Honoring Olmsted Rochester Garden Club - Rochester ...
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Rochester Garden Club
presents
Honoring
Olmsted
A GCA Virtual Flower Show
June 18, 2021
The purpose of The Garden Club of America is to stimulate the knowledge and love of garden-
ing; to share the advantage of association by means of educational meetings, conferences, corre-
spondence, and publications; and to restore, improve and protect the quality of the environment
through educational programs and action in the fields of conservation and civic improvement.
The purpose of a flower show is threefold: to set standards of artistic and horticultural excel-
lence; to broaden knowledge of horticulture, floral design, conservation, photography, and other
related areas; and to share the beauty of a show with fellow club members and with the public.
The Garden Club of America Flower Show and Judging Guide, July 2020 Edition
The Rochester Garden Club was founded in 1915 with a mission to: instruct the public on horti-
cultural subjects, correct gardening techniques, and conservation of plants by means of flower
shows, exhibitions, forums and lectures; to co-operate with other not-for-profit organizations in
maintaining a library of material on horticulture and allied subjects; to co-operate with other not
-for-profit organizations in encouraging roadside beautification and civic planting; and, to offer
awards to members and non-members that may include, but are not limited to, civic improve-
ment, conservation, flower arranging, historic preservation, and horticulture.
2
D ear Garden Club Members,
The Rochester Garden Club is delighted to welcome you to Honoring Olmsted — a virtual flower
show paying homage to the father of American landscape architecture, Frederick Law Olmsted.
Inspired by the Garden Club of America’s focus on Olmsted’s upcoming 200th birthday, we
have created a flower show with an educational focus. It is with pride that we present the out-
come of our research and our personal inquiries. Our Division Chairmen have dug deeply into
the many facets and philosophies of this fascinating visionary. Within their respective disci-
plines, they reflect his story.
I am incredibly proud of our committee. They have been inspired by what they have learned
and they have pushed us in directions we could not have imagined when we started out. In a
working on this show has
time of social isolation,
brought us camaraderie and meaning.
It has also given us the opportunity to work more closely with our GCA colleagues and get to
know the incredible resources available on our GCA website. In particular we would like to
thank the committees of the virtual shows Nurture, Salute, and Around the Green for sharing their
knowledge. They have inspired us and paved our way.
Because we are enduring an unprecedented pandemic, our nation’s parks are experiencing an
enormous increase in usage, fulfilling Olmsted’s vision of the park as a refuge for health, relaxa-
Never has the meaning of
tion, and restoration to all citizens.
his parks been more relevant. To paraphrase a wonderful
observation from the Emerald Necklace Conservancy, when you step into an Olmsted park
you not only enter a physical space, you
engage with an idea.
We invite you to enter our schedule and explore the beauty and richness of Olmsted’s ideas.
Enjoy!
Mary Corcoran
Chairman, Honoring Olmsted
3
INTRODUCTION
Frederick Law Olmsted - Visionary Landscape Architect
Frederick Law Olmsted left an indelible imprint on the Rochester, New York park system. Between 1888
and 1891 Olmsted advised the Park Commission regarding land acquisition and designed three major
parks. After Olmsted’s death in 1895 his design firm Olmsted and Sons provided design and consultant
services for the next thirty years. This additional work included numerous small parks in the city and an
additional large park, Durand Eastman.
Olmsted judged the Genesee River to be Rochester’s fairest asset with natural settings that should be
preserved. He recommended purchase of land and development of two large parks straddling the Gene-
see River north and south of the city’s center. The North Park later was named Seneca Park and the
South Park Genesee Valley Park. The third park was to be located on approximately twenty acres of land
around the Highland Reservoir that Ellwanger and Barry Nursery Firm donated in January 1888.
Three restrictions came with the city’s acceptance of the land—the city must employ a competent land-
scape engineer to make plans and drawings for the park; the park must be maintained in the style of a
park of the first class; and the collections of hardy trees and shrubs must be planted to form an arbore-
tum. For this Highland area to be developed into a major park additional land needed to be acquired to
meet Olmsted’s design. Park Commissioner Dr. Edward Mott Moore, Sr. stated in a letter dated March
18, 1890, “We have decided to purchase the land around the reservoir precisely as you have laid it out.”
Highland Park
Taking advantage of the highest point on the moraine left from
the Ice Age glacier melt, Olmsted envisioned a pavilion at the pin-
nacle. His design reshaped the landscape, blending in winding
paths, trees and shrubs, and breathtaking vistas. Olmsted imag-
ined a magnificent circular, three-story, open-air pavilion that
would offer panoramic views of the park, the city skyline against
Lake Ontario to the north and the distant countryside and the
Bristol hills to the south. He engaged the firm Shepley, Rutan and
Coolidge Architects to design the pavilion. Dedicated on Septem-
ber 29, 1890, the crowning glory of Highland Park became known as the Children’s Pavilion. All path-
ways in the park lead to the signature of the park—the Children’s Pavilion. Olmsted’s concept of shrubs
filling the area below the pavilion was carried out by the Parks Department with plantings of lilacs, rho-
dodendrons, and other select shrubs.
4
Genesee Valley Park
Olmsted’s selection of a pastoral location along the Genesee River
became his design focus for Genesee Valley Park. The name Gene-
see comes from the Seneca word meaning good valley or pleasant
valley. The park was an assemblage of former farms. Olmsted cre-
ated a great meadow with a circular carriage drive. Next to the
meadow was a deer park, again a simple pastoral element. Sheep
cropped the vast acres of the great meadow and added a feeling of
escape from a busy city. Alas, the great meadow was repurposed
for a public golf course and the sheep are gone. The deer park still
provides for recreational games and picnics. The most change oc-
curred in this Park when a major dam was built downstream and a
canal was built through the park. Now a boat house is across the
river and three bridges span the space between the two sections of the park.
Seneca Park
The three-mile-long gorge below the ninety-feet High Falls of
the Genesee River became the site of Seneca Park, the third great
park of the Olmsted designed park system for Rochester.
Olmsted emphasized the steep sides of the gorge by placing a
narrow strip of parkland along the edge of the steepest part of
the upper section of the park for carriage drives as well as walk-
ing paths and viewing platforms. Several flights of stairs lead
down the side of the gorge to shelters and viewing platforms
near the river’s edge. Further down the river the gorge becomes
slight hills and marshland. Constructed pathways wind through
the marsh’s native vegetation. Characteristic of his work,
Olmsted’s design provided access to diverse natural wonders
without destroying the natural elements.
Frederick Law Olmsted’s Ongoing Legacy
On the eve of Olmsted’s 200th birthday celebration the Rochester Garden Club honors his legacy in Roch-
ester. His recommendation to acquire additional land for Highland Park resulted in space for the Roches-
ter Garden Club to build a Poet’s Garden that helped the club to qualify for membership in Garden Club
of America. His insistence for planting shrubs rather than trees along the pathways leading to the Chil-
dren’s Pavilion led the Park’s Department to choose lilacs and rhododendrons. The Lilac Festival, Roch-
ester’s largest annual festival, is the result of his vision for the space. Most importantly, Olmsted believed
all citizens, not just the wealthy, should have access to beautiful parks and to have the opportunity to en-
joy the health benefits of walking under a tree canopy. Rochester can proudly say, “Look what our fa-
thers and mothers and our civic leaders did for us when they engaged Frederick Law Olmsted to plan a
park system for Rochester, New York.”
Dr. Edna Claunch
Historian, Rochester Garden Club
5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Timetable for Exhibitors 7
Flower Show Committee 9
GCA Rules 11
General Information 12
Division I – Floral Design Guidelines 14
Division I – Floral Design Classes 16
Division II – Horticulture Guidelines 18
Division II – Horticulture Classes 20
Division III – Photography Guidelines 23
Division III – Photography Classes 25
Division IV – Botanical Arts Guidelines 29
Division IV – Botanical Arts Classes 31
Division V – Education 32
Educational Component 32
GCA Flower Show Awards 33
Rochester Garden Club Flower Show Awards 37
...meadows of the most varied, luxuriant and exquisite herb-
age, through which meanders a broad stream of the clearest
water, rippling over a pebbly bottom, and eddying among
banks of ferns and rushes; sometimes narrowed into
sparkling rapids… - Olmsted
6
TIMETABLE
FOR EXHIBITORS
December 2, 2020 Horticulture – Six-month ownership deadline
March 4, 2021 Horticulture – Three-month ownership deadline
March 22, 2021 Schedule posted on GCA Website & Registration opens for all divisions for
Rochester Garden Club Members
March 25, 2021 Registration opens for Allyn’s Creek Garden Club Members
March 27, 2021 Registration opens for Zone III Garden Club Members
March 29, 2021 Registration opens for all GCA Garden Club Members except in Division II
Horticulture
April 16, 2021 Floral Design, Photography, and Botanical Arts registration deadline
April 21, 2021 Exhibitor’s letter to entrants with details of submission requirements
May 8, 2021 Horticulture registration deadline for Class 20
May 12, 2021 Passing Judges Discussion Session via Zoom
May 19, 2021 Botanical Arts digital submission with passing judges
May 20, 2021 Photography digital submission with passing judges
May 24, 2021 Floral Design digital submission with passing judges
May 26, 2021 Horticulture digital submission with passing judges
June 1, 2021 Judges Cocktail Zoom Welcome Party - 6:00 pm
Judges Discussion Sessions via Zoom
June 1, 2021 Floral Design & Botanical Arts 9:00 am – 10:30 am
Horticulture 1:00 pm – 2:30 pm
Photography 3:00 pm – 4:30 pm
7
Judging
June 2, 2021 Floral Design 9:00 am - 12:00 pm
1:00 pm - 4:00 pm
June 3, 2021 Photography 9:00 am - 12:00 pm
1:00 pm - 4:00 pm
Botanical Arts 1:00 pm - 4:00 pm
June 4, 2021 Horticulture 9:00 am - 12:00 pm
1:00 pm - 4:00 pm
Awards
June 7, 2021 Special Awards Floral Design 10:00 am - 12:00 pm
Special Awards Horticulture 10:00 am - 12:00 pm
Special Awards Photography 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm
Special Awards Botanical Arts 1:00 pm - 2:00 pm
Special Awards Education 3:00 pm - 4:00 pm
Flower Show
June 18, 2021 Slideshow premiere to Rochester Garden Club
June 21, 2021 Virtual Flower Show posted on Zone III & GCA Flower Show Committee
Landing Pages
All times listed in this schedule are Eastern Daylight Time
8
FLOWER SHOW COMMITTEE
Show Chairman Mary Corcoran
585-474-6048
Mpf280@gmail.com
Club President Deborah Hale
585-216-5055
doobshale@gmail.com
Division Chairmen
Division I Floral Design Joanne Smith
585-233-4173
Joannedsmith18@gmail.com
Division II Horticulture Catherine Fuller
585-281-3678
CatherineF618@gmail.com
Division III Photography Beth Hickman
585-991-8030
Elizabeth.d.hickman@gmail.com
Division IV Botanical Arts Maureen Dobies
585-329-3914
mdobies@rochester.rr.com
Division V Education Pamela Hines
585-721-8339
phinesc240@aol.com
9
Division V Education Sue Lawton
585-752-9494
scootchsl@hotmail.com
Wezo Pierson
585-509-5691
wezopierson@gmail.com
Judges Penny Horne
585-662-5592
Pennyhorne47@gmail.com
Awards Jane Chapman
585-746-2426
Janechapman01@icloud.com
Technology Roberta DuBeshter
585-230-7587
robertadubes@gmail.com
Diane Shoger
585-820-4875
dshoger@gmail.com
Schedule Dawn Borgeest
585-750-3825
dawnvborgeest@gmail.com
Watercolors Mary Corcoran
585-474-6048
Mpf280@gmail.com
10GCA RULES
Please carefully read and follow GCA Flower Show Rules, General Information, Division Guide-
lines and Virtual Flower Show Materials. All rules as stated in The Garden Club of America Flower
Show and Judging Guide, July 2020 Edition, shall apply.
All plant material must be correctly identified with the botanical and common names, if possible.
Accepted references for nomenclature are: https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plantfinder/
plantfindersearch.aspx and https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/search-Form.
The Garden Club of America expects all exhibitors to be aware of the need to promote conserva-
tion of endangered and threatened plants. Plants collected in the wild and listed by the New York
State Natural Heritage Program may not be exhibited in any flower show sponsored by a GCA
club. Cultivated plant material listed by New York’s Natural Heritage Program may be exhibited
if accompanied by a typed card stating that it has not been collected from the wild or that it was
collected out-of-state and giving information concerning its cultural requirements and methods of
propagation. Natural Heritage Program lists of endangered plant material will be available before
and during the show from the division chairmen and are available online at http://
plants.usda.gov/threat.html
Locally invasive plants (https://plants.usda.gov/java/noxiousDriver and https://www.dec.ny.gov/
docs/lands_forests_pdf/isprohibitedplants2.pdf) diseased plant material, artificial plant material,
live animals (including fish), taxidermy, natural birds’ nests, feathers of any kind and protected
sea life, including coral, are not permitted.
11GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Entries are open to all GCA club members, including provisionals and professionals in their disciplines,
for Division I Floral Design, Division III Photography, and Division IV Botanical Arts. Division II: Horti-
culture Classes 1 - 19 are open to Zone III Garden Club members only; Class 20 is open to Rochester Gar-
den Club Members only.
2. Registration for Division II Horticulture Section A: Classes 1 - 19: Cut Specimens, will take place on May
26, 2021 between 8:00 am to12:00 pm. Registration links for these classes will include uploads for entry
photographs.
3. Registration is required for all other classes per the Timetable for Exhibitors. Links to registration forms
are provided at the end of each Class Section of the Division. Classes will be filled in the order registra-
tion forms are received according to the submission date and time.
4. If the class you register for is full, and you would like to be placed on the wait list, please return to the
schedule and click on the wait list link.
5. A statement of intent, either optional or required, must be submitted at the time of entry. The statement,
which is an explanation of the exhibitor’s creation, must be no more than 25 words.
6. Exhibitors will receive their entry number and confirmation of their registration for classes by email
shortly after registering. The exception to this is for Division II, Horticulture, Section A: Cut Specimens.
Exhibitors in Classes 1 – 19 will submit entries without an entry number and receive confirmation of
their passing or not passing entry directly from the passing judges.
7. Only one entry per exhibitor is encouraged in floral design, photography, and botanical arts. Exceptions
may be made if needed to fill a class.
8. Entering in a show constitutes permission to use images of the submitted content in all GCA channels of
communication.
9. Any clarification or change in the rules, as originally stated in the schedule, shall be communicated
promptly by email by the division chairman to all exhibitors in the class, the passing judges, and the
judges.
10. On April 21 2021, exhibitors (except for Division II, Horticulture, Section A: Cut Specimens. Exhibitors
in Classes 1 – 19) will be emailed letters providing instructions and links for their entry card, statement
of intent (if applicable), and submission of photos of their entries. Exhibitors for Division II, Horticul-
ture, Section A: Cut Specimens Classes 1 – 19 are encouraged to view and practice completing the Sam-
ple Horticulture Entry Form.
11. The photographic image file must be in jpeg, jpng, or heic format. Smartphone images are acceptable
and should be submitted actual/full size. Entries should be photographed from a distance that properly
fills the frame with a little space around the entry. Have no distracting elements in your photograph.
12. Apple iPhone Users: DO NOT USE the PORTRAIT SETTING when taking photographs of your entries
and DO NOT CROP the images on your Apple iPhone or iPad because the resulting resolution is not
adequate (less than 1MB). Try not to crop, but if you must, transfer your image to your desktop/laptop
and crop the image there.
1213. You must rename your image file according to the specifications on your entry card. The simplest
way to do this is to right-click or double-click on the file name and type in the revised name. Alterna-
tive renaming methods can be found for MAC users HERE and for PC users HERE. Renaming imag-
es on an iPhone and iPad require transfer of the images to a computer to rename them. The file name
must include the entrant’s last name, first name initial, division numeral, class number, and entry
number (if known) (JonesB-III-3-4.jpeg).
14. All photographs, with the exception of those entered in the photography division may not be en-
hanced, do not have to be taken by the exhibitor, and will not be judged on the quality of the photo-
graph. Cropping and basic edits to correct exposure or white balance, for example, are permitted, but
only to the extent necessary to produce faithful replication of the entry. Any photographer other than
the exhibitor should be acknowledged in the submission form. Submission information for digital
photographs: digital image size for all entries is 1-10 MB sRGB and images are to be oriented the way
they are to be displayed. Please review Virtual GCA Flower Show Photography Guidelines for Exhib-
itors.
15. A photograph of an entry that has been previously exhibited in any GCA, GCA Major, Sanctioned
Non-GCA Major Flower Show, or a GCA publication online contest may not be entered again even
with slight alterations. The same photograph may only be entered in one show at a time.
16. On the Passing Dates (per the Timetable for Exhibitors), passing judges will pass the classes during
scheduled times. Via a telephone call, they will either confirm the passing of the entry or conference
with the exhibitor to alter an image of the entry just like at a regular flower show. Exhibitors are en-
couraged to have multiple images of the entry on hand for back up to ensure that requisite number of
entries are passed and submitted in the submission timeframe. Refer to the class for the required im-
ages.
17. The passing judges reserve the right to refuse any entry that does not conform to the rules of the
schedule. The exhibitor has the option of correcting the entry if time permits. If not corrected, the en-
try cannot be judged, but may be marked “For Exhibit Only” with a brief, constructively worded
statement explaining why it was not judged. The judges may not disqualify any entry passed by the
passing judges.
18. A novice is an individual exhibitor who has not won a first-place ribbon or a GCA Special Award in
the division entered at a GCA Flower Show, GCA Major Flower Show or Sanctioned Non-GCA Major
Flower Show. An exhibitor winning a first-place ribbon in a GCA Flower Show is still considered a
novice in a GCA Major Flower Show or in a Sanctioned Non-GCA Major Flower Show or in another
division of any flower show. In addition, an exhibitor who has won a first-place ribbon or Special
Award in a GCA Major Flower Show or Sanctioned Non-GCA Major Flower Show is no longer a nov-
ice in any level of GCA Flower Shows in the division won. Only individual novice exhibitors are eligi-
ble to receive the GCA Novice Awards or the Sandra Baylor Novice Floral Design Award. A novice
exhibitor will be identified on the entry card, following the initial judging.
13DIVISION I
Floral Design
Guidelines
1. Please carefully read and follow the GCA Rules, General Information and Timetable for Ex-
hibitors.
2. Registration instructions can be found at the end of each class description. You will be noti-
fied by email if your registration is accepted.
3. Photographs must be taken immediately following completion of design and submitted via
the registration link provided to the exhibitors from 8 am - 12:00 pm per the Timetable for
Exhibitors submission dates.
4. Photograph your design from a distance that properly fills the frame with a little space
around the entry and with no distracting elements. Photograph it straight on, level with the
center of the design, not downward or upward. Photograph the design from viewing an-
gles listed in class description. For example, three sides would require three photos all tak-
en from the same distance with the same lighting. Some form of measurement should be
included in an additional photo for passing purposes. All backgrounds are specified in the
class description.
5. An exhibitor is permitted only one entry per class but may enter more than one class. The
exhibitor(s) under whose name(s) the entry has been registered must create and complete
the design. No more than two exhibitors may execute a design unless otherwise stated in
the schedule. All participants must be listed.
6. If forced to withdraw, an exhibitor must notify the registration chairman and class consult-
ant and find a substitute unless there is a waiting list for the class.
7. Mechanics should not be visible unless they are an integral part of the design.
8. Anything not prohibited in the GCA Rules, Floral Design Division Guidelines, or individual
class descriptions is permitted.
9. All entries must include fresh and/or dried plant material. Rooted plant material is allowed
provided no soil is attached. An organic response in the use of materials is encouraged.
10. Although permitted, the use of cut fruits and vegetables is discouraged and should be un-
dertaken only with proper treatment to prevent spoilage and insect contamination.
11. Accessories are permitted, unless otherwise stated in the class description.
12. Judging will be based on the principles of design: balance, contrast, dominance, proportion,
rhythm, and scale; and the elements of design: light, space, line, form, color, texture, pattern,
and size. Creativity is important, as are distinction, conformance to and interpretation of the
class and schedule.
13. Questions regarding class requirements may be directed to the class consultant and/or di
vision chairman.
14. Definitions in the Floral Design Division are taken from the FS & JG (Yellow Book) Book 5:
Glossary of Terms, July 2020 edition.
15. See FS & JG Pocket Guide @ the Show, July 2020 edition.
1416. Scale of points to be used for judging Division I:
Class 1
Design 35
Distinction 20
Interpretation 20
Color harmony 15
Conformance 10
Total 100
Class 2
Design 35
Interpretation 20
Creativity 20
Distinction 15
Conformance 10
Total 100
Class 3
Floral design 25
Overall design 20
Conformance 15
Color & textural harmony 15
Interpretation 15
Distinction 10
Total 100
Class 4
Design 35
Distinction 20
Interpretation 20
Color harmony 15
Conformance 15
Total 100
Class Consultant & Registrar for Floral Design Division
Inquiries may be made by email at any time or by phone weekdays 9:00 am - 6:00 pm to:
Consultant - Joanne Smith joannedsmith18@gmail.com 585-233-4173
Registrar - Barbara O’Hare barbarianpress@gmail.com 585-704-9171
15DIVISION I
Floral Design
Classes
Plant materials should thrive, be non-invasive, and require little maintenance. The
design should conserve the natural features of the site to the greatest extent possible
and provide for the continued ecological health of the area. - Olmsted
Class 1 Places of Harmony
4 Entries
Create an environmentally friendly design using native plants and recyclable components in your
design. The use of oasis is not permitted. You may use frogs, cardboard, glass, or other recyclable
materials. The design should be staged against a black background. Accessories are not permitted.
Three photographs of the entry are required: one from the front, one from one side, and one show-
ing the recycled material used.
Registration Link for Class 1 Waitlist Link for Floral Design
Class 2 Tip Toe Through
the Park 4 Entries
Olmsted believed there was no room for details that were to be viewed as individual elements—
everything exists as a thread in a larger fabric.
This synergistic design should be staged against a black tri-fold presentation board (36" H x 48" W)
with a black poster board base. The floral design must fit within the tri-fold space when sides are
propped at an angle of your choice and within the height of the space. No accessories are per-
mitted.
Three photographs of the entry are required: one from the front and one from each side. Use a sep-
arate black poster board or foam core board as a background when taking the side photographs.
Statement of intent is required.
Synergistic: a contemporary design style including 3 or more containers; each unit is either a partial or complete arrangement
which, when combined with the others, makes a unified whole (p 29).
Registration Link for Class 2 Waitlist Link for Floral Design
16It is one great purpose of the park to supply to the hundreds of thousands of tired workers,
who have no opportunity to spend their summers in the country, a specimen of God’s handi-
work that shall be to them, inexpensively, what a month or two in the White Mountains or
the Adirondacks is, at great cost, to those in easier circumstance. - Olmsted
Class 3 Sunday in the Park with
Frederick 4 Entries
A functional table design for two or three people depicting an informal dining experience in the
park. The exhibition is staged on a standard card table 36" x 36" square. Design may not exceed
the table dimensions. No height restrictions. Provide your own cloth as an element of design.
Overlays and accessories are permitted. Statement of intent required.
Two photographs of your entry are required: one from the front and one from one side. Exhibit
should be placed against a neutral, solid background color of your choice. Statement of intent is
required.
Functional Table Class: a table exhibit arranged for dining, including dishes, glassware, linens, and floral design(s) with or
without other components (p 29).
Registration Link for Class 3 Waitlist Link for Floral Design
Never too much, hardly enough. - Olmsted
Class 4 Tranquility 4 Entries
A monochromatic, traditional mass design. Container may also be monochromatic or a color of
your choosing. The design should be placed in front of a black panel of exhibitor’s choosing and
photographed from three sides. Three photographs of your entry are required: one from the front,
one from one side, and the third from the back of the design. No accessories are allowed. State-
ment of intent is required.
Monochromatic: a design incorporating plant material of just one color, including the shades and tints of the hue. A small
amount of green foliage is allowed with the chosen single color; small bit of attached non-conforming floral parts are permitted (e.g.,
the yellow center of a purple aster). Unless stated in the schedule, the container, bases and/or stands do not need to be the same
color (p 20).
Traditional mass design: a profusion of flowers of various forms and sizes arranged in an oval, triangular, or fan-shaped design;
a closed silhouette having more solids than voids (p 19).
Registration Link for Class 4 Waitlist Link for Floral Design
17DIVISION II
Horticulture Guidelines
1. Please carefully read and follow the GCA Rules, General Information, and Timetable for Exhibi-
tors. This Division is open to Zone III GCA Members Only. Class 20 is open to Rochester Gar-
den Club Members only.
2. Registration and Entry Process:
Classes 1–19: Registration links at the end of each class description will be activated from
8:00 am to 12:00 pm on May 26, and entries will be accepted on a first-come, first-served
basis until the division is full. Be prepared to submit your photographs of your specimen at
that time. You will not receive an entry number for these classes. View and practice com-
pleting the Sample Horticulture Entry Form. Limited to the first forty (40) passed entries.
Class 20: The registration link may be found at the end of the class description. You will be
notified by email whether or not your registration is accepted and provided an entry num-
ber. Entry links and submission details will be included in the exhibitor’s letter.
3. Photographing your specimen:
Photograph your specimen from a distance that properly fills the frame with a little space
around the entry and with no distracting elements; use good lighting.
For Classes 1-19, Cut Specimens:
Photograph against a solid black background on a matching black surface.
Exception: in the case of a dark specimen, use a solid white background and match-
ing white surface. If using a white background try to photograph your specimen to
eliminate shadows.
Cut specimen containers should not be visible in the photograph, so exhibitor may
use any container, frog, floral pin, or wedging except boxwood. Image should
include the specimen above the container or frog/pin holder.
Three or four photographs of your entry are required: one from the front, one from
the side, and one including measurement for passing purposes. For blooms best
viewed from above, a fourth photograph may be taken from that perspective with
the specimen on a surface matching the background used.
For Class 20, Plants in the Garden: see class description for photography requirements.
184. Digital image size for all entries is 1-10 MB sRGB.
5. Photographs must be taken within two weeks of submission date. However, if early photo-
graphs of an entry are not accepted by the passing judges, the exhibitor might not be able to
rephotograph a specimen for resubmission.
6. Entries must have been owned and grown by the exhibitor for a minimum of three months,
unless otherwise stated in the schedule.
7. An exhibitor may submit one (1) entry per class but may enter more than one class. You can
submit only one entry per form.
8. If forced to withdraw from Class 20, Olmsted in Your Garden, an exhibitor must notify the
registrar and class consultant and find a substitute unless there is a waiting list for the class.
9. Entries eligible for the Clarissa Willemsen Horticulture Propagation Award and the Cath-
erine Willemsen Horticulture Propagation Award must have been in the possession of the
exhibitor for at least six months and will be identified on the entry form. Propagation dates
and methods must accompany entries eligible for the Clarissa Willemsen Horticulture
Propagation Award.
10. One key card (diagram or plant list) is required when multiple species or cultivars are ex-
hibited in the same entry and/or propagation information is applicable. Key card must be
in pencil or typed and submitted as a jpeg, jpng, or heic image with the entry.
11. All entries propagated by the exhibitor must be so identified with details of the method and
relevant date(s) of propagation on the digital entry form.
12. Mats, stands, saucers, stakes, ties, etc. are not allowed unless otherwise stated.
13. Classes may be subdivided, and entries moved and/or reclassified at the discretion of the
show committee and/or the judges. Plants trained as bonsai are not meant to be judged and
therefore not to be entered in competition.
14. The scale of points by which the classes are to be judged is listed in the FS & JG Pocket
Guide, July 2020 edition, found on the GCA website.
Class Consultant & Registrar for Horticulture Division
Inquiries may be made by email at any time or by telephone weekdays between 9:00 am
and 6:00 pm time to:
Consultant: Suzy Spencer smsoldmill@rochester.rr.com 585-442-6161
Registrar: Irmeli Ratnik iratnik@gmail.com 585-314- 3722
19DIVISION II
Horticulture Classes
Dame Nature is a gentlewoman. No guide's fee will obtain you
her favor, no abrupt demand; hardly will she bear questioning,
or direct, curious gazing at her beauty. - Olmsted
Section A. Cut Specimens
One stem, spike, or spray not to exceed 24" in length, measured from the lip of the container to
the tip of the stem. Any foliage should be attached to the stem. Limited to the first forty (40)
passed entries.
Plant materials should thrive, be noninvasive,
and require little maintenance. - Olmsted
Classes 1-8 Perennials
and Biennials
In bloom
1. Brunnera
2. Epimedium
3. Euphorbia
4. Heuchera
5. Bergenia
6. Salvia
7. Baptisia
8. Other
Registration/Entry Link for Classes 1- 8
20Gradually and silently the charm comes over us;
we know not exactly where or how. - Olmsted
Classes 9-12 Bulbs AND Corms
In bloom
9. Allium
10. Convallaria
11. Trollius
12. Other
Registration/Entry Link for Classes 9 – 12
Flowering shrubs of sweet fragrance and
balmy herbs abound in the meadows. - Olmsted
Classes 13-19 Woody Plants in
Foliage, Bloom or Berry
Our Olmsted parks feature many plants and shrubs that contribute to the picturesque aspects
of nature that he envisioned.
13. Syringa
14. Magnolia
15. Rhododendron (Rhododendron)
16. Rhododendron (Azalea)
17. Viburnum
18. Conifers
19. Other
Registration/Entry Link for Classes 13 - 19
21Section B. Plants in the Garden
Complexity of light and shadow near the eye. – Olmsted
Class 20 Olmsted in Your Garden
Open to Rochester Garden Club Members only. Photograph a group of three to five (3 - 5) plants
in your garden that reflects Olmstead’s picturesque design style. Three photographs of your entry
are required: one from the front, one from above, and one of your key card for the group, in pen-
cil or typed, and submitted as a jpeg, jpng, or heic image with the entry. Stake and ties allowed.
To be judged as horticulture.
Registration Link for Class 20 Waitlist Link for Class 20
22DIVISION III
Photography
Guidelines
1. Please carefully read and follow the GCA Rules, General Information, and the Timetable for
Exhibitors.
2. Registration instructions can be found at the end of each class description. You will be notified
by email if your registration is accepted.
3. Digital image size for all entries is 1-10 MB sRGB.
4. The file name of the original photograph required for class 8, Creative Techniques, should have
ORIGINAL added after the entry number (e.g., JonesB-III-3-4-ORIGINAL).
5. Photographs will be submitted via the link provided to the exhibitors from 8:00 am to 12:00 pm
according to the Timetable for Exhibitors submission dates
6. An exhibitor may make only one (1) entry per class but may enter more than one class. Excep-
tions may be made, if needed, to fill a class. Registration is required as noted in the Timetable
for Exhibitors.
7. If forced to withdraw, an exhibitor must notify the division chairman and/or class consultant
and find a substitute unless there is a waiting list for the class.
8. A photograph previously entered in any GCA, GCA Major, Sanctioned Non-GCA Major Flow-
er Show or a GCA Focus online contest may not be entered again even with slight alterations.
This includes photographs entered in juried shows that did not pass into the finalist stage. The
same photograph may only be entered in one show at a time.
9. Each photograph must be the work of the exhibitor under whose name it is registered. In ma-
nipulated photographs, any added imagery must be the work of the exhibitor. Non-
representational commercial overlays and textures are allowed.
10. Any editing at any stage must be the work of the exhibitor. This includes enhancement for col-
or or clarity, removal of a part of the image, combining images, or distorting the original sub-
ject.
11. Photography entries are limited to subjects consistent with The Garden Club of America inter-
ests such as horticulture, floral design, gardens/landscapes, conservation and the environment,
historic preservation, civic improvement, and the natural world. Plant material is required in
photographs unless otherwise stated in the class description. It is strongly encouraged even
where not required.
2312. A title or statement of intent may be included on the entry form, not to exceed 25 words.
13. Photographs will be passed by the photography committee to verify that class specifications
have been met. If a photograph is not passed, the exhibitor will be notified and allowed, if time
permits, to send a replacement photograph.
14. Only the photography committee may reclassify an entry, but only with the permission of the
exhibitor.
15. Only appropriate images of a child or children should be submitted to, passed, and exhibited in
the Photography Division and published in Focus. Featuring identifiable people (other than in
street scenes) in photographs is discouraged as GCA requires a release.
16. Scale of Points for judging creative techniques classes:
Creativity 30
Composition 20
Technical Skill 25
Conformance/
Interpretation 10
Distinction 15
Total 100
Scale of Points for judging all other classes:
Creativity 25
Composition 25
Technical Skill 20
Conformance/
Interpretation 20
Distinction 10
Total 100
Class Consultant & Registrars for Photography Division
Inquiries may be made by email at any time or by phone weekdays between 9:00 am and 6:00 pm
to:
Consultant Beth Hickman elizabeth.d.hickman@gmail.com 585-991-8030
Registrar - Classes 1 - 4 Linda Buttrill linda5009@aol.com 585-233-4150
Registrar - Classes 5 - 8 Laura Cann lgcycc@rit.edu 585-381-5329
24DIVISION III
Photography Classes
In 1864, the Mariposa Grove and Yosemite Valley were ceded by the U.S. federal government to
the state of California and became a state park. Olmsted spent the summer of 1865 in the valley
as a member of the Board of Commissioners of the reserve. His report to Congress laid an ethical
framework for the government to reserve public lands to protect their “value to posterity.” Yo-
semite became a national park in 1906.
In his REPORT, later published as The Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees: A Prelimi-
nary Report, 1865, Olmsted describes the elements that collectively create the beauty of the Yosem-
ite Valley. He went on to incorporate these ideas into his future designs including those for our
Rochester, New York, parks in the 1880s and 1890s. Class titles are quotations from this report.
Definitions of photography terms are found in the Flower Show and Judging Guide (Yellow Book):
Book 5: Glossary of Terms.
Class 1 This Duty of Preservation
Color 4 entries
A landscape in a Frederick Law Olmsted-designed park that demonstrates his design philosophy.
A photograph illustrating one or more features typical of Olmsted parks. Highlight elements of
either his pastoral or picturesque designs to show what you think marks the park as an Olmsted
work, worthy of preservation. Please identify the park and location on your submission form.
Landscape: A view of the scenery, of any kind. Primary subject is the scenery, and it must dominate alt-
hough the image may contain secondary elements such as people, animals, or objects. City elements pre-
dominate in cityscapes; sea predominates in seascapes (p17).
Registration Link for Class 1 Waitlist Link for Photography
25Class 2 Cliffs of Awful Height and
Rocks of Vast Magnitude
Monochrome 4 entries
A monochrome image incorporating cliffs, rocks, or other geologic features. Plant material op-
tional.
Monochrome: An image is considered to be monochrome only if it gives the impression of having no color (i.e., contains only
shades of grey which can include pure black and pure white) or it gives the impression of being a grayscale image that has been
toned in one color across the entire image (For example, Sepia, red, gold, etc.) (p20).
Registration Link for Class 2 Waitlist Link for Photography
Class 3 The Most Placid Pools and
The Most Playful Streams
Color 4 entries
An image incorporating a natural water feature.
Registration Link for Class 3 Waitlist Link for Photography
Class 4 In Its Forest Beauty
Color 4 entries
A woodland scene.
Registration Link for Class 4 Waitlist Link for Photography
26Class 5 Tender Foliage of Noble
and Lovely Trees
Color 4 entries
A close-up image of leaves.
Close-up: A photo taken close to the subject or with a long focal-length lens to permit a close and detailed view of the object. The
object fills most of the frame (p 7).
Registration Link for Class 5 Waitlist Link for Photography
Class 6 Delicate Ferns, Soft
Mosses, and the Most
Brilliant Lichens
Color 4 entries
An image showcasing non-seedbearing plants and/or lichens.
A photograph illustrating the appeal of less familiar plants. Although ferns are commonly used
in gardens and landscapes, other non-seedbearing plants and lichens have their own attractions.
Many of these organisms are extremely sensitive to air and water pollution and are used as bioin-
dicators to assess the health of an ecosystem. Take a look at these small treasures and expand
your botanical horizons!
Registration Link for Class 6 Waitlist Link for Photography
Class 7 Matters of Wonder
or Curiosity
Color 4 entries
A macro image of a flower or part of a flower.
Macro: An image in which the subject is greater than life-size. The original object must be no larger than 1" x 1.5" (p 19).
Registration Link for Class 7 Waitlist Link for Photography
27Class 8 The True and Far More
Extraordinary Character
of the Scenery
Color 4 entries
A landscape using creative techniques. A jpeg, jpng, or heic photograph of the original image
must also be submitted.
Landscape: A view of the scenery, of any kind. Primary subject is the scenery, and it must dominate although the image may
contain secondary elements such as people, animals, or objects. City elements predominate in cityscapes; sea predominates in
seascapes (p 17).
Creative techniques: The use of manipulation or alteration in any stage of the photographic process to achieve an effect signifi-
cantly different from the original photograph. All representational images in a manipulated or creative technique must be the
work of the photographer. Non-representational enhancements such as the addition of purchased textures are allowed (p 9).
Registration Link for Class 8 Waitlist Link for Photography
28DIVISION IV
Botanical Arts
Guidelines
1. Please carefully read and follow the GCA Rules, General Information, and the Timetable for
Exhibitors.
2. Registration instructions can be found at the end of each class description.
3. Photographs taken of your design are submitted via the registration link provided to the ex-
hibitors from 8:00 am -12:00 pm per the Timetable for Exhibitors submission dates. Entries
are to be photographed as indicated in class description. Photograph your design from a dis-
tance that properly fills the frame with a little space around the entry and with no distracting
elements. Photograph it straight on, level with the center of the design. Photograph the de-
sign from viewing angles listed in class description. For example, three sides would require
three photos all taken from the same distance with the same lighting. Some form of measure-
ment should be included in an additional photo for passing purposes. All backgrounds are
specified in the class description.
4. Exhibitors are permitted only one exhibit in each class but may enter more than one class. All
participants must be listed on the entry card.
5. If forced to withdraw, the exhibitor must notify the division chairman and the class consult-
ant and find a substitute unless there is a waiting list for the class.
6. All plant material used must be dried - this includes flowers, foliage, seeds, pods, nuts (in or
out of shells), vegetables, twigs, vines, reeds, etc. Only plant material, mechanics, and their
surface treatments (i.e., paints, nail polishes, varnishes, waxes, etc.) are permitted. Artificial,
endangered, and locally invasive plant material may not be used.
7. Figural forms must be assembled or judiciously carved by the exhibitor. Any plant material
may be cut, incised, or shaped to enhance artistic effect.
8. Non-plant material (i.e., cardboard, metal, twine, string, cording, etc.) may be used only for
construction and must not show.
9. Each entry must be the work of the exhibitor under whose name it is registered. No more
than two exhibitors may execute a botanical arts entry unless otherwise stated in the sched-
ule. All handiwork must be executed by the exhibitor.
2910. Processed products may not be included in design (e.g., couscous, pasta, tapioca, balsa wood).
11. A sample card must accompany each entry. An untreated sample of each plant material used
in the design, correctly identified with botanical and common names, affixed to a 4" x 6",
white, unlined card. The card is to be photographed and digitally submitted with the entry.
Exhibitor may choose to include a list of any techniques and/or materials she thinks may help
the judges in their deliberations.
12. A statement of intent, either optional or required, must be submitted at the time of entry. The
statement, which is an explanation of the exhibitor’s creation, must be no more than 25 words.
13. If an exhibit has won first place or a GCA Special Award in a GCA Flower Show, GCA Major
Flower Show, or Sanctioned Non-GCA Major Flower Show it may not be entered in competi-
tion again. An exhibit, which has been previously entered and did not place first, may be en-
tered again if the piece is significantly altered.
14. All entries will be passed by the Botanical Arts Judge to verify class specifications have been
met.
15. Scale of points by which the classes are to be judged:
Design 35
Craftsmanship 30
Creativity 15
Interpretation of theme 10
Distinction 10
Total 100
Class Consultants & Registrar for Botanical Arts Division
Inquiries may be made by email at any time or by phone weekdays between 9:00 am and 6:00 pm
to:
Consultant - Class 1: Chris Latella thehemlocks160@gmail.com 585-737-7645
Consultant - Class 2: Maureen Dobies mdobies@rochester.rr.com 585-329-3914
Registrar: Nancy McAfee nancymcafee123@gmail.com 607-280-0563
30DIVISION IV
Botanical Arts Classes
BOTANICAL OTHER
Frederick Law Olmsted’s park designs took advantage of the natural landscape. He added paths, trees, tun-
nels, bridges, and lakes to create a cohesive scenic experience.
The enjoyment of scenery employs the mind
without fatigue and yet exercises it. - Olmsted
Class 1 The Genius of Place 4 Entries
Inspired by Olmsted’s design principles create a tapestry on a 5" diameter x 0.5" high cross section of a tree, supplied
by the committee and mailed upon receipt of the entrant’s registration. The tapestry is not to extend beyond the bark
edge by more than one-half inch and viewed as a landscape in 2-D format. The tapestry surface of the wood must be
entirely covered.
The design should be staged flat on a black velvet background. Four photographs of your entry are required: one
from above, one from a side of your choosing (black background required), one close up of your detailed design, and
one of the sample card. Statement of intent is optional.
Registration Link for Class 1 Waitlist Link for Botanical Arts
BOTANICAL JEWELRY
Olmsted used the style of the beautiful – or as he called it, the pastoral – to create a sense of nature’s peace-
fulness to sooth and restore the spirit.
Class 2 Green, Dripping,
Glistening, Gorgeous 4 Entries
Create a necklace, inspired by Olmsted’s concept of pastoral design. Entry will be displayed on a 15” high black vel-
vet bust form (Darice® necklace stand available at Michael’s). Three photographs of your entry are required: one
from the front, one including clasp, one from the side (black background required) and one of the sample card. State-
ment of intent is required.
Registration Link for Class 2 Waitlist Link for Botanical Arts
31DIVISION V
Education Exhibit
Green Space Matters
For Frederick Law Olmsted there was a direct link between public green space and public health
and well-being. Green Space Matters will showcase how Frederick Law Olmsted’s path to be-
coming the father of American landscape architecture first took him in many directions.
His years as a scientific farmer, author and journalist, abolitionist, social reformer, visionary, and
early environmentalist led him to become the creator of the green spaces we celebrate today.
Educational Component
Winding paths that reward the viewer with natural scenic vistas at every turn are a signature of
the landscapes designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. Our GCA Flower Show Honoring Olmsted,
mirrors a stroll through one of these landscapes and beckons the exploration of the Olmsted lega-
cy through the unique language of a Flower Show.
Each division of our schedule highlights Olmsted’s thoughts and beliefs through the pathways
of his own words. Exhibitors of Floral Designs include in their work the “genius of place,” the
importance of native plant material, subordinating individual elements for the whole and the so-
cial importance of parks and open spaces.
Horticulture specimens represent those plants that were used in Olmsted’s parks and in keeping
with his concepts, it also asks the reader and exhibitor to more fully understand Olmsted’s
“picturesque” design style.
Photography entries explore Olmsted’s experience in the western landscape and include a focus
on non-seed bearing plants like ferns, soft mosses and lichens.
The Botanical Arts draw on the scenic experience and serenity of Olmsted’s “pastoral” design
concept and finally, our Education video ties together the many pathways of Olmsted’s early ex-
periences which led to his becoming the father of American landscape architecture.
32Garden Club of America
Flower Show Awards
GCA Flower Show Awards described below have been applied for and will be presented if merited.
Division I - Floral Design
Best in Show Floral Design is selected from first place winners in the division.
The Dorothy Vietor Munger Award may be awarded to members of The Garden Club of Ameri-
ca clubs in competitive Floral Design classes at a GCA Flower Show. It is offered in recognition
of creative work of outstanding beauty using predominantly fresh plant material. The design
must have placed first, second, or third. Challenge class entries are not eligible. The award is not
a substitute for Best in Show and will be given at the discretion of the judges.
The Harriet DeWaele Puckett Creativity Award may be awarded to members of GCA clubs or
non-members in recognition of a uniquely skillful and creative response to an imaginative sched-
ule in Floral Design. It will be given for an innovative and interpretive entry, which, although it
abides by the principles of good design, goes beyond traditional period arrangement to whatever
art form the exhibitor(s) chooses. The design must have placed first, second, or third in the Floral
Design Division of a GCA Flower Show. An entry in any challenge class is not eligible to receive
this award. The award is not a substitute for Best in Show and will be given at the discretion of
the judges.
The Sandra Baylor Novice Floral Design Award may be given at a GCA Flower Show to an ex-
hibitor who is a member of a GCA club and who has never won first place, or a GCA Special
Award in the Floral Design Division of a GCA Flower Show, GCA Major Flower Show or Sanc-
tioned Non-GCA Major Flower Show. It shall be awarded to an individual novice exhibitor for a
unique and skillful response to the schedule. Novice entries placing first, second, or third in any
competitive class, including challenge classes, are eligible for this award.
33Division II - Horticulture
Best in Show Horticulture is selected from first place winners in the division.
The Catherine Beattie Medal may be awarded for a horticulture entry distinguished by its vi-
brancy, prime condition, and perfection of grooming. The exhibitor must have owned and
grown the exhibit for at least six months. The medal may be awarded for a single plant, collec-
tion of plants, container garden, or cut specimen, but only if there is an exhibit worthy of the
honor. It may be awarded to members of GCA clubs only; individual, joint, and club entries are
eligible. The award should not be considered as a substitute for Best in Show. The medal may
not be awarded to the same exhibit more than once; however, offspring of a Beattie winner are
eligible to receive the award.
The GCA Novice Award in Horticulture may be awarded for an outstanding exhibit to a mem-
ber of a GCA club who has never won first place or a GCA Special Award in the horticulture
division in a GCA Flower Show, GCA Major Flower Show or Sanctioned non-GCA Major Flow-
er Show. Novice entries placing first, second, or third are eligible for this award.
The Clarissa Willemsen Horticulture Propagation Award may be awarded for a horticulture
entry distinguished by its prime condition, flawless grooming, and difficulty of propagation.
The entry must have been propagated and grown by the exhibitor for at least six months. This
award may be given for a single rooted plant or a collection of rooted plants. The dates and
method of propagation must be recorded on an accompanying propagation card. The entry
must have placed first, second, or third at a GCA Flower Show. The award may not be given to
the same exhibit more than once.
The Rosie Jones Horticulture Award may be presented to a horticulture entry of exceptional
visual appeal that reflects the spirit of growing with joy and enthusiasm and inspires others to
propagate, grow, show, and share horticulture. An exhibit that has been propagated by the ex-
hibitor will be given special consideration, but propagation is not a requirement. Perfection,
while always desirable, is not a primary criterion. This award celebrates the ineffable joy inher-
ent in the beauty and pursuit of horticulture.
34Division III - Photography
Best in Show Photography is selected from first place winners in the division.
The GCA Novice Award in Photography may be awarded for an outstanding exhibit to a member
of a GCA club who has never won first place or a GCA Special Award in the photography division
in a GCA Flower Show, GCA Major Flower Show or Sanctioned non-GCA Major Flower Show.
Novice entries placing first, second, or third are eligible for this award.
The Photography Creativity Award may be awarded at a GCA Flower Show to a member of a
GCA club in recognition of creative and technical excellence in response to the theme of the sched-
ule. The entry must have placed first, second, or third.
Division IV - Botanical Arts
Best in Show Botanical Arts is selected from first place winners in the division.
The GCA Novice Award in Botanical Arts may be awarded for an outstanding exhibit to a mem-
ber of a GCA club who has never won first place or a GCA Special Award in the botanical arts di-
vision in a GCA Flower Show, GCA Major Flower Show or Sanctioned non-GCA Major Flower
Show. Novice entries placing first, second, or third are eligible for this award.
The Botanical Arts Creativity Award may be awarded at a GCA Flower Show to a member of a
GCA club for excellent craftsmanship and creative response to the theme of the schedule. The en-
try must have placed first, second, or third.
35Division V - Education
The Ann Lyon Crammond Award may be presented at a GCA Flower Show to an outstanding
educational exhibit, which best educates the public about gardens. Any educational exhibit,
which increases the appreciation of any aspect of plants, gardens, or landscape design, may be
considered for this award. The award may be given to GCA club members, member clubs, non
-members, or other organizations.
Overall
Education Award
The education award may be presented to an entry, a class, a division, or an entire show for
exceptional merit which educates the public in keeping with the purpose statement of the
GCA. This award may be given to GCA clubs and GCA club members.
Judges’ Commendation(s) may be given to an entry, class, section, special exhibit, or other as-
pect of the show that is of exceptional merit.
Award of Appreciation may be given to thank an exhibitor or group for participation. The
award may also be given to non-judged classes.
36Rochester Garden Club
Flower Show Awards
The Ellie Lawton Horticultural Novice Award may be awarded to the Rochester Garden Club
exhibitor for the most unique horticultural entry. It will be awarded to an exhibitor who has
never won a first in the Horticultural Division of a flower show.
The Rochester Garden Club Flower Arrangement Novice Award may be presented to a RGC
novice exhibitor for the best creation in Floral Design. A novice is one who has never won a
first in the Flower Arrangement Division of a flower show.
The Penny Horne Innovative Floral Design Award may be presented to a RGC exhibitor for
an extraordinary arrangement that evokes great joy in the viewer.
After midsummer a light, transparent haze generally pervades the atmosphere,
giving indescribable softness and exquisite dreamy charm to the scenery.
- Olmsted
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