IMM Competition DISCOVER BELGIUM'S CULTURAL HISTORY BE SAFE THIS SUMMER - SHAPE Community Life - SHAPE2DAY
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SHAPE Community Life June 2021 IMM Competition DISCOVER BELGIUM'S CULTURAL HISTORY BE SAFE THIS SUMMER
EDITOR’s Letter
Dear Shapians,
There is a feeling that everybody (I assume) has experienced in his/
her life: the end of the school year mood in June. It is a kind of last day
blues that makes you feel foreign emotions.
Certain years are very special, as the one at the end of High School, which
does mark a big change in a lifetime; we remember the transition from
being called teenagers to early youngsters, or even from child to adult.
During this whole process we believe that something new is about to
come, an exciting life is waiting for you, with less control from parents
and more independence. For me, this is more or less a step to follow; it
is like adding the layers of an onion, or annual rings to a tree. But of
course, it is a matter of perspective; when you see it from your 17 year
old’s viewpoint, no doubt that it is a change in a lifetime! Some youths
are planning to have a gap year, some others going to university, or
even starting working.
Whatever they choose… All the best!!!
María José Tezanos Bustamante
Community Event & Communication Management
SHAPE Morale & Welfare Branch
SHAPE Community Life (SCL) is an authorized unofficial magazine, Officer-in-Charge
published monthly by Base Support Group (BSG). The views María José Tezanos Bustamante (NIC)
065/44.2221
expressed in SCL are the sole responsibility of the authors. maria.tezanos@shape.nato.int
Acceptance of material does not guarantee publication. Asst. Community Event & Communication Management
Mar Domínguez Martínez (ESP-Civ)
The Officer-in-Charge (OIC) reserves the right to refuse a 065/44.2009
submission and the right to edit or shorten any material or article mar.martinez@shape.nato.int
submitted. No liability is accepted for the validity of articles, NATO-SHAPE Internship Programme
announcements or advertising appearing in this magazine. Articles María Ramírez Clemente
maria.clemente@shape.nato.int
and photos must acknowledge all sources used, as the OIC cannot
be held responsible for breaches of copyright. SCL cannot accept Guest Columnist
responsibility for errors or omissions which may occur during Mike Adubato (NIC)
production. Printer
Imprimerie European Graphics S.A.
Please Note: any materials submitted with articles (e.g.: disks,
photos), left more than 60 days, will be disposed of. SHAPE Community Life: Bldg. 102 Room 105 - 065/44.2069
All the events announced could be postponed or cancelled due to security reasons related to
COVID-19 outbreak. Please, visit SHAPE2day website, SHAPE Morale & Welfare & SHAPE Notification
Facebook Pages for a more accurate and updated information.
www.shape2day.com SCL 1
CONTENTS
June 2021
COMMUNITY NEWS
3 102nd Anniversary: Commemoration of ATATÜRK, Youth & Sports Day
4 IC3 Charity Tombola
6 Ramadan and Ramadan Fest Celebration at SHAPE
8 Greek Orthodox Easter
10 SHAPE International Toastmasters Club
MILITARY NEWS
12 New start for the IMM Competition
16
14 The Battle of Crete
16 Italy Republic Day
17 Keep Your Eye Open italy republic day
18 Legal News!
SHAPE LIFE
24 SHAPE International Band
26 From SHAPE with Love
28 Life in ISS
31 Color your World at the Library this Summer
32 Exhibition Arne Quinze - My Secret Garden
34 Staying Well Together at SHAPE!
37 Virtue and Ethics in Ancient Greek Philosophy
38 Be Safe this Summer
TRAVEL NATO SOFA 70th anniversary 18
40 Discover Belgium’s Cultural History with the Museum Pass
42 The Royal Museum of Mariemont
43 Discover Italy - Turin
SPORTS & FITNESS
44 The Sporting Life
45 Be active and Make your Daily Exercising More Fun
MORALE & WELFARE
38
48 SHAPE Auditorium - Cinema
49 SHAPE International Library - SHAPE Language Centre be safe this summer
50 Rationed Items Store
51 B3’s - SHAPE Club - Pizza Bowl - Rendez-Vous - Silver Spoon
52 SHAPE Sports & Fitness
SHAPE AGENDA
53 Dates for your Diaries
54 Ongoing
55 SHAPE Travel Group
56 Forum and Puzzles
Photo Cover Credits:
40
SHAPE Public Affairs Office - SHAPE Photographic Section
discover belgium
2 SCL
Community News
102 Anniversary of 19 May
nd
Commemoration of ATATÜRK,
Youth and Sports Day By ÇOBANOĞLU Nurettin OR-9, TUR AF
T
he Commemoration of ATATÜRK, Youth and released a message to the Turkish youth that are
Sports Day is an annual Turkish national currently the members of SHAPE Turkish Society.
event celebrated on May 19 every year with In his message, NMR TUR Major Genaral Rasim
great importance in the history of Turkey. The YALDIZ stated that:
founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal
ATATÜRK arrived Samsun, a city by the Black Sea,
from Istanbul on 19 May 1919 to organize the
movement for enduring the Turkish independence
in order to establish modern Turkey. That was
the first step taken towards enduring the Turkish
freedom. And this significant date is the day
when the foundations of the new Turkish state
were laid. Therefore, Mustafa Kemal’s landing at
Samsun is also regarded as the beginning of the
Turkish War of Independence.
independence.
“
“Today, we are proud of celebrating the 102nd
anniversary of our struggle for enduring our
19 May symbolizes the torch that was lit in Samsun
under the leadership of Supreme Commander
Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK that illuminated the whole
Anatolia and the beginning of an epic struggle for
enduring Turkish independence.
On this meaningful day, I commemorate especially
Gazi Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK, the leader of our
The great leader Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK marked
19 May as his birthday and dedicated this day to War of Independence and the founder of our
the youth of the Turkish nation in 1938. Some of his Republic, and all of our martyrs and veterans with
quotes addressing Turkish youth are: respect.
“Youth! We founded the Republic, you are the I hereby congratulate the 19 May Commemoration
ones who will advance and sustain it.” of Atatürk, Youth and Sports Day of our youth, who
“All my hope is in youth.” are our future and our hope, and whose duty is
“ Turkish youth! Your first duty is to protect and to to preserve and defend the Republic of Turkey
defend the Turkish independence and the Turkish forever.”
Republic forever.”
The day received its present name, the
“Commemoration of ATATÜRK, Youth and Sports
Day”, in 1981, the date which marks the 100th
anniversary of ATATÜRK’S birth.
This important day is celebrated with enthusiasm
every year and various sports events take place
throughout Turkey. Youths organize colorful
May 19 events, sing national anthem and read
May 19 poems reflecting the excitement of this
important date. They also carry the national flag
from Samsun to Ankara, the Turkish capital. The
marathon usually takes about 10 days. The Turkish
president accepts the flag at a ceremony on May 19.
This year the coronavirus pandemic has cast
shadow on “Commemoration of ATATÜRK, Youth and
Sports Day” celebrations at SHAPE. Nonetheless an
alternate activity was organized by Turkish NMR in
line with HN regulations and Celebration and Gift
Cards have been distributed to Turkish Youth as a
memory of this important day.
For the annual celebration of the “19 May
Commemoration of ATATÜRK, Youth and Sports
Day”, NMR TUR Major Genaral Rasim YALDIZ
www.shape2day.com SCL 3
IC3s Charity Tombola - Help Us Send
“Kids in a Foster Home” to Camp!
By Auburn Cowman (CAN), Pam Giacomello (CAN) and Vic
Hobby (GBR)
T
he pandemic may have imposed physical
restrictions on the Shapian community this
year, but it had no effect on the community’s
giving spirit. Or IC3’s willingness to support that
or others in need.
A Charity Tombola is being launched Friday 28 May,
tailored for COVID restrictions but with a goal to
renew or make new the summer memories for
some children from a foster care home, called:
S.A.A.E. Bethlehem.
These are children who, for whatever reason,
are housed during traumatic events not of their
making. As in the past years, a week at Verlaine in
the Ardennes - hiking and biking, collecting eggs
at a nearby farm, crafts and games. It was not
an inconsiderable cost per child, but the value is
priceless (Staff accompany them, will continue to
have their salaries paid by the government).
4 SCL
Give 2€ for 1 chance OR 5€ for 3!! Tickets will be emailed to meet COVID restrictions
(20€ for 12 chances etc.) geared towards our continued safety. One of our IC3
Board members has a bingo machine which can be
Request your number on shape2day.com or programmed to randomly pick numbers. The numbers
via EM: shape.ic3@gmail.com Every ticket will be announced LIVE on FB and all winners will be
drawn will be for each of the donated prizes notified again by email.
on our list!!
For the prizes, IC3 was inspired to not only appeal to
the SHAPE community for donations this year, but the
wider local community who offer goods and services
not always known, particularly to newcomers. The
Board members also discovered in the local area,
many of us were using different businesses’ that
enhanced our life here at SHAPE.
We asked – and they said: “Yes!” As a thank you, we
will promote their goods and services on our FB page,
SHAPE Magazine, and IC3 Blog.
It was seen as a happy win-win opportunity for both
the ticket holder to find a new source for a good
pizza or a new haircut, as well as for the participating
merchant, who perhaps has had a tough year, to meet
a new customer.
Community collaboration has always been a hallmark
for IC3.
As many of IC3s regular events, remain “virtual”,
thankfully the summer camp can still go ahead so
long as organizers adhere to Belgian government
restrictions.
The children will be ecstatic! Those who participate in
this fundraising event - will have the satisfaction of
knowing that they are spreading some joy to others
and feel a sense of belonging to our international
community, doing something good.
www.shape2day.com SCL 5
RAMADAN AND
By CIN Murat OF-3 TUR-Army
RAMADAN FEST
CELEBRATION
AT SHAPE
A nother holy month for Muslims passed this
year again under coronavirus precautions.
Ramadan (9th month Islamic lunar year), is the
month of fasting, forgiveness and mercy.1 Ramadan is
a very important time in the Islamic calendar because
Muslims believe the Holy Quran, last blessing/warning
of almighty God to mankind, was started to reveal in
Ramadan.
Every day on the month of Ramadan (lasts 29 or 30 as an act of worship, an opportunity to get closer to
days depending on the lunar month) from dawn to God, and a way to become more compassionate to
sunset, healthy adult Muslims have to abstain from; ones in need.
drinking, eating, intimacy and immoral acts. This is
called fasting, the fourth Pillar of Islam. Children, Ramadan is also a time for being spiritual, prayer,
pregnant women, the elderly and those who are ill or performing good deeds and spending time with family
who are travelling, do not have to fast. and friends. Normally, people make a special effort
to connect with their communities and reach out to
Fasting exists in Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism,
people who need help.
Taoism and in a variety of forms in Christianity as well.
That is why the Qur’an says: “O, you who believe! At the end of the fasting- when the sun has gone down-
Fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those usually, families and friends get together to break their
before you…” (Baqara 183-184) fasting which is called iftar, a prolonged dinner.
Fasting is also very popular nowadays on dietary/ There is a special festival to mark the end of Ramadan.
health basis. It is practiced as intermittent fasting. This is called Eid al-Fitr – the Festival of the Breaking
Fasting periods shorter than 24 hours like in the Fast, one of two major holidays in Islam countries.
intermittent fasting are proven to be effective for Eid al-Fitr takes place on the 1st of Shawwal, start of
weight loss and to maintain lean body mass.2 Health the 10th month of the Islamic lunar year.
benefits of fasting (can be seen on the info-graphic) In Turkey, nationwide celebrated holidays are referred
are scientifically proven, hunger fights with cancer as “bayram”, and Eid al-Fitr is referred as both “Şeker
cells renovates cellular structure of body and this
Bayramı (Bayram of Sweets) and Ramazan Bayramı
process is called autophagy.
(Ramadan Bayram)”.
The basic idea behind autophagy is in the absence
The holiday celebration begins early in the morning
of external food resources, body begins to eat itself,
demolishing and recycling its own cell bits and proteins, with a special congregational worship. The Eid prayers
so newer and healthier ones can be build.3 Fasting is are often held in big Mosques or a specially designated
also a healthy way to trigger autophagy process. gathering place, such as a park or convention centre,
meant to accommodate large numbers of Muslims
On the spiritual and moral level, Fasting means
from several local masjids. After the prayer, the imam
struggling to develop self-restraint, God-
(worship leader) delivers a short khutbah (sermon,
consciousness and piety. Muslim strive in Ramadan
preach or address). Then everyone meets at the exit of
to curb all detrimental desires and negative or
uncharitable thoughts, and to nurture love, patience, mosque to congratulate, greet and hug one another.
unselfishness and social consciousness. Muslims fast The rest of the festival’s celebrations are held among
t Traditional Bayram
wishes from the Istanbul
Metropolitan Municipality,
stating “Let us love, Let us be
loved”, in the form of mahya
lights5 stretched across the
minarets of the Blue Mosque
in Istanbul.
6 SCL
family and friends, and include visits, shared meals, on Halloween. In Muslim countries, festivities are often
new clothes, gifts for young children, and lot of taking for three or more days.
sweets. It is time to people put on their best clothes
In order to share the spirit of the occasion with all
(referred as bayramlık, often purchased newly just
members of society, Muslims pay special nominal charity
for the occasion), visit all their loved ones (such as
money (Fitre) which is used to purchase food, clothing
elders, relatives, neighbours and friends) to pay their
respect. It is also customary for children to go around and gifts for needy persons.4 It constitutes the social
their neighbourhood, door to door and wish everyone welfare dimension of Ramadan. The members of Turkish
“happy bayram”, for which they are awarded with community in SHAPE may be fasting between 13th April
candy, chocolates, traditional sweets such as Baklava and 12th of May, thus if your Turkish colleague kindly
and Turkish Delights, or a small amount of money at refuses your offers relating to eating-drinking please do
every door, it is like children going out for trick or treat not be offended and wish them a good Ramadan period.
This year the coronavirus pandemic has also cast a shadow of mass celebration “The Feast of Ramadan” at SHAPE. Turkish NMR found another way
and Major General Rasim YALDIZ accepted limited visitors on his garden in line with HN regulations. He emphasized that this traditional event
is a good opportunity to call and remember families, relatives, friends and helping people who are in need. Also he expressed his wishes of peace,
health and wealth for the families.
1
Şaban Ali Düzgün and Eşref Sağlık, Uncovering Islam, https://www2.diyanet.gov.tr/DiniYay%C4%B1nlarGenelMudurlugu/YabanciDildeYayinlar/in-
gilizce/ingilizce_islam.pdf, pp.144-145, retrived at 01.04.2021. 2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasting, retrived at 01.04.2021. 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Autophagy, retrived at 01.04.2021. 4Ibid. 5Mahya is writing verses in light form between minarets, it is a Turkish addition to Islam tradition which started in
Ottoman Empire times. 6Benefits of Fastingpicture, https://thefoodellers.com/en/intermittent-fasting-guide-beginners, retrieved at 06/04/2021.
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Since the date of Greek Orthodox Easter is based
on a modified Julian calendar, most of the time its
date differs from the date of Easter in Western
Christianity. Unlike Christmas, Easter is always a
moveable feast.
In Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Easter
preparations begin with the Great Lent, 40 days of
reflection and fasting, lasting from Clean Monday
to Lazarus Saturday, which falls eight days before
Easter Sunday. The day after Lazarus Saturday is
(Palm Sunday), when the entry of Jesus to Jerusalem
is celebrated, and which marks the beginning of
the Holy Week to follow. The Gospel read in church
during that week, which is also called Passion Week,
recounts the Passions of Christ, the painful days
GREEK that led Him to the Cross and then to Resurrection.
Going to church and attending the liturgies
throughout the Holy Week is a fundamental part
ORTHODOX
of the celebrations, which combine the religious
sentiment with unique traditions and customs
that make Easter in Greece different than Easter
EASTER
celebrations in other lands.
On Holy Thursday, the day that Jesus was crucified
according to the Gospel, church chandeliers are
By Maria Michelinaki, GRC Civ
decorated with black and purple ribbons to honor
the mourning of His coming death. At the same
O
rthodox Easter, also called Pascha (which time, every Greek household gets involved in the
means the eternal Passover from death preparation of the symbolic brightly dyed red eggs.
to life and from earth to heaven), is This custom goes back to the early Christian era,
marking the blood that Christ shed on the cross for
considered to be one of the oldest, and definitely
the redemption of all men whilst also representing
the most important, festivals in the Christian
rebirth. The hard shell of the eggs symbolizes the
calendar. Every Easter, Greeks express their
sealed tomb of Christ wherSeas their cracking,
gratitude and praise the Lord who died on the during the Easter Sunday Table, illustrates His
cross, receiving our death penalty for sin, and Resurrection. Women are baking “koulourakia”
celebrate the miracle of the Resurrection: the (κουλουρáκια), butter twisted cookies finished
rise of Jesus Christ from the dead and the robust with an egg glaze to give them a shine, and
promise of the afterlife. His Resurrection forms “tsoureki” (τσουρéκι), traditional sweet bread,
the basis of Christian faith as it demonstrates round or braided with a red egg placed perfectly
Jesus to be the Son of God, and symbolizes His in the middle, which is eaten after midnight mass on
sovereignty over death. Easter Saturday.
8 SCLHoly or Good Friday is considered to be a sacred
day in Greece. Flags at homes and government
buildings are waving at half-mast and church bells
ring mournfully all day long. Traditionally, the day
starts out with local girls and women decorating
a replica (“epitaph”) of Christ’s funeral bier with
flowers of various colors. The icon of Christ is taken
off the cross, then wrapped in linen and placed in
the Bier “Epitaphios” (Επιτáφιος), a recreation of
the tomb of Christ. It is often sprinkled with flower
petals and rosewater, decorated with candles and
ceremonially censed as a mark of respect. In the
evening, the bier is carried on the shoulders of
the faithful in a procession that runs through the
neighborhoods of towns and villages accompanied
by a band or a choir playing or singing solemn
music.
Holy Saturday is known as “Anastasis”
(Resurrection) and is filled with anticipation of
the religious celebration of Easter. The faithful
gather at churches to attend a special liturgy that
is conducted, holding large white candles lightened
up by the Holy Light, which is distributed to all Greek
churches, having been transferred by plane from
the Holy Sepulcher (Tomb of Jesus) in Jerusalem.
Shortly before midnight, the lights in all churches are
put out in symbolism of the darkness that Christ had
to endure as he passed through the underworld.
The Resurrection is proclaimed at midnight, as the
priests chant “Christos Anesti!” Christ is Risen! The
streets of Greece and Greek Orthodox communities
throughout the world are overflowing with happy
voices sharing “Christos Anesti!” while church bells
ring joyously non-stop and fireworks and crackers
go off, providing a unique spectacle.
Afterwards people return to their homes and with The main dish at the Easter Table and the most
their lightened candles they make the symbol of the traditional of Greek Easter foods is the Easter
cross above their front doors, before entering the lamb, a whole spiced roasted lamb on a barbeque
house. The candles they carry are placed in each spit. The roasted lamb is served in honor of the
home and burn through the night to symbolize the Lamb of God, who was sacrificed and rose again
Light returned to the world. It is said that if you on Easter. It is served alongside “tsoureki”
can make it home without your candle going out, (τσουρéκι), eggs, salads and cheese.
you will have a good year. Then, the fast which has
been followed during the 40 days Lent and the Holy The Easter Sunday celebration lasts throughout
Week is “broken” by the Resurrection Table, with the day, while visits are made to family and friends
a traditional soup called “magiritsa” (μαγειρíτσα) and the Easter feast is shared with every guest by
made of lamb’s offal, lettuce and dill, before plenty of food, wine, music, and lots of dancing.
the main feasting begins on Easter Sunday, the Orthodox Easter is a moving and humbling period,
crowning feast day. when the triumphant Jesus with His victory over
In Greece, Easter Sunday is a widely celebrated death conveys the message of hope and eternal
occasion, a time of festivity in which people eat, Light. Greeks, abided by their deep orthodox faith,
drink and dance throughout the night. Every Greek honor their religion and at the same time preserve
family has to prepare the meal for the Easter their long lasting tradition, customs and values.
Sunday table and for that reason, after a long This strong bond renders this season uniquely
lasting night of feasting and celebration everyone Hellenic and strengthens every Greek family’s
is still up early on Easter Sunday morning. desire to pass this on to the next generations.
www.shape2day.com SCL 9TOASTMASTERS BRING NEEDED LIGHT TO OUR LIVES
Challenges are part of life, but seldom have the
challenges been as challenging as during this
pandemic.
By SHAPE International Toastmasters
Challenges are part of life, but seldom have the
challenges been as challenging as during this
pandemic. Challenges, Opportunities and Lessons Learned
Instead of letting ourselves succumb to them,
Toastmasters worldwide realised that the best way CLUB PRESIDENT: RIMA SAMMOURI
out is to exploit the opportunity. By holding regular One of my biggest
meetings online, the SHAPE Toastmasters have concerns when the
brought a ray of light into each other’s lives. lockdown took place
With Zoom, it has never been so easy to network in March 2020, beside
and mingle, to share knowledge and experience. the COVID-19 killing
Our club members have practised innovations, a lot of people, was
promoted new ideas, taking pride in their fellow that I couldn’t join
Toastmasters’ initiative when adapting to the virtual anymore my Fellow
Toastmasters world. Toastmasters in
person. I have never
The Toastmasters’ goal is to expand opportunities,
imagined that one
within their communities, to enhance their
day I will visit so many countries in one year, but
leadership and speaking skills.
there it is, Zoom online Toastmasters meetings
Do you want to practise public speaking, improve appeared and in addition to meeting with my
your communication and build leadership skills? Club’s Fellow Toastmasters, I joined meetings
With Toastmasters, you can break barriers, all over Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg,
not your budget, and you can develop a virtual France, Canada, Jordan, Lebanon and more… My
Toastmasters camaraderie of positive, supportive father used to tell me, “Do not hate what happens
and encouraging people from all over the world. to you, but get the most of it, as there is always
We get out what we put in! It’s up to each of us. something to learn.”
You are cordially invited to listen to stories, GBENGA ODUNJO
impressions, lessons, surprises... during the SHAPE
International Toastmasters online club meetings.
During the period September 2021 to June 2022 we
conduct online meetings each 2nd and 4th Tuesday
of each month. This summer, we conduct an online
meeting on the 4th Tuesday of July and August.
The virtual door opens from 18:30, and the online
meeting starts at 19:00 (Belgian times).
Feel free to send an email to:
toastmastersshapeclub@gmail.com
In return you’ll receive a Zoom link to join
Toastmasters and Guests online. The online Toastmasters meetings have helped
me to improve my meeting attendance and have
You can also follow us on Facebook to read about
our meetings: facilitated meeting other Toastmasters around
the world that I would not otherwise have met
https://www.facebook.com/shapetoastmasters through the traditional meetings.
The SHAPE International Toastmasters wish
I have been able to attend a few Toastmasters
everyone pleasant summer holidays!
meetings around the world and learn one or two
As always - Stay Healthy, Active, Busy, & Happy! things about how other clubs run their meetings.
10 SCLThis has also given me the opportunity to invite club! They are well organized, and the club is richer
Lorna (speaking from Newfoundland) to listen and than before. The spectrum of countries represented
give feedback to my speech. Another advantage during meetings is wider than ever, and believe me,
to the online meeting is the privilege to be able to to interact with people so distant that they speak
record the speeches for later play back. from ‘another day’ is really SPECIAL!
LENKA GRACKOVA MICHELLE BERNARD
This year
was a special
year.
It pushed us
to our limits.
We had to
forget a lot
of things we
used to do.
Toastmasters over Zoom opened new opportunities To get together: forget! To shake hands and
for all of us. It was never so easy to have guests support fellow Toastmasters standing in front of
from different clubs and different countries. Learn the audience giving a speech: forget!
more and connect to new people. As we were having To stand behind the lectern and overcome this
a club contest and our VP PR Else-Marie is good at feeling of fear: forget! To feel the eye contact that
giving people meaningful challenges, my challenge sometimes helps: forget?
was to prepare a session on how to run evaluations.
In one of my projects, I needed to organize a panel We had to forget all these points and leave our
discussion. The virtual meetings came handy! For comfort zone. By doing so, we learned so much!
the panel, I invited the Distinguished Toastmaster We learned how to manage a new IT tool, the zoom
Linda, a previous SHAPE member, now living in the application.
USA, who joined Toastmasters years ago in Brussels. We had the opportunity to meet other clubs from
We had the pleasure to have Panos from Greece different countries. We improved the way to hold
who travelled around the world and visited 300 clubs a meeting by pinching ideas from here and there.
via Zoom. We also welcomed Sudeep from Brussels The best things I will retain from this experience
Toastmasters club who was the first runner up at the are: Toastmaster clubs generate a friendly and
division evaluation contest. Without Zoom this would supportive atmosphere, and we are always happy
never have been possible. We’ve learned so much! to spend time with our club members!
GIOVANNI D’AMBROSIO JAMES HSIAU
I was a Toastmaster After receiving orders for
member during my SHAPE last summer, the
tour of duty in SHAPE. assignment has been quite
Thanks to SHAPE benign due to COVID travel
Toastmasters, I was restrictions. The initial
able to face an audience, excitement of moving to a
especially during my new country and adjusting to
public speeches, when another climate quickly wore
my shyness and agitation off. However, the movement
used to take over. limitations surprisingly did not
keep me from experiencing
For 3 years I learned a lot, I improved my English, other cultures. Thanks to Toastmasters I’ve had the
I increased my self-confidence and my speechless pleasure of making new friends from all over the
attitude turned into talkativeness.Due to the world, from Newfoundland, to Iraq, and beyond.
pandemic, Toastmasters continue to meet online.
What a great opportunity to re-join this exclusive Come see what you are missing out on!
www.shape2day.com SCL 11New
start
By Christian Behrens
Photos: SHAPE Public Affairs Office -
SHAPE Photographic Section
International
Mönchengladbach
Military Competition
On 21 October 2021, the competitors of the 37th International Mönchengladbach Military
Competition (IMM) will need cleverness, strength and fitness. Around Rheydt Castle, they will test
their strength by shooting with the G36 rifle, on the obstacle course or on the climbing tower. A
quiz on security policy and uniform knowledge are also part of the competition tasks. In total, the
competitors will be challenged at 15 stations.
T
he spectators will also be offered an
exciting event programme and the award
ceremony at Rheydt Castle. For 36 years,
the International Mönchengladbach Military
Competition has been a well known event
worldwide.
Soldiers, police officers, firemen and helpers
from rescue organisations from 23 nations
have taken part in the IMM so far, including
soldiers from New Zealand, Mongolia and
Nepal. At the last IMM around the historic
Rheydt moated castle, a four-man team from
the Latvian National Guard travelled the
longest distance by car (1800 kilometres), while
a team of military police from Texas flew the
longest distance (8,700 kilometres). In addition
to the sporting competition, the focus is also on
international exchange – the networking.
For 36 years, the International Mönchengladbach
Military Competition was reliably held without
interruption.
12 SCLmilitary news
“I am delighted that the oldest regularly held eventing competition will
once again bring together numerous participants from Europe, Asia
and the USA to compete for the medals in a spirit of sportsmanship
and good fellowship - this creates solidarity and trust”,
Said Federal Minister of Defence Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer in
her new statement of welcome.
Then the covid pandemic broke out and caused
a temporary cancellation for the first time in
the long IMM success story.
However, NATO Olympiad number 37 is to be
made up for on 2 October 2021 and we look
forward to welcoming competitors from all
over the world at Rheydt Castle.
www.shape2day.com SCL 13THE BATTLE OF CRETE
By Nikolaos Kastellianos OF-3 GRC
A
s I promised today we will see the third face of
the extraordinary and outstanding resistance
of Greece against the Axis’s forces on WWII,
which was the Battle of Crete. Following the conquest of
the main territory of Greece, after the Battle of Greek
Forts let only one part of Greece free, the island of Crete,
but Allies knew that it was the next target of Hitler’s
mind.
Till this time Nazi airborne forces and especially
paratroopers, were on the pinnacle of their glory. The
exceptional victories in the spectrum of Blitzkrieg1
(“lightning war” in German) boost their confidence and
enhance their reputation as unbeaten forces, all over the
world. Such victories were the conquest of Denmark,
Netherland, Norway and Belgium. But the most significant
of Allied Forces in Crete (CREFORCE). As the 18-45
of them that strengthens their reputation was the capture
year-old local men had been transferred on the north
of the Belgian Fort Eben -Emael2 .Nazi paratroopers force
operation theater since the first days of November 1940,
was a volunteer military force which consisted from 18
to fight against Fascism intrusion, they could returned
to 24 years old soldiers. Candidates were imposed to a
only few of them, before the invasion. Conversely there
very competitive and high quality training, in order to
were Greek recruited reserve forces which had been
be transformed from common soldiers to extremely tough
there in order to fulfill their training, along with allied
and professional Paratroopers. It is significant that only
forces that were transported from others places in order
6000 of 16000 candidates were managed to graduate.
to defend the island. The average forces on Crete were
This glory and self confidence drove Karl Student3 to approximately 30000 soldiers, 150 cannons and 16 armor
propose a risky but very interesting plan to Hitler: vehicles4. Owing to the use of the Enigma machine by
Capturing island of Crete mainly by an airborne allied, a machine that could decrypt Nazi messages, they
operation. This operation was planned to be in two phases knew the overall plan of their assault. Conforming to this
according to the lack of required transport aircrafts. Freyberg based the defense of island on protecting the
Phase 1: In the morning paratroopers would be landed on main hills of airfields and the main coasts of north side.
Maleme Airfield and near the Town of Chania. Phase 2:
At the fist sunlight of 20th of May 1941 the Phase 1 started.
After eight (8) hours in the second phase, paratroopers
Since the first landing on the Crete land paratroopers
would be landed to Rethimno and Iraklio in order to
realized that battle was different. The factor the Nazi staff
control the others airfields of Crete. The overall forces
was not included into their plan was the spontaneously
that would be used for the above operation were 22 750
resistance of local population. Particularly 40 year-old and
soldiers and 1370 aircrafts and the schedule of operation
above men who were not eligible to transport on North
was to fulfill the capture till the end of the second day
Greece, remaining nevertheless extremely tough and
of Battle.
focus on their values and their faith. Not only they did not
On the other hand Major-General Bernand Freyberg, afraid of the glory adversaries but also boost the morale of
a New Zealand Army Officer was the commander allied soldiers. As Rousopoulos mentioned to his book:
1
Blitzkrieg is a term used to describe a method of offensive warfare designed to strike a swift, focused blow at an enemy using mobile, maneuverable forces,
including armored tanks and air support. Such an attack ideally leads to a quick victory, limiting the loss of soldiers and artillery. Most famously, blitzkrieg
describes the successful tactics used by Nazi Forces in the early years of World War II. as German forces swept through Poland, Norway, Belgium, Holland
and France with astonishing speed and force.
2
Fort Eben – Emael was the most imposing and impressive win. In this operation Luftwaffe with approximately eighty (80) paratroopers managed to get into
the Fort after twelve (12) hours battle
3
Lieutenant General Karl Student, an airman officer, was the Commander of Operation «MERCUR» the name of the operation of invasion into Crete. In the
WWII due to the Blitzkrieg successes and the new philosophy of airborne operations, the command of such operations was charges on the Air force instead
of Army that it is today. This is one of a lot of changes that trigger the Battle of Crete.
4
Although the number of forces seemed competence, we have to take under consideration that these forces comprised both soldiers without experience of
battle or fatigue and frightened soldiers who had seen the capabilities of Nazi Paratroopers
5
Notwithstanding Freyberg knew the general Nazi plan he could not believe that they dare to assault in Crete only by air. Additionally he did not calculate
the power of Royal Navy which did not allowed German vessels to reach the island coasts
14 SCLWhen recruited soldiers arrived to the port of Souda at lost about 8000 men (approximately one third of the
Chania before the Battle, they looked frightened some overall forces which take part to the Battle of Crete).
aircraft of Luftwaffe which were flying on the sky, Huge casualties and the extension of operation schedule
patrolling the region. When a local man realized that told: collapsed the legend of Paratroopers and made Hitler
Don’t afraid my children, here is Crete and if Nazi forces say to Student: “As you understand paratroopers has no
dare to attack they will be crashed future”.
(Rousopoulos, 2014, 55). On the other hand Allied lost an excellent opportunity to
beat the most famous Nazi forces, Paratroopers and keep
So was the faith and morale of local people that since the
the island of Crete which could help them to support
first paratrooper land on their territory they arbitrarily
all operations from North Africa to Easter Europe.
get into the battle along with defenders. All of them as
Additionally local population suffered huge atrocities
they did not see that kind of force before, they were
from Nazi forces as retaliation of fighting against them.
shouting: “We have to fight against sky men (ouranites in
A lot of people comprising women and children were
Crete dialect) and don’t let them to capture our ancestor’s
executed and big numbers of villages were destroyed by
land”.
the eager of conqueror . But the resistance never stopped
By the end of the first day Nazi forces had not achieved in Crete until the liberation of the island.
anyone of their main objectives. Instead of that their
casualties were more than 3500 soldiers and 150 aircrafts.
This catastrophic day was a significant hit for Nazi
leadership and particularly for Student. The unbeaten
paratroopers could not fulfill their supervisors’ plans. As a
“
former paratroopers say to his interview:
“In other European states none really resist to our
extraordinary power. In Crete no one was frightened. No
one was surrendered. As we were landed alive we saw
“
local people to fight against us with tools, sticks, stones and
what other thing they had to their hands. In Crete, only
the soil was not hit us, everything else fought against us”
(Kohilakis, 1993:9-10).
Although the defense of Crete was stable, one single
mistake was enough to collapse it. Due to its huge
casualties the forces of hill 107, who was defending
Maleme airport, was ordered to abandoned it. The
decision based on the fear of a new assault next day, not
only from air but also from the sea5. In the morning Nazi
forces captured hill 107 without resistance, could manage
to control all Maleme airport and till noon, additional
forces, military supplies and equipment could be landed.
Next days atrocious fights were taking place without
result in Iraklio and Rethymno, but in Chania after Nazi
forces’ controlling the Airport, they managed to capture References
Belly, K. (1999) World War II, Vol 14 Issue 1 pp
the town and transport new forces to whole island. On
50 – 57.
27th of May Freyberg ordered the evacuation of Crete Forty, G. (2001) >, Hersham, Ian Allan Publishing
and the transporting of Allied forces to North Africa in Kyriakopoulos, G. (1995) >,
order to continue their resistance. Finally at 30 of May Westport, CT, Praeger Publishers.
Κοχυλάκης, Γ. (1993) , Αθήνα, Εκδόσεις Σμυρνιωτάκης
next four years Crete was being occupied by Nazi forces. Ρουσσοπουλος, Χ. (2014) «Η μάχη της Κρήτης» Ηράκλειο, Εταιρεία
Κρητικών Μελετών
In battle of Crete the casualties from both sides were httpswww.historynet.combattle-of-crete-it-began-with-germanys-airborne-
especially heavy. Nazi forces and particularly paratroopers invasion-operation-mercury.htm
httpswww.iwm.org.ukhistorywhat-was-the-battle-of-crete
httpswww.pilotguides.comarticlesinvasion-resistance-liberation-the-battle-of-crete
www.shape2day.com SCL 15Italy Republic Day
By Marco FAVETTA, Maj (OF-3), ITA AF
R epublic Day, also known as Festa della
Repubblica in Italian (Festival of the Republic), is
a national holiday in Italy on June 2 each year, with the
associated with the
personification of Italy,
crowning its head with
main celebration taking place in Rome. It celebrates its bright shine. This was
the day when Italians voted to abolish the monarchy how it was represented
in 1946 so our country could become a republic. in the iconography of
the Risorgimento and in
Following this event, on the 5th of May 1948 the the coat of arms of the
Republican Italy was awarded its Republic’s emblem Kingdom of Italy (the so-
at the end of a creative process that had required 24 called “big star”). The
months, two public competitions and a total of 800 star later characterised
sketches submitted by roughly 500 citizens, artists the first republican
or amateurs. decoration during the reconstruction: the Star of
Italian Solidarity, a decoration awarded to Italian
The process began in October 1946, when the military expatriates who made an outstanding
government led by Alcide De Gasperi set up an contribution to the reconstruction of Italy after
ad hoc Commission chaired by Ivanoe Bonomi World War II.
which projected the future emblem as the fruit of a
concerted effort that was to be as broad as possible. Usually on Republic Day, Italy’s President lays a
To this end, it was decided to announce a public wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier at the
competition open to all citizens, based only on a few Altare della Patria in Rome. This is followed by a
elements: the absolute exclusion of symbols of the large military parade along Via dei Fori Imperiali.
party, the inclusion of the star of Italy and “drawing
inspiration from the essence of the land and of the During the pandemic and the subsequent
municipalities”. nationwide lockdown the ceremony (to celebrate
the 74th anniversary of the Italian Republic Day,)
Reading the emblem took place without the traditional parade. So in
The emblem of the Italian Republic is characterised 2020, replacing the parade, the “Frecce Tricolori”
by three elements: the star, the cog-wheel, and olive flew all over the Italian regions, spreading the
and oak branches. colours of the Italian National Flag to symbolically
embrace all the country as a sign of unity, solidarity
The olive branch symbolises the nation’s will and recovery for the health emergency. The event
for peace, embracing both internal concord and was called “Abbraccio Tricolore” (Tricolour Hug).
international brotherhood. Also this year the ceremony to celebrate the 75th
anniversary of the Italian Republic Day will not
The oak branch that rims the right-hand-side of take place in a traditional way. Waiting for new
the emblem embodies the strength and the dignity videos, we propose again the 360-degree video of
of the Italian people. Moreover, both plants are the overflight of Rome carried out by the “Frecce
among the most typical of Italy’s forest species. Tricolori” on the occasion of the Republic Day 2020.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=55lQQX6-b-Q
The steel cog-wheel symbolises work and represents
..and much more..
the first article of the Constitutional Charter: “Italy is www.quirinale.it/elementi/49402
a Democratic Republic, founded on work”. (from Presidency of the Italian Republic)
The star is one of the most ancient emblems www.youtube.com/watch?v=08AWtDVKZPI
of Italian iconography and it has always been (2020 the overflight of Rome from Ita Air Force)
16 SCLSHAPE Field Office - ACCI SHAPE Field Office
Bldg. 101, Room K125
065 44 8809 accisfodistro@shape.nato.int
Keep Your Eye Open Courtesy of ACCI SHAPE Field Office
Who else is watching?
A
s the weather heats up and restrictions for travel begin to relax,
SHAPIANS will return to touring the beautiful sites in Europe. In order to keep you safe while you
With that comes updating your social media to document all of hit the road this summer, your local
the picturesque places visit. However, we must always remind ourselves counterintelligence team offers the
that there may be other people besides our friends and family who would following advice to keep you safe when
love to keep up with where you and your loved ones travel. Not only could sharing information on social media:
criminals use this information to steal from you, too much information on
1. Try to only post pictures of your travel
social media could clue our adversaries into what’s going on at SHAPE. after you have returned.
If you find yourself in a situation where someone on social media is 2. Try not to post that you will be out
asking more in depth questions about you, your family, community or of town, or where you are going. This
occupation, feel free to have the SHAPE sponsor contact the SHAPE is especially true if you are traveling for
Field Office for help. work.
3. Be aware of community social media
pages set up for the SHAPE Community.
They can easily be spoofed. Make sure
you are sharing information on the
T H E correct one.
4. Don’t ask questions about work on the
social media pages. Contact a colleague
directly.
5. If you receive a “friend request”
or “request to follow”, from a person
already in your social media circle, do
not accept. The duplicate request is
likely a cloned account set up to steal
information from you and your other
contacts.
6. If you do not know a person who is
send a friend or contact request, DO
NOT accept.
If you think you need to speak
with ACCI, contact us at:
SHAPE Field Office (SFO):
Bldg. 101, Room K125
Tel: 065-44-8809/8811
E N JOY E V E R Y E DGE .
Email: accisfodistro@shape.nato.int
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diplomaticsales@louyet.beLegal News!
By Borja Montes Toscano
LAWFAS Content Manager
ACO Office of Legal Affairs
70th anniversary
NATO Status of Armed Forces Agreement
T
his year, the date of 19th June marks an
important milestone as a result of the
70th anniversary of the NATO Status of
Armed Forces Agreement (‘NATO SOFA’). Once the
North Atlantic Treaty (‘NAT’) was completed by its
constituents in April 1949, the Alliance experienced
the pressing need for its rapid institutionalization
because of the Korean War (1950-1953), the persistent
threat of the Soviet Union during the Cold War and
also as a consequence of the different political and
strategic challenges that has faced in the last seven
decades. Hence, the NAT parties swiftly understood
the need to create an integrated military force as
part of the NATO institutions to deter aggression and
to ensure the defense of Western Europe. Over the
next few years, NATO concluded several multilateral
agreements (NATO SOFA, Ottawa Agreement and Paris
Protocol), supplemented by bilateral treaties, which
taken together, put flesh and bones to NATO’s legal
position, which includes its privileges and immunities.
The supplementary agreements give particular effect
including extensions to the privileges and immunities
already granted by the Ottawa Agreement and the
Paris Protocol. The Paris Protocol accomplished
two missions: first, it integrated the NATO SOFA
provisions and adapted them to the functional needs
of international military headquarters, and, second, it
created “a special status for such headquarters which
is analogous to that created for the Council and its
subsidiary civilian bodies … [and] grant[s] to Supreme and International Staff (‘Ottawa Agreement’), and
Headquarters of juridical personality and other legal only later to the NATO SOFA; The intention of NATO
capacities”.1 constituents was to create a political organization
based on defense and deterrence, but surely on the
The United States of America led the efforts to draft
possibility of intra-dialogue and hopefully dialogue
an agreement on the status of NATO forces, which
with the Soviet Union. In addition, the priority given
enshrined all aspects of a visiting force from a NATO
to the NATO SOFA can be explained by the number
nation in the territory of another NATO nation. In
of allied troops deployed, mainly American, in
order to fulfil this goal, the NATO nations concluded
continental Europe, to show deterrence.2
on 19 June 1951 the NATO SOFA. As a curious factor,
it is interesting to note that although SHAPE existed The approval of the NATO SOFA met many difficulties as
prior to the NATO International Staff, NATO nations the main question was whether concluding it through
gave priority, in terms of multilateral instruments, to a bilateral or multilateral agreement. Meanwhile the
the development of the political side by addressing first solution allows adapting the status to each local
first the legal framework for the Status of the North situation; the provisions can vary according to the
Atlantic Treaty Organization, National Representatives geographical or political requirements and take into
1
See further in Joseph M. Snee, ‘NATO Agreements on Status: Travaux Préparatoires’ (1961) International Law Studies, Naval War College, Vol. LIV.
2
For further study see Andres B. Munoz Mosquera, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization: an international institutional law perspective (PhD thesis pending
on defence)
18 SCLconsideration the respective situation of the signatory VIII foresees the applicable framework for civilian nations. On the other hand, a multilateral agreement claims and damages. Contractual claims are expressly enables an “equalisation” as the forces of the receiving excluded, as well as war (combat) damage. The NATO state enjoy the same status when being on foreign soil.3 SOFA has made concurrent jurisdiction widespread in This was the most preferred option as all the NATO international law meanwhile exclusive jurisdiction has nations shared a common concept on main legal and become the exception. The SOFA establishes provisions administrative principles, and therefore there was not only applicable to the members of the armed no need to challenge the setting and enter into more forces and civilian components, but also dependents. difficult bilateral negotiations, which would have In addition, the NATO SOFA provides exception from demanded cross negotiations between all of the Allies.4 alien control, as well as passport and visa regulations At first glance, as per the travaux préparatoires of and immigration inspection on entering or leaving the the NATO SOFA the drafters’ intention was to find territory of the receiving state.6 Ensuring collective a mutually satisfactory solution to the allocation self-defence is dependent upon a robust mutual of jurisdictional competences, i.e., the exercise of assistance mechanism that facilitates interoperability jurisdiction and not the creation of it beyond national and legal vigilance with the aim of fostering deterrence. borders.5 When negotiations deal with NATO forces and The NATO SOFA is a further evidence of the successful facilities, operational issues are posed, but there remain institutionalization of the Alliance as Articles 2 and 3 controversial concerns about status, claims, privileges NAT refer to strengthening the Parties’ free institutions, and immunities. The legal role in these negotiations eliminating economic conflicts, and maintaining usually is to establish the framework and conditions for continuous and effective self-help and mutual aid to NATO’s presence via SOFAs and other understandings develop individual and collective capacities to resist such as transit agreements. The NATO SOFA regulates armed attack. Finally, another NATO need is set by the complexities of the relationship between visiting Article 4 and relates to the capacity of the Alliance to forces and the receiving state and provides for a series “consult together whenever, in the opinion of any of of privileges and immunities in order to make visiting them, the territorial integrity, political independence forces functional. The presence of the visiting forces or security of any of the Parties is threatened.” The fact requires the consent of the receiving state and the that Article 9 NAT enables the North Atlantic Council to NATO SOFA is the best materialization of it. The respect set up subsidiary bodies as may be necessary, including of the law of the receiving state is relative and is subject possible multilateral tools (e.g. NATO SOFA), comes full to the functions and purposes of that visiting force in circle of the curious and enriching institutionalization accordance with the treaties and other international of the Alliance. These provisions are key to enable rules that permitted its station in the receiving state. NATO to fulfil with its galvanizing role of ensuring Such consent also deals with several peculiarities such peace and security. The NATO ACO Office of Legal as the number of troops, the features of the weapons Affairs presents its respect to NATO nations for their that will be imported and which will be their use or continuous and virtuous contribution that has made designated border crossing areas. Article VII of the possible the functioning of the Alliance throughout all NATO SOFA regulates criminal matters and allocates these seven decades. jurisdictional responsibilities between the Sending State and the Receiving State. On the other hand, Article We are NATO! 3 Serge Lazareff, Status of military forces under current international law (A. W. Sijthoff, Leyden 1971) p. 63. 4 Mette Prassé Hartov, ‘NATO Status of Forces Agreement: Background and a Suggestion for the Scope of Application’ Baltic Defence Review No. 10 Volume 2/2003, p. 48. 5 Joseph H. Rouse and Gordon B.Baldwin. ‘The exercise of criminal jurisdiction under the NATO status of forces of forces agreement’ The American Journal of International Law. Vol.51, No.1 (1957) p. 49. 6 Andrés Muñoz Mosquera, ‘Respect for the Law of the Receiving State’ in Dieter Fleck (ed), The Handbook of the Law of Visiting Forces (Oxford University Press, 2018) pp. 96-97. www.shape2day.com SCL 19
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