FISHERMANS BEND URBAN FOREST - PRECINCT PLAN 2015-2025
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FISHERMANS BEND Urban FOrest Precinct Plan 2015-2025 Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 1
CONTENTS A Message from Introduction to the precinct plans 4 the City of Melbourne How does Melbourne’s urban forest measure up? 8 The City of Melbourne’s urban What will the precinct plans achieve? 10 forest comprises around 70,000 trees in streets and parks as well as Community priorities 14 approximately 20,000 trees located in the private realm, in addition to a growing number of green roofs Fishermans Bend urban forest in 2015 and walls across the municipality. and its projected future 18 The trees managed by the City Prioritising tree planting in streets 20 of Melbourne in the public realm contribute significantly to the character and identity of Melbourne. Map 1: Planting Priorities 22 An increasing body of evidence and research informs us that urban uiding principles and considerations G forests and green space are vital to Robert Doyle for tree planting 26 supporting a healthy community Lord Mayor as well as providing a means to Map 2: Key planting constraints 28 adapting to climate change. Map 3: Natural and open space context 32 The Urban Forest Strategy completed in 2012 identified the need to Map 4: Strategic context 34 generate a new legacy for Melbourne Map 5: Planting sub precincts 38 and create a forest for future generations. This urban forest is to Map 6: Canopy cover and biodiversity outcomes 42 be diverse, robust and resilient in the face of current and future challenges. Map 7: What should stay and what should change? 44 The urban forest precinct plan documents are a key implementation Planting Strategies 46 tool of the Urban Forest Strategy, providing a framework for tree Map 8: Long-term Planting Strategy 48 planting in streets that will meet the Urban Forest Strategy targets. Map 9: 10-Year Planting Plan 50 We have worked closely with Map 10: Guide to species change 52 the community and key stakeholders to generate this plan and are Species Palette 54 confident that it provides the basis for a street tree planting program that is consistent with neighbourhood Cr Arron Wood character, the community’s Chair Environmental vision for the future urban forest, portfolio and the principles of the Urban Forest Strategy. Disclaimer This report is provided for information and it does not purport to be complete. While care has been taken to ensure the content in the report is accurate, we cannot guarantee is without flaw of any kind. There may be errors and omissions or it may not be wholly appropriate for your particular purposes. In addition, the publication is a snapshot in time based on historic information which is liable to change. The City of Melbourne accepts no responsibility and disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information contained in this report. Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 3
Introduction to the Precinct Plans Urban forest precinct plans guide Why is the urban forest The Urban Forest Strategy tree planting and greening in City important? of Melbourne streets. Precinct plans The City of Melbourne is currently Principles: The targets set out in the Urban Forest are subsidiary documents to the City of Melbourne’s 2012 Urban facing three significant challenges: Strategy are to: Forest Strategy and form a key climate change, urban heating and component of the strategy’s population growth. These will place •M itigate and adapt implementation. Melbourne is significant pressure on the built to climate change fabric, services and people of the city. Increase canopy cover divided into 10 precincts. The City of Melbourne’s canopy cover will be 40% by 2040. Each precinct plan has been A healthy urban forest will play a critical role in maintaining the health •R educe the urban developed in collaboration with heat island effect the community, and is grounded and liveability of Melbourne by: Increase urban forest diversity in the science underlying the • cooling the city The City of Melbourne’s urban forest population will be composed of Urban Forest Strategy and in • improving and maintaining the •D esign for health no more than 5% of one tree species, no more than 10% of one genus sound urban design principles. health, well-being and happiness and wellbeing and no more than 20% of any one family. of urban dwellers What is an urban forest? • improving social cohesion The urban forest comprises all of •C reate healthier Improve vegetation health the trees and other vegetation – and • cleaning air and water ecosystems 90% of the City of Melbourne’s tree population will be healthy by 2040. the soil and water that supports it – • sequestering and storing carbon within the municipality. It incorporates • attracting people to live, work vegetation in streets, parks, gardens, •D esign for liveability and visit in Melbourne Improve soil moisture and water quality plazas, campuses, river and creek and cultural integrity embankments, wetlands, railway • stimulating economic activity Soil moisture levels will be maintained at levels to provide healthy corridors, community gardens, in retail and dining precincts growth of vegetation. green walls, balconies and roofs. • providing habitat for native birds •B ecome a water and pollinators sensitive city Improve urban ecology Protect and enhance urban ecology and biodiversity to contribute to the delivery of healthy ecosystem services. •P osition Melbourne as a leader in urban forestry Inform and consult the community SCIENCE The community will have a broader understanding of the importance of our urban forest, increase their connection to it and engage with its process of evolution. PRECINCT PLAN URBAN COMMUNITY DESIGN 4 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 5
Introduction to the Precinct Plans CONTINUED Why are we concerned about The urban heat island effect Anticipated population growth and What can the urban forest do? benefits that our tree canopy can of mitigating the potential impacts climate change, urban heat island (whereby urban areas are several increasing urban intensification provide to mitigate climate change of climate change and heat on our Urban forests provide an array of and population growth? degrees hotter than surrounding rural means that more people will be at impacts are shade, cooling and city. The Urban Forest Strategy has environmental, economic and social areas) means that central Melbourne risk during extreme weather events rainwater interception. established principles and targets for Climate change impacts to human benefits that contribute to creating will reach threshold temperatures and, as a result, there will be a greater developing an urban forest that will health and wellbeing are a significant resilient and sustainable cities that The urban forest and its associated for heat related illness in vulnerable demand on health services in the City meet Melbourne’s needs and create concern for our municipality. Climate are enjoyable places for people to benefits have been identified as one populations more often and for a of Melbourne. Urban intensification a city within a forest. change science indicates that live and work. Some of the significant of the most cost-effective means longer duration than surrounding also places additional pressure on Melbourne is likely to experience suburban and rural areas. The urban public realm open space as the an increase in the frequency and heat island is primarily a result of private realm becomes increasingly severity of extreme weather events impervious hard surfaces that absorb built-up (for more information see such as heat waves, drought and heat, human activity that generates Melbourne’s Open Space Strategy). flooding. Heat waves kill more people heat and low vegetation cover that Access to open space is critical to in Australia each year than any other fails to provide adequate shade and people’s physical and mental health natural disasters. The average annual natural cooling. and wellbeing. temperature is expected to increase by approximately 2.6 C° and the number of hot days each year is expected to increase from nine to 20 by 2070. Thermal imaging of Melbourne, taken late at night, showing how paved, unshaded surfaces store heat from solar radiation and contribute to increased temperatures in urban areas. Useful Life Expectancy mapped for City of Melbourne Trees. 6 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 7
How does Melbourne’s Urban Forest Measure up? In order to provide the benefits Canopy cover This water is being used to water the Melbourne’s canopy graphed with and without tree planting we need from our urban forest vegetation in our urban landscapes. Increasing the provision of summer in a changing climate, our tree shade and biomass is important to Urban development has increased population needs to be healthy, combating the urban heat island the connectedness of impervious diverse and resilient. To assess its effect, adapting to climate change surfaces resulting in: 40% current state we mapped the trees and enhancing our streetscapes in our city to measure species/genus/ for the comfort of people. Canopy • decreased vegetation cover and family diversity, useful life expectancy cover is a way of expressing, as a below ground growing space; 30% and tree canopy. percentage, how much of any given • decreased infiltration of water 27% area is shaded by trees. Currently, into the ground; Useful life expectancy 77% of Melbourne’s streets and parks 23% are without natural shade, and the • increased pollutant runoff; and, Useful life expectancy is an areas of the city with the highest • increased hard surfaces which 26% estimate of how long a tree is likely 25% to remain in the landscape based population density have the lowest contribute to the urban heat island. 23% 21% on health, amenity, environmental canopy cover. The City aims to Fundamentally, the city has low services contribution and risk to double its canopy cover by 2040 levels of water permeability (50%) the community. The recent period and is currently planting 3,000 trees and water has little opportunity to of drought and water restrictions per year to achieve this target. infiltrate the soil. Ground surfaces triggered irreversible decline for need to allow rainfall to enter the many trees. This exaggerated How can permeability, availability soil, a huge reservoir that is ready- the age-related decline of many of water and soil volume be made to provide for a healthy forest. 2012 2020 2030 2040 significant elms and other trees. improved? We are increasingly using methods Modelling shows that within the next to increase permeability through ten years, 23% of our current tree The urban environment is highly the use of permeable pavement, population will be at the end of their modified, with harsher conditions New and Replacement Planting No Future Planting structural soil cells and peeling useful lives and within twenty years for plant growth than in natural back asphalt where possible to this figure will have reached 39%. landscapes. Tree health and the provide better growing conditions Most dramatically, 55% of Melbourne’s ability to maintain shade and for trees and vegetation, and a better The lower line represents what is projected to happen to our canopy cover if we stop planting trees. The line above shows what will happen elms are in a state of severe decline cooling benefits are primarily cooling outcome. if we replace trees as they are lost and plant new trees at a rate of approximately 3,000 trees per year to 2040 and will likely need to be removed influenced by the conditions in from the landscape within 10 years. which trees are growing. Access to ample soil moisture Tree diversity and vulnerability enables trees to actively transpire and At present, approximately 40% of cool the surrounding air. Adequate our trees come from one family soil moisture is critical for healthy (Myrtaceae). Elm avenues line many vegetation. A number of active and Melbourne boulevards and plane passive approaches are currently trees dominate in many streets, undertaken to replenish soil moisture particularly within the central city. and ensure it is maintained at levels Within streets 24% of trees are to provide healthy growth. Our Total planes, 11% are elms and 8% are Watermark Strategy is being updated spotted gums. Reliance on a few to strategically manage Melbourne’s species, and a lack of spatial diversity water catchment. In the meantime, in species distribution, leaves the we have implemented numerous urban forest vulnerable to threats water sensitive urban design projects from pests, disease, and stress to capture and store water that due to climate change. would otherwise go down the drain. 8 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 9
What will the Precinct Plans Achieve? The precinct plans will help to guide Policy context To guide the future development The vision for fishermans bend urban forest implementation of the urban forest in FBURA, the ‘Fishermans Bend The relationships between the strategy in Melbourne’s streets. The Strategic Framework Plan’ was precinct plans and other City of information provided in the plans released by the Metropolitan Planning Melbourne policies are outlined in The future urban forest in Fishermans Bend will be a will direct the annual tree planting Authority (MPA) in July 2014 the Urban Forest Strategy. program to achieve urban forest amended April 2015). Geographically, the area covered by strategy objectives, protect and enhance neighbourhood character, the Fishermans Bend Urban Forest A Lorimer Structure Plan is also being resilient and regenerative ecosystem that celebrates and is adapted to its riverine environment, and connects and to prioritise works and budgets developed by the City of Melbourne Precinct falls into the Fishermans within each precinct. with the MPA. This document will Bend Urban Renewal Area (FBURA). people and nature. provide more detailed planning for FBURA was announced by the Within this document, specific the streets, public realm and open Victorian Government in July 2012. direction is provided on the selection space for this area. The Fishermans Bend Urban Forest of appropriate trees for the precinct. The plans are performance based Precinct area covers the ‘Fishermans Bend Employment Precinct’ and part It will be a vibrant destination that incorporates shady, in that they establish the desired outcomes for streets but do not of the ‘Lorimer Precinct’ in FBURA. inclusive civic spaces that enhance indigenous landscapes prescribe specific species for each location. A set of high performance and foster a sense of community. guidelines are being developed for Melbourne’s urban landscapes and these will support the precinct plans with case studies and detailed guidance on how to achieve outcomes in streets that are consistent with the urban forest strategy. Park and significant boulevard trees will be planted using existing master plans and site specific plans. The City of Melbourne boundary is shown in grey and the Fishermans Bend Precinct is highlighted in orange. 10 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 11
What will the Precinct Plans Achieve? CONTINUED Complementary strategies The City of Melbourne will also work isolated shacks. Early on, scattered Fishermans bend character with institutional and large holding noxious trades (i.e., abbottoirs, bone The precinct plans address tree The Fishermans Bend precinct land manager across the city to mills, rendering plants etc.) and a planting in Melbourne’s streets differs substantially from other support and encourage the adoption pig farm were located along the but there are many ways in which city precincts in that it is changing of urban forest strategy principles on river and in the late 1800s there was the private and public realm can from an area of traditional industry those lands. The Fishermans Bend suggestion that all of these industries contribute to meeting urban forest to a preferred location for mixed precinct, includes large areas of be concentrated in Fishermans objectives and creating a city uses from clean, value-added private and state managed land that Bend due to its lack of population. resilient to climate change. manufacturing, high-profile office have already contributed and could After much debate, it was eventually support greater canopy cover. These decided that noxious trades should accommodation, to high density These include: include West Gate Park, Department instead be removed from the urban living. There are currently • water sensitive urban design of Defence, Port of Melbourne waterway as part of the Harbour around 12,000 workers works in the • tree planting in parks Corporation, GM Holden, Boeing, Improvement Plan but the Bend area (ABS, 2011 Census Population and Herald and Weekly Times. has remained an industrial area. and Housing, Workers database). • private realm tree planting that With the upcoming urban renewal, contributes to urban forest canopy, Similarly, City of Melbourne will The Coode Canal works bisected the area is expected to accommodate diversity and connectivity work closely with neighbouring Fishermans Bend in 1887 to remove thousands more workers and • planting vegetation that enhances municipalities to support and a major bend in the Yarra and speed residents in the near future. urban biodiversity encourage the adoption of urban shipping traffic. The northern tip of forest strategy principles in other the precinct is now where the docks Among the most unique and valuable • maximising permeable surfaces jurisdictions. in West Melbourne are located. The qualities of the precinct is its strong and growing space for trees land form has been substantially association with Melbourne’s • building green roofs and walls altered by docks and the canal, and waterways, port and port activities. Historical and existing fill covers most of the original sandy The existing large lot subdivision • greening balconies tree plantings pattern has created sites capable soils of Fishermans Bend. • implementing innovative green Fishermans Bend sits at the of accommodating large floorplates, technologies southernmost boundary of the City Since the early 1900s, the area has creating ‘campus’ like plans `Melbourne and Its Suburbs’ compiled by James Kearney, draughtsman; engraved by of Melbourne where the Yarra enters been used in a wide variety of ways combining buildings with landscapes The City of Melbourne is working David Tulloch and James D. Brown. Victoria. Surveyor-General [Melbourne]: Andrew Clarke, Hobsons Bay. The land is part of including a rifle range in the 1920s, surrounds. This emphasises the need Surveyor General 1855: (part, State Library of Victoria collection) with stakeholders in both the the Yarra River Delta and, prior to the Commonwealth aerodrome in to coordinate public and private public and private realm to support the arrival of European settlers, was the 1930s, a racetrack in the 1950s open space environments, including these outcomes. comprised of salt water wetlands, salt and then more recently for car active frontages onto streetscapes Opportunities exist to enhance lagoons and sand ridges extending manufacturing and small industry. where possible. Streetscape plantings canopy cover in the private realm. from the Yarra to the Bay. Trees Westgate Park is the major open will greatly assist in also providing The projected canopy cover for were not part of the Fishermans space in the area and has been consistency where building setbacks, the entire precinct has included Bend landscape. The area would restored from industrial uses and lot sizes, functional specialisations or a potential doubling of private have supported fish and birdlife afforested with native trees. Westgate differentiation occur. realm canopy cover to 6% by 2040. providing an important hunting Park support some of the only salt resource for Boonwurrung people of marsh flats remaining in the area. The existing urban forest in In order for this to occur, private the Kulin Nation. The abundance of Some street tree planting has also Fishermans Bend is characterised and institutional land owners, and wildlife these billabongs and lagoons occurred in the last decade. Today, by a mix of large and medium developers would need to actively supported would have been such canopy cover in Fishermans Bend evergreen Australian native trees create space for and plant trees. that palaeontologist Tim Flannery has is likely the highest it has ever been. along major corridors such as Lorimer ‘imagined the Melbourne area in 1830 Street and Todd Road. These form an The City of Melbourne will support as a sort of temperate Kakadu’. important ecological corridor linking private land owners to plant trees the waterfront to the indigenous by providing materials that advise Its low lying land, lack of fresh planting in West Gate Park. There are on suitable trees and by seeking water and disconnection from early some established deciduous trees creative ways to encourage private settlements of Melbourne, Sandridge mainly London planes along Salmon land planting. We will also continue and Williamstown meant that St, creating a ‘tree-lined boulevard’ to educate residents on how they Fishermans Bend was not developed which is rare in the area. can contribute to the urban forest or populated by early European through our on-going community settlers with the exception of a few engagement work. 12 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 13
Community Priorities Fishermans Bend Urban Forest COLOUR Desired future states defined Diverse, Indigenous, Layered: Precinct Plan has been developed in by the community: collaboration with the community, which is reflected in the character, • Beautiful, connecting, diverse vision, planting plan and priorities • Resilient defined for Fishermans Bend’s urban • Indigenous landscape forest. The community consultation highlighted that the urban forest • Vibrant destination planting in Fishermans Bend should • Water sensitive celebrate and adapt to its waterfront • Integrate with river frontage connection; leverage the existing indigenous landscapes and create • Socially active and connected greater ecology corridor connecting people with biodiversity. Urban forest benefits highlighted through community consultation: Our work with the community indicated a preference for trees • Shady, people friendly, civic that would add more shade, • flood mitigation colour, biodiversity to the area, • Supporting biodiversity and as well as indigenous species which community are resilient in the changing climate. • Wildlife corridor • Recreational and visually relaxing • Safe Images selected by the community as representing a preferred future for Fiserhmans Bend urban forest that includes Diverse, Indigenous, Layered. 14 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 15
Community Priorities CONTINUED StreetScape COMMUNITY Fisherman’s Bend community members developing priorities for planting in the precinct. 16 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 17
Fishermans bend urban forest in 2015 and its projected future CANOPY - PUBLIC REALM CANOPY - PUBLIC REALM CANOPY 2015 – PUBLIC 8% REALM CANOPY - PUBLIC 8% 2015 REALM 2025 24% 2015 2025 8% 24% TREE HEALTH (ULE) - PUBLIC REALM Canopy Park 2040 40% Canopy Park 3753 TREE HEALTH (ULE) - PUBLIC REALM 2025 2040 24% 40% Canopy Road TREE HEALTH (ULE) – PUBLIC REALM Canopy Road TREE HEALTH (ULE) - PUBLIC REALM 3753 Canopy Park 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 3753 2040 40% 2213 10 years or less 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% Canopy Road TREE CANOPY AND LOCATIONS FOR FISHERMANS BEND 1293 2213 11 20 years TREE CANOPY Canopy Park AND LOCATIONS Canopy RoadFOR FISHERMANS BEND 10 years or less 0% Canopy Park 10% Canopy Road 20% 30% 40% 2213 21 to 30 years 1293 11 1020 years years or less 156 156 129 156 129 216 TREE CANOPY AND LOCATIONS FOR FISHERMANS BEND 49 56 56 30 years Tree canopy and locations for Fishermans Bend 1293 21 to 30 11 20 years years Canopy Park Canopy Road 49 2015 156 56 56 2025 129 156 156 2040 216 129 30 years CANOPY - ENTIRE PRECINCT 21 to 30 years CANOPY – ENTIRE PRECINCT TREES COUNTS156 FOR FISHERMANS BEND, CATEGORISED 156 2025 BY USEFUL LIFE 156 TIME EXPECTANCY 216 (ULE) IN YEARS CANOPY - ENTIRE PRECINCT 49 56 2015 56 129 129 2040 30 years 10 years or less 11 20 years 21 to 30 years 30 years 2015 0.6% 3.2% TREES COUNTS FOR FISHERMANS BEND, CATEGORISED BY USEFUL LIFE TIME EXPECTANCY (ULE) IN YEARS 2015 2025 2040 CANOPY - 2015 ENTIRE PRECINCT 0.6% 3.2% 10 years or less 11 20 years 21 to 30 years 30 years Canopy Park TREES COUNTS FOR FISHERMANS BEND, CATEGORISED BY USEFUL LIFE TIME EXPECTANCY (ULE) IN YEARS Canopy Park Tree counts for Fishermans Bend categorised by useful life time expectancy (ule) in years 2025 2% 3.2% 3% Canopy Road 10 years or less 11 20 years 21 to 30 years 30 years 2015 2025 0.6% 2% 3.2% 3.2% 3% Canopy Road TREES - PUBLIC REALM Canopy Private Canopy Park TREES – PUBLIC REALM 2040 3% 3.2% 6% Existing Park Trees Canopy Private TREES - PUBLIC REALM 2025 2040 2% 3% 3.2% 3.2% 3% 6% Canopy Private Potential Canopy Road 2015 1553 Replacement Park Trees Canopy Private Potential Existing Park Trees Canopy Private TREES - PUBLIC 2015 REALM 1553 New Park Trees Replacement Park Trees 2040 0% 3% 2% 4% 3.2% 6% 8% 6% 10% 12% 14% 2025 1504 1000 Existing Park Trees 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% Canopy Private Potential 49 New Street Trees New Park Trees TREE CANOPY AND LOCATIONS FOR FISHERMANS BEND 2015 1553 Replacement Park Trees TREE CANOPY Canopy Park AND LOCATIONS Canopy RoadFOR FISHERMANS BEND Canopy Private Potential Canopy Private 2025 1504 1000 Existing Street Trees Tree canopy and locations for Fishermans Bend 49 New Street Trees 0% 2% 4%Road 6% 8% Canopy Private 10%Potential 12% 14% 2040 2341 212 1700 Canopy Park Canopy Canopy Private New Park Trees Replacement Street Trees Existing Street Trees TREE CANOPY AND LOCATIONS FOR FISHERMANS BEND 20252040 1504 1000 2341 212 1700 New Street Trees PRECINCT POPULATION DISTRIBUTION – RESIDENTS 49 Canopy Park Canopy Road Canopy Private Canopy Private Potential Replacement Street Trees 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 Existing Street Trees PRECINCT POPULATION DISTRIBUTION - RESIDENTS 2040 2341 212 1700 TREES COUNTS & PLANTING BY CITY OF MELBOURNE IN FISHERMANS BEND 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 PRECINCT1,200 POPULATION DISTRIBUTION - RESIDENTS Replacement Street Trees Existing Park Trees Replacement Park Trees New Park Trees 1,100 1,200 Tree counts TREES and COUNTS planting Existing & PLANTING byTrees Street City BY of MelbourneCITY OF Street MELBOURNE in Fishermans Replacement Bend IN FISHERMANS Trees New Street TreesBEND 1,000 1,100 PRECINCT POPULATION DISTRIBUTION - RESIDENTS 900 1,000 0 Existing 500 Park Trees 1000 1500 Replacement 2000 Park Trees 2500 New Park Trees 3500 3000 4000 4500 800 900 Existing Street Trees Replacement Street Trees New Street Trees 700 1,200 800 DIVERSITY (BY GENUS) TREES COUNTS – PUBLIC & PLANTING REALM BY CITY OF MELBOURNE IN FISHERMANS BEND 600 1,100 700 2015 500 1,000 600 2015 DIVERSITY (BY GENUS) Existing Park Trees- PUBLIC Replacement REALM Park Trees New Park Trees 400 900 500 2025 Existing Street Trees Replacement Street Trees New Street Trees 300 800 Eucalyptus 400 200 2025 700 DIVERSITY (BY GENUS) - PUBLIC REALM Corymbia 300 600100 2035 2015 2015 29% 25% 14% 5% 4% 3% 3% 17% Eucalyptus 200 5000 2035 Allocasuarina 100 400 0 2025 0- 0-4 5- -9 s 10 10- 15 15-1 20 20- 25 25- 30 0- 35 5- 40 0- 45 5- 50 0- 55 5- 60 60- 65 65- 70 70- 75 5- 80 0- 85 5 Corymbia 2015 -19 9 9 300 -14 14 4 Banksia -7 79 -2 29 -3 39 -5 59 -6 69 -4 49 -7 74 -2 24 29% 25% 14% 5% 4% 3% 3% 17% -5 54 -3 34 -8 84 -6 64 -4 44 ye yea DIVERSITY (BY GENUS) - PUBLIC REALM ye yea 9 4 9 9 9 5 3 3 4 4 5 5 7 8 8 4 9 4 4 9 4 4 4 Allocasuarina 200 ar rs 2025 a 20% 20% 10% 5% 4% 3% 3% 35% 2035 s Platanus r 100 an nd Eucalyptus Banksia PROJECTED RESIDENT POPULATION BY AGE FOR FISHERMANS BEND d 0 r Pinus s ov ove a 2025 20% 20% 10% 5% 4% 3% 3% 35% Corymbia PROJECTED RESIDENT POPULATION BY AGE FOR FISHERMANS BEND er r Platanus 2015: Residents 21 0- 5 10 15 20 25 3 3 4 4 5 5 60 65 70 7 8 8 2015 29% 25% 14% 5% 4% 3% 3% 17% 5- -9 5- 0- 5- 0- 0- 5 0- 5- 2040 -19 Ficus -14 4 -2 -6 15% 10% 15% 6% 1%4% 4% 45% WITH 40 OTHER GENUS TYPES -7 -2 -6 79 ye 39 59 49 34 54 84 44 Allocasuarina 2035:Residents 2015: Residents214,926 ye 4 9 4 9 4 Pinus ar ar Other s s 2035: Residents 4,926 an 2040 Banksia Ficus 15% 10% 15% 6% 1%4% 4% 45% WITH 40 OTHER GENUS TYPES PROJECTED RESIDENT by agePOPULATION BY AGE FOR FISHERMANS BEND d Projected resident population for Fishermans Bend 2025 ov 20% 20% 10% 5% 4% 3% 3% 35% Platanus Other er 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 2015: Residents 21 Data source: City of Melbourne 2013-2036 Population Forecast, Geografia (last updated March 2015) Pinus 2035: Residents 4,926 MAIN Main genus 0% typesGENUS TYPES for Fishermans 20% FOR FISHERMANS Bend 40% BEND 60% 80% 100% 2040 15% 10% 15% 6% 1%4% 4% 45% WITH 40 OTHER GENUS TYPES Ficus Eucalyptus Corymbia Allocasuarina Banksia Platanus MAIN Other Pinus GENUS TYPES 18 City of Melbourne Ficus FOR FISHERMANS BEND All other genus types Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 19 Eucalyptus Corymbia Allocasuarina Banksia Platanus 0% Pinus 20% Ficus 40%All other genus types60% 80% 100%
Prioritising Tree Planting in Streets 1. S treets with opportunities for planting 2. Community identified priority for greening Map 1: Planting Prioritising tree planting in streets are only identified for streets where the useful life expectancy of multiple or replacements priorities When prioritising where to plan, trees is rated at less than 10 years. it is important to focus resources Due to the considerable change City of Melbourne has prioritised in the locations that need it most. with redevelopment of the Lorimer the work in different streets by This includes consideration of where Precinct in particular, new plantings using varied criteria and the timing we have opportunities to plant new in these zones will be informed by is provisional only. The schedule trees or replace trees, where the development proposals and timing. for some streets may be brought highest density of vulnerable people We used census and mapping data forward or delayed by capital works, reside, which streets are the hottest to spatially define streets with these renewal projects or developments in summer, and areas where there is a conditions. We defined these on the that affect tree planting or survival. very low canopy cover. Replacements maps overleaf. Unforeseen opportunities for streetscape improvement may also alter scheduled planting. How the Precinct Plan Guides Annual Planting Streets prioritised for work in Years 1 – 4 (2015 – 2018) Set annual planting program include those: 3. Hot and very hot streets 4. Tree replacements required in next 10 years • Priorities (Map 1) 1. Already scheduled for work • Streets Undergoing Unforsee Change in the current planting season; or, (Eg. Infrastructure Project or Development) 2. Having a high number of • Annual Budget vulnerable people with two or more occurrences of: community priority, very low canopy Define objectives for streetscape cover, temperature hot spot • Review guiding principles and considerations or replacements required. for tree planting (Map 2 - 7) Streets prioritised for work in Years 5 – 7 (2019 – 2021) Define planting strategy include those: Maps 8 - 10 1. Having a high number of vulnerable people with one occurrence of: community Select species 5. Canopy Cover < 20% priority, very low canopy cover, temperature hot spot • Review Streetscape objectives or replacements required. • Review What should change (Map 7) Streets prioritised for work • Review Planting plans (Map 8, 9 & 10) in Years 8 – 10 (2022 – 2025) • Review species pallette include those with only: 1. High number of vulnerable people; Implement planting or a combination of, 2. Community priority; • Produce streetscape design options • Consult with residents 3. Very low canopy cover; • Plant 4. Temperature hot spot; or 5. Replacements required. 20 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 21
Map 1: Planting Priorities LEGEND Port of Melbourne Corporation Years 1-4 land. Section of land not mananged or maintained by City Years 5-7 of Melbourne Years 8-10 Parks Victoria management Lorimer structure plan Assess opportunites for feature area planting Port of Melbourne Corporation road under construction 22 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 23
Prioritising Tree Planting in Streets CONTINUED Planting in streets presents a variety Kerb outstands should be considered Creative strategies for greening of challenges, and there are important as opportunities to plant species these streets, including the potential principles to use in responding to drawn from a wider palette that are contribution of the private realm, those challenges that will help to meet unique to that location or intersection will need to be considered. the Urban Forest Strategy targets. and provide visual interest. A complete and expanded set of Roundabouts and closed road ends Outcomes that improve the these principles is included in the should be considered as opportunities pedestrian environment should Urban Forest Diversity Guidelines and to plant large canopy trees and create always be prioritised. Opportunities should be referred to when designing landmark feature landscapes with for understorey planting with or planting any streetscape; however supporting understorey planting. a biodiversity and pedestrian Fishermans Bend specific principles environment objective should be are outlined below. The prevalence of overhead considered where possible. wires throughout Fishermans Bend limit the potential for large, natural The wide streets throughout Planting types and locations: canopy growth. the precinct are ideally suited preference large canopy trees to central median plantations; Small tree under powerlines: The prevalence Where medians or nature strips however movements by large of overhead wires throughout Fishermans A single large canopy tree provides Bend limit the potential for large, natural exist for large canopy tree planting, trucks through some of the key greater benefits in terms of cooling, canopy growth. select small to medium trees on the streets will constrain the available rainwater interception and other side with overhead constraints. In extent of median construction. ecosystem services than multiple streets where footpath trees provide small trees totalling the same canopy Growing conditions in the precinct the only canopy, select medium to extent. Fishermans Bend’s wide are relatively harsh, due to the soil large trees that can be effectively streets provide opportunities for and exposure to coastal wind, pruned around power lines. Always median planting as well as the reuse therefore a range of hardy, largely consider opportunities to bundle or of existing road corridors as new native, species will be required. underground power lines. open space links. Tree trimmed under powerlines Roundabouts and closed road ends should be considered as opportunities to plant large canopy trees and create landmark feature landscapes with supporting understorey planting. 24 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 25
Prioritising Tree Planting in Streets CONTINUED Planting Patterns and Species • Use mixed avenues of two or Select ‘shorter-lived’ (~50 years) Soil and moisture conditions: Choice: Adopt planting patterns more species of similar form and species in approximately 10% of each Improve soil moisture conditions that increase diversity character where appropriate; sub-precinct to better balance future and select species appropriate • Use informal mixes of species age distribution across Fishermans to the site conditions The convention of planting avenues, Bend. These selections should be or consistent lines of a single species, where acceptable (e.g., perimeters Always consider opportunities to focused in areas or planting positions can limit species diversity. However, of parks and gardens, streets undertake soil volume improvement where losses will have a lower impact avenue plantings are important to where most trees senescent but in planting areas and to increase on shade provision (e.g., where there local character in many streets and important established specimens permeability or water infiltration are large, long-lived trees in medians open spaces in Melbourne. To balance remain, streets where vegetation where needed. Assessment for these or on one side of the street, or in these two conflicting pressures, from private gardens occasionally interventions is particularly necessary landmark/biodiversity plantings). it is important to identify ways to overhangs into street space, etc.). at sites where trees are being minimise the extent of homogenous Fishermans Bend presents a range replaced because they failed to thrive. avenue planting while maintaining of challenges for tree growth due Interventions to consider include: a strong design outcome. The to the underlying soil conditions, Water infiltration, permeable paving and structural soil or cells provide • systematic trenching in landscaped opportunities to grow larger, healthier trees in paved areas following strategies can be used: wind exposure, saline air, and with areas, in medians, between increased urban density solar tree plots and centre of road • Establish a hierarchy of streets/ access will also be an important parking zones paths most important to plant with consideration. Planting site continuous avenues and limit use • structural soils or cells below preparation, stock selection and to elsewhere; permeable paving an extent species trials are critical • Identify breaks in avenues at logical to establishing the successful future • increasing soil volume points along the length of streets, urban forest for Fishermans Bend. • WSUD tree pits or infiltration pits planting soil mix where species may change; Use a balance of proven and trial • stormwater harvesting species to increase diversity but • Use asymmetrical treatments along • improving existing soil quality limit the use of trial species in some streets (e.g., local streets and water holding capacity streets to less than 10% of the permeable surface where there are power lines on precinct tree population. Fishermans Bend is located on one side only so large trees may what was the Yarra River Delta with fit on one side and small ones on structural soil native soils of fine to medium sand the other); overlying Coode Island Silt, overlying Fishermans Bend Silt. Soil texture near the surface would have varied from sandy to silty or sandy clay. drainage medium However, the soils in the precinct ground water recharge today are likely to consist of variable planting soil and permeable pavement fill deposited to raise the low lying to tree surround land above sea level. Some fill is likely to have been sourced from deepening the Yarra, and therefore Coode Island Silts and Fishermans structural soil extends Bend Silts may have been deposited under footpath on the surface. pavement and between trees to allow The water table is expected to be for root development relatively shallow throughout the and provide pavement precinct. Periodic inundation with support saline water and waterlogging may be encountered due to Fishermans Bend’s low, flat elevation, proximity to the river and low water table. Improving below ground growing conditions for trees in streets Tree planting and growing conditions Use informal mixes of species where acceptable (e.g., perimeters of parks and gardens, streets where most trees senescent but important may be challenged by natural salinity established specimens remain, streets where vegetation from private landscapes occasionally overhangs into street space, etc.). levels and potential soil and ground water contamination from past site uses. Where this is the case, soil amelioration may be required to 26 City of Melbourne support healthy tree growth. Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 27
Guiding Principles and Considerations for Tree Planting Map 2: Key planting Map 3 & 4: Planting constraints Opportunities There are a range of constraining These maps show some of the factors that influence opportunities many layers of information that for planting in Fishermans Bend. influence the opportunities and objectives for tree planting in Map 2 illustrates some of the Fishermans Bend’s Streets. complex site conditions as well Community PRIORITY as underground and overhead Map 3 illustrates the Natural and infrastructure which need to Open Space Context which considers be considered when looking the geographic aspects of the at opportunities for planting precinct as well as open space Small tree under powerlines opportunities. This map indicates locations planting opportunities where overhead and underground Map 4 identifies the Strategic Context constraints have been identified and for Fishermans Bend. This plan may impact tree selection and the combines planning and urban design maximum canopy cover that can factors, land use and connectivity. Open Space & be achieved. Low voltage overhead Urban links wires associated with electricity The combination of all of these distribution have minimum clearance factors will influence the design for distances from vegetation that must streets, the varied role of planting in be maintained. When selecting which these streets and species selection. species to plant beneath overhead planning (Refer Maps 3 & 4 on pages 32 & 34) wires, ensure that the species chosen can be formatively pruned to create a pleasing canopy shape, or is at a mature height that it is a safe distance from overhead wires. private land ownership (Refer Map 2 on page 30) Tree trimmed under powerlines masterplan & strategies drainage & innundation Topography 28 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 29
Map 2: Key Planting Constraints LEGEND Low voltage powerlines Port of Melbourne Corporation road under construction High voltage powerlines Parks Victoria management Overhead structure Extent of City of Melbourne municipality boundary Port of Melbourne Corporation land. Section of land not Boundary for Fishermans mananged or maintained by Bend precinct City of Melbourne 30 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 31
Map 3: Natural and Open Space Context LEGEND Existing open space Access to adjoining major areas of open space (City Land subject to inundation of Melbourne open space strategy) Area for aboriginal cultural heritage site (Victorian Median / centre road Planning Scheme) Existing contours 1m Environmental significance overlay (Victorian Planning Existing drainage line Scheme) Port of Melbourne Corporation land. Section of land not Area for proposed open mananged or maintained by space defined in CoM open City of Melbourne space strategy Parks Victoria management Lorimer structure plan area Port of Melbourne Corporation Existing ridge line road under construction Extent of City of Melbourne municipality boundary Boundary for Fishermans Bend precinct 32 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 33
Map 4: Strategic Context LEGEND Existing open space Existing roundabout Existing industrial zone Port of Melbourne Corporation (Victorian Planning Scheme) land. Section of land not mananged or maintained by Existing commercial City of Melbourne development zone (Victorian Planning Scheme) Parks Victoria management Existing public use zone Port of Melbourne Corporation (Victorian Planning Scheme) road under construction Existing capital city zone (Victorian Planning Scheme) Extent of City of Melbourne municipality boundary Lorimer structure plan area Boundary for Fishermans Bend precinct 34 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 35
Guiding Principles and Considerations for Tree Planting CONTINUED Map 5: Planting Holden Precinct The following sub precincts are within the Lorimer Redevelopment sub-precincts This precinct comprises several finer grain subdivisions in addition to Precinct with changes to be governed the expansive factory sites. Whilst by the Lorimer Structure Plan. The following sub-precincts identify most of these sites are dominated opportunities for creating diversity in Turner Street Precinct by factories, buildings and paved the Urban Forest to increase canopy surfaces, the vegetation within the Redevelopment of this area will see cover, enhance ecological diversity private realm contributes to the the transformation of Turner Street and manage risk factors. urban forest. Future development of into an open space corridor with new this precinct should look to link the adjoining street layouts with a much Westgate Park Precinct finer grain that the current industrial west and east ends of Fishermans The significant ecological value Bend, and at how this mixed use area. Access for light to the open of Westgate Park (managed by employment land uses can integrate spaces will be a key consideration for Parks Victoria) is central to the green infrastructure and open space, the new urban form, as will balancing character of Fishermans Bend and in both the public and private realm. the needs for open space amenity Proposed Lorimer open space network to the important role of the broader and activity with whist ensuring precinct in supporting its ecosystem. Salmon Precinct these new spaces play a key role as The amenity and recreational value Central to Fishermans Bend, green infrastructure particularly for of the park should be extended the Salmon Precinct is a mix water management. and better connected with the of commercial uses to the north surrounding urban fabric as was Lorimer Central Precinct of Turner Street and industry to highlighted by the community the south. The Kraft factory is West gate park precinct: Fresh water lake This zone is anticipated to be the through the consultation process. iconic to this precinct. Turner West Gate park (top) Sabre Street (below) community hub of the densified Street’s green verge provides the urban development. The new Waterfront Precinct public realm will need to ensure opportunity for linkage between Whilst much of the Fishermans the east and west sides of the that streetscapes and open spaces Bend waterfront is under Port of Bolte Bridge which divides this provide comfortable microclimates Melbourne Corporation management, precinct from the proposed capital for people, with tree selection to be the publicly accessible section city development in the Lorimer informed by the need for seasonal of the river edge at the western Precinct. Undergrounding of light, wind protection, wayfinding end highlights the potential for overhead powerlines is necessary and character. improvement of both the ecological to create more opportunities and amenity value at this important Lorimer East Precinct Lorimer central precinct : Lorimer Street for tree planting and to allow interface. for natural canopy growth. This low lying area to the east of the Lorimer Precinct will be more This is one of only very few areas prone to flood inundation. The new downstream of the CBD which has Waterfront precinct: Yarra river view towards urban fabric will need to include a natural interface with the waters Fisherman’s Bend open spaces designed to manage edge. Substantial planting has and be resilient to these events, been undertaken here which helps including plantings adapted to support overall habitat provision. these variable conditions. Lorimer East precinct : Lorimer Street Salmon precinct: Salmon Street 36 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 37
Map 5: Planting Sub-precincts 38 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 39
Guiding Principles and Considerations for Tree Planting CONTINUED Map 6: Canopy cover Map 7: What should Minimum canopy cover of 20% Minimum canopy cover of 20 - 40% Minimum canopy cover of 40% Biodiversity objective maximise canopy and biodiversity stay and what outcomes should change? Canopy cover Native trees should be planted in streets where there is an Anticipated canopy cover at maturity opportunity to link or provide is represented as shading in streets biodiversity corridors. To increase on the map. In some streets the diversity, it is preferable that a maximum canopy cover is limited due variety of native trees from different to constraints such as tram routes genera and species are planted, and other infrastructure that limits with targeted use of species from the opportunities for tree planting. the family Myrtaceae. Planting trees Planting configuration should seek in segments or as mixed groups will to maximise canopy cover in all cases. also improve spatial diversity. Biodiversity The Yarra River and Westgate Park are a critical part of the city’s ecology corridors and the Precinct Plan will look to enhance habitat and biodiversity connections along the waterways, drainage lines and through connected open space. Opportunities to enhance biodiversity would include selecting bird and pollinator attracting species and adding layers of vegetation to provide structural diversity. Avenue and linear open space corridors along Lorimer Street and Turner Street will also play a key role. Other streets may also provide opportunities for understorey planting. Species choices for understorey planting should factor in light conditions, competition with existing plantings and maintenance requirements related to irrigation and access. (See adjacent images for examples of canopy cover and biodiversity outcomes) 40 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 41
Map 6: Canopy Cover and Biodiversity Outcomes LEGEND Minimum canopy cover of 20% Potential future biodiversity corridor Minimum canopy cover of 20% - 40% Port of Melbourne Corporation Minimum canopy cover of land. Section of land not 40% mananged or maintained by City of Melbourne Biodiversity corridor Parks Victoria management Adjoining biodiversity corridor Port of Melbourne Corporation road under construction 42 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 43
Map 7: What Should Stay and What Should Change? LEGEND Existing open space Street with Sheoak tree (Allocasuarina) integrated Street with majority pear (Pyrus) with other tree species population Lorimer structure plan area Street with majority gum tree Street with majority (Pyrus) (Corymbia) population integrated with other tree species Street with majority fig Street with gum tree Port of Melbourne Corporation tree (Ficus) population (Corymbia) integrated with land. Section of land not other tree species mananged or maintained by City Street with fig tree (Ficus) integrated with other tree of Melbourne species Street with majority Eucalyptus population Parks Victoria management Street with majority Sheoak (Allocasuarina) population Street with Eucalptus Port of Melbourne Corporation integrated with other tree species road under construction 44 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 45
Planting Strategies The following set of plans specifically identifies outcomes for tree planting. Map 9: 10-year Map 10: Guide to They provide the framework for change within each street in the planting plan Species Change Guide to species change: This map indicates precinct with design outcomes This plan provides direction on This map indicates locations along locations along streets where a change in informed by all of the other factors where new and replacement planting streets where a change in species species is logical based on sub-precinct outlined in the previous maps. is to occur across Fishermans Bend. is logical based on sub-precinct boundaries, topographic factors or objectives The size and evergreen/deciduous boundaries, topographic factors or defined for streets within this plan. nature of the species to be used is objectives defined for streets within Map 8: Long-term also defined as a solid or dashed this plan. The colours do not indicate line (in the case of replacements this species distribution or specific planting strategy may be different to what is planted in that location currently). Species species. Rather, they represent points of species change, with similar selection is left somewhat open; colours along a street indicating use This strategy provides the long-term however, Map 7 and Map 8 provide of a range of species that will achieve direction for planting in the precinct. guidance on where spatial diversity a consistent character for that street. The selection of tree species for each should be created and where street should respond to criteria Select or match species to form, core species should be retained. including optimal size and other colour and seasonal themes for Streets with opportunities for characteristics that relate to the streets to unify character even re-design represent streets where street typology and its relationship where species are varied. Introduce permeability could be improved to the major planting sub-precincts. greater diversity in kerb outstands, through interventions such as Values of existing vegetation are also roundabouts and road ends. In streets new open spaces, park expansions a factor in species selection. use a single species for multiple or new medians. segments then change between • Overarching principles affecting sub-precinct boundaries, or consider the planting plan include: the use of two alternating species • Enhance the character of park of similar form, scale and colour. Long term planting plan: This strategy perimeter streets through plantings In narrow streets and where there provides the long-term direction for planting that respond to the character and are powerlines on one side only use in the precinct scale of the park perimeter. asymmetrical plantings of different • Maximise the potential for species on each side of the street. tree canopy where planting When appropriate, use informal opportunities are limited. mixes of species along perimeters of parks and gardens or where • Enhance the connections of the vegetation from private gardens streetscape to the ecology of overhangs the streets. the Yarra and Maribrynong River corridors and Westgate Park, These illustrations provide an and connections to adjacent example of how these three aspects municipalities. would apply in a particular street. • Create streets that provide connections between open spaces. • Incorporate diversity, colour and seasonal change into species selections. 10-year planting plan: New and replacement planting is to occur across Fishermans bend 46 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 47
Map 8: long term planting plan LEGEND Native / indigenous Street with low voltage power species lines Large deciduous species Street with high voltage power lines Large evergreen species Port of Melbourne Corporation Medium evergreen species land. Section of land not Street redesign mananged or maintained by opportunities City of Melbourne Existing roundabout Parks Victoria management / proposed landmark specimen trees Port of Melbourne Corporation road under construction 48 City of Melbourne Fishermans Bend Urban Forest Precinct Plan 2015 - 2025 City of Melbourne 49
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