Development of family businesses and their incidence in economic profitability
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 125 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 Development of family businesses and their incidence in economic profitability Desarrollo de empresas familiares y su incidencia en la rentabilidad económica Irlanda Maridueña Macancela, Erika Romero Cárdenas, Miguel Astudillo Quiñonez, Mayra D’Armas Regnault Key words: family business, organizational balance, making-decision, dynamic leadership Palabras clave: empresa familiar, equilibrio organizacional, toma de decisiones, liderazgo dinámico ABSTRACT RESUMEN In family businesses, making decisions and En las empresas familiares, la toma de assuming responsibilities are in charge of the decisiones y la asunción de responsabilidades leader of each organization, therefore, the right está a cargo del líder de cada organización, por operations and the sale strategies play a very lo que las operaciones adecuadas y las important role in the business profitability. estrategias de venta juegan un papel muy This fact demands the analysis and resolution importante en la rentabilidad del negocio. Este of the problems they must face to maintain the hecho exige el análisis y resolución de los organization's sustainability. The aim of this problemas que deben afrontar para mantener work is to demonstrate how family businesses la sostenibilidad de la organización. El objetivo develop, as well as the economic profitability of de este trabajo es demostrar cómo se the population in Milagro, and the difficulties desarrollan las empresas familiares, así como la to stay in business which depends on the rentabilidad económica de la población de presence of an organizational balance. Milagro, y las dificultades para mantenerse en Observation, deductive and inductive methods el negocio, el cual depende de la existencia de were used in a random sample, applying a un equilibrio organizativo. Se utilizaron survey to 150 local entrepreneurs. Results métodos de observación, deductivos e showed the need for making immediate inductivos en una muestra aleatoria, aplicando decisions related to the limited attention to una encuesta a 150 empresarios locales. Los human, administrative and technological resultados mostraron la necesidad de tomar resources. This leads to maintaining the right decisiones inmediatas relacionadas con la management which applies varied strategies escasa atención a los recursos humanos, and dynamic leadership with a family business administrativos y tecnológicos. Esto lleva a vision keeping their competitiveness. mantener una gestión adecuada que aplica estrategias variadas y un liderazgo dinámico con una visión de empresa familiar manteniendo su competitividad. Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 126 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, companies and commerce, in company” (Hurtado, Negrete & Romero, general, present a series of phases and 2018). This involves generating an control guidelines for the correct administrative process in order to highlight application of processes and procedures policies and other processes that serve to prior to the general analysis of the business plan, organize, direct, and control the function. different business activities. Without a doubt, the main source of The main objective of family businesses in economic, social, and family income in most cases is to generate a source of work Ecuador is oil and the export of non- and at the same time have their own traditional products through small production in progress. This implies that businesses formed by entrepreneurial the increase in entrepreneurship can families at the country level. (González et involve, in many cases, hiring people al, 2016). outside the family. Therefore, this means of According to Zachary et al (2013), “the work also leads to the expansion of the development of family businesses requires family business, and with it, the offer of responsibility and commitment”, that is, a products in new markets. This fact allows demand for a clear and safe family vision addressing customers not only at local level that allows making decisions effectively but also at national one, which is of great and assertively. benefit to the community. Consequently, The authors state that “the terminology of the strengthening of the economic business development is linked to the development of family businesses is administration and direction of a obtained (Barroso & Barriuso, 2014). METHODOLOGY family groups engaged in these economic activities. In this section, the authors detail the Quantitative and qualitative methods were dynamics applied in the process of used to determine the steps of this research. economic transformation based on the This descriptive research explores a development of family businesses in the quantitative approach based on statistical country. data coming from a survey, which was A descriptive and cross-sectional tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted to get exploratory analysis of the problems that to reliable results. Additionally, an existed in the process mentioned above observation method was used in order to was used. The analysis was based on its analyze some important aspects of the corresponding research that seeks to variables with the aim of identifying how demonstrate the economic behavior of well family businesses develop in this Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 127 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 country and the opportunities they have to men and 76 women. It was estimated to keep on growing. survey people between 18 and 50 years old, In this work, a survey with 10 questions 130 were from the urban area and 20 from was carried out, which was applied to 150 the rural area. people within the locality of Milagro, 74 DEVELOPMENT businesses with ventures that provide economic stability to many people. In At present, family businesses constitute an Milagro city, in the commercial sector, important source of production in town. family businesses occupy a high level of This helps to ease people's need for jobs growth with companies that are born from since in Ecuador there is a lack of informality and reach to be production employment. Providing jobs contributes enterprises (Camino & Bermudez, 2018). significantly to business development and However, the economic transformation to profitable production with a high level of requires a series of factors that encourage employees' empowerment and the development and advancement of responsibility to maintain the economy family businesses in Ecuador. This implies (Pacheco & Vizueta, 2016). a deep reflection by the entrepreneurs On the other hand, every business should regarding economic support and in the have the help of technological tools that emphasis on the family nucleus. boost financial control in terms of products, In Ecuador, family businesses represent an incomes, and expenses. However, in important productive-economic force Ecuador, not all business owners are because of the active role that it performs in interested in using these types of tools due the labor sector. This is reflected in the to a lack of knowledge, time, or dedication. creation of places of jobs which constitute This reality limits their growth and 90% of all the labor force which gives great competition in the market. Therefore, their stability to the country's economy businesses are generally exposed to (Cabanilla, 2019). conditions of the market variations which Additionally, “A family business is one in usually affect them negatively (Zamora, which the founding family owns a 2018). significant share of its capital”, which According to statistical data presented by allows the family to run the business the Ecuadorian Superintendence of (Muiruri, Waithira & Wachira, 2016). In Company and Insurance, in 2017, from addition, it is a common fact that in family 50,000 family businesses nationwide, 90.5% businesses, they incorporate some of its were registered to the system (Universo, family members to the management 2018). Similarly, this data shows that in positions, which allows reaching the goal Guayas province, 38% constitute family Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 128 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 of ownership continuity through time, country, since companies usually maintain keeping their business philosophy, and their initial features with their respective their product quality. This fact also assures control standards. Likewise, their mission, them to have their business under control. vision, and values provide them with Unquestionably, family businesses have relevance, stability, and recognition in the been a pillar of great importance for the commercial sector (Ecuador, 2018). active commercial production of this Figure 1. Family businesses which belong to big economic groups in Ecuador Source: https://n9.cl/38i53 (Andrade & Salomón, 2017). They have This fact allows them to achieve business ownership, control, and monitor, recognition in the national market, which assure them of their continuity in the becoming productive references business field. Therefore, they stand out throughout the history of Ecuador. regarding changes and innovations However, not all family businesses have required by the official control organisms. always been successful; there are some In family businesses, there is a diversity of family businesses that have experienced problems that affect their development and successes and failures. The following table efficiency. The lack of organization related shows some successful family businesses to an appropriate organizational structure which belong to known economic groups with correct hierarchic levels and functions in Ecuador. within their members is a remarkable cause. This affects negatively their Organization of family businesses performance taking into account that there A family business, in general, is a is a need to incorporate operational plans commercial institution made up of one or more family members, who set their before, during, and after a business process. These plans must be considered as interests based on decision-making Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 129 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 part of investment costs which have great employees, which will cause revenue to the importance when thinking of opening a organization. business or venture. So, the people who On the other hand, investment is an have to make the right decisions must be important element to improve the quality the appropriate ones in the different levels and presentation of the product. That is (Viteri & Tapia, 2018). why wide and varied advertising is a need Similarly, most of these organizations do for the organization. This allows family not have experience in the business field businesses to be productive becoming their which leads them to low economic owners in successful entrepreneurs who performance and consequently in a loss of transform the economy of the country. the invested capital (Pacheco & Vizueta, Definitely, family businesses are 2016). organizations that generate active In addition to a lack of a good production through the supply of quality organizational structure, inadequate goods and services emphasizing the vision communication between family business towards the economic development of the members also influences business country as well as identifying labour efficiency. This fact brings a series of relations and resources to achieve the conflicts and opposing views that affect planned objectives (Salinas & Osorio, 2012). their productivity, progress, and growth. Importance of family businesses Hence, the right and true leadership must Undoubtedly, Ecuadorians are people with be a fundamental part of every company, multiple abilities and thoughts that are as this will open opportunities for personal always willing to take part in the and business growth. These way workers development of family businesses. This are able to develop the needed skills that type of entrepreneurship initially emerges demand the solution to internal conflicts, from the family members' predisposition to thereby changing their attitude and form this venture, acquiring debts and implementing positive changes that allow economic responsibilities that must be the accomplishment of the business covered for a long period of time until mission and vision (Hurtado, Santamaría & implementing the business or company. Verdesoto, 2016). At the national level, it is recognized that The type of service and the presentation of family entrepreneurship generates a high the product of family businesses are a level of affirmative production which fundamental part of having customers provides economic growth for the country. satisfied both in the service and the type of Therefore, it is fundamental in the product that is offered. For this, the economic field due to the positive effects potentially active and predisposed staff is that are reached related to providing jobs required with the qualities of good and welfare to the population which leads to rising their living standards and Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 130 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 consequently reducing the unemployment allow progress in the commercial field rate in this country (Camino & Bermudez, (Líderes, 2019). 2018). The importance of the succession of All this allows concluding, that any suitable business leaders assures a family informal person but with certain skills and of the conservation and success in their a business vision can be motivated to start business. In Milagro city, there are several a company. They are very likely to become family businesses that have lasted over entrepreneurs capable of hiring other time. This is because they have assured a people, by producing and at the same time correct selection of successor managers increasing labour sources. who have applied positive changes with In Milagro city, 20% of businesses are successful strategies in their organizations. public limited companies, 5.08% are Thereby, they generate gradual progress limited companies, 30.85% are free and prestige on the family businesses. With companies and the other 46.44% are family no doubt, a change of management in these businesses that do not have a legal business businesses usually provides a new vision constitution. with excellent perspectives to apply Therefore, what is considered as an appropriate strategies to improve and lead informal economy represents a high these companies to growth and success. percentage in Milagro city. This leads to the Even though, the selection of a new empowerment to maintain these work successor is usually forced due to illness, sources as a valid alternative in the search old age, or death of the founder of the of providing jobs to the economically active organization, it must be seriously population. considered the possibility of doing it based on the skills, training, and vision of the new Succession process of family businesses generation members who see the world In our country, the chances of survival of family businesses are limited due to several from another economic, technological, and modern perspective. factors, such as the limited planning, organization, and choice of who the Ecuadorian economic transformation successor managers will be. This usually In 2002, in the United States, there were 17 results in the bankruptcy, disappearance, entities focused on the creation, guidance, elimination, or termination of these and help of family businesses. These were companies due to a lack of correct attached to the most important business planning. This means that in the short, schools in the country, generally medium, and long term are only generated developing interdisciplinary work with the actions in an empirical and precipitous intervention of administrators, manner. In turn, this fact results in wrong psychologists, sociologists, and lawyers, decisions with no business strategies that mainly (Mera & Bermeo, 2017). Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 131 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 This is an example to follow in Ecuador in however, the attention given to them by the order to help family businesses to be official entities is rather minimal. organized and set their bases of true Therefore, it is essential to address more business structures that allow them to grow attention to them according to their and maintain themselves in the commercial particular characteristics with the aim of activity no matter how hard the stimulating their development and making competence of big businesses could be. them more efficient (Vanoni & Rodríguez, This way, family businesses would be 2017). stronger and provide jobs sustainably and According to data from the Ecuadorian be a clue factor for the economic Superintendence of Companies, the transformation in Ecuador. productive matrix is generated based on the high rate of entrepreneurship, which What is a family business? encourages micro-entrepreneurs to Given the multiple features within family continue innovating the market. businesses, it is difficult to unify an On the other hand, the government system applicable definition for this term. has provided strategic and logistic help However, the Ecuadorian Superintendence that makes it possible for businesses to of Companies (1971) describes that a family massify economic production from a business is the one in which there is a blood national level to an international one. This relationship between two or more partners efficiency results in family businesses up to the second degree, or that partners be constantly strengthening as well as united to each other by marriage, and that innovate their products to keep themselves additionally, partners execute economic, active in the market (Aguilar & Briozzo, financial or administrative control over the 2020). company (Mera & Bermeo, 2017). Below there are some tables showing the Nowadays, there are many family businesses in this country and it is to be types of companies, global and individual amounts, and the number of family and expected that they continue increasing in non-family businesses. the future. In Ecuador, around 70% of According to the data from the Ecuadorian companies are family-owned, which National Institute of Statistics and Census produces an important effect in terms of job (INEC, 2010), the number of family creation and economic development for the businesses in Milagro city is 5099, which is country. For this reason, it is necessary that dedicated to formal trade. These data are both public and private institutions provided by Cámara de Comercio de promote the incorporation of this type of Milagro (Censos, 2010). entrepreneurship into the formal economic activity of the country. Family businesses have a great impact on the development of the economy of towns; Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 132 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 Table 1. Types of Business in Milagro city the performance, performance and growth in relation to the products they offer and Alternative Number Percentage their relationships with their clients and the Big Family 2.620 9% environment of trust (Jiménez & Cueva, Business 2019). Medium Family 7.803 26% Business Economic productivity and the succession Small Family process of family businesses Business 19.729 65% The succession process in family businesses 30.152 100% plays a very important role in generating economic productivity; therefore, it is essential that the leaders of these Micro 35,000 family companies provide all kinds of information business; 28.748; to the new generations. In this aspect, it is 30,000 89% important to provide relevant data which 25,000 allows the business progress, in such a way that, economic productivity reflects and 20,000 maintains through active strategies that Micro 15,000 non- provide confidence in the application of family 10,000 business; new product presentations, promotions 3.503; and above all. In other words, the processes 5,000 11% are well founded, in order to avoid setbacks 0 that harm to the new management to exercise their role (Santamaría, E. & Pico, Figure 2. Types of Business F., 2015). On the other hand, the economic Economic profitability of family productivity of these companies reflect businesses through a continuous analysis of supply Undoubtedly, family businesses have and demand to know the advantages and highlighted analyzes investigative based disadvantages that identified in time, with on their dimensions in terms of the this, carry a statistical analysis of assets and participation and direction of the company, liabilities, which will demonstrate providing aspects of generational transfer, transparency in the economic sphere and economic and labor commitment. This the continuity of the family business. analysis provides the opportunity to Finally, productivity measures through highlight relevant aspects of profitability in strategies, promotions, discounts, product companies. It is important to recognize that timeliness, which show the progress of most family business structures maintain a family businesses. long-term permanence, which evidence in Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 133 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS In the Table 3, referring to the economic The information below is shown on tables investment in terms of the resources of the and graphs, which allows analyzing the family business, 49% of the investment is in results of the questions whose data provide the financial field, which results in an explanation of the reasons that influence increasing their capital, while 23% is in the permanence, development, and administration, that is, payment of the economic transformation of the Family different fixed and variable costs of the businesses. company. Additionally, 20% is dedicated Among the variety of activities in the Table to human resources, which means payment 2, the respondents answered that 36% is of wages, bonuses, hiring, among others, involved in the construction business, and and just 8% of the investment is used for 27% in the sale of drinks and food. This technological resources. result identifies the types of businesses or activities that stand out in this city. Table 3. Resources invested in family business Table 2. Type of economic activity in companies Resources in which your family business invests the most is in .. What economic activity is your company Accumulate Frequency engaged in? Percentage Percentage Percentage Accumulate Percentage Frequency Human 30 20% 20% Farming 11 7% 7% Financial 73 49% 69% Social Services 2 1% 8% Administrative 35 23% 92% Crafts 4 3% 11% Technological 12 8% 100% Cattle raising 5 4% 15% Total 150 100% Fishing 6 4% 19% Commerce 53 36% 55% Construction 5 3% 58% Mentioning to the factors that affect the Internet Services 2 1% 59% development of the company in the Table Transport 11 7% 66% 4, 50% of the respondents stated that the Television services 1 1% 67% main factor is the economic resource since Food and drinks 41 27% 94% it is extremely limited. 19% said it is the Vehicle repair 9 6% 100% lack of aid; the same percentage is due to Total 150 100% tax and law changes. Added to this, they indicated 12% due to sociocultural changes. Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 134 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 Table 4. Factors that affect business development Mentioning the regarding whether a Factors that affect business development successor manager is being prepared in the family business in the Table 6, 44% of those Accumulate surveyed stated that they “agree”, 25% Percentage Percentage Frequency “totally agree”, while 23% “disagree”, and 8% “totally disagree”. These results show that not all family businesses have the Lack of help correct vision of preparing a successor 29 19% 19% manager that leads them to growing and or advice Limited improvement of their businesses. economic Table 6. Preparing a successor manager resource to 75 50% 69% maintain your Is the business family preparing a successor company manager? Tax and law 29 19% 88% Accumulate Percentage Percentage Frequency changes Sociocultural 17 12% 100% changes Total 150 100% Totally agree 38 25% 25% In the Table 5, related to the leadership Agree 65 44% 69% style, 66% of the respondent indicated that Totally disagree 12 8% 77% the company uses “democratic leadership Disagree 35 23% 100% style”; 19% “affiliate”; 10% “autocratic” Total 150 100% and 5% “transformational”. In the Table 7, referring to whether the Table 5. Style of leadership family business has a mission, vision, and What style of leadership is applied in your business values, 52% of the respondents organization? stated “agree” and 36% “totally agree”. On the other hand, 11% indicated “disagree” Percentage Accumulate Percentage Frequency and 1% “totally disagree”. This statistical data show that 88% of all businesses have some type of regulation, structure, and organization that include Autocratic 14 10% 10% these essential elements that contribute Democratic 99 66% 76% significantly to their permanent strengthen Affiliative 29 19% 95% and sustained development. Transformational 8 5% 100% Total 150 100% Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 135 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 Table 7. Mission, vision, and business values Does your family business have a mission, vision, and business values? Frequency Percentage Accumulate Percentage Totally agree 54 36% 36% Agree 79 52% 88% Totally disagree 1 1% 89% Disagree 16 11% 100% Total 150 100% CONCLUSIONS usually the main cause for their definite closing and consequently the loss of capital. In Milagro city, family businesses represent That is why every company or business a high impact on the economic productivity even the small ones must consider all of the of the area. Over the years, these companies productive resources to be of great have taken a positive turn in terms of the importance and pay serious attention to economy due to the strategies used and the them. No matter which resource they are, contribution of the official organisms human, financial, or technological ones, which have helped them to remain with they provide security for the permanence great dynamism. Obviously, family and sustainability of companies. businesses must have clear guidelines such The profitability of companies is commonly as rules, regulations, mission, vision, and affected by not counting on these resources business values that allow them to generate or not paying due attention to them. Hence, and maintain good planning; this will companies must understand that it is contribute to their permanence and extremely important to invest in qualified growth. human resources who know how to make On the other hand, the results of this work decisions for the benefits of the company. reflect that family businesses face some Businesses, in turn, must invest in training common problems such as organizational their staff in different business areas that structure, investments of quality resources, enhance the knowledge and skills of their leadership with a poor modern vision, workers. This way, they avoid the lack of inefficient management, and limited knowledge of processes and prepare the training for human resources. An urgent human resource to contribute to reaching change for making family businesses more the business profits by performing their efficient and competitive is a must. It is roles efficiently and with a modern vision evident that these elements are affecting focused on meeting the customers' needs. their development and continuity and are In addition, it is regrettable, according to the results that not much attention is paid Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 136 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 to technological resources since only 8% this fact results in the loss of capital, and out of the capital of family businesses is finally the closing of these companies invested in it. This limitation prevents the causing unemployment. Therefore, it is proper functioning and financial control of necessary to reflect on the need of counting companies which is a clue part to make on a well-trained business successor with businesses competitive with the others. the characteristics of a leader and a vision Additionally, these companies downplay of applying innovative ideas for the their importance to the acquisition of development of the business. These leaders modern equipment and machinery that must also count on technological tools, help in the transformation process of the applications, and software that allow raw material, since they consider this efficient management of all the business investment unnecessary. It should be resources. considered that there must always be an All family business leaders must know the investment in the 4 axes of resources that variety of situations that constantly arise to aim for companies to succeed and so to exercise good leadership; however, within assure their permanence in the commercial this group of family companies, autocratic sector. Among the main investment leadership predominates. They very rarely elements, advertising stands out, which allow ceding their authority to another allows the publicity of goods and services family because they consider that they are produced and offered by the company always right when making decisions. These bringing a greater number of customers leaders do not even cede their management and better economic profitability. to other family members, limiting the trust Nevertheless, family businesses that do not between relatives and with it, creating have internal rules and regulations, labour and family conflicts that usually generally use a type of empirical affects the productivity of the business and administration, without formal consulting as a consequence the loss of capital. or advice. This fact usually generates an Therefore, it is essential the contribution of inadequate economic and financial a true leader with a good professional orientation since it does not contribute profile and modern vision according to the significantly to the interests raised for the new commercial trendsor. benefit of the whole organization. In turn, REFERENCES Aguilar, V. & Briozzo, A. (2020). Empresas Andrade, E. & Salomón, J. (2017). Influencia de familiares: estructura de capital y riqueza la cultura familiar en la actividad exportadora socioemocional. Investigación Administrativa, 49 de la mediana. INNOVA Research Journal, 2 (9), (125), 1-17. 68-85. https://doi.org/10.35426/iav49n125.07 https://doi.org/10.33890/innova.v2.n9.2017.278 Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 137 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 Barroso, A & Barriuso, C. (2014). Las empresas familiares del cantón Milagro (Trabajo de Grado). familiares. En La Agricultura y la Ganadería Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Ecuador. Extremeñas en 2014, 75-94. España: Fundación https://revistas.uta.edu.ec/Books/revadfor/Adf Caja de Badajoz. https://www.unex.es/conoce- or_v3.pdf la- Jiménez, L. & Cueva, D. (2019). Empresas uex/centros/eia/archivos/iag/2014/2014_04%20 familiares ecuatorianas: Análisis de Las%20empresas%20familiares.pdf rentabilidad en el período 2007-2017. Digital Cabanilla, G. (6 de abril de 2019). Las empresas Publisher, 4 (Extra 5-1), 58-70. familiares salvan la economía y la familia. https://doi.org/10.33386/593dp.2019.5-1.154 Extra.ec Líderes, R. (12 de octubre de 2019). La empresa https://www.extra.ec/noticia/opinion/empresa de gestión familiar es más rentable. s-familiares-salvan-economia-familia- https://www.revistalideres.ec/lideres/empresa 2741196.html -gestionfamiliar-rentable-desempeno- Camino, S. & Bermúdez, N. (2018). Las inversion.html Empresas Familiares en el Ecuador: Definición Mera, P. & Bermeo, C. (2017). Importancia de y aplicación metodológica. X-Pedientes las empresas familiares en la economía de un Económicos, 2 (3), 46-72. país. Revista Publicando, 4 (12), 506-531. https://ojs.supercias.gob.ec/index.php/X- https://revistapublicando.org/revista/index.ph pedientes_Economicos/article/view/42 p/crv/article/view/721 Censos, I. N. (2010). INEC. Muiruri, S; Waithira, V; Wachira, M. (2016). https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/estadistic Family business founders’ influence on future as-de-las-empresas/ survival of family businesses. International Ecuador, P. (2018). Family Business Survey. Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, https://www.pwc.ec/es/Encuesta-de- 4 (1), 560 - 575. http://ijecm.co.uk/wp- Empresas-Familiares-2018/Family-Business- content/uploads/2016/01/4132.pdf Survey-Ecuador-2018.pdf Pacheco, M. & Vizueta, J. (2016). La Filantropía González, M; Núñez, A; Basantez, R; Basantez, en las Empresas Familiares del Ecuador. Revista J; Bonilla, E. (2016). La asociatividad y su Científica ECOCIENCIA, 4(1), 1-22. incidencia en la economía familiar. Anuario https://doi.org/10.21855/ecociencia.41.21 Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Peña, E. (2014). Manual de Formación 8, 34-47. Sociocultural III. Plan 2009. https://anuarioeco.uo.edu.cu/index.php/aeco/a https://es.scribd.com/doc/222519783/Manual- rticle/view//1911 de-Formacion-Sociocultural-III-Plan-2009-2 Hurtado, R., Santamaría, F. & Verdesoto, S. Salinas, F. & Osorio, L. (2012). Emprendimiento y (2016). La capitalización de la empresa familiar Economía Social, oportunidades y efectos en una en proceso de expansión empresarial. Revista sociedad en transformación. CIRIEC-España, 129- Administración Formativa, 6-12. 151. https://revistas.uta.edu.ec/Books/revadfor/Adf https://base.socioeco.org/docs/_pdf_174_17425 or_v3.pdf 798008.pdf Hurtado, T, Negrete, J & Romero, E. (2018). Santamaría, E. & Pico, F. (2015). Sucesión en las Análisis del desarrollo empresarial y su incidencia Empresas Familiares: Análisis delosfactores en la rentabilidad económica en las empresas estratégicos que influyen en la dinámica Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
Ingeniería Industrial. Año 14, Vol. VII, N° 26 138 Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias ISSN: 1856-8327 e-ISSN: 2610-7813 familia-empresa. Revista Politécnica, 35(2), 1-11. Viteri, M. & Tapia, M. (2018). Economía https://revistapolitecnica.epn.edu.ec/ojs2/inde ecuatoriana: de la producción agrícola al x.php/revista_politecnica2/article/view/383 servicio. Revista Espacios, 39 (32), 30. Universo, D. E. (14 de abril de 2018). 81% de https://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n32/1 empresas familiares ecuatorianas se centra en ocho 8393230.html sectores. Zachary, R; Amorós, J; Rojas, F & Majmud, P. https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2018/03/ (2013). El emprendimiento familiar. Santiago de 14/nota/6665290/81-empresas-familiares-se- Chile: Rileditores. centra-ocho-sectores Zamora, C. (2018). La importancia del Vanoni, G. & Rodríguez, C. (2017). Los emprendimiento en la economía: el caso de conglomerados empresariales en el Ecuador: Ecuador. Revista Espacios, 39 (7), 15. un análisis histórico, económico y político. https://www.revistaespacios.com/a18v39n07/a Apuntes del Cenes, 36 (63), 247-278. 18v39n07p15.pdf https://doi.org/10.19053/01203053.v36.n63.2017 .5456 Autores Irlanda Jacqueline Maridueña Macancela. Magister en Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Ecuador. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9117-2013 Email: jmariduenam@unemi.edu.ec Erika Yadira Romero Cárdenas. Magister en Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Ecuador. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4136-1614 Email: eromeroc@unemi.edu.ec Miguel Alfredo Astudillo Quiñonez. Magister en Docencia y Gerencia en Educación Superior. Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Ecuador. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0655-9871 Email: mastudilloq@unemi.edu.ec Mayra D’Armas Regnault. Ingeniero Industrial, Magíster en Ingeniería Industrial, Doctora en Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Universidad Estatal de Milagro, Ecuador. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6288-1566 Email: mdarmasr@unemi.edu.ec Recibido: 02-04-2021 Aceptado: 24-06-2021 Maridueña et al, Development of family businesses… , p. 125-138
You can also read