Frequently Asked Questions: Studland Bay MCZ - Gov.uk
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Last Updated: 21 April 2021
Frequently
Asked
Questions:
Studland
Bay MCZ
1Last Updated: 21 April 2021
Contents
1. Purpose .................................................................................................................... 2
2. Background ............................................................................................................. 3
3. MMO Jurisdiction.................................................................................................... 3
4. Site designation and designated features .......................................................... 4
5. Evidence................................................................................................................... 6
6. Call for Evidence................................................................................................... 10
7. Safety ...................................................................................................................... 11
8. Anchoring Management Measures .................................................................... 12
9. Enforcement .......................................................................................................... 13
10. Monitoring........................................................................................................... 14
11. Moorings and marine licensing....................................................................... 16
12. Mooring Strategy ............................................................................................... 17
13. Education............................................................................................................ 17
14. Socio-economic impacts.................................................................................. 18
15. Other marine non-licensable activities .......................................................... 19
1. Purpose
Due to the high volume of correspondence being received regarding Studland Bay
Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ) anchoring management measures, the Marine
Management Organisation (MMO) are maintaining a summary of frequently asked
questions (FAQs) to answer common queries.
Further information detailing the findings of the MMO’s draft marine non-licensable
activity assessment for Studland Bay MCZ, and the decision document following the
call for evidence is available here. The decision document provides further detail on
answers to common questions. The decision document also summarised the
intended approach for the management of marine non-licensable activities within the
MMO’s jurisdiction in Studland Bay MCZ. These decisions were based on the draft
assessment and findings from the call for evidence that the MMO ran from October
to December 2020. This enabled stakeholders to share information and views on
activities, features and potential management approaches. The exact management
approach to be taken is still under consideration. The MMO will be communicating
next steps and how you can share your views in due course.
If you feel your question is not addressed in this document, you can email the
MMO’s Marine Conservation Team at conservation@marinemanagement.org.uk .
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2. Background
2.1 Why is the MMO only starting to act now/why are you running another
consultation when what we need is action?
Studland Bay MCZ was designated in May 2019 and the MMO have been working
hard to understand the levels of the different activities taking place, and the
conservation status of its protected species and habitats.
The MMO have now compiled a detailed assessment of the impacts of relevant
activities which was subject to public consultation as part of our call for evidence.
This draft assessment can be viewed online.
The MMO have received a large amount of public interest in possible management
of activities in Studland Bay MCZ. In March 2021, the MMO held two engagement
events to enable stakeholders to provide feedback on proposed options. Feedback
received was extremely valuable and is being considered by the MMO in deciding
the management approach.
2.2 Aren’t there already existing no anchor zones and speed restrictions in
Studland Bay?
There are currently no MMO management measures in Studland Bay MCZ that
manage or restrict anchoring activity.
A voluntary no anchor zone was implemented in Studland Bay from 2009-2013 as
part of a project run by Natural England and The Crown Estate. Seastar Survey were
contracted to produce a report on this project (Axelsson et al., 2012). This voluntary
no anchor zone was removed when the study ended.
Dorset Council manage impacts on water safety in the area and there is a water
safety byelaw in place which restricts the speed of vessels in a designated area. This
is usually marked using marker buoys.
3. MMO Jurisdiction
3.1 Under what legislation does the MMO have the powers to manage marine
non-licensable activities?
Under Section 129 of the Marine and Coastal Access Act, 2009 the MMO may make
byelaws for the purpose of furthering the conservation objectives stated for a marine
conservation zone (MCZ) in England. The provision that may be made by a byelaw
under this section includes, in particular, provision –
(a) prohibiting or restricting entry into, or any movement or other activity within, the
MCZ by persons or animals;
(b) prohibiting or restricting entry into, or any movement or other activity within, the
MCZ by vessels or (where appropriate) vehicles;
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(c) restricting the speed at which any vessel may move in the MCZ or in any
specified area outside the MCZ where that movement might hinder the conservation
objectives stated for the MCZ;
(d) prohibiting or restricting the anchoring of any vessel within the MCZ;
(e) prohibiting or restricting the killing, taking, destruction, molestation or disturbance
of animals or plants of any description in the MCZ;
(f) prohibiting or restricting the doing of anything in the MCZ which would interfere
with the seabed or damage or disturb any object in the MCZ.
4. Site designation and designated features
4.1 I was opposed to the Studland Bay Marine Conservation Zone designation
so do not agree that management measures should be implemented. Can I
formally oppose the designation?
Studland Bay MCZ was legally designated on 31 May 2019 by the Department for
Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra). Information can be found in the
Studland Bay Marine Conservation Zone Designation Order 2019. Defra are no
longer consulting on this matter.
4.2 Recreational and non-licensable marine activities were not considered in
the consultation and designation of this site.
The potential socio-economic impacts associated with any management measures
for Studland Bay were considered during the designation process. In designating
Studland Bay as a Marine Conservation Zone, the Secretary of State decided the
environmental case for designation outweighed these potential impacts. Impacts to
recreational activities (specifically anchoring/mooring) are listed in the consultation
document.
4.3 Has Studland Bay become a high protected marine area (HPMA)?
No, Studland Bay MCZ is not a highly protected marine area.
4.4 What are conservation objectives?
Conservation objectives are set by Natural England (sites inshore of 12 nautical
miles) or JNCC (sites offshore of 12 nautical miles) to describe the target condition
for each marine protected area.
For a marine conservation zone (like Studland Bay MCZ), the conservation
objectives are that the protected features:
1. are maintained in favourable condition if they are already in favourable condition.
2. be brought into favourable condition if they are not already in favourable condition.
‘Favourable condition’ means that for each protected feature within the site:
• extent is stable or increasing
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• its structures and functions, its quality, and the composition of its
characteristic biological communities (including the diversity and abundance
of species forming part or inhabiting the habitat) are sufficient to ensure that
it remains healthy and does not deteriorate
4.5 What does ‘recover’ mean in the conservation objectives? How can we
‘recover’ to an unknown past extent if there is no data?
Natural England is the MMO’s statutory nature conservation body advisor for sites
inshore of 12 nautical miles. Natural England set the conservation objectives of the
site including if the designated features have a ‘maintain’ or ‘recover’ objective.
For Studland Bay MCZ the designated features have a mixture of maintain and
recover targets. Further detail on targets can be found in Table 11, page 33 of the
draft assessment.
Recovery is defined in terms of attributes including extent, spatial distribution,
component species, the extent and structure of rhizome mats, as well as leaf/shoot
density, length and percentage cover. The MMO has a statutory responsibility to take
actions in accordance with this recover objective.
4.6 Why is seagrass important?
Seagrass is extremely important for providing several ecosystem services. For
example, it provides habitat for commercially important fish and endangered species,
it helps stabilise sediment as a buffer to coastal erosion, it is important in nutrient
cycling and it stores atmospheric carbon which helps to mitigate climate change
impacts.
4.7 Why is subtidal sand important?
Where conditions allow, subtidal sand supports seagrass beds, so it is important to
protect it for this reason. The sand feature also supports species such as undulate
rays, pipefish, wrasse and juvenile commercially important fish.
4.8 Why is intertidal coarse sediment important?
This sediment is ecologically important, supporting a wide variety of species such as
algae, crabs, lobsters, worms and seastars.
4.9 Are seahorses already protected?
The two species of UK seahorse, Hippocampus hippocampus and Hippocampus
guttulatus (commonly known as short-snouted and long-snouted or spiny seahorses)
are both protected everywhere in English waters from 0 to 12 nautical miles under
the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. This includes disturbing, injuring or killing
them. Their place of shelter or protection, such as seagrass, is also protected from
5Last Updated: 21 April 2021
damage or obstruction.
The designation of long-snouted/spiny seahorses as a feature of the Studland Bay
MCZ provides an additional layer of protection to this important species by requiring
public authorities to ensure that the activities that they regulate are managed to
support seahorses to be in favourable condition at this site.
5. Evidence
5.1 There is insufficient evidence for the impacts of anchoring, mooring,
sailing/powerboating with an engine, sailing without an engine and/or diving
and snorkelling in Studland Bay.
Natural England is the MMO’s statutory advisor and provider of conservation advice
for marine protected areas in England between 0 and 12 nautical miles. Natural
England’s conservation advice and scientific literature demonstrates that these
activities may have a significant impact on the features of the site.
It is the statutory responsibility of the MMO to investigate the need for management
measures where conservation objectives of a marine conservation zone may be
hindered by an activity. Therefore, these activities were taken forward for further
assessment by the MMO. Natural England and the MMO used the best available
evidence, including a range of peer reviewed scientific literature to support the
assessment and subsequent decision making. The draft MMO assessment can be
viewed online.
For anchoring, the MMO has determined that management measures are required to
avoid negative impacts on the site. A monitoring and control plan alone for this
activity is not sufficient to further the site’s conservation objectives. Appropriate
management measures will be decided through engagement and consultation.
For mooring, powerboating, sailing, diving and snorkelling, no further restrictions will
be implemented at this stage. These activities will be monitored to identify any
changes in activity levels which may lead to reassessment of the site and future
management if required.
5.2 Aerial imagery demonstrates the expansion of seagrass over time in
Studland Bay, demonstrating that anchoring and/or mooring is not having an
impact. Considering this, how can proposed measures be justified?
Published scientific journal articles reference reports dating from the 1930’s which
document a Zostera bed decline along the Atlantic coast of North America and
Europe by 90-99% due to the wasting disease now known as ‘Labyrinthula zosterae’
(Muehlstein, 1989). The extent of seagrass in Studland Bay may have increased
since this time, however, pressures such as those from anchoring may be impacting
seagrass health in different ways. Seagrass extent is not the only factor to consider
in the health of seagrass beds. Factors include but are not limited to the overall
seagrass biomass (influenced by leaf length and shoot density), and rhizome mats.
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These factors are important for overall seagrass meadow health and resilience to
natural and human activity. Disturbance to seagrass beds can cause habitat
fragmentation, this is defined as the emergence of discontinuities in a habitat patch
(Jackson et al., 2013). Natural England conservation advice highlights that pressures
from activities such as anchoring, are contributing to seagrass fragmentation.
Aerial imagery can be indicative of seagrass extent but does not reliably represent
seagrass fragmentation/recovery and the health of seagrass and should not be used
in isolation to assess seagrass extent. Aerial photographs must be accompanied by
ground truthing, for example, dark patches may not be seagrass and could instead
be decaying drift algae washed in on the tide or attached macroalgae. Video drop
and side scan sonar methods provide a greater certainty compared to aerial
photographs.
5.3 I do not agree with the Natural England advice and evidence sources used
in the assessment to evidence impact of activities and justify man agement
measures. There is contradictory evidence. How will this be taken into
account?
Decisions have not yet been made on management measures for this site. Any
management will be introduced with appropriate levels of consultation.
Natural England is the MMO’s statutory advisor and provider of conservation advice
for marine protected areas between 0 and 12 nautical miles in England. The
conservation advice is informed by extensive literature reviews to summarise
available scientific knowledge and thus understand potential pressures impacting
species and habitats. Some responses in the call for evidence have commented on
the validity of the conservation advice used in the draft assessment (available
online). The conservation advice and associated evidence is considered by the MMO
to be sufficiently robust for informing the assessment of the site and subsequent
management decisions. The MMO is aware that evidence gaps exist, however, the
MMO must use the best available evidence to fulfil our statutory duty under the
Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 to assess the site and exercise relevant
powers to best further the conservation objectives of the site where needed. The
MMO must be precautionary and cannot delay putting management in place where
required due to lack of evidence or scientific certainty if there is a risk that a site’s
conservation objectives are being hindered by human activities. The assessment of
the site and any management measures will be routinely reviewed in order to assess
the suitability of any measures for meeting the conservation objectives of the site.
Natural England recently ran a consultation on their conservation advice package for
Studland Bay MCZ and have responded to representations made on this
conservation advice. Any changes to conservation advice will be communicated to
the MMO and changes will be made to the assessment if required.
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5.4 Strong easterly winds cause seagrass to wash up on the beach in
Studland Bay. This is what causes damage to the seagrass, not anchoring or
mooring. Considering this, how can proposed measures be justified?
Storm events and strong winds cause high energy conditions which may negatively
impact seagrass. This is why seagrass is only found in sheltered bays, such as
Studland Bay. Strong easterly winds in Studland Bay can therefore cause the
uprooting of seagrass and this subsequently washes ashore. However, this is a
natural event which occurs irregularly. Seagrass is resilient to this event and is able
to recover from damage if the events are not too regular and other pressures are
minimal. Further negative impacts in addition to storm events, such as those caused
by marine non-licensable activities, could reduce the resilience of seagrass.
5.5 Seagrass in Studland Bay is able to recover from anchoring events.
Considering this, how can proposed measures be justified?
Natural England has advised that due to the high levels of anchoring in the site, the
recovery of seagrass is low. Natural England has classified seagrass as having a
medium sensitivity to abrasion, high sensitivity to penetration and high sensitivity to
physical changes, which are all pressures caused by anchoring. This is supported by
information on sensitivity regarding resilience and recovery of seagrass provided by
the Marine Life Information Network. The conservation objective for seagrass beds in
Studland Bay MCZ is to recover seagrass beds within the site as it is determined to
be in unfavourable condition. Recovery is defined in terms of attributes including
extent, spatial distribution, component species, the extent and structure of rhizome
mats, as well as leaf/shoot density, length and percentage cover. The MMO has a
statutory responsibility to take actions in accordance with this recover objective.
5.6 The mapping of the seagrass is inaccurate. How can we be sure that the
zones are based on accurate and up to date spatial information?
With regards to the accuracy of the MMO maps showing the habits in the site, the
data used to produce our feature maps is updated regularly. The map in the MMO
draft assessment uses the best available data to show the locations of the site’s
features.
Methods used include side scan sonar, which provides an accurate representation of
the location of seagrass beds. This has been used to show the established beds on
the MMO feature map. Natural England work with partners to collect this and use
sufficiently robust data collection techniques. Natural England have monitoring
processes in place and the MMO use the most up to date data provided from this.
5.7 Anchoring benefits seagrass in Studland Bay. Considering this, how can
proposed measures be justified?
The MMO is currently not aware of any evidence that anchoring benefits seagrass,
either by pruning the seagrass or moving the seagrass elsewhere so it can spread
easily. The MMO is not aware of any peer-reviewed evidence for seagrass shoot
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reattaching. Rhizome growth is the process that regulates the rate of formation and
the spatial distribution of components within seagrass meadows, and, thus, it
constrains the development of their populations. Zostera marina does not have
vertical rhizomes so can’t reattach once removed from the substrate and is likely to
decay. Despite the fact that Zostera marina can produce large numbers of seeds
each season, seed dispersal and survival is unpredictable due to stochastic events
and seedling mortality is high. The formation of new patches outside existing beds by
sexual propagules or drifting rhizome fragments is a rare event. In order to be
successful and survive, these fragments would have to not be damaged and be
transported via specific currents, which allow them to settle in a location suitable for
germination and growth.
5.8 Mooring might benefit seagrass and seahorses in Studland Bay.
Considering this, how can proposed measures be justified?
The MMO is currently unaware of evidence that mooring benefits seagrass. As
described in the MMO’s draft Studland Bay MCZ marine non-licensable activity
assessment (available online), there are significant peer-reviewed studies that
demonstrate the damage and disturbance caused to seagrass and seahorse
populations caused by mooring activities.
5.9 Modelling in the draft assessment is based on Mediterranean seagrass not
eelgrass which is found in Studland Bay. Therefore, conclusions are not
backed up by sufficient evidence.
The conservation advice provided by Natural England is based on Zostera marina,
the species which is found in Studland Bay. References to studies on other species
may be made in the draft assessment (available online) where appropriate or where
information regarding Zostera marina is lacking.
5.10 How can the use of the precautionary principle be justified? Just because
something might happen, and it might cause harm is no reason in itself to
prevent it.
The precautionary principle requires that the MMO does not postpone or delay the
assessment due to lack of evidence or scientific certainty and the MMO must fulfil its
statutory duty under the Marine and Coastal Access Act to assess the site and
where needed exercise relevant powers to further the conservation objectives of the
site.
The MMO complete assessments to ensure the fullest possible scientific evaluation
of the potential impacts of marine non-licensable or fishing activities on the
designated features of marine protected areas.
The MMO will use the best available evidence and apply precautionary approaches
when needed.
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5.11 Activity levels in Studland Bay were not normal in 2020 due to COVID-19
so data from last year is insufficient to base management decisions on.
The MMO acknowledges that restrictions in place during 2020 due to COVID-19 may
have caused activity levels to vary in comparison to previous years. The draft
assessment (available online) considers data over the most recent five years to
ensure that a long-term assessment of activity informs decisions and takes into
account anomalous years.
5.12 There are impacts related to pollution in Studland Bay, why they haven’t
been considered for management?
Natural England conservation advice packages take into consideration several
activities that place pressures upon sensitive habitat features. As shown in
information provided about UK marine works controls on GOV.UK, the MMO is
responsible for managing the impacts of activities from 0 to 200 nautical miles.
Activities on the land, including those which may cause pollution, do not lie within the
jurisdiction of the MMO to manage. The MMO will make sure to communicate any
information about terrestrially derived pollution in Studland Bay MCZ to Natural
England who have a terrestrial remit.
Pollution from marine and land activities, such as discharges from boats or livestock
effluent respectively, is an impact which is monitored by Natural England by
assessing nutrient levels within the MCZ. The overall risk of eutrophication for
Studland Bay has been assessed as ‘low’, although nitrogen may be impacting the
site at some level, ongoing monitoring is required. The MMO review and update
MPA assessments using Natural England Supplementary Advice on Conservation
Objectives to determine if new marine activities for which we have jurisdiction are
impacting a site, and if management may be required.
6. Call for Evidence
6.1 How will the evidence I submitted in the Studland Bay call for evidence be
used?
The MMO would like to thank everyone who submitted evidence as part of the call
for evidence in 2020. All information received was reviewed by the MMO. Where
appropriate, and subject to the MMO’s quality assurance process, information was
used to update the draft assessment for the site. This updated draft assessment was
published in February 2021 and can be viewed online.
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6.2 There was not appropriate advertisement or response time for the
Studland Bay call for evidence.
The call for evidence was an informal stage of consultation which the MMO carried
out by choice to seek evidence and views from stakeholders. The call for evidence
was open from 28 October to 15 December, allowing stakeholders seven weeks to
respond. The call for evidence was emailed directly to stakeholders the MMO held
contact details for, and we made requests to local groups to share the details.
Details were also communicated on the MMO website and via social media.
Appropriate levels of consultation engagement will take place if management
measures are decided appropriate. All stakeholders who responded to the call for
evidence will be notified about this.
7. Safety
7.1 How will you define an emergency situation?
The MMO is aware that emergency situations need to be defined. The MMO will
work with users of Studland Bay to define this. The MMO expect people to respect
management measures but safety of life at sea will always come first.
7.2 Prohibiting anchoring and/or mooring in Studland Bay will cause safety
problems due to its importance as a safe place for vessels to stop.
Decisions have not yet been made on management measures for anchoring or
mooring at this site. Safety of life at sea will always come first, and, regardless of
restrictions in place, the MMO will not prosecute anyone taking legitimate action in
the case of a genuine emergency. The right to anchor within any marine
conservation zone under emergency conditions will continue to be provided for within
the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 (section 86). The MMO will engage with
stakeholders to inform the development of management measures which minimise
any safety risks. Any restrictions will allow sufficient space with no restrictions where
people can safely anchor in an emergency situation or to avoid an emergency
situation.
7.3 There are safety issues in Studland Bay caused by powerboats and/ or
high-speed personal water craft (jet-skis). Will MMO management cover this?
Dorset Council manage impacts on water safety in the area. There is a water safety
byelaw in place which restricts the speed of vessels in a designated area. The MMO
is working with Dorset Council to ensure that management of different aspects of
activities in Studland Bay MCZ is effective.
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8. Anchoring Management Measures
8.1 In the draft anchor management zones proposed at stakeholder meetings
in March 2021, an area of the shoreline without seagrass was included in the
proposed no anchor zones, why is this?
The MMO’s duty is to further the conservation objectives of Studland Bay MCZ, and
these objectives are the primary driver behind the boundaries of the draft anchoring
management areas shared. The MMO wanted these engagement events in March
2021 to be an opportunity to gather feedback from the different stakeholder groups
and use this to develop an approach that ensures the necessary level of
environmental protection while minimising impacts on people’s use of the sea.
During the engagement events, feedback was received that the shoreline area on
South Beach was frequently used to access shore facilities, and with no seagrass in
this area, it should not be included in the no anchor zone. As a result, the MMO are
reviewing the draft anchoring management areas and considering this feedback.
8.2 There’s not enough time for you to implement a measure in time for
summer this year, how will you do this?
The MMO have been engaging with stakeholders since October 2020 and refining
the management approach in response to feedback received.
The timeline will depend on what kind of measure is taken forward.
• Emergency byelaw
An emergency byelaw may be introduced. Where the MMO thinks that there is an
urgent need to protect an MCZ, an emergency byelaw may be made that has
effect without being confirmed by the Secretary of State. The emergency byelaw
comes into force on a date specified in the byelaw and remains in force for up to
12 months, unless revoked by the Secretary of State. The MMO must publish
notice of making the emergency byelaw. Emergency byelaw powers come from
section 131 of the Marine and Coastal Access 2009.
• Standard byelaw
If the MMO implement a standard byelaw, the MMO would typically have an 8-
week consultation period. The MMO normally have an education period when
new measures are brought in to allow people to understand them before any
compliance or enforcement action is taken.
• Voluntary measure
If the MMO decide on a voluntary measure, there is no defined consultation
period in legislation, but we understand that the MMO would need to engage with
the public to ensure that any measure put in place will be effective.
The MMO are currently considering the different approaches for this year and won’t
lose sight of the overall objective of furthering the conservation objectives of the site,
whilst minimising impacts to stakeholders where possible.
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8.3 How will any anchor management zones be marked?
Marker buoys may be deployed to delineate any no anchor zones implemented. The
MMO will also notify relevant organisations regarding updates to navigational charts.
8.4 Will the MMO also be planting seagrass to expand the habitat?
No, the MMO will not be planting seagrass to expand the habitat. The level of activity
within Studland Bay MCZ is exerting pressure on the existing seagrass beds.
Planting further seagrass areas will not address the current pressures on the existing
seagrass feature.
8.5 Why aren’t no anchor zones being implemented across the entire Marine
Conservation Zone?
The proposed draft anchoring management options are based on the areas of the
MCZ in which the designated features sensitive to anchoring pressures are found.
This largely covers the seagrass beds where seahorses also reside. Natural
England, as the statutory advisor to the MMO, have advised that the proposed
options will ensure that conservation objectives are not hindered.
8.6 When will a decision be reached on what anchoring management
measure will be introduced, and how can I share my views on any proposals?
The MMO cannot currently confirm a date by which a decision will be made.
Stakeholders will be contacted with an update when appropriate.
9. Enforcement
9.1 How will any management measures in Studland Bay be enforced?
The MMO’s compliance activities at this site will, if required, take place as part of the
MMO Compliance and Enforcement Strategy, which takes a risk based and
intelligence led approach.
9.2 Will you be looking for members of the public to submit intelligence of
those who are not complying with a statutory management measure?
The MMO would never direct non-MMO staff to gather evidence relating to non-
compliance on the MMO’s behalf. If you wish to send us information which you think
is useful, you are of course free to continue do so.
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9.3 What will the penalties be for non -compliance with management measures
in Studland Bay?
In line with the MMO Compliance and Enforcement Strategy, the MMO will take a
proportionate approach to non-compliance. The MMO has a range of enforcement
options, which can range from verbal and written warnings to Financial
Administrative Penalties and criminal prosecution.
9.4 What presence will MMO have when any anchoring management
measures go in?
The MMO recognise the need for a presence to help share information about any
management measures, answer questions and support users of Studland Bay to
comply with the measures.
The level of MMO presence will be decided and organised in due course.
10. Monitoring
10.1 What would a monitoring and control plan for Studland Bay look like in
practice?
Monitoring and control plans will be produced by the MMO once a decision has been
made on the appropriate measures for each activity. Please see Figure 13 (page 93)
in the draft Studland Bay MCZ non-licensable activity assessment for an overview of
this process. This draft assessment can be viewed online.
10.2 If the MMO use Automatic Identification System (AIS) data to monitor
activity in Studland Bay, this will result in people switching it off which will be a
safety concern.
The MMO is aware of the implications of monitoring and management measures put
in place. The MMO will not implement measures which will cause the safety of
people to be put at risk. AIS data has only been used in the draft assessment
(available online) to indicate where recreational boating takes place within Studland
Bay MCZ.
10.3 Management measures in Studland Bay will cause displacement of
anchoring to other areas. How is the MMO considering this?
Displacement within Studland Bay MCZ
Monitoring will determine if any displacement is occurring within Studland Bay MCZ
and whether any change to measures or additional management is required due to
impacts on designated features.
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Displacement of anchoring activities to other areas of seagrass within the MCZ is
being considered in the development of the management options. For example, in
decisions on the size and location of potential no anchor zones.
Displacement of anchoring activities to areas of subtidal sand within the MCZ is
being considered, however, areas of subtidal sand with no seagrass are not
sensitive to the pressures caused by anchoring.
Any no anchor zone implemented would not restrict the use of existing moorings
within the no anchor zone. Please note, all mooring installations (and maintenance of
existing moorings) are subject to acquiring a marine licence from the MMO.
Displacement outside Studland Bay MCZ
The potential impact of displacement to areas outside of Studland Bay MCZ does not
remove the requirement to ensure that marine non-licensable activities are managed
to further the conservation objectives of Studland Bay MCZ.
Activity levels within other designated marine protected areas will be monitored as
part of their site-specific assessments.
10.4 Can I run my boat aground on the beach/slipway without the use of an
anchor?
The MMO are not currently proposing management measures for launching and
recovery activities on the beach and/or slip ways.
10.5 Will you monitor, and how will you control damage to the seagrass from
trampling on the shoreline?
The MMO will monitor activity levels for marine non-licensable activities throughout
the MCZ. Beach recreation activities are also within the jurisdiction of the Local
Authority and/or landowner. The MMO do not usually manage beach recreation
activities to avoid dual regulation. However, the MMO will look to work with other
regulators where activities are occurring and identified to be having an impact in
areas of regulatory overlap.
Between 0 and 12 nautical miles, Natural England work with partners to carry out
monitoring and assess the condition of features such as seagrass beds. Monitoring
of sensitive features like seagrass occurs more regularly than other features
because of the potential change of seagrass health over time. The MMO will use this
monitoring data to inform management decisions.
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11. Moorings and marine licensing
11.1 What are marine non-licensable activities?
Marine non-licensable activities are those that do not require a marine licence under
section 66 of the Marine and Coastal Access Act. The MMO is responsible for the
management of marine non-licensable activities other than fishing which take place
within its jurisdiction (0-12 nautical miles). Marine non-licensable activities include
sailing, powerboating and diving. More information can be found on the MMO’s
website.
11.2 What is the licensing process for installing moorings?
The installation, maintenance and/or removal of moorings is a licensable activity
under Part 4 of the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009. This includes temporary
seasonal moorings and permanent moorings. Please see our pages ‘Do I need a
marine licence’ for further information. The determination of a marine licence
application can involve a thorough assessment when applications are within a
marine protected area, such as Studland Bay MCZ.
11.3 Do I need a marine licence for maintaining an existing mooring?
The maintenance of moorings is a licensable activity under Part 4 of the Marine and
Coastal Access Act 2009. It is possible that certain maintenance activities can be
licensed though a self-service licence. Please see our pages ‘Do I need a marine
licence’ for further information.
11.4 Will the MMO be removing existing moorings in Studland Bay? Will there
be compensation for owners of exiting moorings who can no longer use them?
The MMO is not currently planning the removal of existing moorings from Studland
Bay or to manage the use of existing moorings.
11.5 What is an advanced mooring system (AMS)?
Advanced mooring systems (also known as eco-moorings, or eco-friendly moorings)
avoid the placement of large mooring blocks on the seabed and chain abrasion
through the use of alternative mooring systems. There are different fixing methods
available as well as the use of floats or elastic lines to avoid chain abrasion. Please
see further information on the RYA website.
11.6 Will the MMO be installing moorings or advanced mooring systems in
Studland Bay MCZ to alleviate the pressures from anchoring?
The MMO is not planning to install moorings or advanced mooring systems within
Studland Bay MCZ. However, the MMO is interested in working with stakeholders to
16Last Updated: 21 April 2021
facilitate the introduction of advanced mooring systems where this is compatible with
the site’s conservation objectives and other marine licensing considerations.
11.7 Will the MMO be paying for and installing moorings/advanced mooring
systems (AMS) to alleviate the pressures from anchoring?
The MMO is not planning to install moorings or advanced mooring systems within
Studland Bay MCZ.
The MMO is however, interested in working with stakeholders to facilitate the
introduction of advanced mooring systems where this is compatible with the site’s
conservation objectives and other marine licensing considerations. The MMO will not
be covering the costs of any applications to install advanced mooring systems.
The MMO are keen to encourage collaboration between parties interested in
introducing AMS in Studland Bay and would ask anyone who may be interested to
contact the Marine Conservation Team (conservation@marinemanagement.org.uk)
to discuss this further.
12. Mooring Strategy
12.1 How will the mooring strategy work?
The MMO is working with colleagues in the marine licensing team and Natural
England to develop a mooring strategy. Through marine licensing applications and
the mooring strategy, the MMO will coordinate the placement of any future moorings
and ensure that they do not have negative impacts on conservation features or
safety within Studland Bay. Considerations of the strategy may include suitable
locations, density of moorings, signage requirements and appropriate installation
methods.
At this time, the MMO are unable to install advanced mooring systems but we are
looking at ways that the MMO can help to facilitate their installation in Studland Bay.
The MMO would like to involve stakeholders in the mooring strategy. If you would
like to be involved, please contact the Marine Conservation Team
(conservation@marinemanagement.org.uk).
13. Education
13.1 What is the MMO doing to increase awareness of damaging activities in
Studland Bay and educate the public?
Education will be a key part of the MMO’s work to develop, implement and assure
management measures. The MMO may be developing signage and information
boards for Studland Bay MCZ to help educate visitors about the protected features of
the site and how they can avoid causing damage.
17Last Updated: 21 April 2021
The MMO recognise the need for a range of educational approaches, from on-the-
ground presence to providing educational materials.
The MMO will be working with stakeholders and partners to identify and disseminate
educational and awareness raising materials through commonly used channels to
reach appropriate audiences. This will be used to share information and news of any
measures or information relating to seagrass and seahorse protection.
13.2 How will the zones be communicated/people made aware of them?
Education and awareness raising will accompany implementation of any measures.
The MMO will work with stakeholders to identify the appropriate channels of
communication to best reach boat owners and users of the bay.
14. Socio-economic impacts
14.1 How have impacts to the local economy, tourism and recreation in
Studland Bay been considered?
Decisions have not yet been made on management measures for this site. Any
management will be introduced through a separate process with appropriate levels
of consultation. The potential socio-economic impacts associated with any
management measures for Studland Bay were considered during the designation
process. In designating Studland Bay MCZ, the Secretary of State decided the
environmental case for designation outweighed these potential impacts.
Now that the site is designated, the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 requires
that the MMO exercises relevant powers to best further the conservation objectives
of the site. Social and economic factors cannot be used as a reason not to provide
the protection required to further the site’s conservation objectives. The social and
economic impact of any proposed management will be assessed as part of the
process of developing and introducing management measures (find more detail
about this process online). The MMO will always seek to ensure that the social and
economic costs of management are minimised, providing the required level of
environmental protection can be assured.
The MMO will engage with stakeholders that may be affected to explore concerns
raised and offer opportunities to participate in the development of management
measures.
The MMO understand that there may be recreational impacts, however, the MMO
need to decide on an approach that will protect the designated features. The MMO
have taken time to develop a range of options for this and we are engaging with
stakeholders about their preference.
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15. Other marine non-licensable activities
15.1 Is the MMO introducing a ‘blanket ban’ of all activities in Studland Bay?
No, the MMO will not be banning all activities in Studland Bay. Management
measures for activities will be considered on a case by case basis.
15.2 Why are options being proposed for management? Seahorses and
seagrass should be protected throughout the whole of Studland Bay Marine
Conservation Zone and therefore all damaging activities should be prohibited
throughout.
The purpose of marine conservation zones is to ensure that the designated features
of the site are recovered to favourable condition or maintained in favourable
condition. Prohibiting all activities would have disproportionate social or economic
impacts. The MMO therefore considers a range of management measures to
establish the best approach for a site. This is coupled with detailed scientific
assessment and appropriate levels of consultation.
15.3 Management measures in Studland Bay will cause displacement to other
areas. How is the MMO considering this?
The MMO is not currently proposing additional management for most activities so
displacement impacts will be kept to a minimum. Impacts of any management
measures will be carefully considered before a final decision is made. Monitoring will
determine if any displacement is occurring in other areas and monitoring of those
areas would determine whether any management is required.
15.4 No anchoring/mooring zones will encourage fishing because
anchoring/mooring is a deterrent to fishing in Studland Bay at the moment.
What will the MMO do to stop this happening?
Any impact of fishing will be monitoring and assessed by Southern Inshore Fisheries
and Conservation Authority. Fishers do not target the site outside popular
recreational periods, for example, October to April, when there are lower numbers of
vessels anchored/moored. This suggests that the site is not favourable for fishing.
15.5 Bottom-towed fishing gear impacts in marine protected areas cause more
damage than anchoring recreational vessels. What is MMO doing to manage
fishing?
Any fishing activity in the 0-6 nautical mile (nm) limit is primarily managed by the
Southern Inshore Fisheries Conservation Authority, and any changes to fishing
activities will be monitored and assessed by them.
19Last Updated: 21 April 2021
Fishing activity from 6-200 nm is the jurisdiction of the MMO. Fishing activity and
pressures of gear types is monitored and assessed on a site-by-site basis, to
understand where management may be required.
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