Drones and Tomorrow's Airspace "Getting to Yes" - African Drone Forum
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Drones and Tomorrow’s Airspace
“Getting to Yes”
!
Committed to improving the state of the world
Our mission statement Our motto
The World Economic Forum, committed Entrepreneurship in the global public
to improving the state of the world, is the interest
International Organization for Public-
Private Cooperation.
The Forum engages the foremost
political, business and other leaders of
society to shape global, regional and
industry agendas.
World Economic Forum ®
!
3
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Infrastructure as an Example
Unique Challenges Require Novel Solutions
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New Paradigms for Drone Regulation
How can regulators unlock the potential of drones for data, delivery, and transportation?
Goal
Timeline
Outdated policies are impeding both
life-saving and economically impactful ! September 2017: Government
uses cases for drone. This project is of Rwanda partners with C4IR
to co-design new drone
enabling regulatory innovation to keep
regulation.
pace with technical innovation.
Impact ! January 2018: Rwandan
cabinet approves new
! Co-Designed and Implemented regulation.
national drone regulation in
Rwanda, now being tested. ! June 2018: Drone Innovators
Network launch event
! Drone Innovator’s Network (DIN)
established and the 1st Toolkit is ! September 2019: Broad
being developed for publication. circulation of updated
framework.
! Iteration and Implementation of
regulation and policy in second test.
!
Rwandan Pilot Project
Regulatory Recommendations
Draft Regulations were shared with WEF, by the Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority
(RCAA)
Draft Regulations were co-curated by incorporating and evolving Best Practice
Standards (ASTM), EASA Prototype Regulations, JARUS SORA, and energy
based guidance from UK CAP 722.
Sets up a risk based framework with 3 major categories similar to EASA
• Basic – No authorization, just notification within operational scope
• Specific – Aligns with EASA specific category
• Complex – BVLOS, Multiple Vehicles per Operator, Highly Autonomous, etc.
7
Rwandan Pilot Project
Stakeholder Engagement & Learning
Core Stakeholders
! Rwanda Civil Aviation Authority (RCAA)
! Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA)
! Ministry of Youth & ICT (MYICT)
! Office of the President (OTP)
! Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA)
! Private Sector Federation – ICT Chamber
Direct Stakeholders
! Rwanda Bureau of Standards (RBS)
! Ministry of Local Government (MINALOC)
! Ministry of Justice
! Ministry of Health (MINISANTE)
! Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI)
! Rwanda Insurers Association (RIA)
!
! Smart Africa Secretariat
! Charis Drones
! FabLab Rwanda !
How do you Operationalize it?
Permitting and Licensing Flowchart
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What are the Requirements?
Toys – Under 250g
Basic – Size, Location,
Affiliation with Sports Club.
Specific – Commercial, Medium
Risk characteristics.
- speed, size, purpose,
Complex – Commercial, High-
Risk characteristics.
- Autonomous, multiple
vehicle per operator, BVLOS,
urban environments, near
airport
World Economic Forum ®
!"Policy Challenges
Past, Present, Future
Present (Integrate)
! Identification and Tracking
! Over People
! Beyond Visual Line of Sight
! Autonomous Flights
! Certification processes Re-imagined
! Multiple Vehicles per Operator
! Commercial Expansion
Past (Accommodate) ! Software Design Assurance Process Future (Evolve)
! Pilotless Vehicles ! Full-Scale Delivery
! Low Altitude ! “Autonomoation”
! Rural Operations ! Hybrid Designs
! Small Drones ! Certification Processes
! Within Visual Line of Sight ! Data Ownership, Migration,
! Data Capture Only Consumption
! Public Operations Only ! Privacy
! Mixed-Traffic (UTM)
World Economic Forum ®
! V2V, V2I, V2x
!!The Challenge According to Government
Government Perspective
• Safety – What safety data do I need?
• Security – How do you maintain security?
• Reliability – Are these systems capable?
• Resilience - What are the cyber threats?
• Enforcement – How can regulations be enforced?
• Reality vs. Fiction – What is real and what isn’t?
12The Challenge According to Industry & Academia Societal Perspective • Access to Airspace – Where can I fly legally? • Standards and Best Practices – What will be accepted by CAAs? • Licensing and Training Requirements – What licenses are recognized? • Opportunities – Which use cases are approvable? • Stability – Are the rules today the same as tomorrow? • Transparency - Decision making should be easy to understand 13
Getting to Yes – Step 1
Regulations and Compliance
Regulatory Compliance
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World Economic Forum ®Operational Risk Assessment for sUAS Standard (ASTM WK4679-16)
FAA Recognized AMOC for Authorizations
Severity of Occurring Hazard
Severity Level Definition Value
Non-sUAS Equipment destroyed (such as electrical
Catastrophic transmission lines, substation, water treatment facility, 5
etc); multiple fatalities
Large reduction in safety margins; vast reduction in ability
Hazardous to complete duties accurately; single fatality or serious 4
injury; major equipment damage.
Significant reduction in safety margins; reduction in the
ability of pilots to cope with adverse operating conditions
Major 3
as a result of increased workload; serious accident; injury
to persons.
Minor Nuisance; minor incident; 2
Negligible Little or no negative consequence 1
15Operational Risk Assessment for sUAS Standard (ASTM WK4679-16)
FAA Recognized AMOC for Authorizations
Likelihood of Hazard Occurring During an Operation
Likelihood Level Definition Value
Frequent Likely to occur many times 5
Occasional Likely to occur sometimes 4
Remote Unlikely, but possible, to occur 3
Improbable Very unlikely to occur 2
Extremely Improbable Almost inconceivable to occur 1
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/(8$2'7Specific Operational Risk Assessment
Likelihood of
Likelihood of Likelihood of
person struck by Likelihood
Fatal injuries to having UAS
= X the UA if the X that, if struck,
third parties on operation out-
operation is out of person is killed
ground of-control
control
Likelihood
Likelihood of the that, if struck,
Likelihood of Likelihood of
other A.C. struck the other AC
Fatal injuries to having UAS
= X by the UA if the X cannot
third parties in operation out-
operation is out of continue a
the air of-control
control safe flight and
landing
Likelihood of
Likelihood
Likelihood of critical
Likelihood of that, if struck,
having UAS infrastructure
Damage to critical = X X the critical
operation out- struck by the UA if
infrastructure infrastructure
of-control operation is out of
is damaged
controlGetting to Yes – Step 2
Implementation (CONOPS focused Mitigations)
System Environment Mission Personnel
Certification Weather reporting Data management rules Training
Parachute Flight Plan Operations manuals Pilot licensing
Redundancies UTM Training on mission types Company training
Size limitations Airspace zoning Safety management systems requirements
Speed limitation Guidelines for location Community membership Background checks
Geofencing Safety requirements requirements Security team engagement
Tethering Reporting requirements Registration and approvals Flights hours
Signal repeater Location authorizations Payload Flight records
Fail-safe Population density Separation from vehicles and Crew size
Strobe lighting property Visual Observor
Licensed Spectrum
Third party Software?
19Getting to Yes – Step 3 Advanced Operational Oversight System Failures Modes Fishbone Analysis !"#$%&' ()*' +,,'-. /'-01#-"$23'4)$%.#)1 How a credible failure leads to harm !"#$%&'2),2.0'2 9)22#804)2':#0*##2' (damage) .&"145#..'&2 0+12,3400#+'126' #$%$&'()*#+',-((./' +#8#4;#+'4,'
Drones for Good
Make it Meaningful
World Economic Forum ®
!"Drones and Tomorrow’s Airspace
Harrison Wolf Harrison.wolf@weforum.org
Thank you!
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