Culture wars around the world: how countries perceive divisions - June 2021
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Culture wars around the world: how countries perceive divisions June 2021 © Ipsos | Culture Wars | June 2020 | Version 1 | Public |
Culture war divisions © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | Public
Q % who agree
Global country average 35%
From what you see on TV, South Africa 58%
United States 57%
in the news media and India 57%
online, and in your Brazil 47%
Belgium 46%
conversations with others, Turkey 45%
to what extent do you Poland 44%
South Korea 41%
agree or disagree that Malaysia 40%
[country] is divided by Italy 39%
“culture wars”? Argentina 38%
France 38%
Peru 37%
People in South Africa (58%), India Chile 37%
Australia 34%
(57%) and the US (57%) are most Hungary 33%
likely to feel that their country is Great Britain 32%
China 29%
divided by culture wars, with a
Singapore 28%
significant gap in opinion between Sweden 28%
them and people in Brazil (47%), who Canada 28%
Mexico 26%
are next most likely to think their
Spain 24%
nation is divided in this way. Netherlands 21%
Saudi Arabia 21%
Germany 19%
In most countries, relatively few
Russia 18%
actively disagree with the statement. Japan 9%
Instead the level of don’t knows is
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
often notable, suggesting this is not a
familiar concept to many.
3 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicTensions between different groups in society © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | Public
Q Global Country average
% who say a great deal or fair amount
How much tension, if any, Rich and poor 74%
would you say there is People who support different political parties 69%
between […] in [country]
today? Different social classes 67%
Immigrants and people born in [country] 66%
On average across the 28 countries Those with more socially liberal, progressive
65%
surveyed, people perceive most ideas and those with more traditional values
tension to exist between the rich and The metropolitan elite and ordinary working people 62%
poor, followed by divisions by
politics, social class, immigration, Different ethnicities 62%
and between those with different
values. Different religions 57%
There is relatively less tension (but Men and women 48%
still mentioned by nearly half) seen Those with a university education and
47%
between cities and those outside those without a university education
cities, between old and young, or by Old and young 46%
levels of education or between men
and women. Those in cities and those outside of cities 42%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
5 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ The Netherlands % who say a great deal or fair amount
How much tension, if any, Immigrants and people born in [country] 73%
would you say there is Different ethnicities 70%
between […] in [country]
today? Different religions 64%
Rich and poor 57%
Those with more socially liberal, progressive
56%
ideas and those with more traditional values
People who support different political parties 54%
Different social classes 51%
The metropolitan elite and ordinary working people 49%
Old and young 34%
Those in cities and those outside of cities 29%
Those with a university education and
27%
those without a university education
Men and women 25%
Base: 500 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
6 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 66%
How much tension, if any, South Africa 89%
Belgium 81%
would you say there is Peru 80%
between immigrants and Italy 79%
Singapore 78%
people born in [country] United States 78%
today? Chile 78%
Sweden 76%
France 75%
Germany 74%
South Africa stands out for perceived Netherlands 73%
Turkey 73%
tension between immigrants and
Great Britain 72%
those born in the country, with 89% Malaysia 70%
thinking there is at least a fair South Korea 67%
Hungary 65%
amount of unease. This is followed
Spain 65%
by Belgium (81%) and Peru (80%). Canada 63%
India 62%
Australia 61%
People in China and Japan (35%)
Mexico 61%
are least likely to think this. Russia 60%
Poland 53%
Brazil 51%
Argentina 49%
Saudi Arabia 49%
China 35%
Japan 35%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
7 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 62%
How much tension, if any, United States 83%
South Africa 79%
would you say there is Chile 75%
between different Belgium 73%
Brazil 73%
ethnicities in [country] Italy 72%
today? Sweden 72%
France 70%
Great Britain 70%
Netherlands 70%
The US comes top for perceived
Hungary 67%
tension between different ethnicities, South Korea 67%
with 83% believing there is a great India 66%
Peru 66%
deal or fair amount. South Africa, Australia 66%
where 79% feel this way, comes Spain 65%
second. Canada 64%
Germany 61%
People in Japan (26%) and China Malaysia 61%
(31%) are least likely to perceive Turkey 59%
such tensions. Singapore 58%
Mexico 58%
Poland 50%
Russia 49%
Argentina 44%
Saudi Arabia 44%
China 31%
Japan 26%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
8 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 57%
How much tension, if any, South Korea 78%
India 75%
would you say there is Belgium 73%
between different religions Brazil 73%
France 72%
[in country] today? South Africa 66%
Mexico 66%
Netherlands 64%
Sweden 64%
People in South Korea (78%) and Malaysia 63%
United States 63%
India (75%) are most likely to say
Great Britain 62%
there is at least a fair amount of Italy 62%
tension between different religions in Germany 61%
Australia 60%
their country. Turkey 58%
Poland 57%
Those in Japan (23%) are the least Spain 56%
Peru 55%
likely to think this. Canada 53%
Chile 52%
Singapore 48%
Argentina 45%
Russia 45%
Hungary 37%
Saudi Arabia 37%
China 35%
Japan 23%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
9 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 74%
How much tension, if any, South Korea 91%
Chile 91%
would you say there is Hungary 86%
between rich and poor [in Argentina 85%
Russia 85%
country] today? Peru 84%
Mexico 84%
South Africa 82%
United States 81%
Chile (91%) and South Korea (91%) Turkey 80%
come top for perceived divisions Brazil 79%
Italy 77%
between rich and poor. Belgium 76%
Singapore 75%
European countries fare India 75%
France 74%
comparatively better, with Italy Great Britain 72%
ranked highest among this group, Germany 71%
with 77% believing there is at least a Spain 69%
Canada 69%
fair amount of tension between rich Australia 68%
and poor. Malaysia 68%
Poland 67%
Sweden 60%
China (55%), Japan (54%) and Netherlands 57%
Saudi Arabia (50%) are the least China 55%
Japan 54%
likely to think this.
Saudi Arabia 50%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
10 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 65%
How much tension, if any, South Korea 87%
Chile 86%
would you say there is United States 85%
between those with more Argentina 80%
Spain 77%
socially liberal, Brazil 76%
progressive ideas and Mexico 74%
Peru 74%
those with more traditional South Africa 72%
values in [country] today? Poland 72%
Turkey 71%
Hungary 70%
India 69%
Nearly two-thirds (65%) globally say
Great Britain 67%
that their country has tension Italy 66%
between those with socially Malaysia 65%
Singapore 65%
liberal/progressive values and those Canada 61%
with more traditional values. Australia 60%
Belgium 58%
Netherlands 56%
South Korea (87%), Chile (86%) and Germany 55%
the US (85%) come top overall for Russia 55%
such perceived tensions while China France 52%
Saudi Arabia 52%
(38%) and Japan (34%) are at the Sweden 51%
bottom of the list. China 38%
Japan 34%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
11 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 69%
How much tension, if any, South Korea 91%
United States 90%
would you say there is Hungary 88%
between people who Argentina 87%
Chile 86%
support different political Turkey 85%
parties in [country] today? Poland 84%
South Africa 84%
Brazil 83%
Peru 82%
People in South Korea (91%), the
Mexico 82%
US (90%), Hungary (88%) and Spain 81%
Argentina (87%) are most likely to Malaysia 77%
India 73%
feel there is significant political
Italy 72%
tension in their country. Great Britain 70%
Singapore 65%
France 61%
Canada 59%
Germany 57%
Belgium 57%
Sweden 55%
Netherlands 54%
Australia 53%
Russia 50%
Saudi Arabia 40%
China 38%
Japan 31%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
12 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 67%
How much tension, if any, Chile 88%
South Korea 87%
would you say there is Argentina 85%
between different social Peru 81%
Mexico 80%
classes [in country] Brazil 77%
today? Russia 76%
United States 76%
Hungary 76%
South Africa 74%
People in Chile (88%) and South Turkey 72%
Korea (87%) are also most likely to Singapore 69%
think there is tension between India 69%
Italy 69%
different social classes in their France 68%
country. Belgium 67%
Great Britain 66%
Spain 66%
Japan (44%), China (43%) and Malaysia 64%
Saudi Arabia (41%) are the least Germany 63%
Sweden 61%
likely to think this.
Poland 59%
Canada 59%
Australia 57%
Netherlands 51%
Japan 44%
China 43%
Saudi Arabia 41%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
13 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 62%
How much tension, if any, Chile 84%
Russia 82%
would you say there is South Korea 78%
between the metropolitan Hungary 76%
Peru 73%
elite and ordinary working United States 73%
people in [country] today? Argentina 70%
Mexico 69%
Turkey 69%
Chile (84%) and Russia (82%) are Brazil 69%
South Africa 68%
ranked top for perceived tensions
India 65%
between the metropolitan elite and Great Britain 64%
ordinary working people. Malaysia 63%
Italy 61%
Singapore 61%
Saudi Arabia (40%), Japan (39%) Sweden 60%
and China (37%) however are the France 60%
Spain 59%
countries where people are least Belgium 59%
likely to recognise this type of Poland 57%
tension in their country. Canada 56%
Australia 55%
Netherlands 49%
Germany 45%
Saudi Arabia 40%
Japan 39%
China 37%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
14 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 46%
How much tension, if any, South Korea 80%
India 61%
would you say there is Singapore 58%
between old and young [in Peru 55%
United States 54%
country] today? Mexico 53%
South Africa 53%
Brazil 53%
80% of people in South Korea think Hungary 52%
Chile 49%
there is a great deal or fair amount
Italy 49%
of tension between old and young Malaysia 48%
people in their country – far above Turkey 47%
Argentina 45%
India, where perceptions of
Poland 44%
generational tensions are second- Great Britain 43%
worst, on 61%. Australia 43%
China 42%
Germany 42%
People in Sweden (29%) and France Japan 42%
(31%) are least likely to perceive Belgium 41%
Spain 40%
such tensions. Canada 38%
Saudi Arabia 37%
Russia 36%
Netherlands 34%
France 31%
Sweden 29%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
15 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 42%
How much tension, if any, Peru 66%
India 61%
would you say there is South Korea 58%
between those in cities South Africa 56%
Malaysia 55%
and those outside of cities Mexico 53%
in [country] today? Chile 52%
Argentina 50%
Brazil 49%
United States 46%
Tensions between people living in
Sweden 40%
and outside of cities are seen to be Hungary 40%
the worst in Peru, where 66% feel Great Britain 40%
Poland 40%
there is at least a fair amount of Italy 39%
unease between these two groups. Australia 38%
Turkey 38%
Russia 38%
This is more than twice the France 37%
proportion of people in Germany Canada 36%
(25%), at the other end of the Saudi Arabia 36%
Japan 33%
spectrum, who feel the same. Singapore 32%
Belgium 32%
China 32%
Spain 29%
Netherlands 29%
Germany 25%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
16 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 47%
How much tension, if any, South Korea 70%
Peru 66%
would you say there is Brazil 63%
between those with a India 62%
Singapore 62%
university education and South Africa 61%
those without a university Mexico 61%
Chile 61%
education in [country] Malaysia 59%
today? Turkey 54%
Argentina 50%
United States 50%
Those in South Korea (70%) and Italy 47%
China 46%
Peru (66%) are most likely to say
Saudi Arabia 43%
there is tension between those with Belgium 42%
a university education and those Poland 41%
Hungary 41%
without.
Great Britain 36%
France 35%
People in Australia (31%), Russia Spain 34%
Sweden 34%
(30%) and the Netherlands (27%)
Japan 33%
are least likely to think this. Germany 33%
Canada 33%
Australia 31%
Russia 30%
Netherlands 27%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
17 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicQ % who say a great deal or fair amount
Global country average 48%
How much tension, if any, South Korea 80%
South Africa 71%
would you say there is Mexico 69%
between men and women Brazil 68%
India 65%
in [country] today? Turkey 63%
China 63%
Chile 63%
Perceptions of tension between men Peru 62%
Australia 58%
and women are highest in South
Argentina 58%
Korea, at 80%, followed by around United States 53%
seven in ten in South Africa, Mexico Spain 50%
Italy 49%
and Brazil.
Malaysia 47%
Singapore 44%
The Netherlands and Russia do best Saudi Arabia 41%
France 40%
on this measure, with around a Belgium 39%
quarter in each nation believing Sweden 38%
there is tension across the gender Poland 37%
Canada 37%
divide. Great Britain 36%
Germany 35%
Japan 33%
Hungary 31%
Russia 27%
Netherlands 25%
Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
18 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicPolitical correctness © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | Public
0 to 3 (Feel many people are too 4 to 7 (Feel people need to change the way
Q easily offended) they talk to be more sensitive)
Global country average 31% 60%
Some people think that the Great Britain 51% 43%
way people talk needs to be Australia 50% 46%
United States 49% 45%
more sensitive to people from Sweden 47% 43%
different backgrounds. Others Canada 45% 48%
think that many people are Netherlands 45% 49%
just too easily offended. Belgium 42% 52%
South Korea 40% 57%
Where would you place France 39% 48%
yourself on this scale? 0 – Hungary 36% 58%
people are too easily offended, Poland 33% 62%
7 – need to change the way Spain 31% 63%
Argentina 29% 60%
people talk South Africa 29% 66%
The British public emerge as the Germany 27% 59%
Singapore 27% 67%
most likely to say that people are too Mexico 27% 67%
easily offended, followed by those in Italy 25% 67%
Chile 24% 70%
Australia and the US. At the other
Russia 23% 69%
end of the spectrum, people in India, Peru 23% 70%
Turkey and China are most likely to Brazil 23% 70%
Malaysia 22% 71%
feel that people need to change the
Japan 21% 58%
way they talk to be more sensitive to Saudi Arabia 21% 61%
those from different backgrounds. Turkey 16% 76%
India 15% 76%
China 12% 72%
On balance, most countries tend
towards thinking that we need to Base: 23,004 adults interviewed online between 23 Dec 2020 and 8 Jan 2021
change the way people talk.
20 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicThese are the results of a 28-market survey The samples in Brazil, Chile, mainland China,
conducted by Ipsos on its Global Advisor online India, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Russia,
platform. Ipsos interviewed a total of 23,004 adults Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, and Turkey
aged 18-74 in Singapore, 18-74 in the United are more urban, more educated, and/or more
States, Canada, Malaysia, South Africa and affluent than the general population. The survey
Turkey, 21-74 in Singapore and 16-74 in 22 other results for these markets should be viewed as
markets between 23 December 2020 and 8 reflecting the views of the more “connected”
January 2021. segment of their population.
The sample consists of approximately 1,000 The data is weighted so that each country’s
individuals in each of Australia, Belgium, Brazil, sample composition best reflects the demographic
Canada, mainland China, France, Germany, Great profile of the adult population according to the
Britain, Italy, Japan, Spain and the U.S., and 500 most recent census data.
individuals in each of Argentina, Chile, Hungary,
“The Global Country Average” reflects the average
India, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Peru,
result for all the countries where the survey was
Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South
conducted. It has not been adjusted to the
Africa, South Korea, Sweden, and Turkey.
population size of each country and is not
The samples in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, intended to suggest a total result.
Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain,
Where results do not sum to 100 or the ‘difference’
Hungary, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland,
appears to be +/-1 more/less than the actual, this
South Korea, Spain, Sweden and the U.S. can be
may be due to rounding, multiple responses, or
taken as representative of their general adult
the exclusion of “don’t know” or not stated
population under the age of 75.
responses.
21 © Ipsos | Culture wars | June 2021 | Version 1 | PublicThis study did not have any external sponsors or partners.
It was initiated and run by Ipsos with the intention to share
our understanding about the world we live in and how
citizens around the globe think & feel about their world.
For more information
Sjoerd van Heck
Ipsos Public Affairs
sjoerd.vanheck@ipsos.comYou can also read
