Disaster Preparedness Training-Severe Respiratory Disease associated with a Novel Infectious Agent - Updated at 10:00 on 7 Feb 2020 - HONG KONG BUZZ
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Disaster Preparedness Training-
Severe Respiratory Disease associated
with a Novel Infectious Agent
Updated at 10:00
on 7 Feb 2020
• The Hong Kong Red Cross ("HKRC") was established
About Hong Kong Red Cross
in 1950
• The International Red Cross and Red Crescent
Movement (International Red Cross) comprises
192 National Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies worldwide; More than 100 million people
have joined as members and volunteers around the
world
• As part of the International Red Cross Movement,
we dedicate ourselves to:
The Hong Kong Red Cross adheres
to the fundamental principles of the International Red Cross and Red
Crescent Movement, including Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality,
Independence, Voluntary Service, Unity and Universality
In our service provisions,
• Primary consideration is humanitarian principle – strive to prevent and alleviate
people’s suffering；
• Follow the principle of impartiality- do not discriminate based on nationality, race,
religion, class or political views but based on needs only with priority given to those
most needed；
• In all circumstance adheres to the principle of neutrality, we do not take sides in
hostilities or engage at any time in controversies of a political, racial, religious or
ideological nature, in order to gain trusts and acceptance from all parties, in order
to continuous services to people to those in needs.
Hong Kong Red Cross has been committed to providing disaster preparedness
education to the public and organizing regular trainings with various themes regularly
to response on the social needs in the hope of enhancing response capacity to crises
and emergencies and thus reducing casualties in case of disasters.
Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)
• Also known as "Severe Respiratory Disease associated
with a Novel Infectious Agent“
• Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that
cause illness ranging from the common cold to more
severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS-CoV)
• 2019 novel coronavirus (2019nCoV) is a new strain that has
not been previously identified in humans before the
outbreak occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province since
December 2019
• Many of the patients reportedly had
some link to a large seafood and animal
market meaning it is transmitted
among animals and between animals
and people.
• A growing number of patients
reportedly have not had exposure to
animal markets, confirming the
transmission from person to person is
occurring
• At this time, it is unclear how easily or
sustainably this virus is spreading
between people
• The transmission is through contacting the respiratory droplets of infected person and Fecal-oral route • Incubation period can be as long as 14 days • No vaccine at the moment • Only supportive treatment could be given
• Symptoms: Respiratory symptoms, fever, malaise, dry cough and shortness of breath • In serious condition, infection may be complicated by pneumonia or even death
Latest Situation of Severe Respiratory Disease
associated with a Novel Infectious Agent
• Since 31 December 2019 (as of 6 February 2020, 12:00 noon), the Centre
for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health has received
reports of a total of 1100 cases fulfilling the reporting criteria of Severe
Respiratory Disease associated with a Novel Infectious Agent, including 22
confirmed cases of novel coronavirus (including 1 fatal case) and 920 cases
which were ruled out as novel coronavirus infection. The remaining 158
cases were still hospitalised for investigation. Separately, the CHP has
received notification of the 23rd and 24 th confirmed case after 6 February
2020, 12:00 noon.
• Currently, the MacLehose Holiday Village and the Lei Yue Mun Park and
Holiday Village have turned into quarantine centres. As at 12 noon,
February 1, nearly 60 accommodation units have been occupied. In light of
the needs, the Po Leung Kuk Jockey Club Pak Tam Chung Holiday Camp will
also be operated as a quarantine centre soon. Some 90 units are provided in
the three quarantine centres.
Source: HKSAR Press Release and Centre for Health
Protectionhttps://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/enhanced_sur_pneumonia_wuhan_eng.pdf
Novel Coronavirus Infection Local Situation Interactive Map Dashboard Screen cap at 1055 on 7 Feb 2020 For most updated situation: dashboard.geodata.gov.hk/nia/en.html
(as of February 6, 2020, 23:59) • According to the latest update by Centre for Health Protection, Number of 2019-nCoV cases in Mainland China: 31,161 cases including 4,821 cases in serious condition and 636 death cases. • Number of 2019-nCoV cases in other countries/areas: at least 267 cases Source: HKSAR Press Release and Centre for Health Protection https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/statistics_of_the_cases_novel_coronavirus_infec tion_en.pdf
Infection Prevention
Chain of Infection
Four crucial factors for the spread of
communicable diseases:
1. Infective Agent
2. Source of Infection
3. Mode of Transmission
4. Host
121. Infective Agent
An infective agent is a micro-organism that will
cause an infection.
An infective agent Includes：
Bacteria Fungi
Viruses Parasite
13
132. Source of Infection
A reservoir where infective agents can live,
parasitise and breed
Includes:
• Infected human, e.g. patients, carriers and
people with latent infections
• Livestock
• Insects
• Soil
143. Mode of Transmission
Refers to the method of transfer by which
the infective agent moves or is carried
from one place to another, eg:
• Contact
• Respiratory Droplet
• Air-borne
• Food or water borne
• Vector-borne (e.g. mosquito)
• Blood or body fluid
• Mother-to-child transmission 15
154. Host
• Host refer to the susceptible population with
weakened body immunity
• Some people are more prone to. For instance,
young children, elders and patients with chronic
diseases
16If suspected infection, should be isolated for 14 days
Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing
Personal Hygiene Wash your hand frequently
Personal Hygiene
Surgical Mask
• Wearing mask is one of the measures to prevent respiratory tract
infections
• It can help to prevent infections transmitted by respiratory
droplets
• During the outbreak, wear a surgical mask when staying in
crowded places
• Wear surgical mask when feeling unwell
22Personal Hygiene
Surgical Mask
• Outer – fluid-repelling layer
• Middle – as a barrier to germs
• Inner – moisture-absorbing
23Personal Hygiene
Points to note on wearing a surgical mask
• Perform hand hygiene before
putting on a surgical mask
• Avoid touching the surgical mask
after wearing.
• Do not share the mask
• Mask should not be reused
• Perform hand hygiene after taking
off a surgical mask
• Do not use the mask in reverse
• Discard the used mask in a lidded
rubbish bin
24Proper use of mask
When used properly, surgical masks can prevent infections
transmitted by respiratory droplets:
the side with folds facing downwards of the surgical
mask should face outwards
the metallic strip uppermost (nose bridge)1. The side with folds facing 2. Position the elastic bands 3. Extend the surgical mask to downwards of the surgical around both ears to fix the fully cover mouth, nose and mask should face outwards mask on face chin with the metallic strip uppermost and hold ear-loops 4-5. Mould the metallic strip over nose bridge and the surgical 6. Done mask should fit snugly over the face
Personal Hygiene
• Do not touch your nose, mouth or
eyes before hand washing
• Cover your mouth and nose when
sneezing or coughing
• Perform hand hygiene frequently, especially after
touching public installations; or when hands are
contaminated by respiratory secretionPersonal Hygiene
• Avoid touching animals (including game),
poultry/birds or their droppings
• Avoid crowded places
• Avoid making close contact with patients, especially
those with symptoms of acute respiratory
infections
• Avoid affected area
• After returning to HK, consult a doctor promptly if
having respiratory symptoms, inform the doctor of
recent travel history and wear a surgical mask to
help prevent spread of the diseaseEnvironmental Hygiene
Environmental Hygiene
Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces at least daily by 1:99 diluted
household bleach for non-metallic surface, wait until dry and rinse with
water, or use 70% alcohol for metallic surface
If places are contaminated by respiratory secretions, vomitus or excreta, use
disposable towels to wipe them away. Then disinfect the surface and the
neighboring area by 1:49 diluted household bleach, or use 70% alcohol for
metallic surface
Ratio Use Characteristic
Disinfect surfaces or articles
contaminated with blood • Organic material weakens the
spillage effect
• Metal Corrosion
Disinfect surfaces or articles • Change the diluted bleach to
contaminated with vomitus, ensure its effectiveness
excreta, secretions or blood • a toxic gas is produced when
bleach is mixed with acidic
General household cleaning detergentsEnvironmental
Hygiene
Keep windows open or switch on exhaust fans to
maintain good indoor ventilation
Avoid visiting wet markets, live poultry markets or
farms
Wrap up rubbish properly before putting it in a bin with
a well-fitting lid. Empty the bin once a day.
Wash hands after handling refuse
Carpets should be kept clean by daily vacuum cleaning
and regular washing.Food Hygiene Do not consume game meat or patronize food premises where game meat is served Avoiding consuming raw or undercooked animal products, including milk, eggs and meat Avoiding consuming foods which may be contaminated by animal secretions, excretions (such as urine) or contaminated products, unless they have been properly cooked, washed or peeled
Food Hygiene
• Choose (Choose safe raw materials)
• Clean (Keep hands and utensils clean)
• Separate (Separate raw and cooked food)
• Cook (Cook thoroughly)
• Safe Temperature (Keep food at safe
temperature- at or below 4℃ or at or above
60℃ to avoid the growth of pathogenic
bacteria.)
36Healthy Living
Build up good body immunity; against infection
• Avoiding smoking and reduce drinking
• Regular exercise
• Having a proper diet
• Adequate rest
37Humanity in Action!
What could we do?
1. Share the prevention 2. Share the protective
information to those equipment to the needy
people with low groups if capable
Feature story:
circulation"The largest challenge is not the virus but the
fear of the local citizens toward the virus."
Dr. YEUNG Pui-shan
Public Health Doctor
Participated in countering Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014
http://paper.wenweipo.com/2014/08/27/HK1408270036.htm"The fear and discrimination of viruses affect
basic medical services."
Dr. Eliza Cheung
Clinical psychologist
Participated in countering Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014Smallpox is the only infectious disease to have
ever been eradicated. Dr. Larry Brilliant, an
epidemic expert who have been involved in
countering smallpox virus, thinks personal
perspective on understanding the risks and
threats of epidemic is the key of the global
public health.
https://www.thestandnews.com/society/%E9%9D%A2%E5%B0%8D%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E7%96%AB%E7%97%87-
%E6%88%91%E5%80%91%E6%9C%89%E5%8B%9D%E7%AE%97%E5%97%8E/"Outbreaks are inevitable. Epidemics are
optional. When everyone is involved,
humans have an opportunity to prevent
from severely terrible disasters."
Dr. Larry BrilliantAn effective disaster prevention is to support
each other during difficult time
and care for the needs of people aroundReference • https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/q-a- detail/q-a-coronaviruses • https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/index.html • https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/index.ht ml • https://www.chp.gov.hk/tc/healthtopics/co ntent/24/102466.html
You can also read
