperature, relative humidity,
METHOD INDUSTRY STANDARD LIMITATIONS and dew points must be strictly monitored.
Anhydrous Calcium Chloride ASTM F 1869 • only for horizontal surfaces There are two additional application parame-
• requires a minimum of 60 hours
ters which are unique to concrete substrates
Plastic Sheet ASTM D 4263 • requires 16 hours and are quite often overlooked.
RH Probes ASTM F 2170 • hole must be cored (destructive) 1) Materials should not be applied in di-
Electronic Meters None • measures at or just below surface rect sunlight.
2) Materials should not be applied if the
Additionally, a resurfacing material is recommended to fill bug surface temperature is ascending.
holes and surface porosity on all concrete substrates to provide Under both of these conditions, air entrained within the con-
a monolithic surface for lining application. Deficiencies that com- crete substrate expands as temperatures rise. The air vapor is re-
monly occur during the restoration/resurfacing phase include the leased at the surface (known as outgassing) and results in the
following. formation of pinholes and craters as the air is expelled through
• The substrate is not thoroughly cleaned of dust and debris. Due the mortar or lining. Alternatively, if the mortar or lining is capa-
to its inherent porosity, as well as the abundance of bug holes and ble of resisting the vapor pressure, then blisters will form be-
larger surface voids, prepared concrete surfaces cannot be effec- neath the mortar or lining.
tively cleaned by blowing them down with compressed air or • Post-application curing is not performed. Many cementitious
sweeping. Vacuuming the entire surface followed by pressure materials require post-application curing efforts, which typically
washing with clean water (when feasible) are far more effective consist of periodically misting or spraying the material with
methods to ensure that residual dust has been thoroughly re- clean water, or maintaining a wet cure with fabric or burlap, to
moved. insure that sufficient water is available for proper hydration. Cur-
• The substrate is too wet or too dry. Excessive moisture within ing efforts may extend several days depending on the ambient
the concrete substrate can be problematic for many reasons, conditions.
most notably related to adhesion. Several test methods and in- • Cracks and joints are not properly treated. Treatment of cracks
dustry standards can be used to determine substrate acceptabil- is dependent on the mechanism that induced the crack, as well
ity. The method or standard selected should be consistent with as the anticipated crack movement. If not properly treated cracks
the recommendations provided by the manufacturer of the can and will reflect through many lining systems. Construction
restoration/resurfacing material. Table 1 lists some of the most joints, expansion joints, contraction, and isolation joints all serve
commonly used industry methods and standards. different purposes and may require different treatment methods.
Many restoration/repair mortars require that the substrate be A detailed discussion of crack and joint treatment is beyond the
surface saturated dry (SSD), meaning that the concrete substrate scope of this article and is quite often overlooked during lining
must be dampened to insure that water within the applied mor- applications.
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.
5
• Substrate moisture content is unsuitable.
As previously discussed, excessive mois-
ture is detrimental and must be constantly
controlled and monitored as conditions
change.
• Application conditions are not suitable.
The discussion contained within the
restoration/resurfacing phase holds true
for the lining application phase.
• Repair/restoration material is not
abraded. The presence of laitance is highly
probable when Portland cement-based re-
pair mortars are used for repair/restora-
tion. Any laitance must be removed before
application of the chemical-resistant lining.
• Materials are improperly stored or mixed.
Although not previously discussed, many
failures emanate as a result of inadequate
storage and mixing practices. Most repair
and lining materials consist of multiple
components requiring specific storage and
application temperatures where heat re-
places solvent to reduce the materials’ vis-
cosity. Mixing these materials properly can
be quite laborious, after which a short (5–
30 minute) pot life exists for application.
Testing and Repair Phase
Fig. 8: Example of termination detail where the wall lining was carried onto the floor to prevent The final phase of a lining project often in-
edge lifting/undercutting. In this example, the floor was not subjected to the same corrosion
mechanisms as the walls and therefore did not warrant lining application. volves performing various tests to verify
that the work was properly performed and
the materials will ultimately provide the desired long-term pro-
Lining Application Phase tection. Testing requirements can vary widely depending on the
The lining application phase introduces several typical or com- specification, as well as the manufacturers’ requirements, partic-
mon challenges, as well as several challenges unique to con- ularly when extended warranties come into play. This article will
crete substrates and lining concrete in immersion service, such only address the tests that are common to most projects: dry
as the following. film thickness, adhesion, and holiday detection.
• Lining terminations are inadequate or nonexistent. In many cir-
cumstances it is not necessary or cost effective to apply a lining Dry Film Thickness Testing
system to an entire structure as the corrosion severity may vary Two primary options are available: destructive and non-destruc-
from liquid to vapor phase, or as a result of erosion/abrasion. tive. Arguably, destructive testing is the most reliable, albeit
Whenever partial lining is performed a leading edge exists which often statistically questionable test method because of the lim-
is susceptible to lifting and undercutting. Wherever possible, it is ited number of areas tested. A wide range of film thicknesses
desirable to terminate the lining system above the highest liquid should be anticipated, as certain application methods by nature
operating level rather than in the immersed area. The lining sys- (i.e., troweling, plural component spray, hopper/gravity fed
tem should always be terminated within a chase or saw cut. Simi- spray) and many reinforced thick film lining materials are not
larly, all penetrations and metal embedments require detailed conducive to achieving uniform film thickness. Although unfor-
lining terminations typically requiring a chase or saw-cut (Fig. 8). tunately not often cited, Table 1 in section 5.4 of SSPC Paint Ap-
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.6
for concrete) and the requirement to score
around the loading fixture when film thick-
ness exceeds 20 mils (concrete).
Adhesion of a lining to the concrete sub-
strate as well the intra coat adhesion in multi
coat systems can be quantified via the ASTM
D7234 test procedure. Adhesion values can-
not always be accurately determined when-
ever cohesive failure of the concrete occurs
during testing. For example, if the loading fix-
ture is removed from the concrete substrate
at 350 psi and the failure plane is within the
concrete (cohesive failure), one can only con-
clude that the adhesion of the lining to the
substrate is a minimum of 350 psi. Should the
project specification require a minimum ad-
hesion value of 375 psi, the 350 psi test re-
sult does not necessarily satisfy the
Fig. 9: Pull-off adhesion testing. 90% of the failure occurred cohesively within the sub- specification requirements.
strate, whereas 10% of the failure occurred cohesively within the filler/surfacer. Many specifications rely on the lining
manufacturers’ published data for accept-
plication Specification No. 9, Measurement of Dry Coating Thick- able adhesion values regardless of; the tensile strength of the
ness on Cementitious Substrates Using Ultrasonic Gages, pro- concrete; the concrete surface profile, or the type of instrument
vides guidance relative to restriction levels of coating thickness utilized. The often-utilized requirement of “concrete failure” as a
on concrete. The table contains four levels for minimum and benchmark for acceptable adhesion is far too ambiguous, and
maximum film thicknesses for spot readings, which recognize not always attainable. As demonstrated in Figure 9, multiple fail-
the wide percentage variations typically observed. More impor- ure planes can and will occur on a single test.
tantly, however, the manufacturer should provide guidance rela- Heated discussions are commonplace on job sites when adhe-
tive to absolute minimum and maximum film thickness sion testing data does not meet the requirements of the specifi-
tolerances. cations. The basis of these discussions is often attributed to one
Another somewhat reliable method of determining dry film or a combination of the following:
thickness is to calculate the material quantities based on the ac- • utilizing ASTM D4541 as opposed to ASTM D7234 (often be-
tual surface area. The reliability of this method is dependent on cause D4541 data was provided by the manufacturer);
accurately measuring the surface area, determining a realistic • varying interpretations of the requirements within ASTM
loss factor for overspray, and carefully monitoring the quantity D7234; and
of material actually applied to the substrate, as quantities mixed • insufficient test data available from the lining system manufac-
rarely equate to what is actually applied. turer.
If not clearly stated in the project specifications, the test meth-
Adhesion Testing ods, test procedures, test equipment, and acceptance criteria
The applicable industry standard for determining pull-off adhesion should be clearly established and mutually agreed on before the
strength on concrete is ASTM D7234, Standard Test Method for project commences.
Pull-Off Adhesion Strength of Coatings on Concrete Using Portable
Pull-Off Adhesion Testers, although the older and far more familiar Holiday Detection
standard for metal, ASTM D4541, Standard Test Method for Pull- Holiday Detection can often be the most contentious member of the
Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers, is often testing triumvirate based upon the following common scenarios.
inadvertently cited. Rather than offering a detailed comparison of • No industry standard is referenced in the project specification
the standards, suffice it to say that the two standards are quite dif- (NACE SPO 188 or ASTM D 4787). Suggested voltage settings
ferent, most notably in the diameter of the loading fixtures (larger vary between the two standards.
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.7
• No voltage setting is established either in the
project specification or indicated on the manufac-
turers’ published technical data.
• The measured dry film thickness exceeds the speci-
fication requirements, therefore a higher voltage
setting must be utilized.
• An appropriate voltage setting cannot be deter-
mined due to a wide range of dry film thickness
variations that are within acceptable parameters
established by the project specifications, e.g. 100–
125 mils.
• The test is improperly performed—a slow, me-
thodical holiday hunting expedition as opposed to
a 1-foot-per-second sweeping method cited in the
Fig. 10: Repairing holidays. Most specifications do not set a limit for the maxi- industry standards.
mum number of holidays allowed, either for the entire structure or expressed
• An acceptable amount of holidays is not indicated
as a holiday to substrate area ratio.
in the project specifications.
• A specific quantity/density of holidays, which con-
stitutes rejection of the entire lining system, is not
indicated in the project specifications. Figure 10 de-
picts a relatively small structure where an exces-
sive quantity of holidays were identified and
repaired.
Repairs
Many problems can arise surrounding repairs, par-
ticularly when the identified repair areas are mini-
mal. The project dynamics are typically such that
the contractor has done a good job, a few minor re-
pairs (holidays and damage from adhesion testing)
are required, and all parties are anxious to wrap
things up. Strict attention to detail is often lost at
this juncture, including the following.
• Holidays are not thoroughly exposed back to the
substrate, but are merely covered with a dab of lin-
ing material, which essentially masks the holiday
or results in reoccurrence of the same holiday (Fig.
11).
• The specified dry film thickness is not achieved
over the repaired areas. Many linings are systems
comprised of multiple applications of differing ma-
terials, or the linings require spray application to
achieve the specified dry film thickness. Once
again, the common practice is simply to dab a
small amount of the finish coat over the repaired
area. For example, if the specified liner thickness
was 125 mils, then it is quite likely that numerous
Fig. 11: Before (top) and after (bottom) of an improperly repaired holiday areas would end up with about 10–20 mils of pro-
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.8
warranties protect their interests, but owners
might also fail to consider the negative con-
sequences associated with lining failures.
The ideal solution for avoiding lining
failures, albeit not a panacea, is to anticipate
potential pitfalls by developing succinct writ-
ten instructions for the work processes, spe-
cific remedies relative to deficiencies, and
quality control measures to be incorporated
throughout all work phases—a.k.a., a Techni-
cal Specification, and competent third party
inspection.
Design Phase Considerations
A comprehensive technical specification with
explicit inspection hold points and well de-
fined acceptance criteria is the foundation for
achieving a successful lining project. Unfor-
tunately, many specifications are recycled
from purportedly similar projects, and there-
fore, they fail to address many critical items.
Fig. 12: Off-ratio repair material found during anniversary inspection When critical items are overlooked, one of
two consequences can occur. Either the lin-
tection, considerably less than the thickness required to achieve ing project continues, resulting in a high likelihood of premature
the desired protection and/or durability of the lining system. lining failure, or costly change orders to rectify specification re-
• The repair material extends beyond the area that was prepared. lated deficiencies are issued.
Most lining materials have very short recoat windows, and Many common missteps have been discussed above, and they
therefore, require scarification as well as solvent cleaning to en- merit further exploration for inclusion within technical specifica-
sure that the repair material will adhere to the existing liner. Re- tions. Additional items for consideration include the following.
pair materials that extend beyond the prepared area will likely • The potential for hydraulic pressure exists when structures are
disbond, thereby jeopardizing the entire repair, as edge lifting fully or partially below grade. Quite often it is advisable to water-
and undercutting may occur. proof the exterior of the structure to minimize or eliminate vapor
• Repair materials are often improperly mixed (off-ratio) (Fig. 12). pressure.
Most contractors shudder at the thought of mixing up a five-gal- • Concise surface preparation methods should be given (i.e.,
lon unit when only a few ounces of material are needed. Regard- abrasive blasting, ultra-high-pressure water jetting, or other me-
less of the techniques that are employed, the potential for poorly chanical means). Many product data sheets and application
mixed or off-ratio material is immense. A paint stick and a plastic guides simply reference SSPC-SP 13/NACE No. 6 as a surface
quart container are no match for a mixing drill and an appropri- preparation standard, but they fail to identify a specific method
ately sized metal pail. as required by the standard. In many cases, it is mistakenly as-
sumed that abrasive blasting will be performed.
Finger Pointing or Avoidance • Methods as well as requirements for controlling environmental
Now that we have established where, when, and how problems conditions suitable for lining application should be identified
can occur, what are the best ways to avoid them? Should the (e.g., heating, cooling, dehumidification, and shading).
burden of quality control be placed on the application contrac- • It is important that a distinction be made between concrete
tor? Possibly, but I don’t recommend it. Nonconformities that restoration (repair) and resurfacing. Restoration should be used
may be dismissed as minor or inconsequential can often result where large voids exist, erosion/chemical damage has occurred,
in catastrophic failures. and cement paste loss has exceeded a depth of ½-inch. Properly
Some owners have the mindset that sureties and extended finished new concrete should not require restoration or repair.
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.9
Restoration/repair materials are generally Portland cement- Finally, as is often stated, a comprehensive specification,
based mortars and require post-application curing efforts. which delineates appropriate materials, proper surface prepara-
Resurfacing is typically used to fill bug holes, seal pores and tion, precise application requirements, and rigorous quality con-
capillaries, and provide a smooth surface for coating and lining trol practices are critical.
application. Resurfacing materials can be Portland cement-
based, polymer/epoxy-modified cementitious, or pure epoxy- About the Author
based materials. Robert Maley is the Coatings
As previously stated, additional surface preparation require- Group Manager and a Senior Con-
ments may be necessary dependent on the restoration, repair, or sultant based in Pompano Beach,
resurfacing materials that are specified. Recoat windows may FL, for Corrosion Probe, Inc. He
also need to be addressed. has more than 37 years of experi-
A primer/sealer can be used to minimize outgassing. A com- ence in the protective coatings in-
patible primer/sealer should be applied whenever a full skim or dustry. Maley is an SSPC-certified
sparge coat of resurfacing material is not specified, or in addi- Protective Coatings Specialist; an
tion to the restoration/resurfacing materials. SSPC Concrete Coatings Inspec-
Visual acceptance criteria should be given. Many high-perfor- tor; an SSPC member who sits on
mance, thick-film lining systems are difficult to apply and are several committees; and a former
susceptible to running, sagging, and orange peeling. Restrictive SSPC-C3 instructor. He is also a NACE Level III-certified Coatings
language relative to aesthetic qualities should be limited to de- Inspector and a member of NACE. He has written and presented
fects that jeopardize the film quality and integrity. papers for JPCL, SSPC, American Painting Contractor, AWWA,
Define the acceptance values, locations, and quantities of tests and Canadian Construction Journal. JPCL
to be performed. Avoid relying solely on an industry standard or
manufacturers’ product data sheets because both can be subject
to interpretation, or if used together, may be contradictory.
Regardless of whether or not the lining manufacturer requires
specific training/certification of its applicators, onsite training by
the manufacturer should be encouraged. Manufacturer involve-
ment should be additionally extended to include participation in
hold-point inspections, including testing and final inspection.
Conclusion
Lining failures on concrete substrates can be attributed to a
plethora of causes—some obvious, such as inadequate surface
preparation, and some obscure, such as moisture vapor trans-
mission. In many regards, the surface preparation and subse-
quent application of high-performance linings on concrete
substrates is a relatively adolescent industry. Tools, equipment,
methods, and practices are continually being developed to in-
crease the efficiency and productivity of surface preparation and
lining application. Restoration materials, resurfacers, and chemi-
cal-resistant linings require manufacturer training, specialized
skills, and application equipment, which might not be common
knowledge to the average painter. Quality assurance processes
and quality control measures for concrete substrates must be
developed and implemented in greater detail as compared to
other substrates.
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.10
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Coating System Guide for
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Arma 901 Polyurea & Polyasphartic 6000 HPL-1110 / HPL-1110 Nansulate PT
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Thermal Spray
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Rezklad Wasser International
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Avilion, Inc. ENECON Corporation International Polyurethane Systems
PPG Chemclad AL6000
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Benjamin Moore & Co. ErgonArmor Novocoat Isolatek International
Corotech Aliphatic Acrylic Urethane Coating V500 Novocoat RI80 Fendolite M-II
Other Epoxy/Epoxy 100% solids Thermal Spray
Blome International/Part of the HEMPEL Group Euclid Chemical Company ITW Polymers Coatings North America
Versi-Line Eucothane AS-250
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Urethane/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Bowers Industrial FSC Coatings, Inc. Jotun Paints, Inc.
Gulf Coast Paint Rustop/Silicone Poly Plus Resist 86 AV/Penguard Express/Hardtop Optima
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Inorganic Zinc/Epoxy/Siloxane
CANUSA-CPS Gemite Products, Inc. Kaufman Products, Inc.
Wrapid Bond Gem-Cote EP 100 SurePoxy HiBild
Tape Wraps Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Carboline Company Global EcoTechnologies KCC Corrosion Control Co., Ltd.
Carboxane Endura-Flex Techni-Plus UR-5
Organic Zinc/Siloxane Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat) Urethane/Urethane
CIM Industries Goodwest Linings and Coatings Kopak Industries
CIM Carboline, Sherwin-Williams, Devoe Kopak
Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat) Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Fluorourethane
Cloverdale Paint, Inc. Grace Distributing Linabond
Armourshield LifeGuard Active Rust Primer SP Mastic Sys, Structural Polymer Sys, Simulform
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Other Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic
Corotech High Performance Coatings Gulf Coast Paint Mfg., Inc. Micor Company, Inc.
Corotech GCP Micorthane 6-23
Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Urethane/Urethane
Corrocoat USA, Inc. Heresite Protective Coatings, LLC Monopole, Inc.
Corroglass CSE-6200/UC-5500 Permashield 200
Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Urethane/Urethane
CSL Silicones, Inc. Highland International, Inc. Northern Industries, Inc.
Si-Coat 580 475R Dry-Fall Epoxy Prime/68R Series Dry-Fall Urethane Hydro-Seal 75
Siloxane/Siloxane Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 coats)
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Nukote Coating Systems Canada, Inc. Simpson Strong-Tie Altex Coatings Ltd.
Nukote FX-501M Elastomeric Carboline
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Other Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Nukote Coating Systems International Specialty Products, Inc. (SPI) Andek Corporation
Nukote PA II Polyshield HT, Polyshield HT-100F UB, CAP 100 Encapsall Super
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Urethane/Urethane
Oak Ridge Chemical and Equipment Stirling Lloyd Group Plc. Arizona Polymer Flooring, Inc.
Oak Ridge Integritank Poly 100 VOC
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Peerless Industrial Systems Stirling Lloyd Products, Inc. Arma Coatings
Epigen Integritank Arma 6000 Polyurea
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Polibrid Coatings, Inc. Termarust Technologies Atlas Minerals & Chemicals, Inc.
Polibrid 705 Termarust TR2000 HR CSA Series Rezklad
Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat) Calcium Sulphonate Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Polycoat Products Tesla NanoCoatings, Inc. Avilion, Inc.
Polyeuro 5502/7502 Teslan PPG
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
PPC Coatings (MTR) Thermion Benjamin Moore & Co.
PPC Coatings Thermion Corotech Aliphatic Acrylic Urethane Ctg V500
Other Thermal Spray Other
PPG Protective & Marine Coatings Thin Film Technology, Inc. Blome International/Part of the HEMPEL Group
Amercoat Bio-Dur 568 Versi-Line
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Premier Coating Systems, Inc. The Thortex Group Bowers Industrial
PCS-#1100/PCS-#4300 Corro-Tech Duromar
Other Other Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Protective Floor and Linings Div. Milamar Ctgs 3M Corrosion Protection Products Carboline Company
Fibercoat 1410CS Scotchkote Carboguard
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Protecto Wrap Company TMS Metalizing Systems, Ltd. ChemMasters, Inc.
Protecto Liner 1350 TMS Metalizing Systems Duraguard 400 Series
Urethane/Urethane Thermal Spray Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate/Urethane
Randolph Products Tnemec Company, Inc. CIM Industries
Randogrip 75 Hi-Build Epoxoline/Endura-Shield CIM
Other Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat)
Raven Lining Systems U.S. Coatings, LLC Concrete Solutions Products by Rhino Linings
Raven Lining Systems EpoxyGrip/UreGrip Concrete Solutions Epoxy 200
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy 100% solids
Rhino Linings Corporation VersaFlex Incorporated Convenience Products/Seal-Krete
Rhino SolarMax FSS 50 DM Seal-Krete Dura-Shell WB
Urethane/Urethane Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Urethane/Urethane
Rodda Paint Co./Cloverdale Paint Wasser Corporation Copps Industries, Inc.
ClovaMastic/Armourshield XP Wasser Armorgard 700UV
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane MCU Zinc Rich/MCU/MCU Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Roval USA Corp. Watson Coatings, Inc. Corotech High Performance Coatings
Roval R22 Cold Galvanizing Compound Aqua-Shield Corotech
Zinc-rich, organic Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Rust Bullet, LLC Wilko Paint, Inc. Corrocoat USA, Inc.
Rust Bullet Standard Wilko Polyglass Zipcoat
Other Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane Urethane/Urethane
Sauereisen, Inc. ZRC Worldwide Crossfield Products Corp.
Sauereisen ZRC-221 Cold Galvanizing Compound Dex-O-Tex
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Zinc-Rich, Organic Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Seacoat Technology CSL Silicones, Inc.
Fluoro-Slik Si-Coat 580
Epoxy/Epoxy/Siloxane Exterior Weathering, UV Siloxane/Siloxane
and Mild Chemical Denso North America
Concrete Denso
Tape Wraps
Devoe HPC (International Paint, LLC)
ABRI Industries Devoe High Performance Coatings
MicroBond 87 Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Inorganic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane
Diamond Vogel Paint Company
AcryliCon Flooring Solutions Vers-Acryl 200/Vers-Acryl 222
AcryliCon Decor Other
Sherwin-Williams Other
Dunn-Edwards
Macropoxy 646/Hi-Solids Polyurethane Advanced Chemical Technologies, Inc. Multiple Brand Options
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane SIL-ACT Epoxy/Epoxy/Siloxane
Siloxane/Siloxane
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.12
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Duromar, Inc. Kopak Industries Rock-Tred Corporation
HPL-1110/HPL-1110 Kopak Chem-Thane P-100
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Fluorourethane Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 coats)
EA Wilcox Kryton International, Inc. Rodda Paint Co./Cloverdale Paint
Wasser Krystol T1, Krystol T2 ClovaMastic/Armourshield XP
MCU/MCU/MCU Other Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
ENECON Corporation Linabond Rust Bullet, LLC
Chemclad SP Mastic Sys, Structural Polymer Sys, Simulform Rust Bullet Standard
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% solids Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic Other
Euclid Chemical Company Micor Company, Inc. Sauereisen, Inc.
Tammscoat Micorthane 6-23 Sauereisen
Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic Urethane/Urethane Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
FSC Coatings, Inc. Milamar Coatings, LLC Seacoat Technology
Bio-Safe Prime & Seal/MaxLife ICO Guard Coating Fluoro-Slik
Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy/Siloxane
Gemite Products, Inc. Monopole, Inc.
Cem-Kote ST Permashield 200
Other Urethane/Urethane
Global EcoTechnologies National Polymers, Inc.
Endura-Flex Private Label
Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat) Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Grace Distributing Northern Industries, Inc.
LifeGuard Active Rust Primer NI-21
Other Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Sherwin-Williams
Gulf Coast Paint Mfg., Inc. Nukote Coating Systems Canada, Inc.
Macropoxy 646 / Hi-Solids Polyurethane
GCP Nukote
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Simpson Strong-Tie
Heresite Protective Coatings, LLC Nukote Coating Systems International
(FX-480) / (FX-505) Protective Ctg.
CSE-6200/UC-5500 Nukote PA II
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Acrylic (1-2 coats)
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Soprema, Inc.
HJ3 Composite Technologies Oak Ridge Chemical and Equipment
Soprema Alsan Trafik
HJ3 CarbonSeal Industrial Systems Oak Ridge
Urethane/Urethane
Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Specialty Products, Inc. (SPI)
Hy-Tech Thermal Solutions Peerless Industrial Systems
Aquaseal Hi-Rise X3, Polyshield HT, AMP 100
Insul-Flex Epigen
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Other Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Stirling Lloyd Group Plc.
Induron Coatings, Inc. Polibrid Coatings, Inc.
Integritank
Indurethane 6600 Plus Polibrid 705
Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat)
Stirling Lloyd Products, Inc.
Industrial Coatings & Sealants Polycoat Products
Integritank
Polycoat Polyeuro 5502/7502
Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate
Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 coats) Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Termarust Technologies
Industrial Nanotech, Inc. PPC Coatings (MTR)
Termaflex TX4000 series
Nansulate GP PPC Coatings
Other
Thermal Spray Other
Thin Film Technology, Inc.
International Paint, LLC PPG Protective & Marine Coatings
Bio-Gard 288/561
International Amercoat
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Acrylic (1-2 coats)
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
The Thortex Group
International Polyurethane Systems Premier Coating Systems, Inc.
Chemi-Tech
AL6000 PCS-#1100/PCS-#4300
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Other
3M Corrosion Protection Products
ITW Polymers Coatings North America Protective Floor and Linings Div. Milamar Ctgs
Scotchkote
AS-250 PF&L 3300FS
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Tnemec Company, Inc.
Jotun Paints, Inc. Protecto Wrap Company
Hi-Build Epoxoline/Endura-Shield
Pen-O-Prep/Penguard Express/Hardtop II HS Protecto Liner 1350
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Urethane/Urethane
Tuf Top Coatings
Kaufman Products, Inc. Rainguard International
Tuf-Top
SurePoxy HiBild Rainguard
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Siloxane/Siloxane
U.S. Coatings, LLC
KCC Corrosion Control Co., Ltd. Randolph Products
EpoxyGrip/UreGrip
Techni-Plus UR-5 Randogrip 75
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Urethane/Urethane Other
VersaFlex Incorporated
Key Resin Company Raven Lining Systems
FSS 45 DC-F
Plasti-Chemie Raven Lining Systems
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Rhino Linings Corporation
Rhino SolarMax
Urethane/Urethane
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.13
Wastewater Plants SPONSORED BY
Wasser Corporation Denso North America KEMA Coatings LImited
Wasser Denso KEMA
MCU/MCU/MCU Tape Wraps Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 coats)
Watson Coatings, Inc. Devoe HPC (International Paint, LLC) Kopak Industries
Armorex Devoe High Performance Coatings Kopak
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Epoxy Coal Tar High Build (1 or 2 coats)
Wilko Paint, Inc. Diamond Vogel Paint Company Linabond
Wilko Iron Prime 600/Vers-Acryl 222 SP Mastic Sys, Structural Polymer Sys, Simulform
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic
The Dow Chemical Company Micor Company, Inc.
Vorastar Micorox 1882
Interior Exposure Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Environment Dunn-Edwards National Polymers, Inc.
Steel Multiple Brand Options Private Label
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
Duromar, Inc. NSP Specialty Products
ABRI Industries HPL-1110/HPL-1110 NSP-120 High Performance Epoxy Coating
IronBond 111 Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Inorganic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane
EA Wilcox Nukote Coating Systems Canada, Inc.
Altex Coatings Ltd. Wasser Nukote
Carboline MCU Zinc Rich/MCU/MCU Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
ENECON Corporation Nukote Coating Systems International
AmTech Tank Lining & Tank Repair Chemclad Nukote Chemshield
DuraChem 580 Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Other
Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 coats)
FSC Coatings, Inc. Oak Ridge Chemical and Equipment
ARC Composites, Div. of A.W. Chesterton Rustop/SP-X Silicone Poly Plus Oak Ridge
ARC S1 Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Urethane/Urethane
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Gemite Products, Inc. Peerless Industrial Systems
Arma Coatings Gem-Cote EP 100 Epigen
Arma 6000 Polyurea Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Global EcoTechnologies Polibrid Coatings, Inc.
Atlas Minerals & Chemicals, Inc. Endura-Flex Polibrid 705
Chempruf Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat) Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat)
Epoxy/Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
Grace Distributing Polycoat Products
Avilion, Inc. LifeGuard Active Rust Primer Polyeuro 5502
PPG Other Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Gulf Coast Paint Mfg., Inc. PPC Coatings (MTR)
Axalta Coating Systems, North America GCP PPC Coatings
Nap-Gard Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Other
Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (1-2 coats)
Heresite Protective Coatings, LLC PPG Protective & Marine Coatings
Benjamin Moore & Co. Heresite CSE-6200 Amercoat
Corotech Polyamide Epoxy Coating V400 Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Acrylic (1-2 coats)
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
HJ3 Composite Technologies Premier Coating Systems, Inc.
Blome International/Part of the HEMPEL Group HJ3 CarbonSeal Industrial Systems PCS-#1100/PCS-#4300
Versi-Line Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac Other
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Induron Coatings, Inc. Protective Floor and Linings Div. Milamar Ctgs
Bowers Industrial Perma-Clean II PF&L 1550HD
Duromar Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Industrial Nanotech, Inc. Randolph Products
CANUSA-CPS Nansulate PT Randogrip Navy G
Wrapid Bond Thermal Spray Other
Tape Wraps
International Paint, LLC Raven Lining Systems
Carboline Company Ceilcote Raven Lining Systems
Carboguard Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
International Polyurethane Systems REMA Corrosion Control, Inc.
CCI Con-Tech of California, Inc. SBR3002 Corogard
Hydro-Pox Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Isolatek International Rhino Linings Corporation
Ceilcote (International Paint, LLC) Fendolite M-II Rhino Extreme
Ceilcote/ Flakeline Thermal Spray Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Epoxy/Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
ITW Polymers Coatings North America Rodda Paint Co./Cloverdale Paint
CIM Industries AS-175 ClovaMastic
CIM Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat)
Jotun Paints, Inc. Roval USA Corp.
Corotech High Performance Coatings Penguard Express/Hardtop Flexi Roval R22 Cold Galvanizing Compound
Corotech Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Zinc-Rich, Organic
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
KCC Corrosion Control Co., Ltd. Rust Bullet, LLC
Corrocoat USA, Inc. Techni-Plus AEP 20.2 Rust Bullet Standard
Polyglass VEF Epoxy/Epoxy 100% solids Other
Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.14
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Sauereisen, Inc. Interior Exposure The Dow Chemical Company
Sauereisen Environment Vorastar
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Concrete Walls, Ceilings
Seacoat Technology Dudick, Inc.
Fluoro-Slik Protecto-Coat
Epoxy/Epoxy/Siloxane ABRI Industries Epoxy/Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester
MicroBond 87 Dunn-Edwards
Inorganic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane Multiple Brand Options
Advanced Chemical Technologies, Inc. Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
SIL-ACT Duromar, Inc.
Siloxane/Siloxane HPL-1110/HPL-1110
Alistagen Corporation Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Caliwel Antimicrobial EA Wilcox
Other Wasser
Altex Coatings Ltd. MCU/MCU/MCU
Sherwin-Williams Carboline ENECON Corporation
Macropoxy 646 Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Chemclad
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Andek Corporation Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Simpson Strong-Tie Cocoon Euclid Chemical Company
FX-480, FX-70-9 Protective Ctg. Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester Duralkote 240
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% solids
ARC Composites, Div. of A.W. Chesterton Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Specialty Products, Inc. (SPI) ARC CS2 FLOROCK, Crawford Labs, Inc.
Polyshield HT-100F UB, Polyshield HT, Polyshield Hi-Rise Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) CR 250
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Arma Coatings Urethane/Urethane
Stirling Lloyd Group Plc. Arma 6000 UV stable FSC Coatings, Inc.
Permare Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Bio-Safe Prime & Seal/MaxLife
Other
Atlas Minerals & Chemicals, Inc. Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic
Stirling Lloyd Products, Inc. Rezklad Gemite Products, Inc.
Permare Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Tuff-Flex CA
Other
Avilion, Inc. Other
Termarust Technologies PPG Global EcoTechnologies
Termarust TR2100 HR CSA Series Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Endura-Flex
Calcium Sulphonate
Benjamin Moore & Co. Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat)
Tesla NanoCoatings, Inc. Corotech Polyamide Epoxy Coating V400 Grace Distributing
Teslan Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy LifeGuard Active Rust Primer
Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Epoxy
Blome International/Part of the HEMPEL Group Other
Thermion Versi-Line Gulf Coast Paint Mfg., Inc.
Thermion Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) GCP
Thermal Spray
Bowers Industrial Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Thin Film Technology, Inc. Duromar Heresite Protective Coatings, LLC
Bio-Dur 560 Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Heresite VR-500
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Carboline Company Other
The Thortex Group Sanitile HJ3 Composite Technologies
Chemi-Tech Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids HJ3 CarbonSeal Industrial Systems
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
CCI Con-Tech of California, Inc. Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac
Tnemec Company, Inc. Hydro-Pox Hy-Tech Thermal Solutions
Hi-Build Epoxoline Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Barrier Coat
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Ceilcote (International Paint, LLC) Other
U.S. Coatings, LLC Ceilcote/ Flakeline Induron Coatings, Inc.
EpoxyGrip Epoxy/Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled Perma-Clean II
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
ChemCo Systems Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
VersaFlex Incorporated CCS HiChem Resistance Industrial Nanotech, Inc.
FSS 50 DM Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Nansulate GP
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats)
ChemMasters, Inc. Thermal Spray
Wasser Corporation Colorcoat International Cellulose Corporation
Wasser Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic K-13
MCU Zinc Rich/MCU/MCU
Corotech High Performance Coatings Thermal Spray
Watson Coatings, Inc. Corotech International Paint, LLC
Aqua-Shield Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Acrylic (1-2 coats) Ceilcote
Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic
Corrocoat USA, Inc. Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
Wilko Paint, Inc. Polyglass VEF International Polyurethane Systems
Wilko Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester SBR3002
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Crossfield Products Corp. Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 coats)
Wolverine Coatings Corporation Dex-O-Tex Jotun Paints, Inc.
ChemShield Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Penguard Express / Hardtop Flexi
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Devoe HPC (International Paint, LLC) Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane
ZRC Worldwide Devoe High Performance Coatings Kaufman Products, Inc.
ZRC-221 Cold Galvanizing Compound Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy SurePoxy HiBild
Zinc-Rich, Organic
Diamond Vogel Paint Company Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
Vers-Acryl 200/Vers-Acryl 222
Other
© 2014-2015 Technology Publishing Co.15
Wastewater Plants SPONSORED BY
KCC Corrosion Control Co., Ltd. Rainguard International Interior Exposure
Techni-Plus AEP 20.2 Rainguard Environment
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% solids Siloxane/Siloxane
Concrete Floors
Key Resin Company Raven Lining Systems
Key 544, Key 467-HS Raven Lining Systems
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) ABRI Industries
MicroBond 87
Kopak Industries REMA Corrosion Control, Inc.
Inorganic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane
Kopak Corogard
Epoxy Coal Tar High Build (1 or 2 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) AcryliCon Flooring Solutions
AcryliCon Decor
Kryton International, Inc. Rhino Linings Corporation
Other
Krystol T1, Krystol T2 Rhino Extreme
Other Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Advanced Chemical Technologies, Inc.
SIL-ACT
Linabond Rock-Tred Corporation
Siloxane/Siloxane
SP Mastic Sys, Structural Polymer Sys, Simulform Novo-Poxi
Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac Altex Coatings Ltd.
Carboline
Madewell Products Corporation Rodda Paint Co./Cloverdale Paint
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Mainstay Composite Liner ClovaMastic
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Andek Corporation
Polafloor Epoxy
Micor Company, Inc. Sauereisen, Inc.
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Micorox 1882 Sauereisen
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) ARC Composites, Div. of A.W. Chesterton
ARC CS2
Milamar Coatings, LLC SaverSystems/Defy
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
ICO Glaze MasonrySaver
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Siloxane/Siloxane Arizona Polymer Flooring, Inc.
Epoxy Novolac 900
National Polymers, Inc. Sherwin-Williams
Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac
Private Label WB Tile Clad
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Arma Coatings
Arma 6000
Northern Industries, Inc. Simpson Strong-Tie
Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 coats)
NI-21 FX-480, FX-498 Protective Ctg.
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Epoxy/Epoxy 100% solids Atlas Minerals & Chemicals, Inc.
Rezklad
NSP Specialty Products Specialty Products, Inc. (SPI)
Aquaseal Hi-Rise X3, Polyshield HT-100F UB, Ultra Bond Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
NSP-120 High Performance Epoxy Coating
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Avilion, Inc.
SpeedCove, Inc. DBA Solid Rock Enterprises PPG
Nukote Coating Systems Canada, Inc.
SpeedCove Precast Cove Base Systems Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Nukote
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Other Benjamin Moore & Co.
Termarust Technologies Corotech 100% Solid Epoxy Floor Coating V430
Nukote Coating Systems International
Termaflex TX4000 Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Nukote XT+
Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 coats) Other Blome International/Part of the HEMPEL Group
Thin Film Technology, Inc. Versi-Line
Oak Ridge Chemical and Equipment
Bio-Gard 258/251 Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac
Oak Ridge
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Bowers Industrial
The Thortex Group Duromar
Peerless Industrial Systems
Chemi-Tech Organic Zinc/Epoxy 100% Solids
Epigen
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Carboline Company
Tnemec Company, Inc. Sanitile
Polibrid Coatings, Inc.
Hi-Build Epoxoline Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Polibrid 705
Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat) Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy CCI Con-Tech of California, Inc.
Tuf Top Coatings Hydro-Pox
Polycoat Products
Tuf-Top Epoxy/Epoxy 100% solids
Polyeuro 5502
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Ceilcote (International Paint, LLC)
U.S. Coatings, LLC Ceilcote/ Flakeline MR
Polymax/Milamar Coatings, LLC
EpoxyGrip Epoxy/Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
PolyMax 250V-550
Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy ChemCo Systems
VersaFlex Incorporated CCS HiChem Resistance
PPC Coatings (MTR)
FSS 45 DC-F Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats)
PPC Coatings
Other Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 coats) ChemMasters, Inc.
Wasser Corporation Duraguard 100 Series
PPG Protective & Marine Coatings
Wasser Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Amercoat
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy MCU/MCU/MCU CIM Industries
Watson Coatings, Inc. CIM
Protective Floor and Linings Div. Milamar Ctgs
Armorex / Aqua-Shield Urethane Elastomeric (1 coat)
PF&L Fibercoat
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Epoxy (1-2 coats)/Acrylic (1-2 coats) Concrete Solutions Products by Rhino Linings
Wilko Paint, Inc. Concrete Solutions Epoxy 200
Wilko Epoxy/Epoxy 100% solids
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Convenience Products/Seal-Krete
Wolverine Coatings Corporation Seal-Krete Dura-Shell WB
ChemShield Urethane/Urethane
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 coats) Copps Industries, Inc.
Armorgard 500
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
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