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HUMANITARIAN UPDATE Two young internally displaced girls in a UNHCR-supported IDP site in Aden Issue 3 / March 2021 Governorate. Giles Clarke/OCHA. YEMEN HUMANITARIAN HIGHLIGHTS RESPONSE PLAN AIMS TO AVERT Prioritizing People in Need FAMINE, PREVENT DISEASE P 03 OUTBREAKS AND PROTECT Resurgence of COVID-19 cases in Yemen CIVILIANS P 04 The Yemen Humanitarian flooding, a desert locust plague, Persistent fuel shortages Response Plan (YHRP) for 2021 was economic collapse, a fuel crisis across undercut humanitarian released on 16 March, appealing northern governorates and reduced operations and exacerbate for US$3.85 billion to provide humanitarian aid. As the devastating humanitarian needs humanitarian assistance to some 16 armed conflict continues into P 05 million people in need, including 2021, vulnerable populations are Humanitarian Coordinator 12.1 million people in acute need. increasingly unable to cope. Today, takes stock of needs in Ma’rib The YHRP is based on the 2021 some 20.7 million people in Yemen and Al Hodeidah Yemen Humanitarian Needs require some form of humanitarian P 07 Overview (HNO), published by the and protection assistance. More Humanitarian Country Team in than 16.2 million of them face going Displaced families relocated February, which highlighted that hungry this year, including some from schools in Ta’iz Yemen – already the world’s worst 5 million people on the verge of Governorate humanitarian crisis for the past famine and nearly 50,000 people P 08 four years – is at high risk of rapidly already experiencing famine-like Fire in Sana’a Immigration deteriorating into the worst famine conditions. 7.6 million people are Holding Facility the world has seen in decades. estimated to need services to treat P 09 or prevent malnutrition, and over Unprecedented levels of 2.25 million children aged below five humanitarian assistance helped and more than a million pregnant avert famine and other disasters in and lactating women are projected 2019, yet the underlying drivers of to suffer from acute malnutrition in the crisis persist. Throughout 2020, 2021. the humanitarian situation was aggravated by escalating conflict, Meanwhile, preventable diseases the COVID-19 pandemic, disease have become pervasive and outbreaks, torrential rains and morbidity and mortality are
2 FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS BY SECTOR AND MULTI-SECTOR SECTOR/MULTI-SECTOR FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS (US$) Food Security & Agriculture (FSAC) $1,708M Nutrition $442.9M Health $438.8M Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) $330.7M Education $257.8M Protection $218.0M Shelter/Non-Food-Items (NFI) $207.6M Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM) $61.3M Refugees and Migrants Multi-Sector (RMMS) $58.7M Logistics $51.2M Coordination $37.9M Rapid Response Mechanism (RRM) $37.6M Emergency Telecommunications (ETC) $3.3M Source: Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP) 2021 increasing, even as health partners do all they $3.85 billion is required to ensure that 16 can to mitigate and address the spread of million people in Yemen receive the protection COVID-19 while safeguarding the existing and humanitarian assistance they need this health system from collapse. The conflict year. The 2021 YHRP strategy is centered continues to devastate families, put civilians on three priority objectives: (i) preventing at grave risk and cause the death and injury of disease outbreaks and reducing morbidity and men, women and children. Since its start, the mortality; (ii) preventing famine, malnutrition conflict has displaced over 4 million people, and restoring livelihoods; and (iii) protecting making Yemen the fourth largest internal and assisting civilians. 167 partners will displacement crisis worldwide. Against all this implement the response, which focuses on is an operating environment that has been displaced and marginalized communities, and extremely restricted, characterized by extensive for which enhanced cooperation between the access challenges and insecurity that hinder humanitarian community and the Government a principled aid operation. With principled of Yemen and the authorities in Sana’a will aid delivery at risk, humanitarian partners be essential. At a high-level pledging event continue to calibrate assistance to reduce risk co-hosted by the UN and Governments of levels and strengthen measures to ensure that Switzerland and Sweden on 1 March, nearly assistance goes where it should – to the people $1.7 billion was pledged towards the HRP who most need it. funding requirement – less than last year’s pledges, and a billion dollars less than the The escalating conflict, deteriorating economic amount raised in 2019. Some $442.3 million of situation, food insecurity and nutrition this has been disbursed, and the humanitarian conditions indicate that needs will continue community continues to urge donors to swiftly to increase this year. Even more suffering disburse the remaining pledges. looms from potential shocks such as disease outbreaks, natural hazards and a potential oil It is urgent that aid agencies secure sufficient spill from the floating storage and offloading resources to keep people alive. Inadequate unit (FSO) SAFER off Yemen’s west coast. support means that life-saving programmes Without adequate funding, these needs cannot will be forced to stop or scale down, with be met and gains achieved to date will be devastating consequences for Yemen and its reversed, plunging Yemen even further into people. While the only way to end the crisis crisis. in Yemen is ultimately through lasting and
3 inclusive peace, there is still an opportunity to is the world knows exactly what is needed to make a difference right now. As emphasized prevent catastrophe: pay for the aid operation, by the UN Under-Secretary-General for ensure access for aid workers, support the Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief economy and – most of all – end the war. The Coordinator Mark Lowcock at the high-level only question is: what will the world choose to pledging event: “Millions of Yemenis are do?” looking to the world for help. The good news PRIORITIZING PEOPLE IN NEED Severe deterioration in living standards, by increased hostilities, economic decline, physical and mental wellbeing and coping flooding, locust swarms and a significant capacity have created immense support needs reduction in funding for humanitarian aid. in Yemen, where people have been enduring Although 20.7 million people are in need and devastating multifaceted impacts of the humanitarian partners aim to assist some country’s protracted crisis for the past six years. 16 million people under the 2021 Yemen Of the estimated 20.7 million people who Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP), continued require some form of humanitarian assistance resource shortages mean that partners and protection, 5.5 million are girls, 5.8 are forced to prioritize who receives what million are boys, 4.6 million are women and assistance when. In line with humanitarian 4.8 million are men. 1.8 million are pregnant principles, this prioritization is determined and lactating women, 2.8 million are children based on vulnerability and needs to ensure that under the age of five, 3.1 million are people help first reaches those who require it most. with disabilities and over 925,000 are people A central element of this is the Joint Inter- over 60 years of age. 12.1 million people Sector Analysis Framework (JIAF), which are in acute need, and of the over 4 million measures needs based on indicators related to people internally displaced, some 3 million are humanitarian conditions as defined by living determined to be in circumstances between standards, coping capacity and physical and severe and catastrophic. mental wellbeing, as well as severity rankings The 2021 Humanitarian Needs Overview ranging from one (none/minimal) to five (HNO) revealed that severe needs exist (catastrophic). Over half of Yemen’s population across multiple sectors in the same locations live in areas with severity rankings of three, in Yemen, disproportionately affecting four and five (severe, extreme and catastrophic marginalized and vulnerable groups. Millions respectively): 65 of Yemen’s 333 districts are of people in Yemen face compounding categorized as catastrophic in severity, 164 as challenges related to food insecurity and extreme, and 103 as severe. This translates to malnutrition, displacement, disease and an alarming 3.3 million people deemed to be protection risks, their vulnerabilities deepened in catastrophic need, pointing to a complete HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE BY TARGETED GROUPS IN NEED POPULATION GROUP PEOPLE IN PEOPLE NEED TARGETED TARGET Internally displaced people 3.0M 3.0M People with disabilities 3.1M 2.4M Children under 5 years old 2.8M 2.2M Pregnant and lactating women 1.7M 1.3M Refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants 275K 275K Source: Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP) 2021
4 collapse of living standards, exhaustion of is found in areas close to the frontlines, last resort coping mechanisms and excess indicative of how conflict is driving needs mortality. These districts are where the most throughout the country. This analysis allows urgent assistance is required to save lives and for effective needs-based prioritization in the prevent the disintegration of livelihoods. humanitarian response, based on geographical severity and highlighting vulnerable groups On top of this, 17 million more people are disproportionately in need of assistance, in severe and extreme circumstances as a including displaced persons, refugees, asylum result of deteriorating living standards and seekers, migrants, people with disabilities and basic services, increased reliance on negative Muhamasheen – the people bearing the brunt coping strategies and the significant impact of the ongoing crisis. of the conflict on physical safety and mental resilience. Indeed, the highest severity PLANNED RESPONSE PEOPLE IN NEED PEOPLE TARGETED WOMEN CHILDREN WITH DISABILITY 20.7M 16M 4.3M 8.8M 2.4M People targeted < 20,000 20,001 - 40,000 40,001 - 60,000 60,001 - 80,000 > 80,000 SAUDI ARABIA OMAN SANA'A CITY SA'DAH AL JAWF HADRAMAWT AL MAHARAH HAJJAH AMRAN AL MAHWIT MA'RIB SANA'A SHABWAH AL HODEIDAH DHAMAR AL BAYDA RAYMAH IBB ABYAN TA'IZ 100 km ERITREA LAHJ SOCOTRA ADEN ETHIOPIA AD DALI' DJIBOUTI SOMALIA Source: Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP) 2021 RESURGENCE OF COVID-19 CASES IN YEMEN A sharp increase in COVID-19 cases has been over the same period, from two deaths the observed in Yemen since mid-February, with week of 15 February to 13, 19, 33, 54 and 95 the number of new cases reported by the deaths respectively in each of the weeks that Government of Yemen (GoY) in areas under followed. its control rising from fewer than 10 per week Since the first COVID-19 case was identified since October 2020 to 21 in the week of 15 in April 2020, health authorities have reported February 2021, followed by 112, 175, 327, 4,119 confirmed cases as of 29 March 2021, 507 and 691 new cases respectively in each mostly in GoY areas – nearly half of these of the subsequent five weeks. The number of within the past five weeks alone. The highest COVID-19 associated deaths has also increased
5 numbers have been reported in Hadramawt prevention and early detection of COVID-19, (1,896 cases), Aden (774 cases) and Ta’iz (560 promote behavioral change through risk cases) governorates. With a high associated communication and community engagement fatality rate at hospital ICU-level of 21 per (RCCE), expand testing capacity and support cent – due mainly to late arrival of patients COVID-19 case management. WHO and and a lack of experienced human resources and health partners are further scaling up their capacities – 864 COVID-19 associated deaths support by providing essential, lifesaving have been recorded, as well as 1,659 recoveries. medicines and medical supplies, to enable case Official information about the number of cases management of patients, including severe in areas under the control of Ansar Allah in cases, while ensuring the protection of health the north of Yemen remains absent, although care workers. Efforts are also underway to informal indications are that cases are rising vaccinate priority groups such as frontline there too. Health authorities in both the north health care workers, older people and people and south of Yemen have highlighted the need with comorbidities. Yemen will receive 14 to enhance measures to mitigate the spread million doses of COVID-19 vaccines through of COVID-19, including isolating suspected the COVAX Facility, which will cover and confirmed cases as well as initiating the vaccination of some 23 per cent of the epidemiological investigations. population across all governorates. The first 360,000 doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine were Inadequate testing facilities and official received on 31 March, together with 13,000 reporting as well as delays in people seeking safety boxes and 1.3 million syringes that are treatment due to stigma, difficulty in accessing critical for the safe and effective roll-out of the treatment centres and the perceived risks of vaccination campaign. This first batch is part seeking care continue to inhibit the response of 1.9 million doses that Yemen will initially to COVID-19. To address this, health partners receive throughout 2021. are working to enhance surveillance for the COVID-19 CASES IN YEMEN Confirmed Cases Deaths 4,361 4000 3000 2000 889 1000 0 APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR Source: WHO 2020 2021 PERSISTENT FUEL SHORTAGES UNDERCUT HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS AND EXACERBATE HUMANITARIAN NEEDS Yemen’s northern governorates have been dependent on the fuel supplies made available contending with crippling fuel shortages through the informal market – usually smuggled since June 2020, following a dispute over the from areas under the control of the Government use of revenue from fuel imports between of Yemen in the south – with fuel prices doubling the Government of Yemen and the de facto or even tripling in some areas, which has authorities in Sana’a. Shortages have deepened contributed to increases in food and water prices, since January 2021, leaving the population further eroding families’ purchasing power and struggling to access essential services and exacerbating humanitarian needs. impacting aid partners’ ability to deliver In January 2021, only four commercial fuel humanitarian assistance to people in need. tankers discharged their fuel cargo of 80,854 In the meantime, people in northern metric tonnes (MTs) in Al Hodeidah. No fuel governorates have become increasingly vessels were permitted to enter Al Hodeidah port
6 in February despite all fuel vessels being inspected programmes have been affected by fuel shortages. and cleared by the United Nations Verification In addition, 619 nutrition sites have been and Inspection Mechanism (UNVIM). As of 29 impacted, affecting 38,655 children under five March, one commercial fuel vessel discharged and pregnant and lactating women. Partners 3,705 MTs of fuel for WFP and four UNVIM- warn that an additional 867 nutrition sites will cleared commercial fuel tankers with a combined soon be impacted, affecting an estimated 138,981 cargo of 72,295 MTs had entered Al Hodeidah children under five and pregnant and lactating port and were in the process of discharging their women. Meanwhile, Shelter Cluster partners cargo. Another ten UNVIM-cleared vessels with report that the limited availability of fuel has a combined cargo of 237,519 MTs of fuel remain impacted assistance distribution activities, held in the Saudi-led Coalition (SLC) holding needs assessments, transport of supplies and the area, awaiting permission from the Government reconstruction and rehabilitation of transitional of Yemen to enter. These vessels have been shelters, affecting 17,760 families in Sana’a and waiting for clearance for an average of 72 days, Ta’iz governorates alone. further increasing costs that will be passed on to Protection Cluster partners have reported a Yemeni consumers. reduction in protection activities, including the In a precedent not seen since the beginning of provision of psychosocial support and legal aid the conflict in 2015, no commercial fuel imports and the conduct of needs assessments. Partners entered Al Hodeidah port for 52 days-from 28 have resorted to relying on mobile clinics January to 21 March 2021. This is an alarming to visit beneficiaries who cannot afford the development, considering that more than half transportation costs to visit community centres. of Yemen’s commercial fuel imports had been Overall, protection partners estimate that limited coming through Al Hodeidah in recent years. fuel availability had impacted the provision of services to 10,500 families in Ibb, Ta’iz and Sa’dah Field reports indicate that fuel shortages are governorates. impacting commercial activity, including the transport of food to markets, and threaten Evidence is also emerging that fuel shortages are to undercut the availability of clean water as impacting WASH support activities, affecting fuel-powered water pumps run out of fuel. the delivery of assistance to some three million Aid partners report that the price of water has people across northern governorates. Partners increased across northern governorates – by up report that some water delivery and sanitation to 50 per cent in Hajjah and Al Hodeidah, for projects have been suspended, with cleaning example – risking an increase of diseases such as activities and assessment and monitoring Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD) or cholera. activities also impacted. Humanitarian operations are also being impacted Almost all health facilities – which rely on fuel by the limited availability of fuel, according to power their electricity generators – have been to reports from aid partners. WFP reports affected by the limited availability of fuel. Field that transporters it contracted to deliver food reports indicate that some health facilities in Ibb, assistance are facing delays of between three and Sana’a, and Sa’dah governorates face an imminent four days in some districts due to the limited risk of being forced to suspend health services availability of fuel. due to lack of fuel. Meanwhile, the people who most need aid cannot afford the increased Nutrition Cluster partners report that outpatient transportation costs to seek treatment in health therapeutic feeding, targeted supplementary facilities. feeding and blanket supplementary feeding AVERAGE FUEL DISCHARGED THROUGH AL HODEIDAH PORT SINCE JANUARY 2020 Fuel (MTs) 259,480 250000 204,777 197,650 184,435 187,272 187,788 200000 164,660 132,903 150000 83,699 75,904 80,854 100000 8,099 19,985 50000 3,705 0 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR 2020 2021 Source: UNVIM
7 HUMANITARIAN COORDINATOR TAKES STOCK OF NEEDS IN MA’RIB AND AL HODEIDAH The Humanitarian Coordinator for largest IDP population in Yemen, according Yemen, David Gressly, accompanied by the to local authorities – with some living in International Organization for Migration’s approximately 125 IDP sites. Sirwah District (IOM) Chief of Mission in Yemen, Christa hosts around 30,000 displaced people in at least Rottensteiner and other UN officials, visited 14 displacement sites. Ma’rib on 20 March to see first-hand the Earlier, Mr. Gressly, accompanied by OCHA growing humanitarian needs of displaced Head of Office, visited Al Hodeidah, including families, including those newly displaced the Al Hodeidah seaport, over the period 6 to following the most recent escalation of 8 March, to assess the humanitarian situation hostilities there, which began in the first and discuss ways of addressing the immense week of February. Mr. Gressly visited two humanitarian challenges in the governorate. displacement sites, where he met with In his meeting with local authorities, internally displaced people and community including Al Hodeidah’s acting Governor, Mr. members. Gressly emphasized the need to de-escalate During the two-day visit, Mr. Gressly also met hostilities and grant relief organizations the with local authorities, including the Governor necessary access to aid people in need across of Ma’rib, and with humanitarian partners the governorate. Mr. Gressly also met with working on the ground. He also met the humanitarian partners and had the opportunity strengthened field coordination fora recently to speak to families affected by the conflict, introduced by OCHA in Ma’rib, which was including displaced people. well received by authorities and partners. Al Hodeidah is one of the governorates with The armed confrontations that erupted in the highest severity of needs in Yemen. More several districts of Ma’rib in the first week of than 2.57 million of the 20.7 million people February 2021 have led to the displacement of in need of humanitarian assistance in Yemen at least 2,133 families (about 15,000 people) live in the governorate. More than one million as of 25 March, according to IOM. Many people living in Al Hodeidah face a crisis level of those displaced are from Sirwah District, of food insecurity (IPC Phase 3) or above, and which saw some of the heaviest fighting. the governorate is one of six in Yemen with Most of the newly displaced people reported acute malnutrition rates exceeding the 15 being displaced for the third or fourth time, per cent World Health Organization (WHO) and many are living in extremely precarious emergency threshold. conditions. Ma’rib Governorate hosts the Humanitarian Coordinator for Yemen, David Gressly, meets representatives of women’s groups working in Ma’rib Governorate. © IOM
8 DISPLACED FAMILIES RELOCATED FROM SCHOOLS IN TA’IZ GOVERNORATE On 20 February, a long-running inter-cluster sectoral team in the first half of December endeavor came to fruition as 106 displaced 2020. Site preparations quickly commenced. families were successfully relocated from two The ExU was designated to pave the site schools in Ash Shamayatayn District in Ta’iz and prepare access roads, and humanitarian Governorate to a new hosting site within the partners across sectors coordinated to make same district. The families had been living the site habitable. By early February 2021, 97 in the two schools – Al-Noman and Al-Fajr shelters had been installed by the Norwegian Al-Jadeed in the At Turbah area – since July Refugee Council (NRC) and nine more by 2015, when hostilities drove people to flee the UNHCR partner Suna’a Al-Nahda, while Ta’iz City for surrounding areas. This resulted the International Organization for Migration in the closure of the Al-Noman school as well (IOM) installed the most needed water, as 16 out of 24 classes at the Al-Fajr Al-Jadeed sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities, and school, affecting some 950 students who as a cluster partners including for Food Security result faced longer and riskier journeys to other and Agriculture (FSAC), Health and Protection schools and increased congestion in classes that were standing by to provide their services at remained open. the site. Preparations continued in the weeks that followed, and the displaced families were To enable the resumption of education services moved from the schools to the new site on 20 at the schools, the Ash Shamayatayn District February. authorities and host community entreated for the relocation of the displaced families to With the two schools in Ash Shamayatayn alternative hosting sites. Aid partners raised District now vacated, the Education Cluster this appeal with the Government of Yemen’s plans to implement rehabilitation activities Executive Unit for Internally Displaced Persons and replace materials to rectify the damage (ExU) in 2019, with the ExU subsequently and wear and tear incurred as a result of over proposing six potential sites. Three of these five years of residential occupancy. Through were rejected on protection grounds, while this collective effort, humanitarian partners two others were refused by the landowners. As were able to provide safe and dignified time progressed, the displaced families endured accommodation to the displaced families while increasing insecurity and risk of eviction, as also returning the two schools to educational disgruntlement among the host community service for children living in proximity to Al- grew about their protracted occupancy of Noman and Al-Fajr Al-Jadeed. the schools and delays in their relocation. Ultimately, local authorities set a deadline by which the schools had to be vacated – 30 November 2020 – after which the families faced forcible expulsion. Given the grave risk this posed to the people living in the two schools, OCHA engaged with the Governor of Ta’iz, successfully requesting that no deadline be imposed before an alternative site was available as well as assurances that the displaced families would be protected from harm. Efforts were Tents in the new hosting site for the displaced families. increased to locate a suitable site, and one was Source: Shelter Cluster finally identified and approved by a multi-
9 FIRE IN SANA’A IMMIGRATION HOLDING FACILITY On 7 March, a fire tore through an Forty-five victims of the fire have reportedly immigration holding facility in Sana’a, killing been buried in the Sana’a Central Cemetery, at least 45 migrants and injuring over 170 and of the estimated 170 injured migrants, others. Nearly 900 migrants – most of whom some remain in public hospitals while are Ethiopian – were held in the overcrowded others were transferred to private hospitals, facility, which is run by the Immigration, police stations or other temporary detention Passports and Naturalization Authority facilities. Detainees of the affected facility (IPNA). Over 350 people were in the hangar who escaped the fire were reportedly released area where the fire broke out, reportedly as a into Sana’a city, transferred to police stations result of teargas canisters discharged into the or to southern governorates controlled by hangar by guards attempting to end migrants’ the international recognized government protests against their treatment at the facility. as the facility was vacated following the tragedy. Efforts to verify their whereabouts Humanitarian actors were on site when this are ongoing, as are discussions between key devastating incident occurred, enabling an stakeholders to potentially organize exceptional immediate response as teams of health workers returns for people affected. and ambulances were swiftly dispatched to the facility and major hospitals to support the Despite the ongoing conflict and the Ministry of Public Health and Population in COVID-19 pandemic, Yemen remains a transit providing urgent life-saving assistance. Access country for migrants travelling between the to victims of the fire has been challenging, Horn of Africa and the Kingdom of Saudi however. Health teams were initially kept out Arabia. Some 138,000 migrants lived in of intensive care units (ICU) and emergency Yemen as of late 2020, all of whom have a rooms, and the migrant community was right to protection and safety afforded by denied access to the injured and the deceased. the authorities. The UN reiterates its call for Humanitarian and health partners have since the cessation of arbitrary arrest, detention been able to gain access to survivors, albeit and forced transfer of migrants in Yemen. with continued heightened security presence Alternatives to detention are needed for and limits on access to ICUs and the main burn humane migration management, with migrants unit where patients are receiving treatment. granted freedom of movement and access to services as well as access to voluntary and safe As of 31 March, more than 29,000 medical humanitarian returns administered in line with items have been provided by humanitarian international human rights standards. partners, as well as 610 food packages and 204 kits of non-food items including clothes, hygiene materials and other specialized items. Delivery of a further 17,000 medical kits and supplies and 500 blankets has also been coordinated. Humanitarian actors continue to communicate offers of support to the hospitals and to authorities, including with regard to family tracing efforts for the dead and injured. For further information, please contact: Sajjad Mohammad Sajid OCHA information products are available at: Head of Office, OCHA Yemen www.unocha.org/yemen E-mail: sajid@un.org www.unocha.org www.reliefweb.Int Tapiwa Gomo Head of Communication, OCHA Yemen Tel: +967 712 222 860 E-mail: gomo@un.org
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