ITL Public School Hand Out (2016-17)
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ITL Public School
Hand Out (2016-17)
Class: IX
Subject:History
Instructions i. The assignment should be read only after reading the chapter from the text book.
ii. Attempt the questions totally on your own .
I The Benefits of Sports
1. It is used for amusement of individuals.
2.We can have a means of healthy competition.
3.Means of staying fit.
4. A means of expressing social loyalties.
POSSIBLE QUESTIONS
1.Examine sports as an essential part of our life.
II The peculiarities of Cricket
1. No time limitations.It can go on for five days and still end in a draw.
2.No specified shape of the ground. Oval like the Adelaide and circular like Chepauk.
3.But one thing that is specified is the length of the pitch as 22 yards.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1.Justify Cricket as a Unique game.
III.The First Laws of Cricket
1.Principals to choose from amongst the Gentlemen ,the two umpires.
2.Stumps to be 22 inches high.
3. The bail six inches across them.
4. Ball must be between 5 to 6 ounces.
5.The stumps to be 22 yards apart.
6.There were no limits on the shape and size of the bat.
7.Maximum runs scored could be 40.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1.Enumerate the first Laws of Cricket.
IV.Changes in Cricket in the 2nd half of 18th century(after revision by MCC)
1. It was now common to pitch the ball through air.
2. Bowlers got the option of-length, deception through air and pace.
3. Bowlers could now spin and swing the ball also.
4. Batsmen had to master timing and shot selection.
5. Curved bat was replaced by a straight bat.
6. Ball was to weigh 5 ½ to 5 ¾ ounces.
7. Width of the bat was to be 4 inches.
8. The first leg-before-law was published.
9. A third stump also became common.
10.By 1780 three days became the length of a major match.
11.The six-seam cricket ball was also introduced.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1. Describe the laws of Cricket as they emerged in the second half of the 18th century.
V. Changes in Cricket in the 19th century
1.Rule of wide ball applied.
2. Exact circumference of the ball was specified.
3. Protective equipment like pads and gloves became available.
4. Boundaries were introduced.
15. Over arm bowling became legal.
POSSIBLE QUESTIONS
1.Highlight the features of Cricket in the 19th century.
2.Compare and contrast the laws of cricket for the 18th and 19th centuries.
VI. Cricket’s connection with rural past
1. Crickets emergence in England before the industrial Revolution made it a slow game because life in
villages was slow and people had time.
2. Originally Cricket was played in the open and wide countryside of the English villages, which led to the
vagueness in the size of the ground.
3. Even the tools used in cricket are all pre-industrial. Bat is made up of wood as are the stumps and bails.
4. The ball is made with twine , leather and cork.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1.`Cricket is a truly a pre-industrial sport in its essence’, Justify.
VII. Technological influence on protective equipment
1. The invention of vulcanized rubber in 1848.
2. Introduction of protective gloves.
3. Helmets made out of metal and synthetic light weight material.
POSSIBLE QUESTIONS
1. Examine the influence of technology on the game of Cricket.
VIII. Cricket and the sociery of Victorian England
a)The game between the Amateurs and professionals
1.The rich played the game for pleasure and were called –Amateurs or Gentlemen.
2.The rich treated the sport as a leisure and they did not play for money.
3. The money involved was not even enough for the rich to be interested.
4. The poor played the game for a living. They got their wages through patronage or subscription and
gate money.
5. As the game was seasonal during off season the poor would work as miners.
6. The poor were also called-Players or Professionals.
b)The superiority of the Amateurs became a part of the customs of Cricket
1. The professional and amateurs had different entries.
2. Amateurs tended to be batsmen.
3. Thus the energetic and hard working part of the game came to the professionals.
4. This explains the reason for cricket’s laws mostly favouring the batsmen.
5. The captain of the team was also usually a batsman.
c) Britain’s success in military (Napoleonic Wars) was due to values taught in Public schools.
1. English boarding schools prepared the English children for the three main professions of their land-
Military, Civil Service and church.
2. According to headmasters like Thomas Arnold team sports like cricket taught the English boys the
following values:
i. Discipline
ii. Importance of hierarchy
iii. The skills
iv. Codes of honour
v. Leadership.
3. These qualities helped them run a successful colonial empire that they were running.
4. Cricket helped the Victorian empire builders maintain a superior image about themselves. The spirit of
fair-play was held high.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1.`The customs of Cricket are mostly derived from Amateur -Cricket’ Justify.
2. Analyse the role of cricket in the creation of the Victorian empire.
3. Explain the factors that created the possibility of playing Cricket with the existence of Professionals and
Players.
2d) The real reasons for Military (Napoleonic Wars) Success
1. Due to the economic contribution of the
i. Iron works of Scotland and Wales.
ii. The mills of Lancashire.
iii. The financial houses of the city of London
IX. The way cricket spread in West Indies
1. Playing cricket was a sign of superiority so the subjects were discouraged from playing cricket.
2. However the first non white club was established in West Indies at the end of 19th century.
3. The black people played cricket informally on the beaches, back alleys and parks
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1.Examine the methods used by the colonized people of West Indies to play the game of cricket amongst
themselves.
X. Reasons for popularity of Cricket in West Indies
1. Winning the game of Cricket became a measure of racial equality and political progress for the natives
of West Indies.
2. Leaders like Forbes Burnham and Eric Williams saw in the game a chance for self respect and
international standing.
3. Thus when West Indies won their first Test series against England in 1950 it was celebrated as a national
achievement.
4. Two ironies of this victory
a. The West Indian team that won was captained by a white player. They were captained by a black player
in 1960 named Frank Worrell.
b. At this time the West Indies represented several nations that later became independent countries.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1.`For the West Indians victory in Cricket was equivalent to self respect’, Justify.
XI. The game of Cricket in India just when the English came(18th century)
1. First record of Cricket being played in India is in 1721, when recreational cricket was played by English
sailors in Cambay.
2. In 1702 the first British Indian Cricket Club was established.
3. The game was played wholly by British military men and civil servants in all white clubs and
gymkhanas.
4. The English played this game in the privacy of their clubs for:
a. Fun; and
b. To escape the discomfort and danger of their stay in India.
5. Indians were considered to have no talent for the game and were not meant to play it.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1.`The Indians could pick up interest in Cricket only gradually, after the coming of the British in India’,
Analyse.
OR
2. `Cricket did not become an instant sensation with the Indians’, Justify.
XII. Parsis and the game of Cricket
1. Due to two reasons the Parsis were in closer contact with the English:
a. They were successful businessmen; and
b. Their ability to westernize.
2. They became the first Indian community to play cricket.
3. They founded the first Indian Cricket club called the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay in 1848.
4. There was a quarrel between the Bombay Gymkhana (Only whites club) and Parsi cricketers over the use
of Public Park.
5. The Parsis could not play in the park since it was dug up by the polo ponies used by the Bombay
Gymkhana. Thus they complained.
36. The Parsis then built their own Gymkhana.
7. Finally a Parsi team beat the Bombay Gymkhana at cricket in 1889.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1. Describe the evolution of Cricket under game played by Parsis.
XIII-Establishment of other Cricket Clubs in India/Reasons why English took interest in creating
Cricket clubs based on religion
1. In 1890’s Hindus and Muslims got busy in gathering funds for Hindu and Islam Gymkhanas.
2. British did not see India as a nation, thus they encouraged divisions based on religion.
3. Colonial officers regarded religious communities as separate nationalities.
4. Applications that opted for communal categories were favoured.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1.Analyse the immediate effect that the Parsi Gymkhana created.
XIV-First class cricket played on racial and communal lines
1. Quadrangular tournament-Europeans, Parsis, Hindus and Muslims.
2. Pentangular-A fifth team called, `The Rest’ was added.
3. This team consisted of the Indian Christians for eg Vijay Hazare.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1. Explain the racial and communal organization of the game of Cricket in India.
XV. Criticism to the communal and racial cricket; and the reaction
1. Three notable people who tried to criticize this kind of a communally divisive cricket were:
a. S.A. Brelvi-Editor of Bombay Chronicle.
b. A.F.S.Talyarkhan-Famous radio commentator
c. Mahatma Gandhi
2. They said that the tournament was out of place when the nationalists were trying to unite the diverse
population of India.
4. A first class tournament on regional lines was organized as the National Cricket Championship, later this
was called Ranji Trophy
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1. `The National Cricket Championship was India’s answer to the Pentangular’, Justify.
XVI. Decolonisation and sport
1. English freed India from its rule in 1947 but they did not free the game of cricket from their rule so
quick.
2. England and other white commonwealth countries continued to play cricket with South Africa, even
though the latter was a racist state.
3. Test playing nations like India and Pakistan boycotted South Africa but they did not have the power to
debar South Africa from, the game.
4. The Imperial Cricket conference which was dominated by England and Australia retained the right to
veto till 1989. Though the name of ICC was changed into International Cricket Conference in 1965.
5. South Africa could be debarred from playing cricket only when the newly decolonized nations of Asia
and Africa put political pressure for the same.
6. This was also made possible due to the liberal political atmosphere in England
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1. Trace the process of England’s release of the game of Cricket from its racial clutches
.
XVII. The decade of 1970’s for cricket
1.1970-notable for the exclusion of South Africa from the game of cricket.
2. 1971-First one day international was played between England and Australia in Melbourne.
3. 1975-First world cup was staged .
4. 1977-Cricket celebrated its 100 years.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1. Highlight the decade of 1970’s as a sensational one for cricket.
4XVIII. Kerry Packer & Cricket
1. Kerry Packer was an Australian Business tycoon.
2. He saw the money making potential of the game.
Kerry Packer’s Circus
1.He signed up 51 leading cricketers of the world against the wishes of the Cricket board.
2.He then staged for two years , unofficial Tests and ODI’s under the name of World Cricket Series.
Innovations introduced by Packer during the World Cricket Series
1.Coloured Dress.
2. Protective helmets.
3. Field restrictions.
4. Cricket under lights.
Effect of the innovations introduced by Packer
1. He made people realize that cricket was a marketable game.
2. Cricket boards could now become rich by selling television rights to TV companies.
3. TV channels now made money by selling TV spots to companies.
4. Companies paid enormous money to the TV channels for giving them these spots.
5. Cricketers became celebrities through continuous TV coverage.
6. Cricketers now earned money from: a) Cricket board; and b) From Companies who launched them in
commercials.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1. `Kerry Packer’s circus created a domino effect in the world of cricket’, Explain.
XIX .Effect of television coverage on Cricket
1. Audience for the game expanded since the game now reached towns and villages.
2. The game’s social base was broadened.
3. Children from small villages and towns could now watch the game and enjoy their performance.
4. Due to satellite TV and multi-national TV companies a global market was created for cricket.
The effect of Globalization on Cricket
1.A match in one part of the world could be watched in the other.
2. Due to:
i. India’s largest viewership of the game; and
ii. Largest market in the cricketing world, the game’s centre of gravity shifted to South Asia.
Signs of the significant shift of cricket from the Anglo-Australian axis
1. The ICC headquarters shifted from London to tax free Dubai. thus symbolizing this change.
2. Pakistan pioneered two bowling styles:
i. The Doosra-developed to counter aggressive batsmen with heavy modern bats who threatened to make
finger spin useless.
ii. The Reverse swing-to move the ball in ,on dusty and unresponsive wickets in clear skies.
3. Initially England and Australia viewed the innovation with suspicion tagging them as illegal bending of
the laws of cricket.
4. But later they understood that Cricket was not the sole possession of theirs. The new styles were then
taken over by all cricketers over the world.
POSSIBLE QUESTION
1. Discuss the shift of Cricket from the Anglo-Australian axis.
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