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            Village
                August 2021

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Commentary
                                                               After the water crisis and the pandemic,
                                                                             what’s next?
                                                                                         By Paul Rozycki
                                                                It looked like the Flint water               The pandemic
                                                         crisis was over…and it wasn’t.
    Vol. LIX No. 8 August 2021                                  It looked like the pandemic                As we entered the summer
                                                         was over...and it wasn’t.                 many of us were ready to drop our
             Founder Gary P. Custer                                                                masks, get out of the house, and
  Managing Editor   Tom Travis                                     The water crisis                resume something that resembled
  Consulting Editor Jan Worth-Nelson                                                               a normal life. The dramatic drop in
  Consulting Editor Ted Nelson                                   In Flint, as July ended, nearly   the number of new COVID cases
         Reporters  Harold C. Ford                       all of the lead pipes in the city had     and hospitalizations seemed to justi-
                    Madeleine Graham
                    Patsy Isenberg                       been replaced, a court settlement         fy that view.
                    Melodee Mabbitt                      was on track, lead levels were at                 Then along came the delta
                    Coner Segren                         record lows, and it seemed that the       variant, which is more contagious,
          Columnist Paul Rozycki                         seven years of the Flint water crisis     that began to infect those who had
       Photographer Edwin D. Custer                                                                not been vaccinated. A surprising
                                                         might be behind us.
                                                                 Then the newly installed          number of young people were being
            Distribution Staff                           pipes on Court Street began fail-         hit with the virus, in sharp contrast
Director: Edwin D. Custer. Staff: Sue Bailey, Kim
Bargy, Jacob Blumner, Connor Coyne & Ruby                ing, flooding the neighborhood            to last year, when it was mostly
Coyne, Casey Custer, Caroline Fechik, Christine
& Patrick Figgins, Marabeth Foreman, Charlie &
                                                         with water, and creating huge sink-       older individuals who had to worry.
Linda & Patrick & Terrance & Christan & Jillianne        holes in the middle of the newly          As vaccination rates lagged, there
Goldsberry, Patsy Isenberg, Carol Larzelere Kell-                                                  was a fear of a fourth wave of the
ermann, Stephen Kellermann, Jo Larzelere, Mary
                                                         paved road. Arguments over who
LeRoy, James & Lillian & Livia Londrigan, Alan &         is to blame, and who is to pay may        virus. Distrust caused as many as
Julie Lynch, Ron & Mary Meeker, Robert & Nancy           go on for some time.                      a third of all Americans to remain
Meszko, Ted Nelson, Dave & Becky Pettengill,
Dick & Betty Ramsdell, Julian Rodriquez, Paul                    Then a group of Flint resi-       hesitant about getting the vaccine.
Rozycki, Mike Spleet, Kim & Ronan & Jude Streby,         dents, led by former Mayor Karen          Los Angeles and other cities began
Holly West, and Karen Wilkinson.
                                                         Weaver, objected to the proposed          to require masks again, and many
            Board of Trustees                                                                      worried about what the start of the
       • FaLessia Booker • Edwin D. Custer               $641 million water crisis settlement
           • Alec Gibbs • Jack D. Minore                 as it went to U.S. District Court         new school year might bring for
        • Paul Rozycki • Jan Worth-Nelson                                                          young students, who hadn’t, or
                                                         Judge Judith Levy for approval.
              720 E. Second St.
              Flint, Mich. 48503                         They felt that the amount of money        couldn’t, get the shot.
                (810) 233-7459                           allocated wasn’t truly enough to                  The distrust between the
                   Website:                              compensate those Flint residents          Democratic governor and the
           eastvillagemagazine.org                       who had been harmed by the water          Republican state legislature caused
                    E-mail:
    eastvillagemagazineflint@gmail.com                   crisis. They also objected to the         the lawmakers to approve proposals
                                                         proposed $202 million in fees for         that would limit the governor’s abil-
Layout by Patsy Isenberg. Printing by Riegle Press
Inc., 1282 N. Gale Rd., Davison, Mich. 48423.            the attorneys who led the lawsuits        ity to react to future emergencies or
East Village Magazine is a program of the Village
                                                         against the city and others involved      pandemics.
Information Center Inc., a nonprofit corporation. We     in the litigation.                                It looked like the pandemic
welcome material from readers, but all submis-
sions become the property of the publication and if              Recently, when announcing         was over … and it wasn’t.
published will be edited to conform to the editorial     the positive news of lower lead
style and policies of the publication. All inquiries
about the publication should be mailed to East Vil-      levels for Flint water, Liesl Clark,                 What’s next?
lage Magazine, Village Information Center, 720 E.        director of the Michigan Depart-
Second St., Flint, Mich. 48503. Distribution is the
first Thursday of each month. Display advertising        ment of Environment, Great Lakes                With those things in mind,
rates are $34 a column-inch plus any other costs.        and Energy (EGLE) said “We                it may be even more unsettling to
Unclassified ads are $2.50 a printed line or part of a
printed line. Rates subject to change without notice.    know that trust was broken.”              look at other worries on the hori-
The deadline for advertising is 10 days before each                                                zon. And as we try to move beyond
publication date.
                                                                 It looked like the water
                                                         crisis was over … and it wasn’t.          the pandemic, and the water crisis,
© 2021 East Village Magazine
                                                                                                                      (Continued on Page 16.)

                                                                    Cover: Charles W. Parker Carousel at Crossroads Village
                                                                           3
Photo of the Month: Battle Alley, Crossroads Village                      (Photo by Edwin D. Custer)

                          Education Beat
   Mott Foundation CEO White pauses, then restores, grants to
   Flint Schools. Public comments at packed ed board meeting
                    signal community division.
                                                By Harold C. Ford
       The dramatic twists and turns          White then reversed himself and      from Board members relating to her
reflected by and from the leadership    announced a restoration of FCS grant       communications with, and dissemi-
teams — elected and appointed —         funding the next day on July 22.           nation of information to, the Board of
at Flint Community Schools (FCS)                                                   Education members …”
deepened when Ridgway White, CEO            FCS board’s restrictions on                   The board “further resolved
of the Flint-based C. S. Mott Founda-       its superintendent leads to            that the Superintendent must cease all
tion, announced a pause of FCS grant               grants pause                    communication, as well as meetings
funding on July 16.                                                                (in-person, virtually, or over the tele-
       A plan titled the Flint Educa-          “We must reluctantly pause          phone), with all partners and commu-
tion Continuum (FEC), spearheaded       all grants,” wrote White in a July 16      nity foundations as well as affiliates of
by the Mott Foundation, aiming to       memo to Carol McIntosh, FCS board          partners and community foundations,
renovate or replace all of Flint’s      president.                                 without the presence of the Board
school buildings and provide sup-              White reasoned that “commu-         President and his or her designee.”
portive programming, led indirectly     nity partners must be able to commu-              During a July 1, 2021 interview
to the pause.                           nicate with district leaders to ensure     with East Village Magazine, Steward
       The Flint Community’s division   smooth and effective programming.”         said: “I am extremely disappointed
over these developments was evident            A June 16, 2021 document titled     that we are in this space that we are
during a five-hour FCS Board of Edu-    “Flint Expectations of Superinten-         now. I have been completely transpar-
cation meeting in a packed auditorium   dent” signed by McIntosh, indicated        ent … I’m in a difficult space with at
of some 200 persons at FCS’ Acceler-    “Superintendent (Anita Steward) may        least four board members.”
ated Learning Academy on July 21.       not fully understand the expectations                             (Continued on Page 5.)

                                                           4
Clause, Jack the Ripper, Batman and              • Sonyita Clemons, Flint
        ... School Grant                     the Joker by herself … And if you        Central HS grad: I implore each of the
(Continued from Page 4.)                     can’t come together President McIn-      (board) members to come out to the
        A July 20, 2021 memo posted          tosh, with the superintendent being      schools to see what the school direc-
by Steward at the district’s website         your blood, and you all can’t agree,     tors are doing, to understand from the
titled “FCS Programming Update,”             there’s something wrong with that        mouths of children how the program-
acknowledged that, “Grants that sup-         … If you don’t get on the ball and       ming is impacting them … We just
ported four of the district’s programs       put your pride and egos aside, you’re    want an opportunity for the children
and services have been paused.” As a         gonna’ lose, and these babies are        that attend Flint Community Schools
result, programming provided by the          losing … Care about our babies!”         … that matches, that rivals, that equals
Crim Fitness Foundation and Youth-                  • Malique Forward, 18:            everything else that is going on in the
Quest would not be available for                                                            county.”
the 2021-22 school year that starts                                                             • Margaret Fox, Flint
on Aug. 4 for FCS students.                                                                 Education Foundation board
                                                                                            member; former FCS educator:
       Divided public packs                                                                 “I’ve watched Flint’s student
           board meeting                                                                    enrollment decline from 25,000
                                                                                            students to under 4,000 students.
        Some 200 persons packed                                                             Students have left for other dis-
the July 21 meeting of the Flint                                                            tricts and charter schools causing
school panel at FCS’ Accelerated                                                            the district to close buildings
Learning Academy (formerly                                                                  … Currently, 10,000 kids, or
Scott School). The FEC may not                                                              78 percent of the City of Flint’s
have been on the agenda but it                                                              students are choosing to attend
was on the minds of citizens who A packed house of 200-plus crammed into the other schools … We must stop
chose to address the board at the auditorium of Walter Scott School on a hot and allowing this district to bleed
five-hour meeting.                                  sticky July 21 evening.                 students and funding … We can
                                                      (Photo by Tom Travis)
          Speakers supportive of                                                            create a solvent district but we
a FCS-Mott Foundation part-                                                                 have proven time and again we
nership:                                                                                    cannot do it without commu-
        • Marla Settle, grand-                                                              nity partners willing to help. I
mother that enrolled her grandson                                                           implore this board to work with
at Brownell where she works as                                                              the Mott Foundation … Families
an attendance clerk: “That last                                                             want stability, decent buildings,
meal from YouthQuest could                                                                  good teachers, competitive
be their only meal … That one                                                               technology, and opportunities for
YouthQuest worker could keep a                                                              their kids … We have an oppor-
student from committing suicide                                                             tunity to provide these things for
… It is not fair to the parents nor                                                         our students if this board would
to the students to rip YouthQuest                                                           allow the district to engage in
and Crim from them because we                                                               conversations with the Mott
can’t come together and agree          Flint Community School Board members listen          Foundation.”
on something … give them               as residents share their comments. Board Mem-            • Lauren Holaly-Zembo,
schools that have air because we        bers Diana Wright (front), Adrian Walker (black     Crim Fitness Foundation CEO:
have asthmatic babies that could           mask), Joyce Ellis-McNeil (background).          “As part of the 2012 Flint
pass out … That’s all Flint’s                         (Photo by Tom Travis)                 Master Plan in which over
board has been for our babies                                                               5,000 residents participated,
is unstable … How do you think                “What I’m hearing is the board is       the community requested the return
we feel bringing our babies in them           taking away (funding) from us, the      of community education. Then-su-
hot, boiling schools? They deserve            future … we are products of Flint       perintendent Larry Watkins asked
to walk into a building and have air          Community Schools and we’re             the Crim to lead this effort … In
… They deserve fine arts … They               doing good for ourselves … (Youth-      2014 with a grant provided by the
deserve a STEM lab. They deserve              Quest) that’s a big help in kids’ life  C. S. Mott Foundation we were able
computer labs … I don’t care if Su-           … That extra time could change          to pilot community education at the
perintendent Steward met with Santa           someone’s life after school.”                                   (Continued on Page 12.)

                                                                 5
Flint’s Housing Crisis predates recent crises, according to report
                               by UM – Flint professor
                                                By Madeleine Graham
      The Flint water crisis had no       housing here in Flint. Rather, the      homes with the intent to eventu-
discernible effect on Flint’s hous-       issue is more so one of income and      ally abandon them. They’ll rent
ing market, according to a recent         employment opportunities. In other      them out as long as possible with
report released by the University         words, it’s not that the homes are      a minimum level of maintenance,
of Michigan - Flint’s Victoria            too expensive, it’s that incomes are    then abandon once the properties
Morckel and Bernadette Hanlon             too low,” Morckel stated.               become uninhabitable — say, when
in the academic journal Housing                  Morckel explained that           something expensive like a roof
and Society.                              for housing to be affordable, the       needs to be replaced,” Morckel
                                          amount spent should not be more         stated.
                                          than 30 percent of one’s income.              Blight is symptomatic of
                                                 “The more housing costs,         depressed neighborhoods. “There is
                                          the fewer resources people have         not wide-spread blight (things like
                                          for other important things like         vacant homes missing windows) in
                                          transportation, health care, and        healthy housing markets,” Morckel
                                          education. It is also an issue when     stated.
                                          people, especially younger people,
                                          cannot afford to purchase a home.        Shrinking cities and the lasting
                                          They miss out on the financial ben-           impact of redlining
                                          efits of homeownership, like home
                                          equity, that accrue over time,”               “Also because Flint is a
                                          Morckel said.                           shrinking city located in a shrinking
                                                                                  metropolitan area, rehabilitating
                                          Flint’s impaired housing market
                                                exacerbates residents’
           Victoria Morckel                         ability to move
  Photo source: U of M - Flint Website
                                                 Flint’s impaired housing mar-
       According to the report,           ket exacerbates residents’ ability
published in March 2020, income           to move. “This decrease in relative
limitations, residential segregation,     value is a problem when a Flint
and past practices like redlining         homeowner decides to move to
restricted some Flint residents’ mo-      another community. The proceeds
bility long before the water crisis.      from the home sale may not come
Hanlon is the associate professor of      close to covering the cost of a simi-
city and regional planning at Ohio        lar home elsewhere,” Morckel said.
State University.                                Flint’s oversupply of housing
       Morckel is associate professor     is not unique. “Many small-to-mid-
of urban planning and public policy       sized cities in the Midwest face         Bernadette Hanlon is the associate
at UM-Flint. In an online interview       similar challenges with vacancy            professor of city and regional
                                                                                   planning at Ohio State University.
with East Village Magazine, she ex-       that stem from population loss,             Photo source: OSU website.
plained that prior to the water crisis,   deindustrialization, and suburban
Flint already had a severe lack of        sprawl,” Morckel said.                  homes does not solve the larger
housing demand, which contributed                There are many difficulties      problem. In some cases, rehabilita-
to residents’ perceptions of con-         with a shrinking city where popula-     tion merely shifts vacancy around
strained mobility.                        tion has declined. Developers have      from one neighborhood to another.”
       “Flint’s housing market is         no incentives to build new homes        Morckel stated.
one of the most affordable in the         due to supply costs exceeding po-             Redlining practices that
country, for an urban metropolitan        tential sales price.                    began in the 1930’s also have a
area,” said Morckel. “This is not                “When housing values are         lasting impact in cities like Flint.
to say that everyone can afford           extremely low, some investors buy                           (Continued on Page 18.)

                                                            6
THIS MONTH IN THE VILLAGE
   “This Month” highlights a selection of events available to our readers — beginning after our publication date of Aug 5. It is not an exhaustive
         list, rather a sampling of opportunities in the city, which, because of the restrictions starting to be lifted, are beginning to expand.
                            To submit events for our August issue, email your event to pisenber@gmail.com by August 20.

Flint Mural Plays                                 The Ultumate Led Zepplin Experience                  Buckham Gallery
Presented by Flint Repertory Theatre and          at The Capitol Theatre                               July 30 through Aug. 28
The Flint Public Art Project                      Friday, Aug. 13, 8 p.m.                              “Beastly Luster” by Kelly Boehmer shows
Continues through Aug. 31                         Zoso “perform the most accurate and                  her soft sculptures with tragic humor.
All around the city.                              captivating Led Zeppelin live show since             “No Dark in Sight” by Bill Davis
Listen to 25 new micro audio plays by             the real thing.”                                     demonstrates how artificial light occupies the
various playwrights, each corresponding           The Capitol Theatre                                  night with his photographs.
with a different mural around Flint. Listen       140 E. Second St., Flint                             “Penchant” is Devan Horton’s work
on the PixelStix app on phones or online at       For more info visit capitoltheatreflint.com          informing how waste is damaging our planet.
FlintRep.org. For more info                       or call 810-237-7333.                                Open Wed 11 a.m. - 5 p.m.
visit flintrep.org/flintmuralplays.               Tickets are $23-$41.                                 Thurs and Fri 11 a.m. - 6 p.m.
                                                                                                       Sat. 11 a.m. - 5 p.m.
Flint City Bucks Soccer Game                      Back to the Bricks                                   Sun. 1 p.m. - 5 p.m.
Saturday, Aug. 14 and 21, 7:30 p.m.               Saturday, Aug. 21                                    For more info visit buckhamgallery.org
National Champion (2019) Flint City               This popular event returns in downtown Flint.        or call 810-239-6233
Bucks against Inter Detroit FC on 8/14            There’s an opening ceremony at 10 a.m. hon-
and Detroit United on 8/21.                       oring veterans with patriotic music and a mili-      Art Walk
Atwood Stadium                                    tary fly-over. A Corvette Reunion at the Durant      This popular event continues in downtown
701 University Ave., Flint 48503                  Hotel with celebrity guests is planned. and the      Flint on the second Friday evening of
For more info visit                               classic cars displayed along Saginaw St.             each month from 6 to 9 p.m..
flintcitybucks.com/2021-schedule.                 For more info visit
                                                  backtothebricks.org
Flint Public Library Used Book Sale
Thursday, Aug. 19, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. at
Flint Farmers’ Market, Pavilion
The Friends of the Flint Public Library are
selling a variety of used books, CDs, DVDs
on the third Thursday of every month.
Flint Farmers’ Market
300 East First St., Flint
For more info visit fpl.info.

                                                         Ed Custer’s East Village Magazine logo
                                                     is reimagined for each issue by Patsy Isenberg.

                                                                           7
Sports Beat
                  Bucks booted From USL2 postseason playoffs
                           by 1-0 loss to Des Moines
                                                By Harold C. Ford

       “The reigning champions Flint    Reading United AC (PA) at Flint’s        the Bucks’ goal narrowly missing a
City Bucks have been eliminated out     Atwood Stadium on Aug. 3, 2019.          chance to give the Menace an early
of this year’s United States League     There was no league play in 2020         lead. Another shot by a Menace
Two.” —Ami Rabiai, game an-             due to the COVID-19 pandemic.            player went just wide right of the
nouncer, CISN (Central Iowa Sports             Des Moines entered the            Flint goal.
Network)                                playoffs as the top-ranked team in              A paucity of goalscoring in the
       The hometown team was            the USL2 Central Conference. Flint       first half of the Bucks’ 2021 regular
booted from the USL2 postseason         was seeded number five. Des Moines       season (seven games) resulted in a
playoffs by Des Moines 1-0, end-        finished the regular season with a       mediocre 3-2-2 record at the halfway
ing the Bucks’ chances for a repeat     record of 11-1-0 (wins-losses-ties) in   mark. The Flint club scored only nine
championship.                           the Heartland Division of the Central    goals in its first seven matches.
       A booming shot from the right    Conference.                                     The Bucks solved the offen-
foot of the Des Moines Menace’s                Flint’s regular season con-       sive drought in its last seven matches
Sivert Haugli evaded Flint goalkeep-    cluded at 9-3-2 in the Great Lakes       outscoring opponents 26-5 while
er Isaac Walker and landed in the       Division of the Central Conference.      posting a record of 6-0-1.
Flint City Bucks’ net at 52 minutes            Des Moines advanced to the
(52’) of the second half, eliminat-     semifinal match after winning its
ing the United States League Two        quarterfinal contest, 5-0, against
(USL2) champions from the postsea-      Texas United from the Mid South
son playoffs. Haugli’s goal was the     Division of the Central Conference.
only score of the match played July     The Bucks advanced with a 3-1
18 at Valley Stadium in Des Moines.     quarterfinal victory over Great Lakes
                                        Division rival Chicago FC (Football
                                        Club) United.
                                               Des Moines will now go to the              Friendlies remain
                                        Central Conference championship
                                        match against Kalamazoo FC which                Five friendly matches --
                                        prevailed against Mississippi Brilla     matches that don’t officially count
                                        FC on penalty kicks (4-1) after the      in league play -- remain for the Flint
                                        clubs were tied at the end of regula-    football (soccer) club in the 2021
                                        tion and two extra periods.              season:
                                                                                     • July 24, vs. Rebels FC,
                                           Lack of scoring dooms Flint’s                7:30 p.m.
                                              chances of advancing                   • July 14, vs. Inter Detroit
                                                                                        FC, 7:30 p.m.
                                               An inability to create solid          • August 21, Detroit United
                                        scoring opportunities in the match              FC, 7:30 p.m.
                                        against Des Moines doomed Flint’s            • September 11, Rebels FC,
                                        chances of advancing in postseason              7:30 p.m.
                                        play, The team achieved only one             • September 25, Detroit
 Sivert Haugli, Des Moines Menace;      shot on goal and one corner kick for            Union, 7:30 p.m.
     his score at 52’ eliminated
                                        the Flint side (club) in 90 minutes
      Flint from USL2 playoffs
        Photo credit: twitter.com;      of play.                                       Flint’s home matches are
     https://twitter.com/hauglisivert          Conversely, Des Moines            played at Atwood Stadium, 701
                                        registered three shots on goal and       University Ave., Flint, MI.
       The Bucks entered the playoffs   two corner kicks. And in the 29th
as the defending USL2 champi-           minute of the first half, Des Moines’    EVM Reporter Harold C. Ford can be
ons after a 1-0 extra time win over     Rechaun Walkes hit the left post of      reached at hcford1185@gmail.com.

                                                          8
Flint Home Improvement Fund offers low- and no-interest loans
       up to $20,000 to homeowners of all income levels
      Flint residents of all income     breaking partnership that I am so         residents and to support Habitat’s
levels can now apply for low- or        proud is being launched in our city       management of the program.
no-interest loans of up to $20,000      to help families, neighborhoods                  In addition, Michigan State
to make repairs or improvements         and the overall community.”               Housing Development Authority
to their homes.                               After Flint homeowners              (MSHDA) contributed $500,000
      Flint Home Improvement            apply to the Flint HIF, Genesee           from its Neighborhood Stabiliza-
Fund (Flint HIF) applications are       County Habitat for Humanity will          tion Program funds, which will be
available to pick up at the Habitat                                               used to help homeowners with low
Restore at 101 Burton St. in Flint                                                to moderate incomes make im-
from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Tuesdays                                                   provements and repairs.
through Saturdays, or may be                                                             Community Foundation of
downloaded from Flint-HIF.org.                                                    Greater Flint granted $15,000 in
         To be eligible, appli-         work with them to see which fund-         funding for staff support to facili-
cants must own and occupy a             ing applies to their income level         tate the loan program. In addition,
single-family home in the city of       and situation, as well as to answer       Huntington National Bank will
Flint as their primary residence.       questions.                                provide low-interest, unsecured
Funding is available for homeown-              “With sliding scale repay-         home improvement loans for all
ers of all income levels and is not     ment options on these low- to             income- and credit-qualifying bor-
contingent upon the assessed value      no-interest loans, there is no            rowers.
of a home.                              reason not to apply. Even if you                 Partners from the public,
      In addition, homeowners           don’t qualify now, we will work to        private and nonprofit sectors have
may not have to pay back the en-        find a way to put you in a position       come together to create and pro-
tire amount borrowed. The amount        where you can access these or             mote the Flint HIF, which will be
to be paid back will be determined      other funds to repair your home,”         managed by Genesee County Hab-
on a sliding scale based on house-      said Thomas Hutchison, executive          itat for Humanity. Other partners
hold income.                            director of Genesee County Habi-          include the City of Flint, Genesee
      “This is a golden opportuni-      tat for Humanity.                         County Land Bank Authority, and
ty for residents to be able to make            The fund draws funds from a        the Neighborhood Engagement
home improvements at a fraction         pool of resources. The Mott Foun-         Hub.
of the cost,” said Flint Mayor          dation granted $661,878 to pro-                  “This is a monumental step
Sheldon Neeley. “The Flint Home         vide funding for no-interest home         toward creating a system where
Improvement Fund is a ground-           repair loans for low-income Flint         all homeowners in the city of Flint

                          EVM file photo from the east side of Flint. (Photo by Tom Travis)

                                                           9
At five-year milestone Flint water tests at 3 ppb for lead - the lowest yet:
                EGLE says, “We know that trust was broken”
                                                    By Tom Travis
       “From EGLE’s perspective and
my own perspective, we know that
trust was broken. We know that what
we need to do is to deliver results to
the people of the City of Flint,” said
Liesl Clark, director of the Michigan
Department of Environment, Great
Lakes and Energy (EGLE).
       Clark made these comments
at a press conference Thursday on
the grounds of the Flint Water Plant,
4500 N. Dort Hwy. to announce the
lowest lead levels in the city’s drink-
ing water since the crisis began.

   Five-year milestone reached:
     “We won’t stop until the
           job is done”
     -- Mayor Sheldon Neeley

       Flint has reached “a five-year
milestone” by meeting drinking wa-
ter standards for lead and “recording          Mayor Sheldon Neeley announces Flint water tests at lowest point
                                                       in last five years coming in at 3 parts-per-billion.
its lowest lead levels since 2016,”
                                                                     (Photo by Tom Travis)
Mayor Sheldon Neeley and Clark an-
nounced. Neeley added, “We won’t        done. We have work to do with            and Copper Rule) Michigan law
stop until the job is done.”            lead line replacement and mak-           passed in 2018.
       “Let me be clear: no amount      ing sure we have potable water                    “The purpose of the Lead
of lead is safe. EGLE is committed      that our residents can feel safe to      and Copper Rule (LCR) is to protect
to Flint to make their water among      drink. It’s a long journey but we’re     public health by minimizing lead and
the safest and most reliable in the     getting there, every single day.”        copper levels in drinking water,” ac-
nation,” Clark said.                           “These measurements were          cording to the EGLE website. “Lead
       Clark said the City of Flint is  made using Michigan’s stricter mea-      and copper enter drinking water
testing (lead) at three parts-per-bil-  suring protocols that detect possible    mainly from corrosion of lead and
lion(ppb), in the 90th percentile. The  lead exposure from the service line as   copper containing plumbing materials.
federal regulation lead level is 15 ppb.well as immediately in the home,” she    The rule establishes action levels (AL)
       Neeley added, “We won’t          stated.                                  for lead and copper based on a 90th
stop until the job is completely               The City collected 71 samples,    percentile level of tap water samples.”
                                                        of which 51 were                    “LCR monitoring was held
                                                        from so called “Tier     to a higher standard than any city in
                                                        One” sites (single       the State. To be included in the final
                                                        family residences)       calculation the service line material
                                                        and 12 samples from      had to be physically confirmed to
                                                        Tier Two sites           have lead,” Clark explained.
                                                        (multi-family resi-                “Flint’s on track to complete
                                                        dences, apartment        the effort to eliminate lead from
                                                        buildings or business-   service lines later this year as part of
                                                        es). The Flint samples   a $97 million effort,” Clark stated.
                                                        were in compliance       She added that as of April 9, 2021
  Graphic source: EGLE’s July 22, 2021 press release    with the LCR (Lead                             (Continued on Page 11.)

                                                          10
... Milestone              to have their service lines checked
                                         and replaced to Friday, July 23. Clark
                                                                                    a “monitoring period” is every six
                                                                                    months from January to June and
(Continued from Page 10.)
                                         urged residents to participate in the      July to December.
Flint had completed 26,819 excava-       opt-in period.
tions and replaced 9,941 service lines          Flint’s water testing results can    $6 million chemical feed building
that were found to be lead.              be found at www.michigan.gov/flint-            will receive 500,000 gallons
       “More than 90% of the lead and    water.                                      of water per day - DPW director
galvanized steel service lines have             More information about Mich-
already been removed and replaced        igan’s new testing requirements and              Thursday’s press conference
with 9,912 copper service lines. In      results state-wide can be found at         took place in front of a new $6
addition, 16,838 existing lines have     www.michigan.gov/mileadsafe.               million Chemical Feed building that
been identified as being constructed                                                Michael Brown, director of the city’s
                                             Anticipated developments
                                           in the service line replacement

   EGLE Director, Liesl Clark,             Department of Public Works                   Water Plant Supervisor, Scott
   commends the City of Flint               Director, Michael Brown,                  Dungee, explains the purpose of
    for their work at reducing            speaks to reporters inside the              the new $6 million chemical feed
       lead in Flint’s water.             new $6 million chemical feed                  facility (seen in background).
       (Photo by Tom Travis)                 facility at the Dort Hwy.                     (Photo by Tom Travis)
                                                    Water Plant.
with copper pipe so replacement was              (Photo by Tom Travis)              Department of Public Works (DPW),
not necessary,” she said.                                                           said is expected to be “fully opera-
       Former Mayor Karen Weaver’s              Referencing the five-year mile-     tional by the end of the year.”
administration launched the FAST         stone, Clark listed future anticipated             DPW Director Brown ex-
Start pipe replacement project in        announcements forthcoming: “We             plained that the new water feed
March 2016, funded by $100 million       expect to announce the start-up of a       filtration building will be “taking
from the federal Water Infrastructure    safe, reliable second pipeline to Lake     about 500,000 gallons a day” from
Improvement for the Nation (WIIN)        Huron ... later this year we expect to     the Genesee County Drain Commis-
Act.                                     see the completion of the water ser-       sion water treatment plant (GCDC)
       The project continued with        vice line replacement program, and in      beginning August 2021.
Mayor Neeley’s administration in the     the Fall we expect to see the comple-              “In September we will change
Fall of 2019. Then the project was       tion of several other projects that will   that over to taking the full amount
waylaid by the coronavirus pandem-       help modernize the water treatment         of water through the plant to be able
ic. The FAST Start project resumed       system and distribution system.”           to isolate the GLWA [Great Lakes
in June 2020, as reported by EVM in             Flint has logged ten consec-        Water Authority -- the source of Flint
April 2021.                              utive monitoring periods, spanning         water] so we can do some repair on
                                         five consecutive years of lead and         valves on the GLWA side. We hope
   Opt-in period for service line        copper results that have consistently      that this plant will be up and running
      replacement extended               been below the EPA’s 15 ppb action         by the end of this year,” he said.
        to Friday, July 23               level for lead. These results also                 Brown explained, as he con-
                                         meet future standards in Michigan          ducted a tour for the media through
      The City of Flint has extended     that will reduce the action level to 12    the new chemical feed plant, that the
the opt-in period allowing residents     ppb. According to the EGLE website                              (Continued on Page 18)

                                                             11
... School Grant                going for the children … Our kids         that this board … is a middleman …
(Continued from Page 5.)                are not going to stay in a school         Why Mott can’t give us the money
                                        that doesn’t even provide the basic,      and we can hire the people we want.
Brownell-Holmes STEM Academy            essential services.”                      Why we gotta’ go through Crim. Crim
and soon other school principals                Speakers critical of a FCS-Mott   ain’t nothin’ but a pimp … Let’s get
requested funding at their buildings    Foundation partnership:                   off that plantation.”
… We support educators by allow-                • Victoria Marx: “I want to              • Claire McClinton, FCS
ing them to focus on teaching and       tell the board members, the four of       graduate, community activist:
learning while we support them by       you, to stand your ground. You’re not     “Would a partner pull the plug on a
focusing on services and programs to    being unreasonable in your request to     program you love? Nobody on this
help overcome barriers to learning.”    have someone else in these meetings.”     board decided to pull the plug on a
Holaly-Zembo said that Crim helps       She likened Ridgway White to a            program you love. Ridgway White
provide basic needs like food, clean    “benevolent puppeteer … schoolyard,       at the Mott Foundation pulled that
clothes, health care, toiletries, and   rich-kid, bully taking his ball home      plug. That is not partnership. When
transportation at low to no cost. She   because he doesn’t like the way the       the partner takes over your assets,
noted that during 2012-20 school        game is played. Mott has got its dirty    that’s not a partnership; you’re
year, nine of every ten FCS students    finger in everything in Flint and it      being controlled. We need to figure
were served by Crim programs.           needs to stop.”                           out who our friends are and our
       • Skyler Kelly: “My kids                 • Arthur Woodson: “Anita          enemies are.” McClinton and others
have been in Crim sports, they’ve       Steward, why are you not transparent?     advocated use of federal funds to
been in YouthQuest … and it was         If Ridgway cared about the students,      support programming.
all at no cost … We need to find        he wouldn’t have used this funding as            • Audrey Young, occupation-
a solution ... that keeps services      a puppet, as a tool … the sad part is                          (Continued on Page 14.)

                                              “This collaboration fits our        and work with outstanding part-
... Home Improvement                    guiding principle of engaging             ners to empower residents and
(Continued from Page 9.)                partners in creating innovative,          build stronger communities,”
can access funds to improve their       sustainable housing solutions,”           commented Greg Viener, president
homes,” Hutchinson said. By             said Gary Heidel, acting executive        of Huntington’s Mid-Michigan re-
helping residents access capital to     director at MSHDA. “We’re glad            gion. “We look forward to seeing
improve their homes with flexible       to pilot the program in Flint with        what homeowners will accomplish
and affordable repayment options,       such strong partners and hope to          with more access to affordable
the Flint Home Improvement Fund         replicate it in communities across        options to repair or improve their
strives to create strong neighbor-      the state.”                               homes.”
                                                                                        To support even more
                                                                                  homeowners, Flint HIF partners
                                                                                  are looking to bring additional
                                                                                  resources to the fund. “This is an
                                                                                  exciting partnership that will re-
                                                                                  move the barriers many residents
                                                                                  have faced in making repairs and
                                                                                  improvements to their homes,”
                                                                                  said Ridgway White, president
                                                                                  and CEO of the Mott Foundation.
                                                                                  “And that positive change will
                                                                                  add up, home by home, to help
                                                                                  strengthen neighborhoods across
                                                                                  the city.”
                    Flint Home Improvement Fund website                                 To learn more or apply, visit
                                                                                  Flint-HIF.org or call 810-766-
hoods where residents can main-                “Homeownership is a pow-           9089, ext. 213.
tain their homes while avoiding         erful tool to help people improve
burdensome debt.”                       their lives and build wealth. That’s      EVM reporter Melodee Mabbitt
       It’s an approach MSHDA           why we’re proud to support the            contributed to this article and can be
hopes will extend beyond Flint.         Flint Home Improvement Fund               reached at melodee.mabbitt@gmail.com.
                                                           12
13
... School Grant                      Foundation. And about the same                Flint school system … Crim Fitness
(Continued from Page 12.)
                                              number of speakers were critical of           Foundation YouthQuest, MSU are
al therapist: “Be transparent. Don’t          the partnership.                              organizations that are dependent
come in here with some other kind                   The final speaker, Dwayne               upon that (Mott) money … and are
of objective … You wouldn’t                                                                      part of that village to help raise
pull your money to hurt the chil-                                                                these children … I’m not telling
dren because you can’t control                                                                   you to take the money. I’m not
them (board members). Bring                                                                      telling you not to take the mon-
us the correct information so we                                                                 ey … I’m telling you to make a
can sit down and talk about it …                                                                 good, sound business decision
It’s the Mott Foundation holding                                                                 … You’ve got to think of a way
our children hostage.”                                                                           for both sides to win.”
        • Beth Hazard: “Mr.
White… wanted them (school                                                                       White announces restoration
board members) to blindly                                                                               of grant funding
to approve a contract. Hazard
claimed a White family busi-                                                                        On the very next day follow-
ness, Lurvee-White Ventures,                                                                   ing the five-hour board meeting
a local real estate and develop-        Trishanda Williams, a Flint Community Schools          on July 21, White announced the
ment company, has benefitted               teacher for 20 years who presently teaches          restoration of FCS grant fund-
from local construction projects        at Southwestern High School Academy proudly            ing for YouthQuest afterschool
like Michigan School for the                  displays   her United Teachers  of  Flint,       programs and the Community
Deaf. “His actions … of pull-                     “Flint Kids Deserve the Best.”               Education Initiative adminis-
ing funds … makes me wonder                             (Photo by Tom Travis)                  tered by the Genesee Area Focus
what his plans are for Central.”                                                               Fund and the Crim Fitness
She suggested that construction                                                                Foundation.
contracts and property owner-                                                                       “We’ve all been through a lot
ship are underlying issues to be                                                               in the past decade,” said White,
scrutinized.                                                                                   “and I will do my best to keep the
        • Laura Sullivan, Ket-                                                                 Mott Foundation’s support posi-
tering University instructor:                                                                  tive and beneficial for Flint kids
“Non-profits are directed to                                                                   and families …” White issued a
throw business to companies                                                                    public apology for “creating this
in which the foundations have                                                                  instability.”
investments and the whole
purpose of their presence is                                                                        MOU and FEC sparked
not to lift up the poor ... it’s                                                                   the recent chain of events
to profit … There is an inten-
tional lack of transparency …               Over 200 residents crammed into the                      A Memorandum of Un-
It’s nice to know that we live               auditorium of Walter Scott School.                derstanding (MOU) proposing
in a society where decisions             The school board sat on stage at tables.              a massive several hundred-mil-
                                                       (Photo by Tom Travis)
are made by people who are                                                                     lion-dollar plan to rescue Flint
elected, not by wealthy foun-                                                                  schools—the Flint Education
dations.”                                     Clemons, praised the work of the           Continuum (FEC)—was revealed by
        • Gina Luster: “We don’t              Crim Fitness Foundation, but urged a       EVM in May 2021. The FEC would
need these foundations. Why fix it            middling course of action:                 include three levels of government,
if it ain’t broke?”                                  “I’m a businessman. When            several Flint-area nonprofits, and all
        • Claudia Perkins, union rep-         I look at any situation, I look at it      three of Flint’s major institutions of
resentative: “It’s time to stand up and       from a business perspective first …        higher learning.
stop letting any one person or entity         I ask myself, ‘Do I want to repeat              The centerpiece of the FEC
rule your lives.”                             the past?’ Those who don’t learn           would be the construction of new
        Approximately a dozen                 from history are doomed to repeat          school buildings—four new elemen-
speakers spoke in support of a part-          it … The C. S. Mott Foundation has         tary schools and a new high school—
nership between FCS and the Mott              built a small economy around the                                  (Continued on Page 18.)

                                                                  14
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                                                      15
... What’s next?                 non-partisan commission to redraw
                                         the state’s election districts. Every
                                                                                    proposed by the governor, and the
                                                                                    COVID relief funds may provide
(Continued from Page 3.)                 ten years, after the census, elec-         a financial cushion, at least for a
the challenges of the future arise       tion districts are redrawn to assure       while.
from a similar cause …. a lack of        that there are an equal number of                 Another bright light on the
trust.                                   people in every district. But in the       horizon for the Flint schools, is the
                                         past, how those districts are drawn        proposed Memo of Understanding
     The city council elections          has been a source of much partisan         (MOU), led by the Mott Founda-
                                         conflict. Whichever party has the          tion. It would provide a dramatic
       The recent August primary has     majority in the state legislature          increase in funds and new programs
chosen the city council candidates for   has been able to design districts to       to rebuild the Flint Community
the November election. City council      elect their own people — what is           Schools. But that MOU has a long
elections, in an off-year, typically     commonly called Gerrymandering.            way to go before everyone buys
receive little attention from the vot-   Michigan’s new commission hopes            into it, and it’s already facing crit-
ers or the public in general. But this   to avoid that.                             icism from those who distrust the
year’s choices will determine wheth-            However, with the census            motives and the Mott Foundation.
er the Flint City Council continues      being delayed by the pandemic, they        Recently, the friction between the
with the divisive, rancorous habits of   will be under a very tight deadline        school board, the superintendent,
recent years, or whether it becomes      to create Michigan’s new districts         and the Mott Foundation caused the
a more civil governing body that can     by Nov. 1, as required by law. Right       foundation to briefly pause its fund-
be trusted to lead Flint.                now a judge has ruled that there is to     ing until communication and trust is
                                         be no delay because of the pandemic        restored.
          The city budget                and late census numbers. That may
                                         lead to complaints about the fairness          Donald Trump, the election,
       The most important duty           of the process if later census numbers                 and trust
of the city council is to approve a      are different that those initially given
budget. They missed the deadline         to the commission. Will that lead to               And finally, it looked like last
required by the charter in June, and     distrust of future elections held in       year’s election was over … and, at
just barely passed a budget by the       those districts?                           least for some, it wasn’t. It’s aston-
end of the month as required by law.                                                ishing that nine months after the
But the dry columns of numbers in          The future of Flint Community            election, and seven months after the
a city budget underscore a major               Schools and the MOU                  inauguration, there are still many
problem for the future of Flint. In a                                               who refuse the accept the results of
city with a shrinking population and            It’s no exaggeration to say         the 2020 election. In spite of end-
tax base, how do you provide for the     that the Flint Community Schools           less recounts, audits, challenges,
increasing needs of its people? Like     are facing a crisis even more press-       and more than 60 court rulings, the
most cities that have lost population,   ing than the city of Flint. As shown       previous president and his followers
Flint has a large number of retirees,    in Harold Ford’s extensive cover-          still contend that they won last year’s
and a shrinking number of current        age in East Village Magazine, they         contest.
workers.                                 are losing students at an alarming                 The implications of that denial
       That doesn’t leave a lot of       rate, and currently enroll less than a     is about more than Joe Biden or
money for more police, better streets,   quarter of the students within             Donald Trump being president. It’s
efficient garbage service, or lower      the city.                                  about whether or not we can trust the
water rates. Right now some of the              The relationship between the        whole system that we have created.
pandemic funds will buy the city         Flint School Board and Superin-            That same distrust lies behind many
some time, but the council will need     tendent Anita Steward is growing           of the challenges we face with the
to make hard financial decisions in      more combative by the month. The           Flint water crisis, the pandemic, the
the not too distant future. Will those   system has had seven superinten-           city council, the city budget, redis-
decisions be accepted and trusted by     dents in the last 15 years. On top of      tricting, and the revival of the Flint
Flint residents?                         all that, the Flint schools are facing     schools.
                                         financial challenges as the enroll-                Until we can restore that trust,
 Redistricting commission begins         ment shrinks, and demands increase         none of these crises will truly be over.
                                         to repair and maintain its aging
      A few years ago, Michigan          buildings. One positive note is the        EVM Political Columnist Paul Rozycki
voters approved the creation of a        new education funding package              can be reached at paul.rozycki@mcc.edu.

                                                            16
Tom Hardin artist/author

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                                                                                                                                        17
in the planning process.                FCS Board of Education is a Com-
        ... School Grant                       However, Steward told EVM:       mittee of the Whole meeting starting
(Continued from Page 14.)               “Board members have been invit-         at 6:30 on Aug. 11.
and the renovation of two other         ed to participate in these (FEC)              A timeline of the recent events
buildings. All buildings would be       conversations. Some of them have        of the FCS Board and community
operated by FCS and located within      participated. Some of them have         partners can be found in the online
the City of Flint.                      elected not to attend the meetings.”    version of this story at eastvillage-
      White told EVM that the FEC,             The entirety of the five-        magazine.org.
inspired by Flint’s water crisis, had   hour July 21 FCS Board of Edu-
been in the works for at least five     cation meeting can be viewed on         EVM Reporter Harold C. Ford can be
years. Some FCS board members           YouTube.                                reached at hcford1185@gmail.com.
complained they were not included              The next meeting of the

              ... Milestone                              ... Housing            should be noted) are the ones that
(Continued from Page 11.)               (Continued from Page 6.)                are in the worst condition today,”
pipeline from Lake Huron feeds into     The U.S. government created maps        Morckel stated.
the new facility below the building.    of urban neighborhoods identifying             Policy interventions that have
       Scott Dungee, water plant        race, religion, and ethnicity to help   worked to create affordable housing
supervisor, was invited to the          determine the creditworthiness of       include “rent controls and set-aside
podium by the Mayor and stated,         neighborhoods, and these maps           programs, where developers are
“This building is the new chemical      were used in cities like Flint by       required to build affordable hous-
feed building to take the place of      realtors, lenders, developers, and      ing alongside market rate hous-
the temporary building where we         planners. Though redlining is now       ing,” Morckel explained. “Some
feed chemicals [into the drinking       illegal, the practice has a lasting     places are exploring for ADUs
water].                                 impact.                                 (accessory dwelling units, like
       Dungee said he has worked                                                garages and sheds) to be turned into
at the Flint Water Plant since 1997            Historically redlined            small homes, to create more housing
and has been the supervisor since             neighborhoods among               supply. There is an increased interest
November 2020. He explained the                the worst, still today           in tiny homes -- very small homes
new building will house “modern,                                                that are affordable because they are
fully automated pumps that can be             “Historic housing discrimi-       so small.”
controlled by monitoring systems        nation (say, through the denial of             Several agencies are working
in the old building. The old pumps      home repair loans) and the resulting    to try to mitigate the problems in
are all manual and it takes a lot of    disinvestment can contribute to a       the housing market. Future articles
man hours to operate them. The au-      long-term trajectory of neighbor-       will explore Metro Community
tomated pumps can respond much          hood decline. Many of the neigh-        Development and The Tiny Homes
quicker to changes in the water.”       borhoods that were redlined in Flint    project.
                                        (neighborhoods that experienced
EVM Managing Editor Tom Travis can      additional forms of disinvestment       EVM reporter Madeleine Graham can be
be reached at tomntravis@gmail.com.     thought-out the 20th century, it        reached at madeleine4841@gmail.com.

                                              (Photo by Mike Naddeo)
                                                          18
San Francisco where she would          like that sporty Chevy coupe.
      ... Chevy Coupe               be married. Her brother let her               I’m still in Flint. My mother
(Continued from Page 20.)                                                  died here in 2008. I learned how
                                    take the car --- he was headed to
east by train. The Great Northern   Washington, D.C., to work in the       to be one of those grown-ups who
Empire Builder ran daily from       Office of Strategic Services (OSS)     can tell stories on themselves.
Portland to Chicago’s Union         established by Roosevelt in 1942.             And the Chevrolet Plant
Station where they could pick up    Off to a glamorous career in the       Number Four where my mother’s
Grand Trunk Western mainline        capital, my uncle readily signed       Chevy coupe was likely made?
and get off at Flint. My mother     over the title to the Chevy. He        After Delphi demolished the last
remembered waiting on a gusty       threw in the jazz records, heavy       remaining buildings in 2004, a
Saginaw Street corner for a man     78s in brown paper sleeves, as a       phased redevelopment restored the
who would take them out to the      wedding present.                       resulting brownfield into grass-
factory --- which must have been           The coupe became my par-        lands, meadows, and woodlands
Chevy-in-the Hole.                  ents’ first car.                       with walking trails. The entire area
      On the drive back to Port-           By 1955, my parents needed      was re-christened Chevy Com-
land, brother and sister saved      a newer, more practical family         mons in 2012. This week (July
money by sharing a motel room;      ride. One summer evening my            14, 2021) Governor Whitmer
my mother remembered sleeping       dad pulled into the driveway in        announced a plan to make the ex-
on a trundle bed. My uncle --- a    a 1950 4-door Ford custom six          panse Michigan’s 104th state park.
jazz lover --- looked for towns     “executive sedan.” A deep forest
along US 30 where he could          green, in the center of its grill a    EVM occasional columnist Teddy
search record stores.               “bullet” jutted out that only under-   Robertson, associate professor emer-
      In 1944, my mother got        scored the car’s roomy boredom.        ita in history at UM - Flint, can be
engaged and planned to move to             We never again had a car        reached at teddyrob@umich.edu.
                                                     19
Village Life
       From San Francisco to Chevy-in-the-Hole — the Chevy Coupe
                        helped to move America
                                               By Teddy Robertson

       “Jee-zus Christ!” Stress on      roads where we lived.                         Kids in grade school never
the first syllable and heavy elon-            Our destination was 450          did that.
gation of the “z” sound. I blurted      Sutter Street, a medical and dental           Grown-ups telling stories
out one of my father’s favored          office building a few blocks uphill    --- when not at my expense ---
expletives.                             from Union Square. At 26-floors        brought relief from my well-be-
       My mother had slammed on         and one of the tallest buildings in    haved boredom. I watched as the
the brakes and I tumbled off the        the city at the time, its art deco     launch of some tale snagged the
bench seat of our old Chevy coupe       entry doors were recessed beneath      other conversations scattered about
and hit the floor mat beneath. The      a gold fan-shaped portico.             the room, reeled in the attention of
brown and red threads of the tan              Waiting for the elevator in      highball-clutching adults. I listened
plaid upholstery prickled as I clam-    the black marble hallway, I craned     to half-understood words about
bered back onto the bench seat.         my neck to look up at the bronze       opaque situations: the suspense
       It was 1951 and I was six        and silver ceiling decorated in        was exciting. I sensed the drama
years old.                              Mayan revival motif designs. The       of any weave or wobble in the
       The car was a 1940 Chevro-       dimly lit zig zag shapes made me       story, a gasp of surprise, a sigh
let, a 2-door business coupe,                                                           of let-down, or a hoot of
trim and sporty even with                                                               laughter at the end.
its faded cream finish. A red                                                                  The work of what I
pin stripe was still visible                                                            later learned to call literary
along its sides. My mother                                                              devices seeped into my
loved that Chevy and de-                                                                brain.
cades later I learned why.                                                                     Sixty years after I
       The day of my star-                                                              banged into the Chevy
tling outburst we were                                                                  dashboard, my mother
headed into the city --- to                                                             Virginia came to live with
San Francisco, a 40-minute                                                              me in Michigan. At age
drive from Mill Valley, our            Photo source: www.oldcarbrochures.com            81 she pulled up stakes on
small town north of the                                                                 the west coast and moved
Golden Gate Bridge. I watched           dizzy. I thought my family dentist     east to live with me and
my mother grip the gearshift with       lived in a temple on the 16th floor.   my son.
its milky bakelite-tipped handle              For years my mother regaled             Of all places, in Flint.
as she pressed in the clutch in one     friends and relatives with the story          The back story to the Chevy
smooth, deft motion. She was a          of precocious mimicry. I cringed,      coupe emerged, this time minus
good driver.                            but got used to it.                    my expletive. Instead, my mother
       Trips into the city in the             As an only child I lived         told how she and her older brother
1950s were expeditions that             among adults. My parents had---        Sam had bought the car new in
entailed coat, hat and gloves. A        and now it puzzles me --- mostly       their hometown, Portland, Oregon.
deckle-edged Kodak shows me             childless friends, so I listened as    In the course of the purchase, the
in a gray and white checked coat        grown-ups told stories. But they       dealer off-handedly mentioned
with a matching tam that my             seemed willing to tell stories on      that delivery charges could be
mother had sewed. I wore white          themselves, too. I realized that the   saved if the car were picked up at
gloves in little kid sizes that seem    best talkers knew how to become        the factory in Michigan.
unimaginable now --- clothes            a character in a story, become the            Brother and kid sister set out
for city sidewalks, not the gravel      butt of a good joke.                                        (Continued on Page 19.)

                                                         20                            LIX: 7 (700 issues, 7,288 pages)
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