Hypercitizenship and the Management of Genetic Diversity. Sociology of Law and the Key Systemic Bifurcation Between the RING Singularity and the ...
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Hypercitizenship and the Management of Genetic Diversity.
Sociology of Law and the Key Systemic Bifurcation Between the RING
Singularity and the Neofeudal Age
Andrea Pitasi•
Riassunto
Questo saggio di tipo teorico si focalizza sulla funzione allocativa dei sistemi legali per attrarre/respingere capitali
differenti sulla base delle proprie procedure di creazione di norme e leggi. Tale funzione dei sistemi legali è di primaria
importanza al giorno d’oggi dato che il genere umano è prima di tutto una biforcazione evoluzionistica e sistemica che
si situa tra il concetto heideggeriano di Gegnet di una convergenza strategica ed altamente rapida (ad esempio, la
Singolarità) fra robotica, informatica, nanotecnologie e genetica (RINGs) – che sta ridisegnando la vita umana
relativamente ai suoi stili e standard qualitativi di vita con particolare riferimento agli ambiti della salute e
dell’ambiente – ed il così detto Scenario Neofeudale (NS) proposto da coloro che ritengono che il Modello Industriale
abbia fallito e che l’unica via per salvare il genere umano ed il suo ambiente dovrebbe essere una sorta di viaggio a
ritroso nel tempo per riproporre lo stile di vita medioevale caratterizzato da lentezza ed austerità.
Questo saggio ripercorre la più recente ed autorevole letteratura internazionale relativa alle due alternative di
biforcazione e prospetta un potenziale mutamento di paradigma nell’ambito dell’approccio sistemico al fine di
ristrutturare la mappa concettuale del mutamento globale attraverso un’epistemologia sistemica della sociologia del
diritto.
Résumé
Cet essai se focalise sur la fonction allocative des systèmes judiciaires exercée pour attirer/rejeter des capitaux
différents sur la base de leur propres procédures de création de règles juridiques et de lois. Cette fonction est
aujourd’hui d’une importance fondamentale. En effet, le genre humain est avant tout une bifurcation évolutionniste et
systémique entre le concept heideggérien de Gegnet d’une convergence stratégique et extrêmement rapide (par
exemple, la Singularité) parmi la robotique, l’informatique, les nanotechnologies et la génétique (RINGs) – qui est en
train de redessiner la vie humaine par rapport à ses styles et ses standards qualitatifs de vie et tout particulièrement aux
domaines de la santé et de l’environnement - et ce qu’on appelle le Scenario Néo-féodal (NS) proposé par ceux qui
pensent que le Modèle Industriel a échoué et que le seul moyen de sauver le genre humain et son environnement serait
une espèce de voyage en arrière dans le temps pour proposer de nouveau le style de vie du Moyen-âge caractérisé par la
lenteur et l’austérité. Cet essai examine la littérature internationale la plus récente et la plus influente concernante les
deux alternatives de bifurcation et avance une modification potentielle de paradigme dans l’approche systémique afin de
reformuler la carte conceptuelle du changement global à travers une épistémologie systémique de la sociologie du droit.
Abstract
This essay is essentially theoretical and is focused on the allocative function of the legal systems to attract/reject
different capitals according to their procedures to shape norms and laws. This function of the legal systems is pivotal in
our times as humankind is before a systemic and evolutionary bifurcation between the heideggerian Gegnet of a
strategic, high speed convergence (i.e. Singularity) among robotics, informatics, nanotechonologies and genetics
(RINGs) - which is going to reshape the human life concerning its life quality styles and standards especially regarding
health and environment matters- and the so called Neofeudal Scenario (NS) supported by whom the Industrial Model
failed and the only way to save humankind and its environment would be a kind of trip back to a Medioeval life style
inspired by slowness and austerity.
This essay provides an overview of the most important and recent international references about the two alternatives of
the bifurcation and describes a potential paradigm shift inside the systemic approach to reframe the conceptual map of
global change through a systemic epistemology of the sociology of law.
•
Associate Professor at the Gabriele D’Annunzio University, Chieti and Pescara, Italy.
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 1271. Prologue. rational universality but on the glocal power of
The emergent convergence/singularity of will3.
endotechnologies1 thus of the most radically From this perspective the Mundus of rights shapes
evolutionary outputs of the singularity generated the competition/cooperation among legal systems
by the convergence of robotics, informatics, on the Globus about attracting the key and most
nanotechnologies and genetics (RINGs strategic capitals (intellectual, financial, human
convergence/singularity) is reshaping the social, etc ) to empower and evolve at the highest speed
economical etc patterns and variables of the the RING Singularity thus the state of the current
public understanding of how science and scientific-technological is extremely differentiated
technology are evolving everything around us among the various geopolitical and legal areas of
especially focusing on those key aspects of social our planet. It might seem simplistically but the
life which directly cope with the ultimate frontiers viability of the Ring Singularity increases
of human evolution, wealth and health. according to the specific attractivity of a legal
From this point of view, this theoretical essay system. Brazil, China, India and Russia (the so
deals with the differentiation of the legal systems called BRIC) are not growing at a higher speed
which are interconnected on a global scale than USA or the UE because they are reproducing
(Globus) (to which every user can access, for our economical model to reach our same wealth
example, online, but these legal systems do not level, they are reconfigurating the rules of the
represent a unique, homogeneous one inspired by business- enterprise- science- technology game by
a “universal” vision of law as imposed by the drawing new theoretical- juridical distinctions and
attempts of the past to find law on theology or on new radical operations. That is why the link
an universal concept of rationality as evoked by between RING Singularity (RS) and Legal
the Enlightment spirit) nowadays legal systems System Attractivity (LSA) can, and someway
provide a huge variety of norms and procedures must, be reframed though the paradigms shifts
on a global scale shaping a planetary catalogue form the “human condition” (HC) to the
(Mundus) of norms, concepts, procedures, rules “posthuman” one (PHC) and then to the
among which a skilled user can easily choose for “hyperuman” one (HHC as the convergent
example in terms of business technologies dramatically and powerfully reshape
delocalization/relocalization. Thus the platforms the ideas of humanity and mankind).
(Globus) and the catalogue (Mundus) of rights What does it mean to be human? When did
available for shopping2 on a global scale represent mankind begin to be human? And when did
the chance of the legal systems to reveal their mankind quit to be human? In evolutionary,
most profound identity: they are not based (and Darwinian, terms we might consider we became
probably they never were based) on theological or human when we began to manipulate symbols by
using our neocortex and then we began to model
1
Nowotny H., Insatiable Curiosity. Innovation in a
Fragile Future, Cambridge, USA and London, UK, and adapt the world our way more than adapting
2008.
2
Galgano F., La globalizzazione nello specchio del
3
diritto, il Mulino, Bologna, 2005. Irti N., Nichilismo Giuridico, Laterza, Roma, 2004.
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 128to it. But when did it happen? When we were Cro- human history5 but then, all in a sudden,
Magnon, Neanderthal or at the homo sapiens something changed and the HHC began to take
stage? Or maybe we were naturally human before shape exactly when the RING Singularity started
we learned to “create our own world” thus before to evolve faster and faster, tendentially since the
4
we began to use fire and since we started to use end of World War I. But what is HHC featured
fire we began an artificialization process (clothes by?
to protect ourselves from the cold weather, glasses Probably, the two most brilliant analysis of the
to correct sight problems up to the most advanced HHC are provided by Helga Nowotny in her
cardiosurgery technologies) which represents a superb Insatiable Curiosity6 which is an excellent
post humanization of the human toward the work in the sociology of science and by John
“cyborg” so that human life can last longer and Harris excellent book Enhancing Evolution7
under better quality conditions by replacing “ author who is a thought leader of the British
broken parts” with new, efficient, artificial ones? sociology of Law at the Law School of the
Is a man with a pacemaker human or is he an University of Manchester
evolutionary stage of the cyborg? Both books cope with two aspects . The
If we take a look at the Bible the perspective technological convergence named RING
might sound different at a first glance but in Singularity and the way it will reshape social
practice is not. While the Neanderthal was organization and its rules. Nowotny8 provides the
probably “less human” than the homo sapiens but key concept of scientific citizenship “which I
Adam and Eve were some way “extrahuman” or consider pivotal to link Globus and Mundus, as
“superhuman” as they had not the key weakness the scientific citizen is the user both of the G
which features what commonsense nowadays platform and of the M catalogue by selecting
would call HC for Adam and Eve becoming those rights which fit more with his/her wealth,
human was a kind of downsizing and according health and well being needs.
to the Bible they became human because of the Due to the convergence between the RING
original sin. Both in an evolutionary Darwinian Singularity and the most attractive legal systems
perspective and in a Christian one, at a certain on the planet our species seems to have already
point we became human and this implied to learn, had an internal differentiation among:
to create and to increase knowledge in order to i) Humans
model the world according to our ii) Posthumans or Cyborgs
needs/hopes/fears and so on. Either emerging iii) Hyperhumans.
from the cavern or falling from the Lost Eden, This is the key challenge about diversity
mankind is featured by an artificialization process management nowadays. Gender diversity or racial
towards the Cyborg, the PHC, if we consider
5
Goudsblom J., Nichilismo e cultura, il Mulino,
Bologna, 1982.
6
Nowotny H., op. cit.
4 7
Goudsblom J., Fire and Civilization, Penguin, Harris J, op. cit.
8
London, 1994. Nowotny H., op. cit.
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 129diversity seem and are rather irrelevant in A sort of triple helix of complexity
comparison. empowerment- high speedy evolution -
It is not hard to say that “humans” no longer exist matchfinding ease between RS and LSA is the
since, at least we might correct our sight problems key of the way the two species(PH and HH) are
by using spectacles. distributing themselves through the planet and is
We all are already cyborgs or posthumans either also the key of the human re-entry clearly
because we are partially artificial and maybe in theorized and wonderfully argumented by Archer
10
our body we have cyborg installations such as and Donati 11.
pacemakers or because we share the same Complexity, Speed and Ease are the “stars” of the
memetic scenario in which we are perfectly aware radical reconfiguration 12process reshaping social
we might host these installations inside us. Our life in its broadest and deepest meaning.
brainframe is always posthuman and much more From this point of view, nine turboconditions
posthuman than what our body might be in seem pivotal to assess the LSA for the RS.
practice in the present time. We all are
2 What’s Next ?
conceptually posthuman.
The gap between the two HH generations
But if “humans” died at a average age of 30,
brilliantly describes how radical technological
posthumans can live about 75/85 years as an
innovation powerfully reconfigurates individual,
average with some exception up to 100/105. The
personal Lebenslauf and systemic organization.
HHC is radically different, as clearly described
The HH shift also involves HH agriculture (the
by Harris9 a HH person can live about 120/130
GMOs, for example) and the HH energy agenda.
years as an average if (s) he belongs to the first
This HH shift dramatically provokes strong public
HHC generation (born around 2006) or about 740
opinion debates and their “consequences” easily
years as an average (yes, it is not a type , seven
witness that emotional, incompetent reactions and
hundred and forty years) if (is) he belongs to the
attitudes simply generate a growing public
second HH generation born around 2015-2020).
misunderstanding of science, technology and their
What is all the fuss about this paradigm shift by
socio-economical impacts. That is why scientific
reshaping the “person” through the link between
RS and LSA?
10 Archer M., La conversazione interiore, Erickson,
Essentially, the first HH generation represents the Trento, 2006; Id., La morfogenesi della società, Franco
Angeli, Milano, 1997; Id., Riflessività umana e
stem cell re-entry in the health risk prevention and percorsi di vita, Erickson, Trento, 2009; Id., Essere
Umani, Marietti, Genova, 2010.
reduction but some way reinstalling “baby cells”
11 Donati P., La famiglia nella società relazionale,
in a sick body its own stem cells (deriving from Angeli, Milano, 1987; Id., Teoria relazionale della
società, Angeli, Milano, 1991; Id., La cittadinanza
its own umbilical cord perfectly safed by a genetic societaria, Laterza, Roma- Bari, 1993; Id., Oltre il
bank ). Thus the installation is “natural” and multiculturalismo, Laterza, Roma-Bari, 2008; Id.,
Laicità. La ricerca dell’universale nelle differenze, il
“clean” not artificial but the installation process Mulino Bologna, 2008; Id., La società dell’umano,
Marietti, Genova, 2009; Id., La matrice teologica della
itself remains a typical post human working style. società, Rubbettino, Soneria Mannelli, 2010; Id.,
Relational Sociology, Routledge, London, 2010.
12
Normann R., Ridisegnare l’impresa, Etas, Milano,
9
Harris J, op. cit. 2002.
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 130citizenship is emerging faster and faster to solve understanding as much as they change our social
the “incompetence” problem, the scientific life together”16.
citizenship is reconfigurating itself and is Nowotny’s key contribution evolves into the
emerging as a shape of the societarian one13 concept of scientific citizenship which features
inspired by an autonomous, self organizing the knowledge based society, as a matter of fact,
“spirit” and mood of the most competent and she states:
skilled knowledge based elites educated according “A knowledge based society also increases its
to the most self reflexive relational responsible production of epistemic things, various kinds of
freedom. These elites will be the wide horizon abstract objects, and technical artifacts that are
leaders serving as “drivers” of the new cycles and subject to the same rules. The democratization of
trends: whose trajectories follow the S=R/W scientific expertise is also merely the expansion of
formula where the supply/demand match finding principles of governance that have served the
between RS and LSA is in real time in the Time Western liberal democracies well. Today, science
Zero of Desire (TZD) scenarios. and technology are no longer viewed with awe but
To understand these new trajectories clearly are part of everyday life. Mediated by the
described by Harris14 and Nowotny 15
it is educational system and qualifications and
adequate to go through Nowotny’s work which certificates people acquire, they determine
perfectly shows the paradigm shift from the post people’s chances of upward social mobility, their
human to the hyperhuman scenarios of the RING working world, and the course of their
Singularity in the TZD Age. In Nowotny’s biographies. It is thus logical to extend the
semantics, The RING Singularity is labeled as concept of citizenship to science and technology.
“convergent technologies” which are «Scientific citizenship» comprises right and duties
endotechnologies. The Ring and asks about both the functions that expanded
Singularity/Convergent Endotechnologies shape concept of citizenship could fulfill in social
the Hyperhuman World while Exotechnologies integration and also the duties that arise from it
are the most evident output of the Posthuman, for citizens as well as for political institutions and
“Cyborg” scenarios. administrations”17.
Nowotny clearly states that: Nowotny suggests that:
“The convergent technologies based on successful “There is broad agreement that more money
connections among the biological, informational, should be invested in research (that is, that science
nano, and cognitive sciences open up a broad field and technology must continue to expand). This is
in which brain and matter, body and environment to be achieved by putting the unexpected and new
can interact in a controlled fashion. These and that comes out of the laboratory into the widest
other transformations that spring from science and possible variety of contexts of applications to
technology touch on humanity’s self- produce in them new knowledge that in turn
13
Donati P., La cittadinanza societaria, cit.
14 16
Harris J, op. cit. Ivi, pp. 12-13.
15 17
Nowotny H., op. cit Ivi, pp. 23-24.
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 131brings forth new abilities and continues to spread scientific objects. They form mostly invisible yet
18
in society” . visualizable infrastructures that can penetrate into
Moreover: the smallest dimensions of matter or living
“Today, the entire knowledge of humankind and organisms”21.
its impressive technological capacities is oriented Thus:
toward a future that does not so much promise a “Science and technology cross the boundary
new beginning as further intensification and between the present and the future with a certain
dynamic continuation of what has already been ease and thereby move the future closer the
achieved. Science and technology cross the present. Nonetheless the future seems fragile. The
threshold between the present unhindered, for loss of temporal distance blurs the difference
what appears possible in the laboratory today can between what is technologically possible and
already be in the market tomorrow or the day what is already present in the laboratory, between
19
after” . imagination and reality, which is often a virtual
What’s next, then ? reality. Having lost all utopias, the future presents
“The future we are now face relies on innovation itself as a sketch of technological visions that
under conditions of uncertainty. This cannot be block out the social knowledge that is needed to
equated with lack of knowledge – quite the live in a scientific-technological world – and to
contrary. Uncertainty arises from the surfeit of feel well in it”22.
knowledge, leading to too many alternatives, too
many possible ramifications and consequences, to 3. Complexity.
be easily judged”20. We are currently heading towards wider and faster
In practice: scenarios. This kind of evolution we are getting
“Exotechnologies aim at the expansion of through is also due to decrease of “dead woods”
possibilities of controlling the environment. They (made up of useless infrastructures, lazy
have enabled people to travel greater differences employees and parasites) due to “bipartisan”
in less time and to settle the space they found public reforms already implemented since the
more densely and efficiently. The processing of early 90’s.
found and extracted materials finally enable the These scenarios will make cultural and trade
mass production of artifacts, the preservation of exchanges easier and quicker. Furthermore, they
foodstuffs, and the erection of infrastructures that will be safer and more stable, thus to eliminate
in turn made it possible to live comfortably in any “interferences” to global flows of human,
otherwise inclement climate zones. In contrast, intellectual and economic capitals on a worldwide
the regime of endotechnologies – bio-, nano-, scale, since socio-economic challenges of our
info-, and other converging technologies – times cannot be managed on a national or even
changes the dimensions and scope of action of the local level.
18
Ivi, pp. 83,84.
19 21
Ivi, p. 107. Ivi, pp. 132-133.
20 22
Ivi, p. 116. Ivi, pp. 155-156.
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 132Higher levels of speedy and safety will then TURBOCONDITION 1: To Reset the reptilian
characterize the new scenarios as a new jumbo jet brain.
in comparison to older plane models which are We assume as true the theory of the evolution
more instable and slow. through interconnected balances which is based
This stable “speed” mostly depends on the on the cooperation of three brains belonging to
development and broadcasting of new and any human being: reptilian, limbic and neocortex.
standardized platforms, procedures and Besides, we keep in mind the man’s neocortex
technologies (currency, languages, operative power as well as the social function of the limbic
systems) that can create transparency (i.e. through system. Therefore, the actual issue is whether the
video recordings, metal detectors, etc.). way out of the Palaeolithic (i.e. a condition of
I personally define this stable and fast scenario the radical bound to roots and homeland which is
“Time Zero of Desire” (TZD) because it typical of nowadays “cave men”) would also
represents the kind of scenario in which supply mean to reset the obsolete and harmful reptilian
and demand (of material, relational and economic brain. This process leads to show the religions and
goods) can easily cross at the same high speed of philosophies adopted according to their functional
emails or sms exchange. TZD is then perceived as role which is made up of adaptive methods and
a high speed scenario which is stable in crossing behavioural pragmatics.
supply and demand at the lowest economic, TURBOCONDITION 2: Evolving the 7 platforms
organizational and contractual costs. of the global development.
The setting showed above is developing according Resetting the reptilian brain necessarily implies
to an increasing number of turbo-economies (from erasing the clashing factors generated from this
India to Botswana) more and more global and pattern brain, thus to be able to develop the 7
transparent in nature. Those economies put in platforms of the global development:
evidence some areas of the world scene that are 1) Currency and rating standards;
generally not strategic and in which we can often 2) Digital satellite telecommunications;
see provincial and narrow minded attitudes. The 3) Biotechnologies;
latter are similar to the behaviour of some ancient 4) Extra-planetary technologies;
feudal lords who used to threaten and scare their 5) Technical-linguistic platforms;
own subjects by means of fear and ignorance. 6) Contents catalog;
Thus, they would prevent their people from 7) Evolutionary capitalism.
experiencing the real society, by keeping them This strive for development represents a strategic
inside the feud, afraid of facing some alleged function in the policymaking agenda.
external dangers from which the local power TURBOCONDITION 3: To increase the moral
could not protect its subject anyway. and ethic significance of the economic
TZD is the ultimate scenario to implement turbo- development avoiding financial bubbles.
condition, described as follows: The increasing trend to the institutionalization of
“neo-rights” is not often adequately followed by a
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 133feasibility analysis in order to apply it. Besides, market do exist, and behave like an economic
other elements are lacking, such as the creation of reality since they promote business speed,
new professional profiles, procedures and customer satisfaction, process innovation, even
structure that can support the process of though they are based on an inflation and
implementation and that can lead to those implosive logic, with high costs and minimum
speculative bubbles which are attributable to value added. Politics belong to this kind of
political rather than economic behaviours23. systems.
Contemporary politics should avoid to let an TURBOCONDITION 5: To give policymaking
empty rhetoric of some sort of newly rights create opportunities to scientists, neo humanists and top
two kinds of negative conditions: brainworkers.
1. Illusions unheard consequently provoking Giving political opportunities to eclectic and
social conflicts; scientifically qualified intellectual elites would
2. Obstacles to ongoing development processes lead the socio-economic development of the
This can be obtained exclusively regaining the knowledge society. Thus to trigger a virtuous
ethic value of development, trying to implement circle among power, knowledge and capital and
new markets and pushing the progress through ensuring a real sustainable development.
Kuhnian evolutions, without any interruption of Notwithstanding the fact that the future evolution
the productive cycle. will be extremely “technocratic”, one should
TURBOCONDITION 4: To place the political clarify whether this technocracy will be managed
sphere among economic businesses of the service by unskilled professionals or experts. The latter
sector. Politics has always been supported by acting in Turbocondition as “top brainworkers”,
trade exchanges and not just because of a sort of that is to say people that concretely work for the
influence peddling. development. Their contribution is contemporary
Politicians do marketing, they exploit the “hic et intellectual according to the meaning of “neo
nunc” philosophy and go along with structures humanists”24, i.e. scholars of human sciences
and entities that can provide consent in the short through scientific premises which better enhance
term. a radical innovation instead of an incremental one.
The political system sets up a sort of market Therefore, the above mentioned virtuous cycle
which is actually highly inflated and with a scarce can be triggered only if we provide this kind of
added value, and which produces plenty of possibility to people able to think about the
financial and propagandist bubbles every time that opportunities offered by modern scientific
some legislature report is required. Therefore, paradigms by following different patterns.
other institutions and systems apart from the TURBOCONDITION 6: To stimulate the
subsequent evolution of life on earth focusing on
23
See the 1995 amendment of the US Community the analysis of the neocortical morphogenesis.
Reinvestment Act, as described in my article “I
BARACKATI” <
http://www.tuttocomunicazione.it/index.php?option=co
m_content&view=article&id=92:managcomstra&catid
24
=43:rubriche&Itemid=65 > Cfr. Brockman in: www.edge.org
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 134Men always interact with their technological tools Williamson states that every organization has to
and the latter can even manipulate our ability to face three types of costs in order to survive:
manage them and our lives. This kind of circular • Contractual costs;
dynamic influences should lead to reassess our • Economic costs;
paradigms about the concept of person and of • Organizational costs.
relational system tout court. According to this The present turbocondition implies that the ability
new paradigm technical- human like we can make to spread innovation gets faster as Williamson’s
an attempt to understand how the paleocortality costs decrease: it is then necessary to keep costs
and the neocortality are affected by the technical as low as possible in order to make innovation
supports and their evolutions. broadcast faster. Shooting down costs determines
Perhaps one day we could affect the cortical new possibilities and also allows other marginal
evolution by means of technology, or even find categories to enjoy the use of an innovation
out that this human corticality has always made without being cut off.
some evolutionary leaps thanks to technology. TURBOCONDITION 8: To consider the surplus
Thus, our way to approach the study of history of variety and the hypercomplexity, a sign of
could change. Our future also depends simply on wealth and a big opportunity also in the case of
a new look to daily things. the increasing variety of artificial biodiversities
TURBOCONDITION 7: To encourage An eventual collision among natural biodiversity
continuous Kuhninan evolutions and inventions evolutionary systems and those characterized by
with a high value added. artificial biodiversity could lead to an
It is time to encourage continuous Kuhninan hybridization. This is actually already happening
evolutions and inventions with a high value (one can think about the fertility control through
added, thus to set grounds for a social system in the birth control pill or to the cure of some
which, if S=R/W, economic cycles follow one decease by means of some genetic alterations).
after the other with delayed positive timing and In fact, the biological turning point offers plenty
shorter depression times in each cycle. V of opportunities for the life quality on earth, as
represents speed, R stands for a model of well as many social issues and new
innovation information broadcast according to communication needs. That is why this
Everett Rogers’ thought and W refers to phenomenon is nowadays perceived with great
Williamson’s models. According to Rogers, at an and often unjustified fear. According to
earlier stage innovation is kept by a narrow Luhmann’s, then, “we do not live in best possible
number of innovators and from them it moves world but in a world full of better possibilities”, of
towards the first innovators (connectors, experts which we should take advantage.
and skilled sellers), then it goes to the first TURBOCONDITION 9: To enhance competition
majority and finally it reaches the last group of capitalism on the short and middle term
users, i.e the “marginal” ones. Besides, dimension through tactic models such as lean
thinking and the kaizen practice
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 135The lean thinking is addressed to the optimization of variety and increase of speed might walk one
and to increasing the results performance and has beside the other but it is not so as I am going to
always been opposing against the bureaucratic show below:
thought which is based on the control and
4. Speed.
validation of the procedure.
The power of complexity and variety meant as a
Striking out wastes can e possible if we pursue
key wealth evolution system is described by the
and implement 5 principles:
systemic approach by comparing Laszlo’s
1) To individuate the value;
whole/part paradigm and Luhmann’s system
2) To individuate the flow;
/environment one to observe the energy-ecology
3) To let the flow made up of creating
link from an evolutionary perspective.
activities run;
Nevertheless exceeding variety and complexity
4) To make the flow being pulled by the
might activate Buradization loops which is pivotal
customer, allowing him to purchase the ability to
to avoid. The challenge to avoid these loops
plan and implement only what he wants in the
largely depends on the speed of the innovation
moment in which he wants it (just in time);
cycles as I am going to explain below
5) To look Perfection (Kaizen) in the sense
The paradigm shift from whole/part to
of “continuous improvement”.
system/environment is pivotal within system
Rather than an instrument, the lean thinking is a
theory because it turns the concept of future
way of thinking which is necessary to activate the
upside down. As a matter of fact, the former
S=R/W function.
paradigm still copes with the problem to
The 9 turbocondition explained above are
describe/foresee the future and with the matter of
necessary, even though not always sufficient to
predictability and its variables while the latter-
carry out a global scenario. The latter being
which is the core of this paper considers the future
stable, fast and aware that in a free, open, fast and
as conceptual, abstract model which can be
tolerant world a rapid economic development is a
invented and then self reproduced but not
guarantee for a human, personal and social
foreseen/predicted.
dignity.
In the age of simulation and modeling patterns,
The trick according to which a “poor but happy”
the future becomes a an autopoietic concept which
world can still exist is typical of nowadays cave
evolves self referentially though all the viable
men that we can easily leave behind trying to light
networks in which it can reproduce itself. That is
a fire with some wooden sticks while we are
why in Luhmann’s words: “For a theory of
sipping our drink, reading a good book and
autopoietic systems, only communication is a
listening to some nice music on a jet carrying us
serious candidate for the position of the
where we wish to go.
elementary units of the basic self referential
These turboconditions facilitate the increasing of
process of social systems”25.
the evolutionary speed related to an increase of
variety. It might sound paradoxical that increase 25
Luhmann N., Essays on self Reference, Columbia
University Press, New York, 1990, p.6.
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 136The evolutionary autopoiesis depending on the
“reproducing by differentiating” process is a key
idea to focus on how the paradigm shift from the
whole/part variant to the system/environment one
changed the kind of mathematics to be adopted
from predicting to modeling, some way from
26
abstract to embodied mathematics with the aim
to frame the most intangible but nevertheless high
impact factors of the social systems in the
conceptualization of time in general and future in
particular. A n exemplary item of intangible but
high impact factors of the autopoietic process are
the transactional costs especially the
organizational ones according to Williamson ‘s
theory related to Roger’s cycle for the diffusion of
Figure 1: Rogers model updated (Pitasi, 2007)
inn ovations in a social system27 The Rogersian
Cycle (R) Speed (S) is proportionally inverted to The key point is to distinguish the differences
the Williamson’s costs (W) thus S= R/W which can really make the difference to empower
The purpose of this essay is to deal with the the energy system and to go beyond the limits of
energy management matter within a systemic the pro-oil/contra oil, pro-nuclear/contra nuclear
approach trying to empower an embodied mass media debate. As I widely argumented in
mathematics viable to fuel the autopoiesis process some previous works of mine28, there are three
to increase the R’s viability by decreasing W. key features which can increase R’s viability
complexity, speed, ease. This three features allow
R to generate as a spin off a knowledge wealth
flow (KWF) of the energy sector which would be
dramatically reconfigured by the KWF itself:
28
Pitasi A., Sfide del nostro tempo, Aracne, Roma,
2007; Id., Teoria sistemica e complessità
26
Lakoff G., Nunez R. E., Da dove viene la morfogenetica del capitalismo, cit.; Pitasi A., Ferone
matematica, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino, 2005. E., Il tempo zero del desiderio, McGraw Hill, Milano,
27
Pitasi A., Teoria sistemica e complessità 2008.
morfogenetica del capitalismo, Aracne, Roma, 2010.
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 137An effective energy management problem solving
requires easy and user friendly, almost idiot proof,
solutions.
The impact of design (for example about
packaging) on recycling policies is a very clear
case.
One further example is represented by high
concept + eduinfotainment novels such as
Crichton’s State of Fear through with education,
information and entertainment arte mixed and
balanced to facilitate- thus the public
Figure 2: Knowledge and Wealth Flow (Pitasi, 2007)
understanding of science about the key challenges
Let’s describe the three key features in brief: of our times concerning the energy-ecology link.
4a. COMPLEX
5 Conclusions: The Road Ahead.
Linear, causal models do not work anymore to
The evolution of the variety/speed relationship in
analyze global changes. The challenges of
terms of S= R/W is a key challenge of our time
complexity originally described by Nicolis and
and an adequate epistemological, theoretical
Prigogine begin to focus on what kind of
methodological and technical toolkit to empower
mathematics is viable to deal with exceeding
S is fundamental. Diversity Management might
varieties and on how much knowledge intensive
become a privileged tool to generate win/win
and information rich a strategic benchmark for
variety/selection/stabilization processes by
energy management might and should be .
widening the observation horizons, increasing
4b. HIGH SPEED
freedom of choice and implementing effective
By evolving the S= R/W formula thus by
high speed decision making.
describing the different energy Roger’s cycles
From my theoretical perspective29 it is pivotal that
through the downsizing of Williamson’s costs this
some key morphogenetic traits of capitalism
paragraph will describe how a strategic and
emerge downsizing other traits which might
effective strategy for energy management would
generate non only risky but also dangerous
increase socio-economical development, business
effects:
speed and radical innovation diffusion. Thus it is
In brief:
not difficult to state and demonstrate the loosing
a) The emergence of the Hyperhyuman shift
mood of those ideologies which link sustainability
will probably create new organizational stages of
to growth decreasing and /or a “back to the pre
capitalism radically reshaping health policies,
industrial world economy”.
food production and so on and this shift represents
4c. EASE
a potentially wonderful strength towards a more
29
Pitasi A., Teoria sistemica e complessità
morfogenetica del capitalismo, cit.
Rivista di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza – Vol. V – N. 3 – Settembre-Dicembre 2011 138democratic diffusion of high added value From this perspective, sociology of law is pivotal
knowledge though the most effective practices of to cope with challenge of linking scientific
the scientific citizenship lobbying. citizenship and societatian citizenship so that the
b) A key weakness of this shift might be its Hyperhuman spin-off of the so called Immortals34
implosion into the so called techno-nihilist might be framed within a relational and
30
capitalism . responsible legal theory focused on the re-entry of
c) The “ back to the cavern”/neofeudal the human in that new shape of global
solution is not viable at all. As a matter of fact, for policymaking I call Hypercitizenship.
example, the pre-industrial agriculture fed less
than 50% of the world population composed of
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