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Info for exhibition
organisers
Thank you so much for taking part in the HMD 2022 exhibition. Follow
these easy steps to mark HMD in a meaningful way:
If your Jsoc would like to host one of these exhibitions, follow these easy
steps:
1. Book a room in the SU, library or another space where many
students will be passing. You can book a room on HMD itself, or
another available date.
2. Advertise the exhibit on your socials, and reach out to other societies
(eg history society) to spread the word. You can use the poster on the
next page to do this. To request an editable poster, please email
jodief@ujs.org.uk
3. Print the posters for the exhibition (colour, single sided) and stick
them around the room. You can put the advertising poster on the
door to encourage students to enter the room. You may want to buy
tea-lights or similar to create the desired atmosphere
4. The exhibit will be open all day, and students can enter at any time
and take a few minutes to walk through the exhibition.
5. Optional extra: create a rota so that (at least) one committee member
will be in the room at all times, to have conversations with students
about HMD and the exhibition
Holocaust Memorial Day
2022
Free exhibition
Open all day
Take just a few minutes to
learn from our past, for a
better future.
Holocaust Memorial Day
2022
Welcome to this exhibition to mark HMD 2022.
The following exhibition will take you through a
timeline of events before, during and after the
Holocaust. Please take your time to read and
process each part of the exhibition.
The following journey contains descriptions and
images of violence, warfare and murder.
For support and further information please visit:
hmd.org.uk
ujs.org.uk/important_helplines
Holocaust Memorial Day
2022
The Holocaust was the genocide of approximately
eleven million people during World War II.
The Holocaust threatened the fabric of civilisation, and
genocide must still be resisted every day. Our world
often feels fragile and vulnerable and we cannot be
complacent. Even in the UK, prejudice and the language
of hatred must be challenged by us all.
Each year across the UK, thousands of people come
together to learn more about the past and take action to
create a safer future.
Together we bear witness to the atrocities of the past,
and honour the survivors and all those whose lives were
changed beyond recognition.
Pre-war Jewish life
In 1933, over 9 million Jews lived in Europe,
nearly 2% of the total population.
Pre-war Jewish life
A Polish shtetl in winter
A girls cheder (religious school) in Lublin
Market day in the shtetl
A man purchasing
herring in Mukacevo
Many eastern European Jews lived in small
Jewish villages called shtetls. They spoke
Yiddish (a mix of Hebrew and German), and
dressed in traditional clothing.
Pre-war Jewish life
Classmates at a school in Prague, 1928
The Jewish quarter of Paris, 1930's
A Jewish wedding in Amsterdam, 1933
German Jewish soldiers
during world war I.
Jews in western Europe were more assimilated
into the general population. Yiddish was less
commonly spoken, and they tended to live in
major towns and cities.
Reflection Point
Do you know any Jews in your city?
What proportion of the general population do
you think Jews make up today?
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler, a fascist politician, was born in
Austria in 1889. After serving in WWI, he rose
to become the leader of the Nationalist Socialist
German Workers' (Nazi) Party.
The swastika, the symbol of
the Nazi party
Adolf Hitler
In the aftermath of WWI, thousands of Germans
felt disenfranchised and frustrated by the loss
and the state of the economy in Germany. They
were captivated by Hitler's style and charisma,
and joined the Nazi party.
Hitler's rise to power
In 1923, Hitler and the Nazis attempted to
overthrow local authorities in Munich. This coup
became known as the Beer Hall Putsch, and
resulted in Hitler's arrest.
Troops supporting Hitler's arrival in
Munich, November 1923
Adolf Hitler and other participants in
the Beer Hall Putsch
Mein Kampf
Whilst in prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, his
antisemitic manifesto including his plans for the
future of Germany.1933
Reflection Point
How would you feel if your university censored
your reading material?
What if it was your community being silenced?Dachau
Dachau was the first concentration camp
established by the Nazis. Most prisoners in the
early concentration camps were those thought
to be a threat to the Nazi regime: socialists;
communists; Roma gypsies and homosexuals -
those considered to be "un-German".
A memorial at DachauChanging times
From 1933 onwards, many laws were passed by
the ruling Nazi party to concretise the Nazi beliefs
into law. These included forced sterilisation of
disabled people, banning Jews from attending
public schools, and persecuting homosexuals.
Pupils in a school in Berlin, 1934
Crowds at the Nazi party rally
in Nuremberg, 1935
The Nuremberg Race Laws (1935) detailed that
only racially pure Germans can hold German
citizenship, and banned marriage between
Germans and Jews, Roma Gypsies and people of
colour.Kristallnacht
In November 1938, Nazi leaders unleashed a
series of pogroms (organised massacre) against
the Jewish population in Germany. This event
came to be called Kristallnacht (The Night of
Broken Glass) because of the shattered glass that
littered the streets after that night.
Jewish businesses, homes and synagogues were
vandalised and destroyed during the violence.Reflection Point
First you are forced into segregated schools.
Then you can't marry who they choose.
Now your homes and businesses are vandalised.
Could it get any worse?Kindertransport
In the wake of Kristallnacht, the British
government permitted thousands of children to
escape Nazi occupied territories and take refuge
in Britain. These children would have otherwise
been persecuted by the Nazis.
Children travelling to Britain by boat
and train on the Kindertransport
program
Approximately 10,000 children survived the
war thanks to the generosity of the British
government. Many were the sole survivors of
large families.The outbreak of WWII
On September 1st 1939, Germany invaded
Poland, causing Britain and France to declare
war on Germany. The German army invaded
much of Europe, destroying Jewish towns and
communities in their wake.
Evening newspaper placards in London announce the
news of Germany's invasion of Poland.Nazi camps
Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its
allies established more than 44,000 camps and
other incarceration sites. These sites were used
for a range of purposes, including forced labor,
detention of people thought to be enemies of the
state, and for mass murder.
A map detailing the extermination and concentration
camps in occupied Poland, 1942Auschwitz
A gas chamber and cremation furnaces at Auschwitz
Auschwitz was the largest of the death camps,
established in May 1940. Over 1,100,000 people
were murdered at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Most
prisoners were killed on arrival. Some were
were forced to work before being shot, some
underwent medical experimentation and others
were taken on a death march.Prisoner markings
From 1938, Jews in the camps were identified by
a yellow star sewn onto their prison uniforms, a
perversion of the Jewish Star of David. After
1939 and with some variation from camp to
camp, the categories of prisoners were easily
identified by a marking system combining a
coloured inverted triangle with lettering. The
badges sewn onto prisoner uniforms enabled SS
guards to identify the alleged grounds for
incarceration.
A chart of prisoner markings used in German concentration camps. The Nazis used this chart
illustrating prisoner markings in the Dachau concentration camp.Reflection Point
Why did the SS have a system of badging and
identification within the camps, if everyone was a
prisoner?
How do badges and numbers dehumanize individuals?Ghettos
The Nazis established ghettos in many cities
across occupied Europe. Ghettos were
segregated parts of a city in which Jews were
forced to live.
Children begging in the Warsaw ghetto
The Warsaw ghetto was the largest in all of
Europe. On November 16th 1940, Warsaw's
Jews (about 30% of the population) were
pressed into just 2.4% of the city's surface area.
The ghetto was unsanitary, overcrowded and
prone to diseases such as typhus. Thousands of
people died from malnutrition or illness.Wannsee Conference
In January 1942, Nazi leaders gathered together
to coordinate "the Final Solution to the Jewish
Problem," for an estimated 11,000,000 Jews.
The meeting was chaired by Reinhard Heydrich
with the participation of 15 officials and
representatives of the Reich authorities.
The house of the Wannsee Conference, near Berlin
As a result of this meeting, enemies of the Reich
were killed in an organised, systematic way
through extermination camps, mass shootings
and other barbaric methods.Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
In April 1943, the Nazis attempted to liquidate
the remaining Jews in Warsaw ghetto. The Jews
inside the ghetto resisted these efforts for 27
days, making the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising the
largest Jewish uprising in WWII.
A Jewish underground bunker in the
Warsaw ghetto.
With no military training and few weapons, the
Jewish resistance eventually succumbed to the
Nazis, who raised the ghetto to the ground in
May 1943. This courageous event inspired
resistance fighters in other ghettos across
Europe.Reflection Point
Time and again, people have had their voices
taken away by oppression. Standing up and
speaking out against atrocities can make an
immeasurable difference.Roma Gypsies
In August 1944, the 'Gyspy family camp" at
Auschwitz was liquidated by the SS. Over 1,000
Roma Gypsies were transported to the
concentration camp at Buchenwald, and the
remaining 3,000 were murdered in the gas
chambers at Birkenau.
A prisoner at the "Gypsy family camp"
An estimated half million Roma and Sinti
perished during the Holocaust.Death Marches
By 1945, the allied forces were making headway,
and approaching Auschwitz-Birkenau. In an
attempt to cover up the atrocities that occurred,
the SS demolished the gas chambers and
crematoria at the camp. Surviving prisoners
were taken on "death marches". Thousands of
people were forced to march for miles, further
into German-controlled territory.
Dachau inmates on a death march
SS guards shot anyone who fell behind.
Prisoners suffered from the cold weather,
starvation, and exposure.Reflection Point
Siegfried Fedrid, an Austrian inmate, grabbed
his blanket from Auschwitz before leaving the
camp for the death march. He shared it with
other prisoners to survive the freezing nights.
Siegfried's blanket from Auschwitz
Temperatures were as low as –30 °C.Liberation of Auschwitz
On January 27th 1945, Soviet forces liberated
Auschwitz-Birkenau. There they found more
than 7,000 starving inmates, weak and dying.
The atrocities which took place there were
finally revealed to the world.
A Russian teenager is rescued by Soviet forces
Today, the anniversary of the liberation is
known as Holocaust Memorial Day.Each of these shoes belonged to a child, taken from their homes and transported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Focus on just one shoe, and think about the child who's life was cruelly cut short by the Nazi regime.
After the War
Survivors of the Holocaust were scattered all
across the world, looking for their families and
friends. Many did not discover the fates of their
loved ones until years later.
Survivor Nina Weil displays the numbered tattoo given to her at Auschwitz
Mental and physical trauma from their experiences
often made survivor's lives immeasurably difficult
and painful.Today
Survivors of the Holocaust share their stories
with the world to ensure that the memories of
those who perished will never be forgotten.
On Holocaust Memorial Day 2022, we must
each play our part to recognise discrimination
and hatred and fight against it.
"Whoever saves one life has saved an entire
world."
Jewish proverbJews
Soviets
Poles
Serbs
People with disabilities
Roma Gypsies
Jehovah's Witnesses
Criminals
Political prisoners
Homosexuals
Men
Women
Children
11,000,000 people
We remember them.Template
Thank you so much for engaging in this exhibition.
We hope you have learnt valuable lessons about
the past to shape the future.
For support and further information please visit:
hmd.org.uk
ujs.org.uk/important_helplines
Information has been taken from the following
websites:
www.hmd.org.uk
www.encyclopedia.ushmm.org
www.auschwitz.net/en
www.facinghistory.org
www.yadvashem.org
www.history.comYou can also read
