D2.1 NZEB STATUS REPORT - Project N : IEE/11/847/SI 2.615935 - BUILD UP EU
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Intelligent Energy Europe Programme
Project N°: IEE/11/847/SI 2.615935
D2.1 NZEB STATUS REPORT
Project Coordinator: North-West Croatia Regional Energy Agency (REGEA)The SUSTAINCO project The SUSTAINCO project aims to support ambitious European vision for the energy performance of its buildings. An important activity of SUSTAINCO will be to increase the visibility of front-runners, for both new build and/or renovation, with the aim of capacity and confidence building in the public sector. Most members of consortium are among the best known European energy agencies from Austria, Ireland, UK, Romania and Croatia, all of which have successful track records and numerous on-going or completed projects in area of sustainable buildings. Through focusing on key results from SERVE and other projects access to approaches, case studies and data to achieve cost optimum NZEB solutions will be highlighted. SUSTAINCO is coordinated by: North-west Croatia Regional Energy Agency Andrije Zaje 10, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia About this document This document corresponds to Deliverable 2.1 of the SUSTAINCO project and should give an overview of EU and national legislation (SUSTAINCO project partners) regarding energy performance in building sector and funding sources available for implementation of a NZEB or similar building standards. This will help the SUSTAINCO project to define uniform methodology for selection of target groups/project case studies and stakeholders. The paper will also be a source of information about funding sources and schemes that can be used in all partners’ countries and beyond. This document was prepared in June-September 2012 by: Project coordinator with input from all project partners. Intelligent Energy Europe The SUSTAINCO project is co-funded by the European Union under the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme (Contract No. IEE/11/847). The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission is responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
1 Introduction
Europe has adopted an ambitious vision for the energy performance of its buildings. By the
end of 2020 all new buildings shall be Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB), with
intermediate targets by 2015. In parallel, Member States shall draw up National Action Plans
for increasing the numbers of Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings. These plans shall include policies
and measures to stimulate the transformation of existing buildings, which are refurbished,
into NZEB. In addition, by 2015 all new buildings and buildings undergoing major renovation
must have minimum levels of energy from renewable energy sources. Therefore, a major
transformation must occur in the building sector during the next few years, in which the role
of the public sector is crucial for overall success.
NZEB represents a building which has very high energy performance, determined in
accordance with Annex I to the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010/31/EU
(recast) - EPBD. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required should be covered to
a very significant extent by energy from renewable sources, including renewable energy
produced on-site or nearby (see Definitions at the end of this report).
Although EPBD requires usage of a NZEB standard, it does not give minimum or maximum
harmonized requirements as well as details of energy performance calculation framework.
The Directive defines NZEB as a building that has a very high energy performance and
requires the calculation of primary energy indicator. Based on the Directive’s definition,
NZEB is technically defined through the net zero energy building, which is a building using
0°kWh/(m²a) primary energy. Following the cost-optimality principle of the Directive, nearly
net zero energy building definition is proposed as national cost optimal energy use of
0°kWh/(m²a) primary energy. It is up to the Member States to define NZEB definition with
local conditions taken into account. This definitions have to be accepted be EC.
It is important to determine the reflection of the Directive on SUSTAINCO project partner
states regarding NZEB standard implementation in national legislation. In order to show
progress in defining NZEB in every partner state, methodology and main challenges in
defining NZEB are specified and partner perspective on how NZEB should be defined are
compared.
3/222 EU policy and plans related to Nearly Zero Energy Building standard
Following its ambitious targets, the EU prepared and adopted a detailed policy and
legislation for implementation – presented in the table below.
Key legislation and plans Aims and expected impact
Energy Efficiency Directive Implementation of measures for ensuring energy efficiency in
(EED) proposal production and final consumption
Energy savings in distribution by 1,5% of annual energy sold per year
Public sector as a row model: Reconstruction of public buildings rate
is 3% per year – Public building register by 1. January 2014.
Public sector buying products/services/buildings with high energy
performance
Regulation (EU) CPD No Definition of condition for the marketing of the construction
305/2011 products (building requirements, energy savings, thermal insulation)
Energy efficiency plan Implementation of instruments for increasing public building
(EEP 2011) refitting (Reconstruction of public buildings rate 3% per year)
Financial savings of up to € 1 000 per household every year;
Annual greenhouse gas emissions reducement by 740 million tons
2010/31/EU Energy Definition of methodology for energy performance of buildings
Performance of Buildings indicator calculation, energy performance of new/refitted buildings
Directive (EPBD) minimum requirements, national plans for increasing number of
NZEB, building certification and frequent heating/climatization
control, control system for energy certificates and
heating/climatization system reports establishment
2009/125/EC Energy related Eco-design of products in all of its phases, all environmental aspects
products Directive (ErP) are taken into account, recycling possibility
2009/28/EC Renewable National goals on renewable energy sources percentage in total
Energy Sources Directive energy production and in transport (10-49%) by 31. December 2014
(RES) for new/refitted buildings and from 1 January 2012. for public
buildings
2006/32/EC Energy services Energy savings of 9% in 9 years, energy efficiency measures
directive (ESD) definition in public sector and energy subjects, frequent reporting
on savings (every 3 year national action plans), energy audits and
individual consumption measurement ensurement for every energy
consumer, energy efficiency funds utilization
Energy efficiency action plan 20x20x20 strategy (energy consumption decrease of 20%, energy
(EEAP 2006) production from RES increase of 20%, emissions decrease of 20%) by
2020
Energy savings in buildings potential 27-30%
Directive 2004/8/EC on the High efficiency cogeneration (more than 5% of savings (10% for new
promotion of Cogeneration systems) compared to classical technologies due to combined
process of heat and electrical energy production
4/223 Overview of national legislation and plans regarding NZEB standard
implementation in countries participating in SUSTAINCO project
3.1 Austria
According to the Austrian constitution, building legislation falls into the responsibility of the
regions (the 9 regions/states, ger. Länder). Therefore, the implementation of the EPBD is
done primarily by the regions and the regional parliaments have to adopt the respective
legislation. In the Austrian regions, especially due to the pioneering roles of the two regions
represented in the SUSTAINCO project (Styria and Upper Austria), ambitious energy
efficiency requirements for buildings, the use of renewable heating and energy performance
certificate have a long tradition. Therefore, the NZEB approach (the combination of high-
efficiency building with a high share of renewable energy) is very welcome. For jointly
developing building legislation, the Austria regions have a co-operation platform, the so-
called OIB (Austrian Institute of Construction Engineering). Within the framework of this
institute, the experts from the 9 regions cooperate in technical aspects, aiming for a
harmonised implementation of European Directives in all regions. An important instrument
in this process is the so-called "OIB-Richtlinie 6" (OIB guideline number 6) which lays down a
number of technical and pre-legislative issues relevant to the implementation of the EPBD
(e.g. calculation procedures, technical building requirements, contents and lay-out of the
building certificates etc.)
The recent version of the OIB guideline (OIB Richtlinie 6, adopted in 2011) responded to the
requirements of the EPBD with new calculation rules, requirements for the heat demand,
the cooling demand and the final energy demand for buildings as well as a calculation
method for primary energy demand, CO2 and for the total building energy efficiency factor
("Gesamtenergie-Effizienz-Faktor"). The total building energy efficiency factor is new and
takes into account the thermal quality of the building and the use of renewables. The OIB RL
also sets new rules for the energy performance certificates, including how primary energy
demand, CO2 and total energy efficiency are presented on the certificate. In all 9 regions, the
preparations for the legislative processes were started to implement the adopted OIB RL6 in
the respective building laws and thereby making it legally binding. Currently, the experts are
working on an addendum to the OIB RL 6 which includes the definition of the NZEB and the
national plan with a step-by-step tightening of the requirements (in 2 year steps) of the
NZEBs for the heat demand, the primary energy demand, CO2 and the total building energy
efficiency until 2020 taking into account cost optimal levels.
Two aspects of the EPBD implementation (connected to the energy performance
certificates) fall into the responsibility of the national government as they do not concern
the building law but civil law (implementing Art. 12 Par. 2 and 4 of the EPBD). For this, the
national government has adopted the "Energieausweis-Vorlage-Gesetz 2012" (EAVG 2012)
which will enter into force on 1 December 2012 (and then replace the current legislation in
this field). When a building or an apartment is offered for rental or sales in a print or
electronic media, the heat demand and the total energy efficiency factor have to be stated.
In the course of a sales or a rental of building, an energy performance certificate has to be
handed over (here the new law foresees stricter penalties).
5/22Current NZEB status in Austria is indicated in the table below.
NZEB standards in Austria
Implemented Not implemented Implementation in progress
Implementation of NZEB standards in Austria will be carried out through national/regional
legislation regarding energy performance of buildings including corresponding regulations
and ordinances listed in table below.
National level
OIB Richtlinie 6 (2011)
Energieausweis-Vorlage-Gesetz 2012 (EAVG) BGBl. 27 from 2012
Regional level
Building laws of the 9 regions (mostly called "Bauordnung" or "Baugesetz")
Financial and other support schemes available in Austria for the development of NZEB
projects are indicated in the table below.
Financial and support schemes Short description
National
Kommunalkredit Public Consulting Investment subsidies for renewable energy projects,
(www.umweltfoerderung.at) energy efficiency and environmental protection and for
National Climate and Energy Fund thermal retrofitting of residential and non-residential
(www.klimafonds.gv.at) buildings
Information platform on relevant topics, e.g. on
klima:aktiv (www.klimaaktiv.at)
construction and retrofitting
Regional
Upper Austria (www.land-
oberoesterreich.gv.at) A range of funding schemes for residential and non-
Styria residential buildings and for renewable heating
(www.verwaltung.steiermark.at)
Energy agencies supported by regional
In Upper Austria and Styria, energy agencies support
governments:
the implementation of NZEB buildings by carrying out
O.Ö. Energiesparverband (www.esv.or.at)
information, promotion and training programmes
LEV – Landesenergieverein (www.lev.at)
Energy advice services offered on regional level carried
out by energy agencies or departments of regional
Energy advice programmes governments to support investment decisions related
to NZEBs (technical implementation, support schemes,
etc.)
EU
Several support programmes, e.g. IEE –
European Programmes which also support NZEB related
Intelligent Energy Europe, FP7 – Seventh
projects
Framework Programme
6/224.1 Croatia
According to Croatian National Strategy for Energy Development and the first National
Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP), national indicative energy efficiency target until 2016
is set to 9% of average annual energy consumption calculated according to the available data
for the time period 2001-2005, as the minimal target required by the Directive 2006/32/EC.
The absolute amount of EE target is 19,77 PJ which is an ambitious target when it is known
that the building sector in Croatia, with share of 42% of total final energy consumption in
2009 is the most energy intensive sector. According to Ordinance on building energy
certification, all public buildings in Croatia over 1,000 m2 must display an Energy Efficiency
Certificate (EEC) that shows the thermal energy consumption of the building using the
familiar A to G energy rating and graphics. Each EEC, also includes an advisory report with list
of relevant energy efficiency measures.
In spring 2012, the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning – MGIPU announced that
introduction of the NZEB standard will be one of the most important activity in increasing
overall energy efficiency in Croatia. Appropriate conditions for introducing NZEB in Croatia
could only be set up through integrated building projects demanding all stakeholders
cooperation, overcoming of the regulatory barriers, financial support to the end-users and
preparations by thermal insulation and RES manufacturers. Highlight will be set on public
sector as the leading example. As the first step in method in achieving NZEB standards, new
methodology for energy audits will be determined. Instead of annual heating requirements
calculation (amount of heat that heating system produces for one year to bring the building
to maintain indoor design temperature in the building during the heating period),
methodology for primary energy consumption calculation will be defined. After completing
specified actions, it will be possible to define NZEB and plans to increase the number of NZEB
buildings (based on cost optimality principle). Current NZEB status in Croatia is indicated in
the table below.
NZEB standards in Croatia
Implemented Not implemented Implementation in progress
Implementation of NZEB standards in Croatia will be carried out through national legislation
regarding energy performance of buildings including corresponding regulations and
ordinances listed in table below.
National level
Physical Planning and Building Act ZPUG (according to EPBD, CPD) (NN 76/07, 38/09, 55/11, 90/11,
50/12)
Technical regulation on energy economy and heat retention in buildings (NN 110/08, 89/09)
Ordinance on Energy Certification of Buildings (NN 36/10, 135/11)
Ordinance on the Requirements and Criteria to be met by Energy Auditors and Energy Certifiers of
Buildings (NN 113/08, 89/09)
Energy audits of buildings implementation methodology (10 June 2009)
Technical regulation on heating and cooling systems in buildings (NN 110/08)
Technical regulation on ventilation systems, partial air conditioning and air conditioning of buildings
(NN 03/07)
Technical regulation for chimneys in construction works (NN 03/07)
Technical regulation for windows and doors (NN 69/06)
7/22Energy efficiency in the final consumption law ZUKE (according to EPBD, ESD, ErP) (NN 152/08)
Ordinance on energy audits of buildings (NN 05/11)
Ordinance on energy audits of buildings authorization (NN 05/11)
Ordinance on unique information system for energy efficiency (under construction)
Ordinance on indicative energy savings target in the final consumption calculation and determination
methodology (NN 40/10)
Ordinance on measuring and verifying energy savings methodology (under construction)
Ordinance on treatment of investments in energy efficiency measures implementation for budget
users (under construction)
Financial and support schemes available in Croatia for NZEB projects development is given
and shortly described in table below.
Financial and support schemes Short description
National
Fund for Environmental Protection and Energy Grants for public sector and interest-free loans
Efficiency (www.fzoeu.hr) for private sector investors
Special programmes for financing environmental
Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and
protection, energy efficiency and renewable
Development (HBOR) (www.hbor.hr)
energy projects
Microgeneration tariff paid by energy suppliers to
householders and businesses with electricity
Feed In Tariffs (FIT) generating technologies such as PV, wind, hydro
etc. Unit rates increases each year for new
installations.
EU
European Investment Bank (www.eib.org) and
For investors in the energy efficiency and
European Bank for Reconstruction and
renewable energy sector
Development (www.ebrd.com)
Western Balkans Sustainable Energy Direct
Financing Facility (WeBSEDFF)
(www.websedff.com), Green for Growth Fund
For private sector investors
Southeast Europe (GGF) (www.ggf.lu) and
Croatian Private Sector Support Facility (CroPSSF)
(www.cropssf.hr)
EU pre-accession aid - the Instrument for Pre-
Promotion of energy efficiency measures and
accession Assistance (IPA)
implementation of demonstration projects
(http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/thefunds/i
(major capital investments in energy efficiency
pa/index_en.cfm) (http://www.2007-
are not supported)
2013.eu/by_scope_ipa.php)
8/225.1 Ireland
In 2007, a Government White Paper Delivering a Sustainable Energy Future for Ireland: The
Energy Policy Framework 2007-2020 was published. It sets Irish energy policy in the EU and
international perspective that has placed climate change and energy security as global
priorities. By 2020, it is proposed deliver a 20% saving in energy and a 20% reduction in
energy demand through various means. In the Public Sector, a target of 33% energy saving
across the sector has been set. This will be achieved via Energy Efficiency Programmes,
progressively rolled out since 2008. Exemplar projects have and will be established, using
bioenergy heating, renewable electricity and CHP. Guidelines for all capitally funded social
housing are being revised and updated to ensure they are socially, environmentally and
economically sustainable, during both the construction phase and the lifetime of the
building, taking into account diverse factors such as building orientation, topography,
optimizing sunlight, daylight and solar gain. Exemptions from planning for specific classes of
micro-renewable technologies at a residential level have been introduced to allow
households to install solar panels or erect small wind turbines (with some conditions) but
without having to apply for planning permission. Financial support schemes have been
introduced to support retrofitting of buildings in terms of energy efficiency and renewable
energy.
In order to maximize energy efficiency and conservation, a Building Energy Rating (BER)
system of certification was introduced for new dwellings from 1st January 2007. BER
certification was required for new non-domestic buildings from 1st January 2008 and for all
existing buildings for sale or rent from 1st January 2009. From 1st January 2009, a Display
Energy Certificate (DEC), must be put up in all public buildings over 1,000m². Following a
recently successful pilot study involving over 5,000 homes and businesses, consultation is
currently underway on rolling out a programme to oversee the introduction of Smart Meters
into new and existing dwellings by 2016. To achieve the goals set out in the White Paper, the
National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) and The National Energy Efficiency Action
Plan 2009-2020 (NEEAP), set out the necessary deliverable actions required. It should be
noted, that whilst there are no specific Irish support measures for Near Zero Energy
Buildings (NZEB) in the strategic goals of the White paper or the actions set out in NREAP
and NEEAP, all three documents are conducive to introducing the concept into Ireland.
Current NZEB status in Ireland is indicated in the table below.
NZEB standards in Ireland
Implemented Not implemented Implementation in progress
National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) was submitted to the European
Commission in 2010 under Directive 2009/28/EC. It lays out an overall national target of 16%
of energy to come from renewable sources by 2020. The plan sets out targets for energy
from renewable sources under the following headings: electricity, transport and heating. The
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2009-2020 (NEEAP) was published in 2009 in response
to Directive 2006/32/EC on Energy End Use Efficiency and Energy Services. NEEAP outlines
Ireland’s commitment to a 20% reduction in energy demand by 2020. The policies and
measures relevant to NZEB and an overview of NEEAP and how it might affect NZEB in
Ireland are summarized in the table below.
9/22National level
National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) measures
ReHeat (Financial – Grant aid)
Greener Homes Scheme (Financial)
Part L of the Second Schedule of Building Regulations 1997-2011 (Regulatory)
Statutory Instrument (SI) 83 of 2007 and SI 235 of 2008 (Regulatory)
Smart metering pilot programme (Technical/Soft)
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan 2009-2020 (NEEAP) measures
Centralised advice and monitoring services (Support structures for Public Sector organisations to
integrate energy management and energy efficiency initiatives.)
Building Regulations for Non-Domestic Buildings. (Regulatory)
Inspection of air-conditioning systems (Regulatory)
Building Regulations for Domestic Buildings.(Regulatory)
Grant support for energy retrofit (Financial)
Demand side energy saving (Regulatory)
Sustainable Energy Act 2002
S.I. No. 346 of 2006: European Communities (Inspection and Assessment of Certain Air-Conditioning
Systems) Regulations
S.I. No 666 of 2006: EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS)
REGULATIONS 2006
S.I. No. 235 of 2008 PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS 2008
SI No 5 of 2010 FINANCE ACT 2010
Building Regulations – Technical Guidance Document Part L (2011): Conservation of Fuel & Energy
S.I. No. 147 of 2011 EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES (RENEWABLE ENERGY) REGULATIONS 2011
S.I. No. 366 of 2011 EUROPEAN UNION (ENERGY LABELLING) REGULATIONS 2011
SI No 3 of 2012 ENERGY (MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) ACT 2012
SI No 9 of 2012 FINANCE ACT 2012
S.I. No. 158 of 2012 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ACT 2002 (SECTION 8(2)) (CONFERRAL OF ADDITIONAL
FUNCTIONS — RENEWABLE ENERGY) ORDER 2012.
The Carbon Neutral Framework for dwellings is planned while the NZEB framework for
Buildings other than Dwellings is planned for 2018. In 2011 the Sustainable Energy Authority
of Ireland (SEAI) published its Roadmap for Residential Energy Use in Ireland. It predicts
future energy demand based on a number of scenarios but on average 60% reduction in
energy demand across the housing stock is planned. Financial and support schemes available
in Ireland for NZEB projects development is given and shortly described in table below.
Financial and
Short description
support schemes
National
ReHEAT Large scale renewable energy heating projects (Discontinued)
Better Energy Public and Private Non Residential Buildings (On-going support with a focus on
Workplaces ESCO, EPC solutions)
Better Energy Residential Buildings (Support for single measure upgrades but not specifically
Homes NZEB approach)
10/226.1 Norway
The Norwegian Government intends to take a number of steps to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and promote technological advances. This is described in the Norwegian white
paper on climate efforts nr 21-2012 and the Government will focus on energy-efficient
housing. “The policy set out in this white paper will transform Norway as a whole, across all
sectors, into a more climate-friendly society. We will make changes in most sectors, from
industry to housing and transport. We plan a forward-looking process that will enable
Norway to make the changeover to a low-carbon society. We will make it easier for people
to make climate-friendly choices in their day-to-day lives, and will support industry in
developing the necessary technology.”
The Government will present the Action plan for energy efficiency, with the aim of reducing
overall energy use in the building sector considerably by 2020. Energy use requirements in
the building regulations will be tightened to passive house standard in 2015 and to close to
zero-energy standard by 2020. The use of mineral oil-fired boilers by private households will
be phased out. When it comes to the status of NZEB in Norway there is as yet no agreed
definition of what this is. Therefore it is also difficult to report on the precise progress.
Current NZEB status in Norway is indicated in the table below.
NZEB standards in Norway
Implemented Not implemented Implementation in progress
Implementation of NZEB standards in Norway will be carried out through national legislation
regarding energy performance of buildings including corresponding regulations and
ordinances listed in table below.
National level
National standard NS3700:2010
Criteria for passive houses and low energy houses - residential buildings, contain criteria for passive
and low energy houses. The standard includes definitions, requirements for heat loss, heating needs
and energy supply and minimum requirements for building components and leakage figures and
further requirements to testing procedures, test methods and reporting of energy performance upon
completion for residential buildings can be defined as passive and low energy houses in the Norwegian
climate.
National standard NS3031:2007
“Calculation of energy performance of buildings” and TEC 10 -“Regulation on technical requirements
for construction (Construction Technical Regulation)” requires that at least 60% of the heating
requirements in buildings larger than 500 m2 must be covered by other energy than direct electricity
and fossil fuels. For buildings less than 500 m2, 40% must be covered by alternative fuels.
National standard NS 3701:2012
Criteria for passive houses and low energy buildings - Non-residential buildings. The standard sets
requirements for professional buildings that can be defined as passive and low-energy buildings in
Norwegian climate. The standard includes definitions, requirements for heat loss and heating needs,
cooling needs, energy needs to lighting and energy supply as well as minimum requirements for
individual building components. The standard also provides requirements leakage figures, test
procedures, methods of measurement and reporting of energy performance upon completion of
professional buildings.
A new energy labeling
11/22Came into force 1. July 2012, covering the more stringent requirements of energy efficient homes.
Smart Energy Efficient Buildings
Norwegian project that aims at developing new knowledge, integrated solutions, and technology that
renders it possible to meet the energy needs related to buildings with considerably reduced resource
consumption and environmental impact.
The Norwegian Directorate for Engineering Quality (DIBK)
During the autumn will initiate evaluation projects that will provide the basis for revising the energy
requirements of the building regulations in 2015. It also now initiated a project to establish a national
interpretation of nearly zero energy level (NZEB), in preparation for being able to set this as a
requirement level in 2020 (or 2018 for public buildings).
Financial and support schemes available in Norway for NZEB projects development is given
and shortly described in table below.
Financial
and support Short description
schemes
National
Ensure that all new buildings and major renovation projects will be built by the passive
standard in 2020. Anybody can apply for funding to build or rehabilitate for future
sustainable standards.
Supports environmentally friendly energy measures in the Norwegian home, and their
goal is to make it simpler for households to choose suitable, energy efficient and
climate friendly solutions. The tool used to achieve this is primarily financing concrete
energy measures and offering active advice. They have no database that provides an
ENOVA
overview of NZEB-buildings. Enova has been working with several operators and has
established a web portal where all NZEB projects will be registered:
www.arkitektur.no/?nid=84523. The Ecobox project database presents 150 examples of
sustainable architecture, design and local development in Norway. Each presentation
includes photographs, drawings and descriptions of key performance indicators. The
base is aimed at everyone in the construction industry who seek inspiration and
knowledge on environmentally friendly construction.
A programme with aim to give appliers a solid basis for decision making to select
Support for
appropriate measures for energy efficiency. This program supports projects in the early
the study of
stage and will provide a financial contribution to find out what is possible, profitable
passive
and appropriate for each particular project to reach the future energy standards.
Support for A programme created for those who want to build - or rehabilitate - in relation to the
passive and standards for passive or low energy buildings. The size of the support is determined by
low energy the applicant`s ambition, building category and area. It`s also possible to apply for
buildings consultant support to ensure the quality of the chosen solutions.
A programme offers financial assistance for investment in physical measures intended
to reduce energy use. Certainly through the conversion of local heat production based
Support to
on renewable energy sources. The support is given to specific measures per building or
existing
per plant. The program is open for applications for individual buildings and individual
buildings
plants, or for larger portfolios. The only requirement is that the measures of conversion
and facilities
and energy reduction totally cut the consumption by at least 10 percent and a
minimum of 100 000 kWh per year.
12/227.1 Romania
According to the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan NEEAP (PNAEE), national indicative
energy efficiency target until 2016 is set to 9% of average annual energy consumption
calculated according to the available data for the time period 2001-2005, as the minimal
target required by the Directive 2006/32/EC. The annual average decrease of energy
consumption between 2008 - 2016 should be 1.5%, with 50% greater than the minimum
required by Directive 2006/32 / EC. In Romania the energy share of the buildings declined
from 38% in 2000 to 32% in 2008 but increased to 35.9% in 2010 due to decrease overall
consumption – with a strong decrease in industrial sector. The primary energy consumption
per capita in 2010 (1,594 tep) was lower than in 2000 (1,621) and has values below the EU27
average. The primary energy intensity and the final energy had a favourable outcome but
still above the EU 27 average values.
In Romania, the implementation of the EPBD is the overall responsibility of the Ministry of
Regional Development and Tourism (MDRT), together with the Ministry of the Economy and
the Ministry of Environment. According to the National Law no. 372/2005 on energy
performance of buildings, all public buildings in Romania over 1,000 m2 must display an
Energy Efficiency Certificate (EEC) that shows the total energy consumption of the building
using the familiar A to G energy rating and graphics. Each EEC also includes an advisory
report with list of relevant energy efficiency measures. For new buildings with over 1,000
m2, the public authorities are obliged by the law no. 372, to require the preparation of a
feasibility technical study, economic and environmental on the possibility to use of
alternative energy production systems through planning certificate given to issuing the
building permit.
In 18th April 2012, Romanian Government approved the proposal of the Ministry of Regional
Development and Tourism (MDRT), the Law for modification and supplementing Law no.
372/2005 of the Energy Performance of buildings; these modifications are necessary for
transposition into national law of the changes and additions made by Directive 2010/31/EU
on the energy performance of buildings. In conclusion, until the completion of the national
legislation with Directive 2010/31/EU approval and drafting rules for achieving the energy
audit for NZEB defining standards into national legislation, we could not provide information
on NZEB in Romania. Current NZEB status in Romania is indicated in the table below.
NZEB standards in Romania
Implemented Not implemented Implementation in progress
Implementation of NZEB standards in Romania will be carried out through national
legislation (modification of the Law no. 372) regarding energy performance of buildings
including corresponding regulations and ordinances listed in table below.
13/22National level
The Law 372/2005
Transposes the EPBD in the Romanian legislation:
- The general framework of the methodology for the calculation of the energy performance of
buildings
- The application of several minimum requirements regarding the energy performance of new
buildings
- The application of several minimum requirements regarding the energy performance of
existing buildings that are being renovated
- The energy certification of buildings.
Law No. 199/13.11.2000 "Energy Efficiency Law"
Create the necessary legal framework for the development and implementation of a national policy for
the efficient use of energy.
Government Ordinance no. 174/2002
Establishing special measures for the thermal rehabilitation of multi-storey residential buildings and
related facilities, performed by type projects during 1950-1985.
Government Ordinance no. 22/2008
On energy efficiency and promoting the use of renewable energy to end consumers
Technical Standards
The Methodological Norms for Application of Law 372/2005 set the requirements for the energy
performance of buildings, the energy audit and the energy performance certificate, as well as for the
assessment of the heating systems and of the acclimatization systems.
Standard for thermal expertise and existing buildings energy and heating and hot water preparation
therefor, norm NP 048/2000;
Standard for development and issue the energy certificate of existing buildings, development
methodology and granting existing building energy certificate, norm NP 049/2000
Standard for achieving energy audit of existing buildings and heating and hot water preparation
intalations, norm NP 047/2000
Standard for thermo-hygro-energy performance of existing residential buildings envelope, to the
rehabilitation and upgrading, indicative NP 060/2002
Financial and support schemes available in Romania for increase energy efficiency of the
buildings are given and shortly described in table below.
Financial and support schemes Short description
National
Financial institution providing commercial
The Romanian Energy Efficiency Fund
financing of investments projects aiming the
(www.free.org.ro)
rational use of energy
Rehabilitation Program addresses to the owners` For housing blocks built on the basis of a project
associations that want to increase the energy elaborated in the period 1950-1990, regardless of
performance of the housing blocks (www.mdrt.ro) their heating system.
Program for installation of heating systems using
renewable energy, including replacement or
“Green House” (www.afm.ro) supplement conventional heating systems. For
households and for public authorities and
institutions
EU
Several support programmes, e.g. IEE – Intelligent
European Programmes which also support NZEB
Energy Europe, FP7 – Seventh Framework
related projects
Programme
14/228.1 Spain
During the past few years, there has been a series of improvements in the specific legislation
regards the energy efficiency in the building sector. These actions correspond to the
implementation of the European Directives (such as EPBD), although their transposition to
the national regulations is still in progress. Regarding these changes, the approval of the
Technical Building Code (CTE), the revision of the Regulation on Building Heating Installations
(RITE) and the approval of a Building Energy Certification procedure for new buildings
significantly stand out. The government has announced the new Building Energy
Certification procedure for the existing buildings, which is soon to be soon approved.
None of these improvements could be strictly specified as a part of NZEB standards
implementation process, but they should be described as paving the way to the Spanish
NZEB standards implementation in the near future. The common purpose of all these
changes is cutting back the energy consumption in a building sector by 20%, with a subsidy
of at least 22% of the necessary investment to be made. The introduction of the NZEB
standards in national legislation is coordinated by IDAE, the national agency responsible for
promoting energy efficiency and the increased use of renewable sources of energy in Spain.
Some of their actions in Catalonia are delegated to ICAEN, the Catalan energy agency. Given
the compulsory implementation of the EPBD recast, current requirements set up for the
building sector will have to be tightened in order to meet the requirements defined in EPBD.
According to this, the Spanish normative will be tightened gradually in order to achieve the
NZEB objective by 2020. In that sense, the revision of both the CTE and RITE requirements
has already started. In addition, in Spring 2012 IDAE was working together with other
regional energy agencies and relevant NZEB experts in Spain in order to develop a precise
definition of a “nearly zero-energy building” for the different Spanish climatologic areas,
taking into account the heating and cooling demands, etc.
Current NZEB status in Spain is indicated in the table below.
NZEB standards in Spain
Implemented Not implemented Implementation in progress
The current Spanish legislation regarding energy performance of buildings is listed in the
table below.
National level
Royal Decree 314/2006 of 17th March approving the Technical Building Code (CTE)
Royal Decree 47/2007, of 19th January, approving the Energy Certification Procedure for new buildings
Royal Decree 1027/2007, of 20th July, approving the Thermal Building Regulations
Pending of approval / Under revision
Energy Certification Procedure for existing buildings (to be approved during 2012)
Revision of the Technical Building Code (CTE)
Revision of the Regulation of Thermal Installations in Buildings (RITE)
15/22There are some financial and support schemes in Spain to improve energy efficiency and
implement the use of renewable energies on both new and existing buildings. Even if these
measures could not be specified as NZEB measures, they are detected as those that boost
the sector to the NZEB goal.
Financial and support
Short description
schemes
National
Energy Saving and Efficiency Plan, which envisages incentives to
improve energy efficiency in different sectors, including measures for
new and existing buildings
For existing buildings:
- thermal reconstruction of building envelope;
Action Plan 2008-2012 - improvement of the energy efficiency in HVAC installations;
(PAE4 2008-2012) - improvement of the energy efficiency in lighting installations;
- promotion of refitting of the existing buildings with a high
energy certification;
For new buildings:
- up to 15 – 50 €/m2 for new buildings with high energy rating (A
or B);
Incentives to the state subsidized dwellings
State’s Housing and The subsidies can rise up to:
Rehabilitation Plan 2009- - 3500 €/home for A rated dwellings;
2012 - 2800 €/home for B rated dwellings;
- 2000 €/home for C rated dwellings;
Measures to boost economic recovery and employment
- Deduction of the Tax Revenue for improvement works on
Royal Decree-law 6/2010
residential housing;
which
- Reduction of the Spanish Value Added Tax for renewal and
repair works of the main residence;
Funding lines directly These funding lines are articulated through qualified energy services
managed by IDAE to companies (ESCO).
integrate renewable Interest rates:
energies in buildings: - Biomass: Euribor + 1.5%
Biomcasa, Geotcasa and - Geothermal: Euribor + 2.2%
Solcasa - Solar energy: Euribor + 2.2%
16/229.1 UK
The UK Climate Change Act 2008 sets a target for 80% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050
(and 34% by 2020). This includes a target for minimal emissions from existing homes by
2050. Carbon and energy standards for new buildings are made increasingly stringent, and
new homes built after 2016 will have to be zero carbon, but it is estimated that 80% of the
homes that will be standing in 2050 have already been built. The focus therefore must be
upon retrofit and renovation of existing homes. In England, Building Regulations relating to
energy in buildings (both domestic and non-domestic) are outlined in Part L (Conservation of
fuel and power) and where domestic dwellings are concerned (L1a), these relate to the
increasingly stringent emission reductions prescribed by the Code for Sustainable Homes. In
December 2011, responsibility for Building Regulations in Wales passed to Welsh Ministers;
at this time, the 2010 Building Regulations still apply but any future reviews and changes will
be undertaken separately in Wales. Key points in these regulations are the original CO2
reduction targets based on Target Emission Rate (TER) of 2006 Building Regulations, which is
determined by the floor area of the property.
Currently, discussions are on-going as to whether to include ‘allowable solutions’, rather
than insisting on Zero Carbon Homes, as specified by Code Level 6. Allowable solutions have
yet to be confirmed, but may include: going beyond minimum carbon compliance (exceeding
fabric energy efficiency and/or on-site electricity or heat production), giving credit for low
energy appliances or building controls to reduce energy demand, exporting low carbon or
renewable heat from the development, credit for contribution by the developer towards low
or zero carbon infrastructure, etc. It is hoped that a final definition of NZEB will be available
later in 2012, along with details of any eligible 'allowable solutions'.
Building Regulations L1b, relating to existing dwellings, has requirements relating to
refurbishments. When renovating more than 25% of a given element of a building, there is a
range of requirements to improve the energy efficiency of that element, where appropriate.
Public buildings are also increasingly the target of national legislation to improve energy
performance - since 1 October 2008 all public buildings in the UK over 1,000m 2 must display
a Display Energy Certificate (DEC) prominently at all times – the DEC shows the actual energy
consumption of the building using the familiar A to G energy rating and graphics. Each DEC is
accompanied by an advisory report that is designed to help building owners and occupiers to
improve the energy efficiency of their buildings so that future DEC’s show a better rating.
There are financial penalties for not displaying the DEC and having possession of a current
advisory report. In addition, all local authorities are required to monitor and report the CO2
emissions from their own operations including energy use in buildings (formally known as
National Indicator 185) and this data is now required to be provided to central government
as part of the single data reporting list. Many public buildings also fall under the remit of the
Carbon Reduction Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme (CRC) which is a mandatory cap
and trade scheme in the United Kingdom that will apply to large non energy-intensive
organisations in the public and private sectors. Organisations participating in the scheme,
including local authorities and other public sector bodies are required to submit annual
energy use data and pay fines on any emissions over agreed limits. A league table is also
produced as an incentive for action.
17/22Current NZEB status in the UK is indicated in the table below.
NZEB standards in the UK
Implemented Not implemented Implementation in progress
Implementation of NZEB standards in the UK will be carried out through national legislation
regarding energy performance of buildings including corresponding regulations listed in
table below.
National level
Building regulations Part L (Conservation of fuel and power) – linked to Code for Sustainable Homes
requirements:
L1a (new domestic dwellings), 2010 (with 2010 amendments);
L1b (existing domestic dwellings) 2010 (with 2011 amendments);
L2a (new non-domestic buildings) 2010 (with 2010 amendments);
L2b (existing non-domestic buildings) 2010 (with 2011 amendments).
Building regulations Part E (Resistance to the passage of sound)
Building regulations Part F (Ventilation)
Building regulations Part G (Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency)
Building regulations Part J (Heat producing appliances)
Building regulations Part N (Glazing safety)
Building regulations Part P (Electrical safety)
Financial and support schemes available in the UK for development of NZEB projects is given
and briefly described in table below.
Financial and support schemes Short description
National
Microgeneration tariff paid by energy suppliers to householders and businesses
Feed In Tariffs (FIT) with electricity generating technologies such as PV, wind, hydro etc. Unit rates
degress each year for new installations.
Similar to FIT, but applicable to heat generating technologies (biomass, heat
Renewable Heat
pumps etc), funded by Government. Domestic scale installations will have
Incentive (RHI)
output ‘deemed’ rather than measured to calculate payments.
One-off grants available to householders for installations of renewable heat
Renewable Heat
generating technologies (as RHI) to incentivise installation before RHI is
Premium Payment
launched for domestic sector in autumn 2012.
Primarily a loan finance scheme which householders and businesses can use for
installation of energy efficiency and renewable energy measures; repayments
are via fuel bills and should not exceed the savings achieved through
Green Deal
installation. Eligible measures include those recommended on the revised
Energy Performance Certificate and householders and businesses must also
have an ‘occupancy assessment’ to calculate realistic savings.
Linked to Green Deal, ECO will offer further financial assistance to households
Energy Company
in energy poverty, similar to current obligations on energy companies, where
Obligation (ECO)
measures such as wall and loft insulation are offered free of charge.
Interest free (Wales) and low interest (England) loans to purchase specific
Carbon Trust loans energy saving equipment, where loan amount available depends on savings and
payback.
EU
European Investment Bank (www.eib.org) and
For investors in the energy efficiency and renewable
European Bank for Reconstruction and
energy sector
Development (www.ebrd.com)
18/224 NZEB status of SUSTAINCO project partner countries
Summarizing the available data, the current NZEB status in countries participating in
SUSTAINCO project is indicated in the table below.
SUSTAINCO partner country NZEB standard in period June-September 2012
Implementation in
Austria Implemented Not implemented
progress
Implementation in
Croatia Implemented Not implemented
progress
Implementation in
Ireland Implemented Not implemented
progress
Implementation in
Norway Implemented Not implemented
progress
Implementation in
Romania Implemented Not implemented
progress
Implementation in
Spain Implemented Not implemented
progress
Implementation in
UK Implemented Not implemented
progress
19/225 Conclusions and Recommendations
Energy performance requirements for buildings in Europe have been set and continuously
changing for more than 30 years. The ambitious energy goals were usually imposed through
successful pilot building projects and the same energy performance levels have then been
transferred to the building practice by top runners of the building industry. Innovations have
been developed that allow reducing the energy demand continuously and an important
range of builders have adopted this as their standard energy performance level for buildings,
which enabled the governments to tighten the general minimum energy performance
requirements.
Considering available data on NZEB status in seven countries participating in SUSTAINCO
project, it could be concluded that only one of them (Spain) has not yet started the process
of transformation of the national legislative framework for adoption of NZEB standard, but
this is expected soon. The best progress in adoption of NZEB standard has been made in
Austria, with adoption of OIB giudeline (OIB Richtlinie 6, adopted in 2011) in all nine regions
of the country (adopted in the respective building laws, making it legaly binding). In two year
time an addendum to the OIB RL 6, which will include the definition of NZEB, is planned to
be enacted. The most of the countries including Croatia, Ireland, Romania and UK have
implemented 20/20/20 target in their National action plans according to the EPBD Directive
2006/32/EC and have started working on implementing EPBD Directive 2010/32/EC
requirements (defining the new methodology for energy audits and certification, the cost-
optimality calculation by the end of 2012, the plans to increase the number of NZEB
buildings). Although Norway is not one of the EU Memeber States, the Action plan for
energy efficiency is planned to be introduced by Government, with the aim of reducing
overall energy use in the building sector considerably by 2020. Energy use requirements in
the building regulations will be tightened to passive house standard in 2015 and to close to
zero-energy standard by 2020.
Regarding financial institutions in countries participating in SUSTAINCO project which
finance renewable energy and efficiency energy projects for public and private sector, most
of the countries have national support schemes already in place. Regarding regional support
schemes only Austria has developed support schemes for residential and non residental
buildings funding. Most of the countries have feed-in tarifs in place giving subsidies through
national institutional funds for implementing RES measures in private households. All
countries participating in SUSTAINCO project have financial framework ready to adopt new
funding sources, like Structural and Cohesion funds regarding support to NZEB projects in
national or regional level. On the other hand, sole responsability for insuring this funding
sources lies on Government capability to plan ahead, insuring that the operational
programmes for energy sector are in place.
20/226 Definitions
For the purpose of this report (as in the EPBD), following definitions shall apply:
1. "building" means a roofed construction having walls, for which energy is used to condition
the indoor climate;
2. "nearly zero-energy building" means a building that has a very high energy performance,
as determined in accordance with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy
required should be covered to a very significant extent by energy from renewable
sources, including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby;
3. "technical building system" means technical equipment for the heating, cooling,
ventilation, hot water, lighting or for a combination thereof, of a building or building unit;
4. "energy performance of a building" means the calculated or measured amount of energy
needed to meet the energy demand associated with a typical use of the building, which
includes, inter alia, energy used for heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water and lighting;
5. "primary energy" means energy from renewable and non-renewable sources which has
not undergone any conversion or transformation process;
6. "energy from renewable sources" means energy from renewable non-fossil sources,
namely wind, solar, aerothermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy,
hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases;
7. "building envelope" means the integrated elements of a building which separate its
interior from the outdoor environment;
8. "building unit" means a section, floor or apartment within a building which is designed or
altered to be used separately;
9. "building element" means a technical building system or an element of the building
envelope;
10. "major renovation" means the renovation of a building where:
(a) the total cost of the renovation relating to the building envelope or the technical building
systems is higher than 25 % of the value of the building, excluding the value of the land
upon which the building is situated; or
(b) more than 25 % of the surface of the building envelope undergoes renovation;
Member States may choose to apply option (a) or (b).
11. "European standard" means a standard adopted by the European Committee for
Standardisation, the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation or the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute and made available for public use;
12. "energy performance certificate" means a certificate recognised by a Member State or
by a legal person designated by it, which indicates the energy performance of a building
or building unit, calculated according to a methodology adopted in accordance with
Article 3;
13. "cogeneration" means simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and
electrical and/or mechanical energy;
14. "cost-optimal level" means the energy performance level which leads to the lowest cost
during the estimated economic lifecycle, where:
(a) the lowest cost is determined taking into account energy-related investment costs,
maintenance and operating costs (including energy costs and savings, the category of
building concerned, earnings from energy produced), where applicable, and disposal
costs, where applicable; and
21/22(b) the estimated economic lifecycle is determined by each Member State. It refers to the
remaining estimated economic lifecycle of a building where energy performance
requirements are set for the building as a whole, or to the estimated economic lifecycle of
a building element where energy performance requirements are set for building
elements.
The cost-optimal level shall lie within the range of performance levels where the cost benefit
analysis calculated over the estimated economic lifecycle is positive;
15. "air-conditioning system" means a combination of the components required to provide a
form of indoor air treatment, by which temperature is controlled or can be lowered;
16. "boiler" means the combined boiler body-burner unit, designed to transmit to fluids the
heat released from burning;
17. "effective rated output" means the maximum calorific output, expressed in kW, specified
and guaranteed by the manufacturer as being deliverable during continuous operation
while complying with the useful efficiency indicated by the manufacturer;
18. "heat pump" means a machine, a device or installation that transfers heat from natural
surroundings such as air, water or ground to buildings or industrial applications by
reversing the natural flow of heat such that it flows from a lower to a higher temperature.
For reversible heat pumps, it may also move heat from the building to the natural
surroundings;
19. "district heating" or "district cooling" means the distribution of thermal energy in the
form of steam, hot water or chilled liquids, from a central source of production through a
network to multiple buildings or sites, for the use of space or process heating or cooling.
7 Abbreviations
NZEB - Nearly Zero-Energy Building (National cost optimal energy use of > 0 kWh/(m²a)
primary energy)
NN – Official Gazette in Croatia
EE – Energy Efficiency
RES – Renewable Energy Systems
EEC – Energy Efficiency Certificate
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