Earth Observation from Space - Advancing Space ROADMAP 2021-2030 - Department of Industry ...
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Advancing Space Earth Observation from Space ROADMAP 2021-2030
Head of Agency - Introduction
Observing Earth from space can help
address Australia’s biggest challenges and
unlock economic opportunities for current
and future generations.
Earth Observations from space growing the economy, and meeting particular sovereign
capability requirements for defence and meteorology.
Our reliance on Earth Observation (EO) data and Building capability and expertise within the nation to meet
technologies has never been more profound, and they play those needs in the next decade is critical.
a vital role in the fabric of our society. For example,
insights from EO data are increasingly being used to inform This roadmap identifies broad pathways to achieve these
agriculture and resource management practices, so farmers goals, while its implementation will ultimately strengthen
can manage their pastures and livestock over larger areas our international relationships, build Australian space
with greater precision. Natural disaster response and manufacturing capability, help meet Australia’s sovereign
climate science also look to EO to model and mitigate the needs, and create skilled jobs.
impacts of catastrophic weather events like bushfires and
drought, which have significant economic and social effects
on the community. Of note, the economic benefits to
Partnering for success
Australia attributable to EO data were estimated to be up to The EO from Space Roadmap is a collaborative venture
$2.5 billion in 2020.1 achieved through ongoing cooperation across government,
industry and the research sector. Creating a globally
It is within this context that the vision of the EO from Space responsible and respected space sector that lifts the
roadmap is founded. As the second technical roadmap to broader economy and inspires and improves the lives of
be delivered in accordance with the Australian Civil Space Australians is a joint mission and one that will be realised
Strategy 2019-20282 (the Strategy), this roadmap explores through these strong partnerships.
EO as a National Civil Space Priority Area which can be
further developed to advance Australia’s competitiveness This roadmap is symbolic of a pivotal moment in time for
and role as a responsible actor in civil space activities. In the Australian civil space sector; an opportunity that must
essence, the roadmap provides the vision, ambition and be harnessed now to the benefit of our industry and society
aspirational capability targets to support the growth of a into the future.
The material in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons The Earth Observation from Space Roadmap is an Australian Government
globally respected and thriving industry in Australia
Attribution - 4.0 International licence, with the exception of: publication that provides a vision for the next phase of Australian Earth
consistent with the Australian Space Agency’s mission to Enrico Palermo
observation capability development to drive economic growth and industry
• the Commonwealth Coat of Arms triple the size of the national civil space sector to $12 Head, Australian Space Agency
transformation. It is the second report in the Australian Space Agency’s
• any third party material billion and create an additional 20,000 jobs by 2030. November 2021
Roadmap series.
• any trademarks, and
• any images or photographs. © Commonwealth of Australia and the States and Territories of Australia 2021, Future proofing by building sovereign
Published by the Australian Space Agency November 2021.
The terms under which the Coat of Arms can be used are detailed on the capability
following website: pmc.gov.au/government/its-honour ISBN (print): 978-1-922125-97-2
ISBN (online): 978-1-922125-98-9
Australia is heavily reliant on EO data from the international
Wherever a third party holds copyright in this material, the copyright community. As such, there exists an urgent, growing need
remains with that party. Their permission may be required to use the Attribution for the Australian EO sector to be better positioned to build
material. Please contact them directly. Use of all or part of this publication must include the following attribution: sovereign capability, particularly for assured access to EO
© Commonwealth of Australia 2021, published by the Australian Space Agency. data for Australia’s national needs. These include measuring
More information on this CC BY license is set out at the Creative
and mitigating climate change, providing better insights to
Commons Website. Enquiries about this publication can be sent to: Citation
Australian Space Agency (2021), Earth Observation from Space Roadmap
Australian Space Agency
2021-2030, November, available at space.gov.au
Lot Fourteen, McEwin Building.
North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 Disclaimer
By accessing or using this publication, you agree to the following:
Phone: 1800 087 367 (within Australia) / +61 2 6276 1166
Email: enquiries@space.gov.au This publication is not legal or professional advice. Persons rely upon this
space.gov.au publication entirely at their own risk and must take responsibility for assessing
1
Deloitte 2021, Economic study into an Australian continuous launch small satellite program for Earth observation.
the relevance and accuracy of the information in relation to their particular 2
Australian Space Agency (2019), Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, 2019, accessed 21 Sep 21.
circumstances. https://publications.industry.gov.au/publications/advancing-space-australian-civil-space-strategy-2019-2028.pdf
Earth Observation from Space Roadmap - 3
ROADMAPS CONTEXT
National Civil Space Priority Areas Approach to developing
Roadmap development approach the roadmaps
The Australian Space Agency worked together with
An aligned, connected, and informed Australian space sector that is industry, researchers and Australian Government
agencies to develop each roadmap. Feedback and
united behind a shared vision for each Civil Space Priority Area and support to the validation of the assessments of
Australia’s state-of-the-art capabilities, technologies
clear pathways to meeting our ambitions. and opportunities were provided by peer space
agencies and stakeholder organisations.
Roadmaps guiding principles COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE DEFINITION
Development of technical roadmaps for each of the Civil Space
Priority Areas is an action identified in the national space pillar
of the Strategy. The roadmaps serve to provide strategic
direction for the sector, and to inform and guide opportunities
to support the growth of the industry. Each roadmap identifies PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4
necessary activities and supporting conditions for achieving the Australian
competitive Assess opportunity Set targets Devise pathways Enable implementation
vision in each Civil Space Priority Area on a 10 year horizon. Australian advantages and monitor progress
competitive Customer needs
Their development and implementation are guided by the and wants
strengths
following principles:
State-of-the-art A strategic direction is set Pathways are developed to The roadmaps will guide
• Describe a pathway to uplift capability in a manner that enables Red ocean assessments identify and via the definition of targets set the action plan towards future investment in Australian
the tripling of the size of the Australian space sector to (crowded market) evaluate Australia’s key for 2030, including: achieving the targets and industry and inform Australian
$12 billion and the creation of up to an extra 20,000 jobs by 2030 strengths in the global the vision - an aspirational roadmap objectives. Space Agency activities
• Identify and engage with opportunity - aligning activities by Tablestakes Competitive context. Consideration is statement about Australia’s under the four space pillars
(seat at the disadvantages made for the ecosystem future capabilities, and in the Strategy.
consulting widely and deeply with industry, researchers and table) (others do better) The roadmap pathways
government agencies and value chain, spin-in the ambition - a positional diagram presents an action
potential from adjacent statement about Australia’s plan to be led by the space Progress against the
• Encourage organisations to invest resources and efforts
sectors, national future role. industry, and facilitated by roadmaps will contribute to
where they want to pursue the opportunities identified in
application needs, strategic the Australian Space the Australian Government’s
the roadmaps International competitor
strengths value, growth trends and Focus segments are areas Agency where appropriate, goals to grow the industry.
• Reinforce the role of government as a partner, facilitator and market gaps. of greatest opportunity towards achieving the Their development during
regulator for, and customer of, the sector (in line with the
for the Australian space roadmap objectives. Phase 2 of the Strategy
Strategy, including its investment principles).
Australia’s competitive sector within the Civil Space ‘Engaging with Opportunity’
advantages are identified, Priority Area over the next (2019 to 2020) will support
Roadmap priorities and inclusions with capabilities assessed decade. The focus segments
Capabilities are mapped
along the core paths to the Phase 3 - ‘Delivering
The roadmaps chart capability developments, rather than ROADMAP INCLUSION CRITERION and gaps validated along interplay strategically to targets, together with Success’ (2021 to 2028).
detailed technology developments, so industry and with their opportunities, achieve the vision and external drivers that Progress will be monitored
government researchers can drive innovation and have
HIGH COMPETITIVE AND/OR COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
(MARKET AND INDUSTRY DRIVEN)
risks and barriers. ambition. Focus segments influence the roadmap. via future State of Space
flexibility in their delivery. To be included, a capability must: and related objectives (sub- These should be captured reports and other publications.
visions), outcomes (sub- or mitigated to progress the
• Strive towards bold visions and ambitions that align with the ambitions) and capability capability pathways and The roadmaps will be
Strategy, and targets are defined based on non-technical facilitating updated regularly to allow
identified opportunities. activities (facilitators). for refinement as the
INCLUDED INCLUDED
• Have the potential to synergise with other selected capabilities to
sector develops.
uplift the sector in an enduring manner, and
• Be based on a comparative or competitive advantage (a
HIGH NATIONAL NEED
domestic government or commercial market opportunity for
which Australia has a competitive strength), and/or Roadmaps audience
LOW
• Be an area of national strategic interest, or
The roadmaps are for all Australian space sector
• Be a necessary input to realise another included capability. CASE-BY-CASE: stakeholders, including industry, governments,
The roadmaps prioritise capabilities that are essential to the Only if of national strategic researchers, the future workforce, investors and
stated vision and ambition for each pathway. Opportunities EXCLUDED
interest, or directly international partners. The roadmaps can also
uplifts a competitive/ inform stakeholders in adjacent sectors, including
exist outside the pathways that may still be pursued by the
comparative advantage
Australian space sector. in space sector.
mining and energy, defence and national security,
agriculture and natural resources, remote medicine,
The roadmaps also include supporting conditions that would and environmental and disaster management. These
harmonise, support and facilitate the growth of these stakeholders could extend their existing capabilities
LOW
capabilities. These are prioritised according to their capacity to into the space sector, leverage expertise in the space
address challenges and foster opportunity. sector or become customers of the sector.
Photo: Bureau Of Meteorology
4 - Australian Space Agency Earth Observation from Space Roadmap - 5
ROADMAPS CONTEXT
Roadmaps nexus
Identifying growth activities
NATIONAL CIVIL SPACE PRIORITY AREAS
CROSS-CU T TING C ROS S-CU T T ING
TECHNOLOGY S ERV IC ES
AREAS Communications Cross-cutting services are
Key technology areas from
the broader economy have
technologies and services areas of high opportunity
and enduring priority for
been identified that should the application of Australian
underpin Australia’s future space capability. They are
space capability. Leveraging based on both national
these will foster a more need and market
robust development considerations. They each
pathway. Government, Earth observation draw upon capabilities
including the Australian spanning more than one
Space Agency, is supporting Civil Space Priority Area.
this through its activities. Further service application
For example, space has areas are in scope but are
been identified as a national
manufacturing priority.
Robotics and automation considered within the
domain of their relevant
on Earth and in space Civil Space Priority Area.
Sourcing first customers for
these applications is critical
to capability realisation.
Advanced
manufacturing
Leapfrog R&D
Artificial Disaster risk
intelligence management
Space situational awareness Remote industry,
Cybersecurity
and debris monitoring environment
and resource
Interoperability
management
Digitised and Position, navigation
Exploration services
data driven systems and timing
engineering
Seven interconnected roadmaps Platform-based
Science services
architectures Access to space National security
The Civil Space Priority Areas are interconnected, reliant on cross-cutting
technology areas, facilitated by non-technical enabling activities, and may
be applied to many cross-cutting services.
FACILITATORS
The roadmap for each Civil Space Priority Area details the The roadmaps identify areas of opportunity for industry
significance of these factors to its implementation. The including investment, as well as identifying areas where Industry resilience,
Investment Governance and Regulation Social licence and
roadmaps nexus illustrates the strategic interplay of these government could provide effective investment to deliver
workforce
and policy coordination and standards sustainability
and skills
important categories. on the Strategy. They also link to a range of cross-cutting
technology areas, for example there are strong links between
Facilitators enable progress towards reaching the targeted capabilities. facilitators will foster environments conducive to impactful research and
these roadmaps and the Modern Manufacturing Strategy They provide the supporting conditions to contribute to addressing development (R&D), and to a dynamic and robust commercially-focused
where space is a priority sector. challenges identified by the Australian space sector and streamline the path ecosystem favourable to new business ventures.
to achieving the roadmap visions. Together, the implementation of these
6 - Australian Space Agency Earth Observation from Space Roadmap - 7
The value of EO to EO from space enables:
Australians
The global EO market3 is estimated
to be worth USD2.7 trillion4, with half
of that in the APEC economies alone5. Socioeconomic game changers Future workforce
However, the true impact of EO resides Increased availability of trusted A high-tech STEM workforce will
and targeted EO data catalyses the emerge based on new jobs in high
in the insights and understanding we gain development of end-user applications growth areas across the entire EO
of our planet, its environments and human for effective decision making for
example, understanding the availability
data supply chain: space systems
engineering, avionics, assembly
activities. and quality of water. Improving data integration and test (AIT), software,
for effective decision making lifts social technical roles in ground based
wellbeing and provides economic systems and maintenance in rural
benefits to all Australians. areas, application development, data
Australia has one of the largest In providing this information, the
Exclusive Economic Zones6 in the world Australian EO from space sector analytics, EO science and research,
with 10.2 million square kilometres of directly contributed $283 million in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine
ocean, including around the Australian value to the Australian economy and learning (ML) and wider EO-centric
Antarctic Territory. In addition to 7.7 employed 1,570 Full Time Equivalents business opportunities.
million square kilometres of land, (FTEs) in 2020. The wider economic
Australia’s vast territory has diverse benefits attributable to EO data were EO data fosters a vibrant research
ecosystems, climates, landforms, water estimated to be in the order of $2.5 community by providing data that
bodies and maritime environments and billion in 2020.7 supports for example, environmental,
maritime and built environment Increased security and
these shape our lifestyle and our
EO from space also meets national research. It also supports a growing resilience
economy.
security, defence and meteorological industry that develops applications for Australia is safer with EO-supported
The processes of managing, using and needs. Australia has the world’s largest end-users, such as crop monitoring and maritime surveillance that allow us to
responding to the natural environment, maritime search and rescue region and beach management, creating jobs and map marine pollution, identify illegal
designing and building infrastructure Security Forces Area of Authority, increasing Australian prosperity.
Increased productivity
3
This includes all activities associated with the exploitation of natural resources and
and understanding the impacts of our covering over one-tenth of the Earth’s practice and science of EO.
manage maritime traffic. Our resilience Targeted insights from EO data leads
population are critically reliant upon surface. Australia’s economy is 4
(Mordor Intelligence, 2019, p. 11) to better management of Australia’s
EO, particularly from space. critically dependent on global trade,
EO data is essential for: (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, 2019, p. 2)
to natural disasters is enhanced when
resources including agriculture, water,
5
Figures are for both Remotely Sensed and In-situ EO is used to rapidly understand the
with 99 per cent of all exports reliant location, size and severity of disasters; minerals and land, through improved
EO data delivers decision-critical • The delivery of critical services EO.
on maritime transport, making safety, The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is an area it also better equips us to plan and decision times and better utilisation of
information to government, industry,
6
such as weather forecasting,
security and environmental protection beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea where
oversee response and reconstruction. time and resources.
scientific and education institutions, disaster and emergency response, Australia has sovereign rights for the purpose of
of Australia’s maritime domain a
and individuals. It can provide critical exploring and exploiting, conserving and managing
national security and economic • Enhancing economic productivity in all natural resources of the waters superjacent to the
information to frontline responders on seabed and of the seabed and its subsoil.
imperative.8 Defence needs geospatial key industries including agriculture,
devastating fires by providing imagery 7
Deloitte Access Economics, Economic study into an
information and intelligence capabilities transport and insurance, measuring
of where fire is burning and information Australian continuous launch small satellite program
to support strategic intelligence and monitoring sustainable for Earth observation, 2021, p. 7.
on where it is progressing, help farmers
requirements throughout the Indo- development within our 8
https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/how-to-engage-us-
improve agricultural productivity by subsite/Pages/maritime-surveillance-capability-
Pacific region.9 The Bureau of environment,
providing insights to where water project.aspx
Meteorology (BOM) needs assured
resides, and provide accurate and • Meeting maritime safety, national https://www1.defence.gov.au/sites/default/
Downstream development Economic growth
9
access to EO data for real time weather files/2020-11/2020_Force_Structure_Plan.pdf
reliable data for weather predictions security and Defence data
situational awareness, and to support 10
https://www.environment.gov.au/about-us/ Innovation in the use and manipulation of EO upstream manufacturing and the
and long-term climate forecasting. requirements, and international/2030-agenda
the Numerical Weather Prediction data (the ‘downstream’) from space EO downstream spatial capabilities grow
111
https://www.industry.gov.au/policies-and-initiatives/
The assured supply of quality EO data (NWP) modelling capability that • Supporting the nation to deliver on australias-climate-change-strategies/international-cli- leads to an expansion of the applications the wider economy through direct job
provides the basis for a small but underpins all Australian weather its international commitments such mate-change-commitments for space derived data and services, creation, supply chain opportunities
growing part of the Australian economy forecasts and climate modelling, critical as 2030 Agenda for Sustainable https://www.dfat.gov.au/development/topics/
12
leading to new businesses in data and flow-on benefits such as improved
investment-priorities/building-resilience/drr/disas-
employing thousands of individuals: EO to disaster mitigation such as during Development10; Paris Climate ter-risk-reduction-and-resilience analytics and new ways to solve global weather forecasting, agricultural
data analysis and services that support bush fires, floods and volcanic activity Agreement11 and Sendai Framework Photo: Geoscience Australia challenges - increasing productivity and productivity, resource management and
industry and government. in the region. for Disaster Reduction12. catalysing economic growth. disaster relief.
8 - Australian Space Agency Earth Observation from Space Roadmap - 9
Geostationary
What is Earth Observation? EO imagery examples Orbit (GEO)
35,856 km
Himawari
EO encompasses a broad suite of remote sensing activities that gather Queensland coast
Full disk seen from
observations of the full electromagnetic spectrum and produce Himawari in GEO.
bushfires as seen by
Himawari.
measurements and spatial data to monitor and examine our planet, its
environments, human activities and infrastructure.
EO data is used for measuring and mapping: sea surface winds, wave heights, currents, sea ice, snow True colour False colour composite includes
cover, oil spills/seep, urban pollution and more. composite appears non-visual wavelengths (near
i. Categories of features, such as land use and cover,
mineral deposits, infrastructure, roof types, weeds and iii. Changes in (i) and (ii) over time such as the detection as the human eye infrared in this example) to show
sees. This example plant density and health. This GPS
road and ship traffic. of crop growth, or vegetation clearing, vertical profiles
is at 10 m spatial is one of the earliest examples,
of aerosols, forest structure, sea surface topography,
ii. Biological or physical properties, such as vegetation resolution from from Landsat 1 in 1972 at 80 m
atmospheric wind direction and strength, ocean wave
heights, fuel loads, crop yields, soil moisture, water Sentinel 2. spatial resolution.
directions and strength, urban growth, development
depth, water quality, water run-off, building heights,
and disaster detection and recovery.
cloud height and thickness, temperature, precipitation, Medium Earth
Thermal infrared Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Orbit (MEO): All
shows surface is an active imagery method that between LEO
temperature with can image through clouds, day and GEO
100 m spatial and night. This example is at
resolution from a 10 m spatial resolution from
Sentinel 2. Sentinel 1.
Space segment Ground segment Storage Analysis Tailoring
EO satellites Operating satellites Data ready for Create meaningful Customise insights for
and receiving data analysis insights distribution
The EO supply chain includes the broad elements indicated above. This roadmap is focused on the first three: Space Panchromatic captures
segment, Ground segment and Storage. Analysis and Tailoring provide vital insights to the design of the first three but are much of the visual Aerosol index showing UV
guided by roadmaps and plans developed by geospatial groups and organisations. wavelengths in a single absorbing aerosols in the
band and appears atmosphere at 7 km x 3.5
Collection of observations can use a variety of platforms: satellites, aircraft, remotely operated vehicles, and like a black and km spatial resolution, from
in-situ sensors. This roadmap is concerned only with satellite platforms; other platforms may be used to test EO white photo. Usually Sentinel 5p.
instruments before deployment in satellites and to validate satellite data. much higher spatial
resolution.
Mission purpose Sensing principles User focus Low Earth Orbit
Operational: Support Passive: Measure naturally Commercial: Provided True colour Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) (LEO)
ongoing decision available energy from the to fee-paying composite appears showing plants in green, 2,000 km
making. Usually Earth; usually reflected customers that include as the human eye soil and urban structures in
individuals, industry sees. This example brown and water in black at CALIPSO
comprises of multiple sunlight (e.g. imagery).
series; high reliability and government. is at 1,000 m spatial 20 m spatial resolution. SWIR
Active: Emit energy (e.g.
and availability needs. Government is often resolution from the is also useful for showing
radar) and process the
the anchor customer MODIS mission. newly burned land and Surface
Science: Explore the reflections to form images;
for operational mapping surface geology.
utility of a mission works day and night and can
commercial missions. Imagery above is of Cairns, Queensland, Australia unless noted otherwise
concept or test work through cloud.
scientific theories. May The electromagnetic spectrum & EO
Tasking Public: Provide data Visible
transition into an
Taskable: Satellite missions freely and openly to Low frequency, Long wavelength, Low quantum energy Light High frequency, Short wavelength, High
operational mission; can
that allow the user to collect benefit all countries, quantum energy
be designed to provide
specific areas at specific such as through the Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared (IR) Ultraviolet X-rays Gamma Waves
high or low reliability
times. Global Observing
and/or availability
Non-tasking: Satellite System (GOS).
depending on mission
missions that collect Governments around
requirements and
continuously according to a the world fund missions
constraints like budget.
long-term program. that comprise the GOS.
The provision of a store of data that is ready for analysis
makes the data accessible to a wider range of users, increasing
utilisation. GPS NOAA-18 NovaSAR-1 Jason-3 Sentinel-1 Sentinel-2 Landsat MINISAT-01 SpIRIT Hermes SP
Water vapour (MHS) High-res Sea level Sea and land Background
The ground segment allows EO satellites to be operated and Resource Management Gamma Rays
Meteorology radar monitoring Both observe Shortwave IR to UV
radiation
to download data. It includes antennas, communications radar
equipment and processing systems. Ground stations need
reliable power, network connectivity and regular maintenance.
10 - Australian Space Agency Earth Observation from Space Roadmap - 11
Earth Observation from Space roadmap The pathways map each of the focus segments to decadal targets identified as a part of the roadmap activity. The objective is to identify capability areas and related enabling activities across the focus segments to
achieve the targets. The pathways provide a non-exhaustive mapping to guide government and industry investment in the Australian EO sector and is subject to periodic updates to maintain relevance.
2020 2025 2030 and beyond 2020 2025 2030 and beyond
International partnership opportunities
KEY
Data security risks that would impede the operational data required for critical national needs EO for Australian Government Earth
Market National and state-level needs for reliable and accessible EO from space data for research, industry and government applications Government Observation Coordination Group
Industry (Commercial) Technology Engagement coordination and support • Development of international mission concepts,
Mission/ End Decision Network with mature space systems engineering capability
opportunities, National civil and defence sovereign capability development for space Product Concept Point
and tools.
threats and International interplanetary mission partnership opportunities (such as NASA Venus Missions, ESA LaGrange etc.) Digital Earth
Australia
drivers
International EO missions in LEO and GEO (Landsat, Sentinel, Himawari, NovaSAR-1, Mass Change, TRUTHS, CLARREO-PF)
Capability
Studies/ Agreements/
Research sector Science Engagement coordination and support
• Sophisticated payload and satellite manufacturing
Australian commercial EO and Earth asset observation programs (LatConnect60, Myriota, Fleet, Skykraft etc) Facilitators Open Data suitable for international scientific and operational
Australian Defence Geo-Int and Capability Development Space Programs (Starshot , DEF799) Cube mission contributions.
Metric
International EO EO Data Aus EO Data R&D
At least 10 Aus Science
Teams in International • Australian participation in international science
Australian Gravity
EO partnership Australia Analytics R&D Incubator Program
EO Missions teams.
Feasibility / Pre-Phase A, Phase A studies Beam steering and Laser
Frequency Stabilisation Sensing Instrument
DSTG – NGTF SAR
Payload
Mission Application Areas
and leadership Ground
Stations +
Laser Technology for Mass Change ANGSTT
Missions - ANU Bushfire Fuel
Cold Atom Interferometry Weather
Focus segments
Laser Interferometry Load + Detection
Accelerometer
Meteorology and Disaster International Agreements –
Missions - BOM Australian GEO Current and to be continued Aus – Japan
Meteorology LEO GEO Operational Meteorology Open Data Agreements
Collaboration on ASA CEOS
Pathfinder Missions
Meteorological
Payload-PF
Hosted Payloads Operational Missions Water Quality
Climate Change Future Missions
With Partner Nations • Commercial entities providing direct EO tasking
Satellite Cross Calibration Measurement Australia AOGEO Australia GEO
Radiometer (SCR) Technology
services and value-added resale of data.
Cross Calibration
Feasibility + Phase A Study-GA In-Orbit Satellite Cross WMO Data Australia EC Australian Optical Operational
Mission Pathfinders EO Multimission Space terminals for High Data Rate Optical modems and Antarctic Space Fibre infrastructure connecting
Instrument
calibration
Calibration
Operational
Operational Series Policy Copernicus
Agreement
Downlink and Inter-satellite links encoding protocols
Ground Station
Network
Phased Array
Ground Stations
Park Infrastructure Antarctica Space Parks • Satellite ground station parks and supporting
State and Federal
Intelligent Reconfigurable Hyperspectral Missions Shallow Water
Resources GA USGS infrastructure.
Mission – UNSW Canberra Mapping Agreement GA CEOS
Management
Ground Station Space Parks Initiatives
Aquawatch Low Resolution
Med-High
Resolution Hyperspectral CSIRO CEOS Australia UNGGIM
• Ground station infrastructure and technology to
- CSIRO, SmartSat CRC Hyperspectral Imagers EO Pathfinders Mission Series Australia support EO mission needs, including high speed
Imagers Comprehensive network of TT&C and Backhaul ground stations CGMS
Urban Planning Mining Australia communications such as optical ground stations.
OzFuel Bushfire Fuel Load Water Quality UNGGIM-AP
Monitoring - ANU Pathfinder Missions Australian EO and Space Capability areas to feed to Australian national and Commercial Missions
Access to Aus –Bureau of Meteorology Agreements with International Weather Agencies
•
Australian EO SA Space Services Mission In-Orbit Hi-Res Broad-Band Vegetation & Water international
Ground terminals based in Antarctica to support
Australian and International EO missions to rapidly
CSIRO-NovaSAR-1 Commercial Engagement
missions and La Trobe University – DLR UNSW
- Kanyini Satellite-
Hyperspectral & IoT Payload Fuel Load Pathfinder
IR Imagers Reconfigurable EO
Payloads
Thermal Imagery
Payload
Stress measurement
sensors
Geo-locating
Sink/Source gases
EO Science
Land Cover data and obtain data.
payloads DESIS Hyperspectral
Payload Avionics
Canberra M2
Tech demosat
Missions Mapping
missions
Future Multilateral Data Sharing Agreements with Foreign Nations
Cubesat and LIDAR Payloads Neuromorphic
CSIROSat-1 Edge Computing NASA/ESA L1, L2 Data Access for Research Applications
Smallsat (Water Levels + Radar Altimeters Event-Based sensing
IR imaging Payloads
Earth Asset Observation Platform Capability Quantity) payloads
Note: Maritime Domain Commercial Agreements for Operational and Downstream Applications
Agriculture
Current and past Hi-Res Awareness
ADS-B Monitoring from Space AIS Imagery Cross Correlation Synthetic Aperture Methane/Gases
projects = Uni Melbourne SpIRIT – Gamma Panchromatic Quantum EO Sensors
Radar Payloads LWIR
Ray Burst Detection Demo (15 cm res )
Low Power – IOT Sensor Maritime and Air Traffic
to Space Capability Monitoring from Space
GPS Radio Occultation
High Data Rate
Sensor Fusion of Microwave Sounders Disaster Investment and Existing Government Programs. E.g. - MMI, ARC, M2M, NCRIS, UK Australia Space Bridge
policy
Monash University Radios and optical Response and
SmartSat CRC – Resilient Search P/L Band Soil Moisture Sensors various EO data types and Lightning Sensors Government and Industry Funding Streams for Australian EO Industry and research players
and Rescue System Study Terminals Resilience
Mission Experiments
Cross cutting Technologies
Develop Australian Smallsat Experts Group and Body of Knowledge Develop Resilient Radiation Hardened By Design Platform capabilities Quantum Secure Data
• Regulation and EO Missions Ground Stations Co-ordination Governance
Focus segments
Production of ongoing EO missions and
Develop Smallsat Class Qualification Facilities Quantum Inertial Nav payloads designed, built, qualified and standards Ground station parks development opportunities
operated by Australia.
Develop Systems Engineering Standards and Practices
EO Data Supply Requirements Gathering and Publication EO Data Supply Requirements Gathering and Publication
Site Approval and Review Metric EO Data Supply Risks and Gaps Analysis Publication EO Data Supply Risks and Gaps Analysis Publication
Aus Cal/Val equipment System Approval and Target : Greater than 40
design and field work
Process Mechanism
Definition
Review Process Definition Australian Calibration Validation • Operational national calibration validation facility
Australian EO Sector
Sites Operational in International and capability. Economic Impact of EO Data to APAC Analysis and Publication Economic Impact of EO Data to APAC Analysis and Publication
networks Publications and Data
Australian participation Collection Activities
Data analysis Prototype Cal/Val SmartSat CRC Space and Spatial Industry Roadmap Australian EO Science Decadal Plan Development Australian EO Science Decadal Plan
and validation Testbed (SmartSat CRC) in greater than five
Metric • A data integrity monitoring function for public
international calibration
networks and private missions that leverages national Governance and Australian Space Agency EO from Space Roadmap – Review and update
Data quality Facility Calibration and
calibration and validation capability. coordination
assurance and Troubleshooting
Acceptance Establish EO Integrity
integrity Australian participation
Facilitators
by International Monitoring Office in
Establish Aus Cal/Val in greater than five Metric Co-ord
Aus Cal/Val governance Australia Convene annual End-User Data Requirements Collection Forum
monitoring and vision established
Network Operational
Status
international validation
networks
Bodies
On-going Commercial EO Data Source Access arrangements
Aus Cal/Val Australian EO Integrity Indo-Pacific EO Integrity
Report Open Source Cal/Val
Monitoring capability Monitoring capability Civil Space Missions Systems Engineering and Procurement Capability development in Government
Pathways include a library capability
developed developed
mix of technical
capabilities and
Lunar Cal/Val Facility spin
enabling activities = out demonstrations
Space Mission Contributions and feedback chain (Link to Focus Segment 1) Streamlined Processes for Space Capability Development
Coordinate with Sustained Research Infrastructure Ecosystem
Australia/ Enhanced Data Trusted AI Enabled
Europe
Copernicus
Indexing/Catalogueing EO Data Analysis
Migrate to Resilient Blockchain • EO data management systems employing
Industry Establish a Sustained EO Science Missions Program (TRL increase, Flight Heritage)
agreement and
other Enhanced
Secure, Next-gen ICT
Architecture
for data
provenance advanced AI and ML tools. Blockchain-based resilience, Facilitate Systematic Engagement with target sector to ensure product uptake (EO Data Cross Sector spin in and spin out)
International Intergovernmental
Governance provenance with all local and cloud storage and workforce
Agreements
Framework
EO Data, Products &
compute models. and skills National Ground Station Capability Research, Development, Support and Deployment
Enhanced Data
Access Hubs Services Catalogue EO Education and Outreach
Australasian
Copernicus (Public + • Develop EO data sales model from whole images
Data Hub Commercial to only those pixels of interest to the customer. EO Workforce Development across sector
South data)
Stock-take and East Asian
Enhanced data Open
digitisation of
historic mission EO Data Integration Hub Feedback to
Meteorological
Data Distribution Social
management Data Sources data from Australian Missions Space Mission Owners Network
licence and
EO Data for better Earth – Climate change measurement, Disaster resilience, Agricultural productivity, Resource planning
Rural skilled job opportunities
sustainability
Australian Government Earth
Observation Coordination Group
Continues on following page
Where are we now?
EO data is critical to Australia, and there is growing potential for EO space VISION AMBITION
systems13 to add more value to the economy, national security, Defence
and society. EO data will increasingly support Australia will complement
the Australian community by its ground infrastructure,
Satellite missions will support Government role agencies, research bodies, education enabling essential government research, data quality and data
future EO needs institutions and private industry, and
The costs of operational EO satellite has excellent connections to the global and industry capabilities including management expertise with the
Australia requires reliable and accurate systems have fallen but can still be EO community. This expertise and
EO data from space to function on a significant. Government remains the cohesion enables the identification of meteorology, environmental, ability to develop EO missions
day-to-day operational basis. largest customer for EO data around the data gaps and facilitates the
Currently, Australia relies entirely upon
world, either through deploying public- development of activities, mission agriculture and infrastructure that deliver niche data to the
good constellations (e.g. Landsat,
other nations and foreign companies for
Sentinel, Himawari) or as the primary
concepts and instrument specifications
that fill those gaps through Australian
management, disaster response, downstream industry and make
EO data to support critical data needs
for weather forecasting, environmental
customer for high resolution, taskable
constellations.
missions and direct involvement in defence and national security; it valued contributions to the global
management, disaster preparedness international missions.
and response. Denial of supply from Government needs represent one of Successfully filling niches and partnering
will be informed by the data needs observing system. Government
other nations is considered unlikely, but
a move by other nations to commercially
many opportunities to support the
growth of the industry, develop
is an effective strategy that avoids actual
or perceived duplication of effort and
of the broader spatial community will enable science teams and
source EO data would affect the free
and open supply that Australia currently
operational capability, access
international supply chains, and
develops new applications and markets and it will also enable businesses international partnerships that
for EO data, creating high value EO
enjoys. As Australia’s dependency on contribute to other nations’ missions. investment opportunities that give that design and deliver EO-based facilitate industry to design and
EO grows, so does the impact of an investors’ confidence.
interruption to data supply.
For example, the Australian Defence
Organisation has recognised the need
products and services. manufacture space and ground-
New and future technology
The global observing system is critical
to Australia, and there is no intent to
for sovereign EO capabilities with
enhanced coverage of the Indo-Pacific
based systems capable of
Australian industry’s strength in Earth
replicate it. However, Australia now has region, and plans to spend up to $7.1 asset observation via satellite-enabled collecting and quality-assuring
the potential to also make valued billion on sovereign satellite imagery Internet of Things (IoT) and Radio
contributions to it, by focusing on capabilities.14 Frequency (RF) monitoring can augment Australian space sector priorities reliable, precise and accurate
unique national needs and competitive for EO
strengths, to help ensure continued
Other Government needs are expected traditional EO data by adding in-situ
measurements and locations that deliver
EO data to meet Australia’s
to evolve, including: mapping, climate
access to EO data. 1. Support a sustainable industry in Australia
and weather, support to sustainable deeper insights for end-users.17
that can build satellites and payloads capable operational government,
Market gap development, environmental Looking further ahead, Australia’s
Australia has niche EO requirements
management, biosecurity, disaster strengths in quantum technology
of meeting niche national data needs, making
valued contributions to international missions,
commercial and scientific needs.
management, security and surveillance, provide the foundation for the
that afford the opportunity to develop supporting economic and industry growth, and
and location-based services. development of quantum sensing to
new EO capabilities and EO data providing resilience for Australia’s defence,
streams designed specifically for The Modern Manufacturing Strategy - meet emerging needs for non-traditional
meteorological, environmental and climate
Australian user and market needs. the $1.5 billion Government investment EO methods.
monitoring needs.
to help Australian manufacturing scale,
For example, Australia needs specific 2. Build on Australia’s leadership as a data
become more competitive and more
combinations of spatial, spectral, integrator for EO, through roles on international
resilient also recognises space
radiometric and temporal resolutions These systems include satellites with appropriate sensors, coordination bodies.
manufacturing as one of the key priority
13
that allow collection against the typically ground stations, and processing and storage capabilities;
areas, which provides an opportunity to all reliant on a skilled workforce. 3. Ensure continued Australian access to the trusted
small inland water bodies and narrow
support the growth of EO from space 14
(Australian Government, Department of Defence, 2020, international EO data that supports Australia’s
rivers found across the Australian land
capabilities.15 p. 40) & (Australian Government, Department of Defence, EO sector.
mass. Also, standing eucalyptus forests 2020, “Defence Enterprise Factsheet”)
have specific spectral signatures not
Australia’s spatial expertise Australian Government, Make it Happen: The Australian
15
currently targeted by existing EO Government’s Modern Manufacturing Strategy, https://
satellites, but that could be addressed
will identify opportunities www.industry.gov.au/data-and-publications/make-it-
happen-the-australian-governments-modern-
with Australian systems. Australia’s EO community has deep manufacturing-strategy/our-modern-manufacturing-
strategy
knowledge of how to best utilise EO
Sovereign capability needs for Geoscience Australia, http://www.ga.gov.au/news-events/
data. GA has been working closely with
16
operational defence, border security, features/40-years-of-landsat-in-australia
the United States Geological Survey
PNT, land imaging and meteorological 17
For example, ground-based sensors can link water trough
(USGS) Landsat Sustainable Imaging levels and cattle locations with satellite observations of
EO systems present considerable and
program’s EO data for over 40 years.16 vegetation health, cloud patterns and weather forecasts to
enduring gaps that can be filled by a facilitate livestock and pasture management.
This community links government
mature Australian industry. Photo: Geoscience Australia
16 - Australian Space Agency Earth Observation from Space Roadmap - 17
Focus segments Facilitators
Five focus segments have been identified The Australian Government will continue to work across the stakeholder
for Australia’s Earth Observation from Space Roadmap. community to grow the economy and create jobs by ensuring the conditions
are right.
These are considered to be the areas of greatest opportunity A range of manufacturing opportunities reside in each of the I N VESTMEN T AN D P OL I CY: • Coordinate processes and programs to collect end-user
for Australia’s space sector, where there is high potential to focus segments, for example the manufacturing of satellite data requirements that drive the design of EO mission
• Since the establishment of the Australian Space Agency in concepts.
deliver capabilities and services to the civil EO market, and buses and sub-systems, payloads and instruments, ground 2018, the Government has committed more than $800
also to meet Defence needs for resilience through the supply segment equipment, calibration and validation sensors and million to grow the civil space sector and create jobs. • Employ the Australian National Ground Segment Technical
of EO collection capabilities. infrastructure. Team (ANGSTT) to coordinate ground segment
• This includes the Australian Government investment to development where appropriate.
implement the Strategy includes $235 million through the
Australian Space Agency. This consists of $150 million to • Provide strategic advice to government on opportunities for
support Australian participation in NASA’s Moon to Mars national missions as informed by the roadmaps to support
ambitions, the $19.5 million Space Infrastructure Fund, end-user needs.
$6 million for the Australian Space Discovery Centre, the
AU ST RAL I AN E O M I S SI O N S AN D PAYLOADS $15 million International Space Investment initiative, and • Coordinate the development of visions and pathways
funding for the ongoing operations of the Australian across the space sector, State and Territory governments
Space Agency. and communicate these domestically and internationally.
• The Government has also committed over $390 million • Support Australian obligations to international treaties,
through GA to provide Satellite Based Augmentation of strengthen domestic science and technology bilateral
GPS and continue development of Digital Earth Australia, agreements, Statements of Strategic Intent (SSI), and
as well as $67 million to support new technologies for agreements with researchers, industry and other space
DATA Q UALI T Y AS SU RAN C E AN D I N T EGRI T Y M O N I TO RI N G space through the SmartSat CRC. agencies.
• Through CSIRO, Government has invested over $35 • Strengthen international relationships with various bodies
million in new space facilities and programs, including the including but not limited to Committee on Earth
NovaSAR-1 National Facility, in addition to ongoing EO Observation Satellites (CEOS), Group on Earth
research. Observations (GEO), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA),
United States Geological Survey (USGS), and the World
• Phase 1 of Defence’s DEF799 program began investing Meteorological Organisation (WMO).
E N H AN C E D DATA M AN AGEM EN T $500 million in 2017 to improve Australia’s access to
commercial satellite imagery. Planned investment of up to INDUSTRY RESILIENCE, WORKFORCE AND SKILLS:
$6.6 billion for sovereign satellite imagery capabilities18
over the period of 2020-2040 presents a significant • A high tech, skilled workforce is required for all elements of
opportunity for a mature Australian satellite EO industry. space mission engineering, design, manufacture, operation
and disposal. Relevant education, training and experience is
• Defence has provided $12 million to the SmartSat CRC and critical to enable industry, academia, science bodies and to
will invest $50 million in the Australian space industry over inform government.
I N T E R N AT I O N AL E O PART N ERSHI P AN D L EAD ERSHI P 15 years to support satellite communication technology.
R EG UL ATI ON AN D STAN DAR DS:
• The benefits of Government support for the establishment
of the upstream sector have been identified by the House of • Technical regulation frameworks and standards for space
Representatives Inquiry, Modern Manufacturing Strategy, systems where appropriate.
and through Industry and Technical Advisory Group
consultations. • System Engineering standards and frameworks to support
traceable design of the right systems to meet stated needs.
ACC E S S TO I N T E R N AT I O N AL DATA AN D M I SSI O N S • The Australian Space Agency will continue to focus on the
four space pillars under the Strategy: International, • Consideration of international standards to facilitate
National, Responsible and Inspire. The Agency will facilitate cooperation and interoperability with international
industry and provide advice to government on opportunities partnerships.
to grow Australia’s space industry in line with the roadmaps.
“Earth observation data is no longer just a research activity. SOCI AL L I CEN CE AN D SU STAINABILIT Y:
G OVER N AN CE AN D COOR DI N ATI ON :
It informs policy, helps manage natural environments, assists • Coordinate the articulation of the value of EO data to end-
• Effective, ongoing communication of the criticality of EO
data from space for the Australian economy and larger
users. global challenges, is needed to support the growth of
recovery from major catastrophes and generates agricultural and • Facilitate ongoing access to international data critical to
workforce and build social license to support increased
investment.
Australia’s EO needs through coordination of relevant areas
industrial development opportunities...” of government, industry and the broader community.
• Ensure the security of sovereign EO capabilities, supply
chains, data, IP and IT systems through coordination of
relevant areas of government, industry and the EO
Dr Alex Held, Director community to develop integrated and robust security risk 18
Defence Enterprise Fact Sheet https://www1.defence.gov.au/sites/default/
CSIRO Centre for Earth Observation management frameworks. iles/2020-11/Factsheet_Enterprise.pdf
18 - Australian Space Agency Earth Observation from Space Roadmap - 19
Australian EO
missions and payloads
The capability to develop Australian EO missions and payloads will enable
Australia to assure and widen the provision of trusted data to downstream
end-users. This will contribute data sources to global observing systems OBJECTIVE SEG MEN T TARG ET CAPAB I L I T Y
and improve Australian space manufacturing capabilities in this decade.
By 2030, Australia has all the necessary Australian industry that can design,
capabilities across the design, build, build, qualify and operate EO missions
qualification, operation and disposal and payloads.
phases of mission lifecycles for
appropriately sized EO satellites Australian missions:
O P P O R T UNIT Y for applications identified as per now and the future
national needs in the roadmap. These Several mission concepts have been
Australia has the potential to complete ensures continued access to vital longer cost-prohibitive but they capabilities will also meet commercial identified as a part of the roadmap
its EO ecosystem by manufacturing international EO data remain a significant investment and mission needs. process. The mission concepts are
EO satellites and payloads, informed require strategic consideration. The expected to evolve and new needs
• mitigate natural disaster risk
by our expertise in EO data utilisation. cost of establishing the ability to are expected to be identified over the
through the collection of niche EO OUTCOME
This would strengthen our capacity to: manufacture operational EO satellite course of the decadal
data of particular relevance to
systems and payloads has historically implementation of this roadmap.
• build Australian satellite Australia Australian industrial satellite
been met by governments in space-
manufacturing capability for manufacturing capabilities have been
• develop a skilled and experienced faring nations. This focus segment Priority mission purposes
EO, providing the experience established that allow the nation to fulfil
manufacturing workforce that can highlights the opportunity to leverage The following mission purposes are
necessary to meet Defence, GA Australian operational and scientific
support other parts of the space government purchasing power as considered the highest priorities for
and BOM EO needs in the next EO needs, complementing and
sector and broader economy as well as opportunities for industry Australia:
decade consistent with Australia’s established
well. to support the growth of Australia’s
international EO relationships,
• provide a needed contribution space industry that will deliver key • Satellite cross-calibration
Upstream space activities are no obligations and agreements.
to the global EO system that capabilities for government. radiometers to support improved
Governmental capacity to lead national calibration of international
missions where appropriate and to operational EO missions and
support Australian industry to access improved interoperability of data
national and global opportunities from different satellites
including supply chains. The following descriptors are used for
Indicators of success include increased capability in Australia in the following areas: Space manufacturing capabilities are • National water quality monitoring Australian, National and Sovereign
scalable and transferable to support – with international scalability Missions:
• Space program and project management • Spacecraft integration, testing and qualification, other strategic civil space priority Australian missions
areas, with the creation of hosted • National bushfire fuel load
• Space missions System Engineering life cycle from operations and disposal Made in Australia for any purpose,
payload opportunities and inter- monitoring – with international
mission design to disposal • Launch integration and access to space including government or commercial.
operable platforms. scalability
• Scalable and sustainable manufacturing of mission- • Calibration and maintenance
National missions
critical ground and space subsystems • International supply chain opportunities Australian space manufacturing • Operational meteorological data Providing a service for a national
• Operational payloads developed for Australian and • Technology Readiness Level (TRL) raising processes for industry meets its decadal objectives collection, including in purpose. May be owned or operated
international primes translating research to operational technology as identified in the Space National geostationary orbit by any company or country; Australia
• Space Missions procurement processes Manufacturing Priority Roadmap – may not have full control of tasking or
goals and benchmarks. • National maritime surveillance download.
capabilities
Sovereign missions
Providing a service for a national
Note: Other valuable mission purposes and associated technologies are identified in the pathways chart and could be Photo Top: Artist impression of ERS 2, European Space Agency
purpose. Completely responsive to
Photo Right: Artist’s impression of CSIROSat-1, CSIRO; Artist’s impression of Kanyini Satellite, Inovor Technologies;
progressed through a coordinated technology development program. Artist’s impression of SpIRIT Mission, Melbourne Space Laboratory (University of Melbourne) and SpIRIT consortium; Australian entities and their priorities.
Majura Spacecraft, Skykraft; Laser Stabilisation Instrument for GRACE mission, Emily Rose Rees, Australian National
University; Trapped-ion quantum hardware for next generation computing, M. J. Biercuk
20 - Australian Space Agency Earth Observation from Space Roadmap - 21You can also read
