Environmental Product Declaration for Preparation Paints
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Environmental Product Declaration for Preparation Paints Undercoats, Sealers and Primers EPD registration number: S-P-00861 Version: 1.1 of 25/05/2017 Approval date: 25/11/2016 Valid until: 25/11/2021 Reference year: 1/10/2014 to 31/09/2015 Geographical scope: Australia
CONTENTS
1 About this EPD
2 About Dulux
3 Supporting Sustainable
Construction in Australia
4 Product Stewardship
5 Dulux Paint Life Cycle
6 Our Products
8 Technical Information
9 System Boundaries
11 Key Assumptions for the LCA
12 Environmental Indicators
13 Interpretation
14 Results of Assessment
16 Glossary and References
Green Star Compliant
✔ Complies with ISO 14025 and EN 15804
✔ Is independently verified
✔ Has a cradle-to-gate scope (with options)
✔ Is product-specific
Cover photography by Jasmin Latona of the
Glenorchy Art and Sculpture Park, Hobart.
ABOUT THIS EPD
What is an EPD?
Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) are like nutrition labels – they provide a transparent, multi-faceted overview of the
environmental performance of a product during its life cycle.
Our intention in providing these EPDs is to present the potential environmental impacts for a range of preparation, broad-wall
and ceiling paints. The three paint ranges are presented in three separate EPDs such that they can be combined to calculate
the impacts of a full paint system.
EPDs within the same product category from different programs may not be comparable. EPDs of construction products may
not be comparable if they do not comply with EN 15804.
Declaration owner
DuluxGroup (Australia) Pty Ltd
www.dulux.com.au/trade
sustainability@duluxgroup.com.au
1956 Dandenong Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
EPD produced by
thinkstep Pty Ltd
www.thinkstep.com
anz@thinkstep.com
25 Jubilee Street, Perth, Western Australia 6151, Australia
EPD programme operator
The Australasian EPD® Programme Limited
www.epd-australasia.com
info@epd-australasia.com
c/o Enviro-Mark Solutions Ltd
PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand
CEN standard EN 15804 served as the core PCR
PCR PCR 2012:01 Construction products and Construction
services, Version 2.01, 2016–03–09
PCR review was conducted by: The Technical Committee of the International EPD® System
Chair: Massimo Marino
Contact via info@environdec.com
Independent verification of the declaration EPD process certification (Internal)
and data, according to ISO 14025: ✔ EPD verification (External)
Third party verifier Rob Rouwette (start2see Pty Ltd)
www.start2see.com.au
Rob.Rouwette@start2see.com.au
Accredited or approved by: The Australasian EPD® Programme
Environmental Product Declaration | 1
ABOUT DULUX
Dulux Australia (hereafter ‘Dulux’) is a division of DuluxGroup (Australia) Pty Ltd.
We are a leading Australian-based marketer and manufacturer of premium
branded products that enhance, protect and maintain the places and spaces
in which people live and work.
Our core purpose is to work with consumers to imagine Community involvement and our people
and create a Better Place. In doing so, Dulux recognises As an Australian manufacturer, we are proud to contribute
that sustainable management of our financial, environmental to local employment and add to the prosperity of the
and social impacts is fundamental to the success and well- communities in which we operate.
being of our business and our stakeholders.
Dulux has a community participation program that provides
Our Safety and Sustainability policy describes our vision all employees with paid leave to participate in community
of ‘A Future Without Harm’ and expresses our commitment volunteer work.
to continually improve the safety, health, environmental and
community impacts associated with our products, operations We also support community activities including the
and people. Australian Men’s Shed Association (AMSA), Clean-up
Australia day, the ‘Paint for a Mate’ program in partnership
Memberships with Legacy, and we donate and help paint Surf Life Saving
Dulux is a member of the Green Building Council of Clubs around Australia.
Australia (GBCA) and a founding member of the Australian
Supply Chain Sustainability School (ACSC). The ACSC
is a program established by the construction industry to
raise sustainability knowledge and competencies across
the entire supply chain. ACSC provides an online learning
forum designed to help the construction sector assess and
improve their knowledge of sustainability issues facing
our industry.
2 | Environmental Product Declaration
SUPPORTING SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
IN AUSTRALIA
Dulux strives to provide products that are integral to the design and environmental performance of major construction projects
in Australia. Colour selection and detail can enhance a building. The ability to provide that colour in a high quality and durable
coating system is critical to the design intent and success of the built environment created. Dulux provides paint on many of
Australia’s major and iconic assets in markets such as Health, Education, Infrastructure and Commercial and Residential.
Below are some examples recent projects painted with Dulux paints.
Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne One Central Park, Sydney
Photograph by Shannon McGrath Photograph by John Gollings
Melbourne School of Design, The University of Melbourne The Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne
Photograph by John Gollings Photograph by John Gollings
Environmental Product Declaration | 3
PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP
Dulux produces paint products primarily at our Rocklea facility in Queensland.
We take raw materials such as polymers, pigments and extenders and
manufacture them into packaged paint products. These are then distributed
throughout Australia via an integrated warehouse and stores system. Once
purchased, product is applied and then empty paint packaging can be
disposed to landfill or recycled. An illustration of the Dulux paint life
cycle is shown opposite.
Product development Dulux businesses and comprises safety and sustainability
Our research and development programs enable us to develop procedures, tools, data management systems and an audit
coatings that deliver a Better Place by improving the aesthetics, program to verify environmental performance standards.
durability, functionality and lifespan of our consumer’s assets. Over the past five years, our production facility has achieved
We aim to design products that minimise environmental some significant improvements in environmental performance
impacts throughout the lifecycle from raw material sourcing, including implementation of site recycling programs that
through production, use and post-consumer disposal. have delivered a 22% reduction in waste to landfill.
Dulux has a strong history of developing innovative solutions Post-consumer waste management program
that contribute to more sustainable outcomes throughout Dulux is one of the founding members of the Paintback®
the paint life cycle. We led the market in developing the product stewardship scheme, which aims to reduce post-
first carbon neutral paint, certified under the Australian consumer paint and packaging waste to landfill and to
Government’s former Greenhouse Friendly program and support responsible management of waste paint and
have worked pro-actively to provide high-performance, packaging. Paintback® is establishing sites across Australia
low VOC water-based products to the market. to collect, transport and recycle waste paint and packaging
from domestic and trade customers. The scheme commenced
Management of manufacturing operations in May 2016, with 14 collection sites and a vision to grow
Dulux manages the sustainability performance of our service coverage to 85% of the Australian population
operations through an integrated safety and sustainability by 2021.
management system. The system is implemented across all
4 | Environmental Product Declaration
DULUX PAINT LIFE CYCLE
Extracting Raw Materials Paint
Materials Processing Manufacturing
Transport of Paint Transport of Paint
to Outlet to Warehouse
Paint Paint Paint and Packaging
Purchased Application End of Life
Environmental Product Declaration | 5
OUR PRODUCTS
Dulux Preparation Paints Dulux Professional® Total Prep: A high quality all-in-one acrylic
Dulux offers a range of highly effective products to seal, primer/sealer/undercoat. Suitable for use on almost all interior
prime and undercoat surfaces in preparation for Dulux and exterior surfaces.
high performance top coat products.
The properties of these preparation paints are shown in
Dulux Acrylic Sealer Undercoat: A low VOC (
Environmental Product Declaration | 7
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Product Category Rules (PCR)
The product category rules ‘PCR 2012:01 Construction Products and Construction Services’ (IEPDS 2016) has been used
as the core set of rules, in accordance with European standard EN 15804. Where this was not specific enough to paint,
‘PCR 2014:05 Paints, Varnishes and Related Products’ has been applied to fill any gaps (IEPDS 2014).
Declared unit
This EPD is valid for a declared unit of 1m2 of coated surface using the number of coats recommended by AS/NZS 2311:2009
(as shown in Table 1 on page 6).
Industry classification
Product Classification Code Category
All UN CPC Ver.2 35110 Paints and varnishes and related products
ANZSIC 2006 C191600 Paint and Coatings Manufacturing
Scope
This EPD is of the ‘cradle-to-gate’ type with options. It includes EN 15804 modules A1–A5, C2, C4 and D (see Table 2).
These modules are for paint production (A1–A3), transport to customer (A4), paint application (A5), end-of-life transport (C2),
disposal (C4) and recycling potential for future product systems (D).
Other life cycle stages (modules B1–B7 and C1, C3) are dependent on particular scenarios and best modelled
at the building level.
Using this EPD
Dulux has produced three EPDs: preparation paints (primers, sealers and undercoats), broad-wall paints and ceiling paints.
All EPDs declare the impacts of 1m2 of painted surface, assuming the recommended number of coats and typical coverage rates.
To calculate the impacts of a paint system, locate the results tables for both your prep coat and top coat and then add together
the numbers (i.e. preparation + topcoat) for each module separately (A1– A3, A4, A5, etc.).
If you would prefer to access the data within a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) software tool, please contact
sustainability@duluxgroup.com.au
8 | Environmental Product DeclarationSYSTEM BOUNDARIES
Table 2: Modules included in the scope of the EPD
Benefits
and loads
beyond
Construction the
process system
Product stage stage Use stage End of life stage boundary
Transport to waste processing
Deconstruction/demolition
Transport of raw materials
Construction/installation
Operational energy use
Operational water use
Transport to customer
Raw material supply
Waste processing
Manufacturing
Refurbishment
Maintenance
Replacement
Recycling-
Recovery-
potential
Disposal
Repair
Reuse-
Use
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
X X X X X MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND X MND X X
X = included; MND = module not declared (such a declaration shall not be regarded as an indicator result of zero)
Production (Module A1–A3)
The production stage includes extraction and processing of raw materials, transport to Dulux, paint manufacture and packaging.
All paints in this EPD assume production by Dulux at our primary production facility in Rocklea, Queensland. Paint manufacture
involves mixing of carefully selected and measured ingredients to ensure that the paint meets desired properties.
The results in this EPD are reported for the largest packaging size available, as this is the size class intended for commercial
painters. The packaging material (tinplated steel or polypropylene) and size (in litres) is noted above each results table later in this
EPD. If the potential environmental impacts of alternative packaging sizes fall within ±10% for modules A1–A3, this is also noted
above the table. In these cases, the results for the declared packaging size also apply to these alternative packaging sizes for
modules A1–A3.
Environmental Product Declaration | 9SYSTEM BOUNDARIES CONTINUED Distribution to Customer (Module A4) Packaged paint is distributed to a typical Australian customer via distribution hubs and then either (1) couriered to customer, or (2) collected by the customer from a store, for example a Dulux Trade Centre or other paint stockist. Product couriered to customer assumes delivery by a diesel van or light truck. Product collected in-store assumes that the customer travels 18km (round-trip) in a diesel van. Where a given paint must be tinted before use, the typical volume of tinter is included within Module A4, as is electricity for mixing the tinter, plus disposal of tinter packaging. Application (Module A5) Paint is applied to the surface (e.g. a wall or ceiling). Paint waste rates can vary significantly by the type of painter and project (e.g. commercial vs. DIY). The waste rates in this EPD assume a commercial painting scenario and are based on values measured by one of Dulux’s professional painters onto plasterboard in a controlled test environment. Under these conditions, a total of 1.5% of the paint was lost during application (assuming a 15L pail), of which 1% was left in the pail and is assumed to be landfilled and 0.5% was left on the roller and is assumed to go to waste water treatment following washing. While not included in this EPD, the use of an EnviroWash water treatment unit would reduce the amount of paint waste discharged to waste water. Dulux is a member of Paintback® and is investigating all available options for increasing paint recycling. Currently the recycling rate for leftover paint is relatively low at a national level and it is all assumed to be landfilled within this study as a conservative approach. Based on Australian average recycling rates for steel cans and polypropylene packaging, 41% of all tinplated steel pails and 22.5% of all polypropylene pails are assumed to be recycled respectively, with the remainder landfilled (APC 2015). No recycling data specific to paint packaging in Australia was available at the time of publication. End of Life (Module C) The end-of-life module covers disposal of remnant paint on a surface when that surface reaches the end of its useful life, e.g. during building renovation or demolition. In Australia, such waste materials are typically disposed of in a landfill. Module C2 includes transport of the waste paint to landfill and Module C4 is disposal in landfill. Recovery and Recycling Potential (Module D) Module D includes the potential loads and benefits from recycling paint pails at end-of-life. 10 | Environmental Product Declaration
KEY ASSUMPTIONS FOR THE LCA
Data for core processes: Primary (specific) data were Cut off criteria: Environmental impacts relating to personnel,
used for all manufacturing operations at Dulux’s Rocklea plant. infrastructure, and production equipment not directly consumed
Data are an average for the year from October 2014 to in the process are excluded from the system boundary as per
September 2015. the PCR (IEPDS 2016, section 6.5.4). All other reported data
were incorporated and modelled using the best available life
Data for upstream and ownstream processes: cycle inventory data.
Secondary (generic) data from the GaBi Life Cycle Inventory
Database 2016 (thinkstep 2016) and the European Life Cycle Allocation: Where subdivision of processes was not
Database (ELCD 2016) were used for all energy inputs, raw possible, the allocation rules listed in PCR chapter 6.7 have
materials and transport processes. Most datasets have a been applied. Allocation was primarily done by volume or
reference year between 2012 and 2015 and all fall within mass, e.g. manufacturing overheads were attributed to the
the 10 year limit for generic data under EN 15804. various paints based on their volume.
Geographical representativeness: Data for energy and
transport correctly reflect Australian conditions. Most upstream
(supply chain) data used were from the USA and Europe due to
a lack of consistent life cycle inventory data for Australia at the
time this study was conducted. The titanium dioxide data from
the TDMA reflects global average production (ELCD 2016)
and is considered best available data to produce a paint EPD.
VOC emissions in module A5: EN 15804 Annex C
does not contain a characterisation factor for generic non-
methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) for use
during paint application and drying. Given this, a factor
0.15 kg C2H4-equivalent/kg NMVOC has been applied
for the indicator photochemical ozone creation potential
(POCP). This factor is provided by Leiden University’s Institute
of Environmental Sciences (CML 2013) and was chosen
because it is fully consistent with the POCP method applied
in EN 15804.
Electricity: Electricity for production is based on the average
Queensland electricity mix. Electricity for warehousing, tinting/
mixing in-store and end-of-life assume the average Australian
electricity mix as these downstream scenarios are designed
to reflect a typical customer.
Environmental Product Declaration | 11ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
An introduction to each environmental indicator is provided below. The best-known effect of each indicator is listed
to the right of its name.
Note: All indicators represent the potential to cause environmental impacts; they do not predict if specific environmental
thresholds, safety margins or risks will be exceeded. The actual impacts on the environment typically depend upon local,
regional and/or global conditions.
Global Warming Potential (GWP) > Climate Change
A measure of greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide and methane.
These emissions increase absorption of radiation emitted by the earth, intensifying
the natural greenhouse effect.
Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) > Ozone Hole
A measure of greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide and methane. These
emissions increase absorption of radiation emitted by the earth, intensifying the natural
greenhouse effect.
Acidification Potential (AP) > Acid Rain
A measure of emissions that cause acidifying effects to the environment. Acidification
potential is a measure of a molecule’s capacity to increase the hydrogen ion (H+)
concentration in the presence of water, thus decreasing the pH value. Potential effects
include fish mortality, forest decline and the deterioration of building materials.
Eutrophication Potential (EP) > Algal Blooms
A measure of nutrient enrichment that may cause an undesirable shift in species
composition and elevated biomass production in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
It includes potential impacts of excessively high levels of macronutrients, the most important
of which are nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) > Smog
A measure of emissions of precursors that contribute to ground level smog formation
(mainly ozone O3), produced by the reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and carbon monoxide in the presence of nitrogen oxides under the influence of UV light.
Ground level ozone may be harmful to human and ecosystem health and may also
damage crops.
Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP) > Resource Consumption
The consumption of non-renewable resources leads to a decrease in the future availability
of the functions supplied by these resources. Depletion of mineral resource elements
(ADPE) and non-renewable fossil energy resources (ADPF) are reported separately.
12 | Environmental Product DeclarationINTERPRETATION
The chart below presents the life cycle of the highest selling product within this EPD, Dulux Professional® Total Prep,
to give an indication of the life cycle stages that contribute most to the environmental impacts of Dulux paint.
The results are normalised to 100% for each environmental indicator. Only the life cycle modules assessed in this EPD are shown.
Module D has been excluded as it represents potential benefits and loads for future product systems and is therefore outside the
system boundary for Dulux paints.
As can be seen, the impacts of producing the paint are most significant to total life cycle performance, while other life cycle
stages have relatively small contributions, except for POCP (summer smog) where paint application is most important.
Figure 1: Potential environmental impacts of Dulux Professional® Total Prep
-20% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Climate change (GWP)
Ozone layer depletion (ODP)
Acidification (AP)
Eutrophication (EP)
Summer smog (POCP)
Mineral depletion (ADPE)
Fossil fuel depletion (ADPF)
Production (A1– A3) Distribution (A4) Application (A5)
Waste Transport (C2) Waste Separation (C3) Disposal (C4)
Care should be taken when comparing EPDs. Especially in the case of paint EPDs, given the importance of secondary data
(e.g. titanium dioxide), comparisons should not be made if the EPDs use different data sources.
Overall, the most important factors to consider when comparing two paint EPDs are that they:
1. Cover paints with the same:
a. Functionality, i.e. they meet the same minimum performance requirements;
b. Application environment (e.g. interior paints applied on plasterboard);
c. Colour and gloss level; and
d. Number of coats applied per m2.
2. Have the same functional unit. This EPD uses m2 at the number of coats required under AS/NZS 2311:2009.
3. Follow the same product category rules. This EPD follows PCR 2012:01 and EN 15804.
4. For raw materials (particularly titanium dioxide and monomers), they use either:
a. Primary data directly from suppliers; or
b. The same secondary data source (i.e. same database or literature source).
Specifically, the dataset for titanium dioxide used in this EPD was compiled by the Titanium Dioxide Manufacturers Association
(TDMA) and is published in the European Life Cycle Database (ELCD 2016). Datasets for monomers, extenders and pigments
were sourced from the GaBi Life Cycle Inventory Database 2016 (thinkstep 2016).
Environmental Product Declaration | 13RESULTS OF ASSESSMENT
Dulux Acrylic Sealer Undercoat
Results for 15L tinplate packaging.
Additional
Production Distribution Application End-of-life Info.
Environmental impact Unit A1-A3 A4 A5 C2 C4 D
Global warming potential kg CO2-eq. 1.90E-01 1.27E-02 3.45E-03 2.76E-04 2.17E-03 -2.20E-03
Depletion potential of the stratospheric kg CFC11- 6.94E-09 6.13E-15 1.06E-10 1.37E-16 4.15E-14 1.11E-14
ozone layer eq.
Acidification potential of land and kg SO2-eq. 2.24E-03 5.00E-05 3.68E-05 1.21E-06 2.96E-05 -1.50E-06
water
Eutrophication potential kg PO43-eq. 2.19E-04 1.12E-05 3.99E-06 2.84E-07 1.32E-05 7.37E-08
Photochemical ozone creation kg C2H4-eq. 9.22E-05 -1.22E-05 2.03E-05 -4.23E-07 1.35E-05 -9.69E-07
potential
Abiotic depletion potential – elements kg Sb-eq. 9.50E-07 3.02E-10 1.45E-08 6.24E-12 8.31E-10 2.07E-10
Abiotic depletion potential – fossil fuels MJ 3.21E+00 1.73E-01 5.64E-02 3.78E-03 3.28E-02 -1.98E-02
Resource use Unit A1-A3 A4 A5 C2 C4 D
Renewable primary energy as energy MJ 7.42E-02 5.00E-03 1.53E-03 1.02E-04 2.13E-03 1.22E-03
carrier
Renewable primary energy resources MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
as material utilization
Total use of renewable primary energy MJ 7.42E-02 5.00E-03 1.53E-03 1.02E-04 2.13E-03 1.22E-03
resources
Non-renewable primary energy as MJ 3.38E+00 1.73E-01 5.90E-02 3.78E-03 3.36E-02 -1.88E-02
energy carrier
Non-renewable primary energy as MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
material utilization
Total use of non-renewable primary MJ 3.38E+00 1.73E-01 5.90E-02 3.78E-03 3.36E-02 -1.88E-02
energy resources
Use of secondary material kg 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Use of renewable secondary fuels MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Use of non-renewable secondary fuels MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Use of net fresh water m 3
7.23E-04 7.70E-06 1.19E-05 1.06E-07 5.18E-06 -1.61E-06
Waste categories and output flows Unit A1-A3 A4 A5 C2 C4 D
Hazardous waste disposed kg 3.53E-06 5.43E-09 5.39E-08 1.23E-10 6.44E-11 -3.04E-11
Non-hazardous waste disposed kg 2.20E-03 7.60E-06 4.23E-03 1.35E-07 4.82E-02 -3.51E-05
Radioactive waste disposed kg 2.28E-05 2.85E-08 3.79E-07 6.33E-10 3.42E-07 4.00E-07
Components for re-use kg 4.82E-04 0.00E+00 7.34E-06 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Materials for recycling kg 4.31E-03 0.00E+00 2.39E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Materials for energy recovery kg 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Exported electrical energy MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Exported thermal energy MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
14 | Environmental Product DeclarationDulux Professional® Total Prep
Results for 15L polypropylene packaging.
Additional
Production Distribution Application End-of-life Info.
Environmental impact Unit A1-A3 A4 A5 C2 C4 D
Global warming potential kg CO2-eq. 2.08E-01 1.42E-02 4.14E-03 3.01E-04 2.37E-03 -1.16E-03
Depletion potential of the stratospheric kg CFC11- 7.98E-09 6.82E-15 1.22E-10 1.50E-16 4.53E-14 -1.03E-13
ozone layer eq.
Acidification potential of land and kg SO2-eq. 2.57E-03 5.56E-05 4.56E-05 1.32E-06 3.24E-05 -2.11E-06
water
Eutrophication potential kg PO43-- eq. 2.48E-04 1.24E-05 5.48E-06 3.11E-07 1.44E-05 -2.13E-07
Photochemical ozone creation kg C2H4-eq. 1.03E-04 -1.35E-05 4.00E-04 -4.63E-07 1.47E-05 -3.60E-07
potential
Abiotic depletion potential – elements kg Sb-eq. 1.09E-06 3.36E-10 1.68E-08 6.81E-12 9.07E-10 -3.79E-10
Abiotic depletion potential – fossil fuels MJ 3.76E+00 1.93E-01 6.69E-02 4.13E-03 3.58E-02 -4.52E-02
Resource use Unit A1-A3 A4 A5 C2 C4 D
Renewable primary energy as energy MJ 7.74E-02 5.57E-03 2.15E-03 1.11E-04 2.33E-03 -1.13E-03
carrier
Renewable primary energy resources MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
as material utilization
Total use of renewable primary energy MJ 7.74E-02 5.57E-03 2.15E-03 1.11E-04 2.33E-03 -1.13E-03
resources
Non-renewable primary energy as MJ 3.95E+00 1.93E-01 7.08E-02 4.13E-03 3.67E-02 -4.64E-02
energy carrier
Non-renewable primary energy as MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
material utilization
Total use of non-renewable primary MJ 3.95E+00 1.93E-01 7.08E-02 4.13E-03 3.67E-02 -4.64E-02
energy resources
Use of secondary material kg 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Use of renewable secondary fuels MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Use of non-renewable secondary fuels MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Use of net fresh water m 3
8.08E-04 8.66E-06 1.42E-05 1.16E-07 5.65E-06 -5.19E-06
Waste categories and output flows Unit A1-A3 A4 A5 C2 C4 D
Hazardous waste disposed kg 4.04E-06 6.04E-09 6.16E-08 1.35E-10 7.03E-11 -1.61E-11
Non-hazardous waste disposed kg 2.39E-03 8.51E-06 3.82E-03 1.47E-07 5.26E-02 -4.82E-06
Radioactive waste disposed kg 2.59E-05 3.17E-08 8.01E-07 6.91E-10 3.74E-07 -4.42E-07
Components for re-use kg 5.51E-04 0.00E+00 8.40E-06 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Materials for recycling kg 4.93E-03 0.00E+00 8.81E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Materials for energy recovery kg 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Exported electrical energy MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Exported thermal energy MJ 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
Environmental Product Declaration | 15GLOSSARY AND REFERENCE
ADPE Abiotic Depletion Potential – Elements APC (2015). National Recycling and Recovery Surveys (NRRS)
for 2014-15: “Paper Packaging, Glass Containers, Steel Cans
ADPF Abiotic Depletion Potential – Fossil Fuels
and Aluminium Packaging” and “Plastics Packaging”. Prepared
AP Acidification Potential for the Australian Packaging Covenant. Available:
www.packagingcovenant.org.au/pages/apc-recycling-data.html
ELCD European reference Life Cycle Database
AS/NZS 2311:2009. Guide to the painting of buildings.
EP Eutrophication Potential
Sydney: Standards Australia.
EPD Environmental Product Declaration
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