DAILY NEWS ARTICLES/EDITORIALS 18TH JANUARY 2021
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Best IAS Coaching in Bangalore Daily News Articles/Editorials 18th January 2021
Shiksha IAS https://iasshiksha.com/daily-news-article/daily-news-articles-editorials-18th-january-2021/
DAILY NEWS ARTICLES/EDITORIALS 18TH JANUARY 2021
Posted on January 21, 2021 by admin
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Best IAS Coaching in Bangalore Daily News Articles/Editorials 18th January 2021
Shiksha IAS https://iasshiksha.com/daily-news-article/daily-news-articles-editorials-18th-january-2021/
Update debate: On WhatsApp and privacy.
Privacy of citizens is too important to be left to the business practices of digital companies.
CONTEXT:
1. WhatsApp’s decision to delay the update of its new privacy policy can led to users believe
that the company could read and access its private data and chats .
2. Privacy of a billion citizens is too important a thing to be left just to the practices of a
commercial enterprise to do business without morality.
ABOUT:
1. The new policy says that how user data is impacted when there is interaction with a business
on the platform, and provides more details on integration with, WhatsApp’s parent
company “Facebook.“third-party services “
2. According to which users would no longer be able to option of sharing data with
Facebook. February 8 was kept as the deadline for the new private policy to be accepted.
Features of the new private Policy:
1. End-to-End Encrypted: means nobody can see your messages or share it with anyone.
2. Information Sharing with Third Party Services: When users rely on third-party services or
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other Facebook Company.
3. Businesses interacting with users: App says that any businesses that users interact with may
provide the platform with information as well.
4. 4. Hardware Information: WhatsApp can collects information from devices such as battery
level, signal strength, app version, browser information, mobile network, connection
information.
5. Deleting the Account: If someone only deletes the WhatsApp app from their device without
using the in-app my account feature, then that user’s information will remain stored with the
platform.
6. Data Storage: App mentions that it uses Facebook’s global infrastructure and data centers
data may share in out of USA.
7. Location: Even if a user does not use their location-relation features, Whatsapp collects IP
addresses and other location.
8. Payment Services: app says that if anyone uses their payments services they will process
additional information about you, including payment account and transaction information.
Compare EU law vs India Law on privacy:
European Union (EU):
1. Europe’s stringent its General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR), prevents such sharing
between apps.
2. The General Data Protection Regulation (2016) EU law on data protection and privacy in the
European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA). It also addresses the transfer of
personal data outside the EU and EEA areas.
3. Users there are in control of their data much more than anywhere else in the world.
4. EU, policy says Users can access, rectify, port, and erase their information.
India:
1. India did not have specific laws on data protection even India did not implemented the
Personal Data Protection Bill; there is no control over how user data will be processed by
companies.
2. However In Puttaswamy v India (2017) case,Right to privacy was established as a
fundamental right under article 21.
3. The Information TechnologyAct (2000) (“IT Act”) to include Section 43A and Section 72A,
which give a right to compensation for improper disclosure of personal information.
4. Under Section 72-A of the IT Act. The Act Penalises the offender for three year imprisonment or
a maximum fine of Rs 5 lakh. on Breach of data privacy.
5. The Aadhar act Section 13 makes the processing of personal data without a person's consent
possible for any function of the Parliament or State Legislature.
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Solution:
1. The enactment of the Personal Data Protection Billand the successful implementation of the
Act.
2. More amendment in IT ACT (2000), and strengthen data protection.
3. Implementation of “Srikrishna Committee Report” on data localization.
4. The might be privacy guidelines by the private companies operating in India.
5. Draft new “National E-Commerce Policy Framework” data privacy and grant infrastructure
status to data centers.
6. Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATs)are agreements between governments that
facilitate the exchange of information and privacy.
Morality and philosophy over data protection laws:
1. Don’t interfere over other private life, data and privacy of individual.
2. Lawfulness, fairness and transparency data protection.
3. Purpose limitation in data share and not to share.
4. Data minimization only basic information.
5. 5. Accuracy and true over company and government policy.
6. Storage limitation over fake and doubtful companies.
7. Integrity and confidentiality (security)
8. Accountability over data.
Social media usage by government raises significant policy?
1. Challenges, including access, governance, privacy, security, and archiving.
2. Many policies about previous technologies relate to government social media usage.
3. Researchers can investigate a wide range of questions to help shape more inclusion
policies related to social media.
Way forward:
1. There is need to have an integrated long-term strategy for policy creation for data privacy
and Right to privacy.
2. The State accordingly is giving those private moments to be enjoyed with those whom they
want without the prying eyes of the rest of the world.
3. The right to privacy refers to the concept that one's personal information is protected from
public scrutiny and birch of data.
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The unraveling of liberal globalism.
Donald Trump has been defeated, but not Trumpism and the anti-globalist politics it has
unleashed.
CONTEXT:
1. The alter the fundamentals of American foreign policy since the end of the Second World
War by Donald Trump and its consequences.
2. Mr. Trump, a product of the crisis in globalised capitalism, took the U.S. back to pre-war
isolationism. And its effect on geo-politics of worlds.
Which Mr. Trump policy change global order:
1. His ‘America First’ doctrine’in the driving seat of his foreign policy especially in the past.
2. He decried the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the bedrock of the trans-Atlantic
military cooperation, and threat to withdraw from the NATO.
3. Pulled the United States out of international organizations and multilateral treaties, Paris
agreement ,UNESCO
4. Launched tariff wars with both friends and foes alike like India, china and Brazil.
5. Normalization agreements between Israel and some Arab countries.
6. President Donald Trump has officially recognized Israeli sovereignty over the occupied Golan
Heights, seized from Syria in 1967.
7. Trump Administration’s Policy Failures Compounded the Coronavirus-Induced Economic
Crisis.
8. Trump’s immigration policy, visa rules might do more harm than good to the economy in
the long term of USA.
Is America’s isolationism did not start with Mr. Trump policy?
1. After first world wars an emerging economic and military power was largely an isolated
country that was focused on its own rise and expansion.
2. The economic catastrophe caused by the Great Depression1929-39 and the losses it
suffered in the First World War prompted the American isolationists.
3. But after 2ndworld war USA emerge as global superpower and active participation in world
politics may overcome by china rise.
The Wilsonian imprint: history of liberalization.
1. The roots of the liberal internationalist order can be traced to the ideals of the 28th American
President, Woodrow Wilson.
2. Wilson, who led the U.S. to the First World War, called for a rules-based global order
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governed by international institutions in which countries could cooperate and achieve peace
(what he called “an organized common peace”) rather than going to war to meet their goals.
3. Liberal capitalist economic model and freer trade and emphasis on human rights would lay
the foundations of the liberal global order.
4. The U.S. turned to liberal globalism and took up the leadership of the western world. It called
itself and its allies the “free world”,claiming moral superiority over the communist and
socialist dictatorships.
5. After 1991 collapse of USSR, the U.S. stepped up its leadership role: It started wars to
protect human rights, export democracy and defeat jihadists.
Are Structural shifts in world policy?
1. The geostrategic charm of the liberal moral argument about freedom has diminished in 1991,
the post-Cold War world.
2. On the other side, with the rise of religious terrorism, even liberal democratic governments
started arming themselves with more powers that often clashed with civil liberties.
3. The liberal promise of ‘minimum government’ stayed confined to the economic realm, while
the security state kept expanding its powers.
4. But liberal policy rise many issues like USA-Iran, Afghanistan, North Korea, Libya, and Iraq.
5. The economic crisis of 2008 led to The focus shifted away from human rights and civil
liberties to fighting terrorism and stopping immigration in many of these countries
Is Negative Aspects of liberal Globalization?
1. Globalization makes it virtually impossible for regulators in one country to foresee the
worldwide implications of their actions.
2. Globalization transfers consumption of limited oil supply from developed countries to
developing countries.
3. Globalization uses up finite resources more quickly and negative manner.
4. Globalization increases world carbon dioxide emissions and Climate change.
5. Globalization acts to increase world oil prices and Energy resource.
6. Globalization transfers jobs from developed countries to less developed countries.
7. Globalization transfers investment spending from developed countries to less developed
countries.
8. Globalization leads to huge US balance of trade deficits and other imbalances, With the dollar
as the world’s reserve currency.
9. Globalization tends to move taxation away from corporations, and onto individual citizens
10. Globalization sets up a currency “race to the bottom,” with each country trying to get an export
advantage by dropping the value of its currency.
11. Globalization encourages dependence on other countries for essential goods and services
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12. Globalization ties countries together, so that if one country collapses, the collapse is likely to
ripple through the system, pulling many other countries with it.
13. Globalization ties countries together ,lead to cultural, ethnic and racial friction .
Solution for globalization:
1. Need or change Current policies because is not adequate to handle the economic
dislocations caused by technology.
2. Regulation over media The information age is not bringing people together in harmony but
hardening their identities as information grows more segregated
3. Strengthen the global organization, UN, WTO, and climate organization.
4. The task of making societies more resilient will help prepare them to handle current and
future problems.
5. Democracy should ideally self-regulate to limit economic inequality may need global
policy.
6. Readdresses the tensions that exist between sovereignty, democracy, and economic
integration.
7. The Risks of Climate Engineering, is need of the hours to separate” Fact From Fiction”
From Trump to Biden:
1. Mr. Trump, a product of the crisis in globalised capitalism, took the U.S. back to pre-war
isolationism.
2. Mr. Trump’s such as the U.S.’s withdrawal from the Paris Climate Accord or its exit from the
World Health Organization forwarded new challenge.
3. There could be broad agreements on issues such as climate change or the fight against
COVID-19.
4. Totalitarianism and the nature of the human condition in times of crises, Mr. Biden is the right
choice for President who hopefully, has the vision for an exceptionally progressive change.
Conclusion:
1. Our goal is to create a safe and engaging place for users to connect over interests and
passions. In order to improve our community experience, we are temporarily suspending
article commenting.
2. A powerful foundation of inspiration to the people’s movements fighting against totalitarian
lying and the infringement of basic human rights, and self-government.
3. Republicans and Democrats will disagree sharply—with each other and among
themselves—over the objectives of U.S. foreign policy. whether the next “America First”
president and foreign policy are just four years away.
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Rise of shadow entrepreneurship.
Without regulation, the situation could spiral out of control
CONTEXT:
1. 1. The global rise of shadow entrepreneurship, not just in education but other sectors such as
finance (for easy loans), the betting economy (online games) and healthcare (e-pharmacies).
2. Given the potential perverse consequences of shadow entrepreneurship in the long run for
consumer welfare, regulation is needed to monitor quality of services.
About shadow entrepreneurship:
1. Shadow entrepreneurs are individuals who manage a business that sells legitimate goods and
services but they do not register their businesses.
2. This means that they do not pay tax, operating in a shadow economy where business activities
are performed outside the reach of government authorities.
3. Entrepreneurship could claim to be a legitimate ?eld of academic in-quiry in all respect except
one: it lacks a substantial theoretical foundation.
Why rise of shadow entrepreneurship?
1. Constraints are the “shadow” of entrepreneurship because they constantly and permanently
exist before and after entrepreneurial endeavors.
2. To put it differently, entrepreneurship and constraints define each other, and constraints are
closely related to entrepreneurship like a shadow by its side.
3. Constraints have the strongest link with entrepreneurship (like a shadow by its side), beating
rivalry concepts.
“Supply and demand shock”:
1. India has second-highest number of shadow entrepreneurs in the world.
2. When there is a supply and demand shock as momentous as COVID-19, a new market may
open up to tackle the shifting inwards of markets, owing to rising prices and lower
quantities available.
3. Shadow entrepreneurs, offering the allure of technology-mediated services, can help
release the associated distortions and frictions in the market by offering complementary
services.
4. The initial spike in demand and ensuing lock-in effects might imply higher market power
for early movers.
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5. Small firms will get acquired by large firms. First movers in the space with deep pockets
could generate irrationally high valuations.
6. Shadow entrepreneurialism may spike short-run welfare effects with technology mediated
access; they could create perverse welfare consequences in the long run.
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WAY
FORWARD:
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1. India also must not end the regulatory arbitrage that allows shadow entrepreneurs to raise
most of their funds from retail investors and deposit-taking banks. Either shadow lenders
should come out of the dark and be turned into entrepreneurs, or a firewall will have to be
erected around them to protect the rest of entrepreneurs.
2. For every big business that is legally registered in India, there are 127 shadow businesses that
are not. Shadow entrepreneurs are individuals who manage a business that sells legitimate
goods and services but they do not register their businesses.
3. Law needed who do not pay tax, operating in a shadow economy where business activities
are performed outside the reach of government authorities.
4. As these businesses are not registered it takes them beyond the reach of the law and makes
shadow economy entrepreneurs vulnerable to corrupt government officials.
5. It could boost its rate of formal economy entrepreneurs by up to 50%, while cutting the rate of
entrepreneurs working in the shadow economy by up to a third. This means that the
government could benefit from additional revenue such as taxes”.
6. The researchers suggest that shadow entrepreneurs are highly sensitive to the quality of
political and economic institutions.
7. Where proper economic and political frameworks are in place, individuals are more likely to
become ‘formal’ entrepreneurs and register their business, because doing so enables them to
take advantage of laws and regulations that protect their company, such as trademarking
legislation.
8. Informal entrepreneurs trade legal products and services, yet do not apply for business
registration or file any incorporation documents with government authorities. The phenomenon
of informal entrepreneurship is seen as a potential driver of job growth and economic
development, especially in developing countries.
9. A large share of these would qualify as informal entrepreneurs. Informal entrepreneurship also
speaks to another important issue for less developed countries, that of poverty.
Conclusion:
The institutional qualities of a society and its economy — such as economic freedom, the presence
of policies that condition the operation of private sector, and institutions regulating the balance of
political power and the structure of the bureaucratic system — play an important role in either
facilitating or inhibiting economic growth or alleviating poverty”.
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