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# 01 January CROSS ASSET 2021 Investment Strategy CIO VIEWS The big shock, the big hope, the big illusions THIS MONTH’S TOPIC 2021 global outlook reassessed Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY #01 - January 2021 Table of contents Global Investment Views CIO Views Multi-asset The big shock, the big hope, the big illusions p. 3 Reinforce cyclicality with relative value 2020 was an unprecedented year in modern history, and and hedges p. 5 the big shock witnessed is not going to reverse completely. We maintain a pro-cyclical tilt and believe the reflation trade Entering 2021, the reflation phase may continue, but investors can continue, but investors must protect their equity and credit will have to assess four key factors – success on large-scale exposure through robust hedges. vaccine dissemination, continuation of fiscal and monetary stimulus, global recovery led by China and the risk around Fixed income consensus itself. Lower expected returns in bonds amid low “Great discrimination” in credit p. 6 rates and tight credit spreads mean that investors will have to embrace higher risk (higher equity) to reach their return Economic reopening could raise inflation expectations in the targets. In doing this, investors should not underestimate the US, affecting real yields. Investors should use credit research importance of diversification and strong hedging. as a means to strike a balance between higher yields and high quality. Macro Equity ECB: strong support to Euro fixed income in 2021 p. 4 Still room for Value to catch up p. 7 The increased stimulus is consistent with a scenario of low Despite the recent outperformance of Value vs Growth, the rates for longer and search for yield in the Eurozone. catch-up potential for Value is significant and depends on earnings growth and economic normalisation. This Month’s Topic 2021 global outlook reassessed p. 8 As the Q420 is now closed, we confirm the “financial recovery regime” as our central scenario for 2021 with a higher conviction than in Q320. We expect better corporate fundamentals at a global level going forward. The rebound of EPS growth will eventually validate current asset price levels in the context of low interest rates. This explains our cautious optimism for the coming quarters. We have also analysed the sustainability of the ongoing risk rotation from Credit HY to value/cyclical equities. We confirm our constructive medium- term view with a continuation and maturing of the financial recovery regime. Thematic Global views Is the euro’s rise a sign of greater resilience? p. 14 The complexity and fragility of European institutions have contributed to maintaining a specific political risk premium on European assets, including the euro. But institutions were ultimately strengthened when negotiators agreed in July to launch the New Generation EU package. The euro’s recent appreciation may be an early sign of decline in this risk premium. Foreign investors may therefore want to rebalance their portfolios in favour of Eurozone assets, which could push the euro higher. Should the euro appreciate too fast, the ECB would not stay on the side-lines. Thematic United States: the power of Executive Orders p. 16 Following the elections in Georgia, the Democrats have a very small majority in Congress. To facilitate governance, the new administration is likely to continue to govern using Executive Orders (EOs). Their use has grown over time, and they have become a full-fledged instrument of governance. Market scenarios & risks Macroeconomic picture > Central & alternative scenarios p. 18 > Developed countries p. 23 Macroeconomic outlook - Market forecasts > Top risks p. 19 > Emerging countries p. 24 > Cross asset dispatch: Macroeconomic outlook - Market forecasts Detecting markets turning points p. 20 > M acro and market forecasts p. 25 > Global research clips p. 21 > Disclaimer to our forecasts / Methodology p. 26 > Amundi asset class views p. 22 > Publications highlights p. 27 2- Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY CIO VIEWS The big shock, the big hope, the big illusions 2020 has been an unprecedented year in modern history, with the Covid-19 pandemic leading to the deepest global recession post World War II that has affected the most countries simultaneously since the 1870s (World Bank). This big shock is not going to reverse completely, and the old normal will not return as it used to be. Hopes for a fast vaccine distribution, a further fiscal push, and for decreasing geopolitical tensions are all driving the reflation narrative. As a result, despite the recession, most markets are closing the year with positive performances. Entering 2021, the reflation phase may continue, but investors will have to assess four factors to play the rotation, avoid bubbles, and build resilient portfolios. Factor 1. Recent market rally is based on blind faith in the success of vaccines and on BLANQUÉ Pascal the brave assumption that everything will be as before. This is the first source of risk – not Group Chief Investment Officer only because the production, and dissemination, of vaccines on a large scale is not a trivial endeavour, but also because markets are assuming that a large majority of the population will be vaccinated. The idea of normality being just around the corner is a chimera, and this will bring up all the issues associated with this scattered restart. For investors, distribution of a vaccine should further support recovery and the case for favouring equity vs HY credit. In this rotation, Value will benefit the most while investors should stay cautious in the most crowded growth areas, where a significant bubble could be under pressure in a reflation environment. Factor 2. Fiscal and monetary policy are keeping the economic system going, but what has been put in place so far is insufficient – especially on the fiscal side – but also not always well directed or calibrated. Any withdrawal of measures is unthinkable; on the contrary, CBs will be called upon to do more, and the risk of a policy mistake is underestimated MORTIER Vincent by the market. On the other hand, some inflation pressure will eventually materialise. At Deputy Group Chief Investment the beginning of 2021, 10Y Treasury yields are now above 1%, the highest level since last Officer March.. Should the recovery drive some higher inflation, yields could rise further, with some possible domino effects on markets. Again, we do not expect to see high inflation tomorrow, but buoyant housing markets, supply chain relocations, and a huge amount of savings waiting to fuel pent-up demand could rapidly change the zero inflation narrative forever. It’s likely that the Fed will intervene in case of any quick move in yields in a sort of curve-control mode. Investors should be watchful of inflation to avoid being trapped in the long-duration trade, which is increasingly risky. We recommend a balanced approach to duration and investors should consider exposure to US inflation which could be first to materialise in a weak dollar scenario. Factor 3. The recovery path is being led by China. It is leading the way out of the crisis as the only big economy to fully recover in 2020. In 2021, China should continue on this trajectory of faster growth compared to the RoW, lifting EM Asia and with a positive feedback loop, especially with Europe, given the strong trade links with China and Asia. Investors should consider entering 2021 with an allocation to EM, and Chinese and Asian equities. In fact, despite the strong performance seen in 2020, there is room for further Overall risk sentiment growth, in our view, especially in areas more linked to internal demand. Factor 4. The key risk today in the market is the consensus itself. The skyrocketing Risk off Risk on negative-yielding debt will push the search for yield to the extreme. The temptation to go down in quality is high as well as to make all the same low-interest-rate forever bets. But, this is dangerous, if we consider the scarce market liquidity in the system. For investors, credit selection is paramount, but it is key to look across the board to search for yield. Including investments in private markets, for investors with the appropriate time horizon, Watch out for inflation and will provide a wider and diversified spectrum of opportunities. In addition, investors should selective rotation into equities balance the appetite for yield in HY and EM bonds (including LC) and credit with exposure balanced by the need for hedges to government bonds as liquidity providers and diversifiers in asset allocation. and duration exposure Investors will enter 2021 with a positive backdrop for equities. Lower expected returns Changes vs. previous month in bonds amid low interest rates and tight credit spreads mean that investors will have to Exploit rotation opportunities in embrace higher risk (higher equity) to reach their return targets. Volatility could also return cyclical, value segments in ‘stop-and-go’ phases related to vaccine distribution. This reminds us of the importance UK assets upgraded (equities and of adding further sources of diversification with uncorrelated investment strategies GBP) and keeping some hedges in place. The outlook is positive, but the road to recovery will Use TIPS for diversification and likely be bumpy. Fasten your seat belt and watch out for a 2021 full of opportunities. inflation protection Overall risk sentiment is a qualitative view of the overall risk assessment of the most recent global investment committee. Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry -3
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY MACRO ECB: strong support to Euro fixed income in 2021 Very much in line with consensus and market Between the now larger PEPP and APP, the expectations, the package delivered by the ECB will in fact have more than €1.4tn of ECB at its December meeting combined remaining net purchasing capacity by end- additional measures of quantitative easing March 2022. (QE) with further support to the financial ECB QE also looks more than sufficient to system. The pandemic programme (PEPP) cover eventual additional Euro government was extended in time and increased by EUR bond net funding that may be needed to 500bn while the APP (Asset Purchasing finance new support measures to counteract Programme) was confirmed to proceed at negative impacts from current restrictions the current path of EUR 20bn in purchases and to increase its presence in supranational per month, meaning additional firepower segment as well in sight stronger EU issuance. DEFEND Monica of EUR 300bn over 15 months. Measures On the TLTRO side as well, our guess is that the Global Head of Research in support of the financial system came new measures will be effective in keeping through the TLTRO 1 tool, extended, a high level of liquidity available in the enlarged in its scope and confirmed in terms financial system, indirectly supporting bond of very favourable conditions attached technicals. to ECB lending operations. A nine-month Ultra-cheap credit for banks, even with strong extension of the PEPP into 1Q22 is longer conditionality, will not be enough to avoid a than the six-month (end 2021) extension tightening in banks’ lending conditions for generally expected by consensus, but the companies. This crisis has been characterised decision appears to be consistent with by contra-cyclical credit conditions, thanks recent messages from many ECB members to the coordinated actions of CBs and on the importance of both the size and governments. AINOUZ Valentine duration of the stimulus. The extension In recent months, banks’ credit conditions of the reinvestments horizon of maturing Deputy Head of Developed have remained accommodative, thanks to Markets Strategy research bonds is very much in the same direction (1) strong liquidity injections via TLTROs as well. and (2) government loan guarantees. The The ECB’s emphasis has turned mostly on massive supply of credit for all businesses has providing and keeping favourable funding limited corporate defaults and the long-term conditions for as long as needed to support economic damage from this crisis. We remain economic growth in recovering from the concerned about a significant tightening in pandemic crisis. In the Q&A following the bank lending conditions once government meeting, President Lagarde underlined that guaranteed loans expire. Banks had already the strategy of the ECB aims at “preserving curtailed access to corporate credit in Q3 and favourable financing conditions over the expected to tighten further in the coming three pandemic period”, defining them “in a very months. “Banks referred to the deterioration of holistic way”, namely “for all sectors of the general economic outlook, increased credit BERTONCINI Sergio the economy.” Therefore, the ECB made it risk of borrowers and a lower risk tolerance as Senior Fixed Income Strategist clear that lending rates to households and relevant factors for the tightening of their credit corporates, and at sovereign levels are all standards for loans to firms and households”. within the scope of the support, together The duration of the monetary support is as with credit flows to the economy. In order key as the degree of accommodation. A lot to reach this target, the ECB calibrated a of monetary and fiscal support is currently very strong increase in its QE, securing a justified by the pandemic. However, very “significant constant market presence” accommodative monetary policy will still be which will provide the central bank with needed after March 2022. In the coming years, the necessary flexibility for managing its (1) inflation is expected to remain well below QE. In this respect, the ECB president also the 2% target and (2) economic fragmentation underlined the symmetry of the eventual The increased stimulus pace of adjustment as on one side, the among Eurozone countries will continue to be a challenge. is consistent with a envelope represents a ceiling and “does not have to be spent in a pre-defined way, or In 2021, questions and concerns will arise scenario of low rates for even in full”, but “equally, the envelope can about what kind of monetary support is longer and search for be increased if it is necessary.” required once the coronavirus crisis ends. It is likely that the more hawkish members yield in the Eurozone We assess that the increased stimulus looks of the ECB will be more opinionated on this consistent with the objective of keeping issue. up support for technicals regarding fixed income markets into 2021 and thus supporting the current low rates for longer scenario as well as the yield search. 1 TLTRO= targeted longer-term refinancing operations. 4- Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY MULTI-ASSET Reinforce cyclicality with relative value and hedges We continue to see support for risky assets tail risks for 2021 are tilted to the upside, as we move into 2021, backed by the shift linked with US political developments and from a contraction phase to a recovery. the effects of a reflationary environment, Importantly, the US Senate runoffs won by especially if the Fed is perceived to be the Democrates strenghten the reflation behind the curve. We also stay positive trade narrative and the positive backdrop on US inflation. On Euro peripheral debt, for cyclical segments. In this environment, our view remains constructive, especially equity remains more attractive than on the 5Y BTP, which now offers lower bonds and we see some upside over a potential for spread tightening, but is still one- year horizon. We are mindful that supported by strong technicals. We are this recovery is different from those in the positive on credit as demand for carry and GERMANO Matteo past in the sense that equity valuations QE should support it, but we favour EUR Head of Multi-Asset are already high as we enter this phase IG over US due to attractive valuations, the and it is dependent on an effective, large- ECB’s recent extension of its purchasing scale rollout of vaccines. As a result, programmes and lower leverage in EUR IG. we recommend that investors be very Investors’ search for yield would support selective and valuation-conscious across a ‘smart income’ strategy in EM HC the asset spectrum. where we stay constructive, but believe potential for spread tightening is higher in High conviction ideas HY compared to IG. On FX, maintain our Overall constructive on DM equities due positive view on the Russian ruble, Mexican to positive momentum on PMIs and strong peso and Indonesia rupiah. fundamentals, we have upgraded our In DM FX, we are positive on CAD vs view on the UK amid the current ‘Brexit USD as we believe an economic recovery discount’ and improving earnings revisions, could weigh on the greenback, which We maintain a pro- but stay vigilant. On the other hand, we already looks overvalued. On the other continue to believe that Japanese and hand, growth in Canada is proving to be cyclical tilt and believe Pacific-ex-Japan (Australia) equities stronger than expected and the CAD has the reflation trade should benefit from an economic rebound. lagged the rest of commodity FX in 2H20. Their high operating leverage means Another factor supporting the CAD is that can continue, but profit margins could grow in proportion carry is the highest in Canada among the investors must protect to the higher sales we expect in 2021. On G10. Secondly, we upgraded our stance EM, we remain optimistic overall, with a on the GBP to neutral vs the USD and EUR their equity and credit positive view on Asia. In particular, with an in the prospect of a Brexit deal, but are exposure through eye for relative value, we now believe the monitoring the situation closely. Chinese A-share market (largely financials, robust hedges conventional consumption) should do well Risks and hedging vs MSCI China (ie, internet, e-commerce Additional waves of coronavirus infections and telecoms) while financials should and accompanying lockdowns, a premature benefit from the improving economic withdrawal of stimulus and geopolitical momentum supporting the factor-rotation tensions represent credible risks to an towards Value and Laggards; internet- economic recovery. As a result, investors related segments may be weighed on should maintain robust hedging structures by a regulatory overhang. Financials will in the form of derivatives, JPY, USD and also benefit from favourable technicals, USTs to safeguard credit and equities sentiment (potential inclusion in MSCI exposure. We also believe gold continues indices) and earnings. to act as a strong hedge in the current On duration, we remain positive on the environment. 10Y UST from a tactical perspective as Amundi Cross Asset Convictions 1 month change --- -- - 0 + ++ +++ Equities Credit Duration Oil Gold Source: Amundi. The table represents a cross-asset assessment on a 3- to 6-month horizon based on views expressed at the most recent global investment committee. The outlook, changes in outlook and opinions on the asset class assessment reflect the expected direction (+/-) and the strength of the conviction (+/++/+++). This assessment is subject to change. UST = US Treasury, DM = Developed markets, EM/GEM = Emerging markets, FX = Foreign exchange, FI = Fixed income, IG = Investment grade, HY = High yield, CBs = central banks, BTP = Italian government bonds, EMBI = EM Bonds Index. Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry -5
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY FIXED INCOME “Great discrimination” in credit The Q3 rebound in GDP numbers was US fixed income stronger than expected, but renewed As we move out of the pandemic and see lockdowns due to the second wave of large-scale vaccine distribution, we believe, Covid-19 infections could affect economic the pent-up demand for goods and services activity in 4Q20 and 1Q21. On the from US consumers (supported by savings), vaccine front, a large-scale rollout and coupled with the Fed’s lower-for-longer accommodative policies, as put in place by stance, should push up inflation. Accordingly, the ECB at its latest policy review meeting, we believe TIPS are a good way to diversify should drive a recovery in global GDP in 2H21, portfolios and protect from inflation. On the providing a supportive environment for risky other hand, deficit spending and increased BRARD Éric assets. However, in credit, there is a wide UST issuance may put upward pressure on gap between valuations and fundamentals. Head of Fixed Income yields, leading to some steepening. Hence, So, we recommend investors balance their we remain defensive, but believe UST search for yield with quality credit through futures offer strong liquidity. On credit, strong research and selection. active selection and research are crucial Global and European fixed income in allowing investors to de-risk portfolios. We think investors should avoid sectors With an overall cautious view on that have completely normalised. In fact, duration, we marginally downgraded current conditions are ripe for idiosyncratic our US stance to move close to neutral aspects rather than a complete market beta and maintain our defensive position on exposure. In particular, consumer (esoteric core Europe. We remain constructive on ABS) and residential mortgage markets peripheral debt mainly through Italy (ECB (agency mortgages) remain attractive SYZDYKOV Yerlan support, strong EU policy response) even in light of strong aggregate consumer Global Head of Emerging Markets though the likelihood of spread tightening earnings, savings and debt repayments. going forward is now lower. On the US curve, we stay vigilant on the 2Y, 10Y and EM bonds 30Y segments. Finally, we upgraded our Overall positive on EM FI, we believe there US break-even view, favouring 5Y over 10Y, is still room for spread compression in HY. and believe valuations are attractive in the Local FX is supported by low yields globally, EZ. The upside potential in break-even is benign inflation, stable US policy, and an not currently priced-in by the markets. We early-cycle growth environment. Asian remain constructive on credit, particularly growth could outperform other regions cyclicals, and see the recent rally as an in 1H21, offering selective opportunities. opportunity to lock in some gains without In Turkey, we acknowledge risks related altering our stance. Ihe scope for further to the BoP and lira, but believe there are J. TAUBES Kenneth spread compression is higher in HY vs IG, opportunities amid credible normalisation in BBB vs A-rated, and in subordinated CIO of US Investment of economic policies and cheap valuations. Management vs senior debt. However, markets are not far from a situation where spreads FX do not appropriately reward for the risk. Hence, we stay very active. At a sector We are cautious on USD/JPY and USD/CNY level, we are positive on financials and given improving environment for cyclical telecommunications, but cautious on basic FX. Our constructive view on NOK/EUR is Inflation and US utilities, healthcare and transportation. IG credit also maintained. Economic reopening Inflation and US IG credit could raise inflation 10 expectations in the US, 8 Inflation adjusted real yields in affecting real yields. US IG credit turned negative in Investors should use 6 the first week of Dec 2020 % credit research as 4 a means to strike a 2 balance between higher 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 yields and high quality -2 US IG real yield US IG nominal yield US 10y breakeven rate Source: Amundi, Bloomberg at 14 December 2020. Yield to worst for Bloomberg Barclays US Total Return Index. GFI= Global Fixed Income, GEMs/EM FX = Global emerging markets foreign exchange, HY = High yield, IG = Investment grade, EUR = Euro, UST = US Treasuries, RMBS = Residential mortgage-backed securities, ABS = Asset-backed securities, HC = Hard currency, LC = Local currency, CRE = Commercial real estate, CEE = Central and Eastern Europe, JBGs = Japanese government bonds, EZ = Eurozone. BoP = Balance of Payments. 6- Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY EQUITY Still room for Value to catch up Overall assessment US equities The progress on vaccines globally and the We believe equities are more attractive approval of one in the UK and two in the than credit from an income perspective, US seem to have put a time limit on the but, however, this doesn’t eliminate the pandemic, which is encouraging markets need to stay active. In fact, selection is to look into the future. On the corporate even more important today because there front, earnings growth is expected to be are pockets of extreme valuations in the significant in 2021, driven by continued market. However, digging deeper, investors stimulus and an economic recovery. should avoid hyper-growth stocks and see However, stretched valuations in some if continuous fiscal stimulus, a recovery ELMGREEN Kasper segments, risks of multiple Covid-19 waves, in 2021, and improvement in corporate Head of Equities and worries over corporate solvency earnings drive a rotation from the mega- require a selective approach. We believe cap growth stocks towards more cyclical that a fundamental, bottom-up analysis of growth and cyclical value stocks. The businesses with quality balance sheets will last should benefit from lower interest be crucial for sustainable returns. rate sensitivity. Growth names are more rate-sensitive because they have a higher European equities dependency on future earnings and would Given that reopening of the economy is be more negatively affected by rising very much dependent on a large-scale discount rates. Conversely, financials, vaccine rollout, we maintain a balanced heavily represented in the Value universe, stance, with a bias towards normalisation would benefit from a steeper yield curve. and recovery. This supports our barbell As a result, investors should: (1) consider SYZDYKOV Yerlan stance regarding defensive Inflation sectors and such USas shifting IG creditaway from hyper-growth and high Global Head of Emerging Markets healthcare and telecommunication services, momentum stocks and move to reasonably on the one hand, and quality cyclical stocks priced, stable growth names (ie, medical in 10 the industrials and material sectors, on devices); (2) aim to benefit from a rotation the other. While we are optimistic on the favouring high-quality Value stocks (ie, last 8two, we became marginally positive on Inflation adjusted industrial automation, parcelreal yields in and delivery); US IG credit turned (3) explore opportunities negative in the in ESG space. financials, 6 which should benefit from a shift the first week of Dec 2020 towards Value. Interestingly, the last month EM equities % saw Value investing coming back in favour 4 vs Growth. 2 However, on a longer historical While geopolitical risks remain on our radar perspective, the Growth vs Value premium for EM assets, we continue to be constructive is still 0 high. We believe the potential for about exploring names in countries where Value2000 2002 to outperform 2004 is still 2006 2008 but 2010economic significant, 2012 activity 2014 2016 rebounded. has 2018 2020 At a -2 J. TAUBES Kenneth US IG real yield depends on the aforementioned US IG nominal vaccine yield level, we sector US 10y arebreakeven rate positive on selectively CIO of US Investment rollout, Source:economic recovery, Amundi, Bloomberg at 14 improving PMIs, December 2020. techforand Yield to worst internet, Bloomberg Barclaysconsumer discretionary US Total Return Index. Management and direction of rates. Therefore, we prioritise and industrials, but are mindful of extreme process discipline and stock selection, all the valuations in these areas. We don’t like while managing market and style risks. In sectors where profitability may be restrained contrast, we are more cautious on consumer by government action. Stylistically discretionary, but have maintained our speaking, our tendency is to look for value negative view on tech. In all cases, though, with sufficient cyclical growth and quality we focus on resilient businessesMSCI World growth/value characteristics.- CVI Despite the recent MSCI World growth/value - Composite valuation indicator (CVI)* outperformance of 250% Value vs Growth, the 228% 200% catch-up potential for 150% Value is significant and depends on earnings 100% growth and economic 50% normalisation 0% 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 Growth vs Value premium Average +1 SD -1 SD +2 SD Source: Amundi Research, Datastream on 15 December 2020. *CVI: based on a basket of criteria in absolute terms – trailing price-to-earnings ratio (PE), price-to-book value (P/BV) and dividend yield (DY), and ranked in percentile, ranging from 0% to 100% (the percentage of time this basket was cheaper since 1979: 0% never been cheaper; 100% never been more expensive). Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry -7
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY THIS MONTH’S TOPIC 2021 global outlook reassessed As the Q420 is now closed, we confirm the “financial recovery regime” as our central scenario for 2021 with a higher conviction than in Q320. We expect better corporate fundamentals at a global level going forward. The rebound of EPS growth will eventually validate current asset price levels in the context of low interest rates. This explains our cautious optimism for the coming quarters. We have also analysed the sustainability of the ongoing risk rotation from Credit HY to value/cyclical equities. We confirm our constructive medium-term view with a continuation and maturing of the financial recovery regime. I - U pdating our 2021 economic rise in electricity prices and the progressive outlook phase-out of various VAT cuts introduced in 2020. Overall, inflation in emerging DEFEND Monica economies is already at or closer to the Global Head of Research Growth outlook reloaded CBs targets than in advanced economies. Implications of 4Q20 R eiterate our 2021 global growth Compared to our previous quarter forecast With the contribution of: assessment, the outlook for economic growth in 2021 has seen a mild shift in From a growth perspective, our global BERARDI Alessia, favour of Emerging Economies. outlook for 2021 remains broadly stable; Growth has become firmer in the US and while still dominated by base effects, it also Head of Emerging Markets Macro has slightly improved in Japan driven by factors in moderately stronger quarterly and Strategy Research more substantial fiscal support plans in growth patterns. As of December 31st, our the US, and by a stronger base effect than 2021 global growth assumption ranges from PORTELLI Lorenzo in 2020 in Japan. In Europe, 2021 growth 4.9% to 5.7%. The fiscal lever will be a key Head of Cross Asset Research expectations are curtailed due to the driver in supporting the recovery, especially in USARDI Annalisa, current developments in the pandemic and AEs. In the US, while the vaccination campaign weaker base effects than in 2020 (better- remains in progress but virus containment Senior Economist, CFA than-expected growth in Q3). measures could still dampen activity. A new fiscal package will support the economy in the Growth in the Emerging Markets increased first half of the year (worth almost 1% of 2021 mildly in 2020 versus expectations on GDP growth, according to our calculations). stronger-than-anticipated Q3, while There is some upside to our expectations as we expectations have remained stable in conservatively embedded a skinnier package 2021 with the exception of Brazil and in our original projections than the USD900b South Africa. In both of these countries, signed by the US President on December we expect a weaker base effect in 2021 27th. Moreover with the majority in Congress than in 2020. Moreover, a slower resolution post the senate runoffs in Georgia, Joe Biden of the fiscal situation in Brazil and a less should be able to add further fiscal stimulus. buoyant global economy at the turn of the In the Eurozone, the Next Generation EU year should weigh on growth, on top of (NGEU) plan is a key factor that is expected to the new lockdown measures enforced in drive growth above potential from the second South Africa. part of the year, particularly in key vulnerable The ongoing supportive policy mix is countries. We expect EZ growth to be steady the main driver behind our constructive and range from 4.3 to 5.1% in 2021 and from growth outlook in both the DM and EM. 3.6 % 4.2% in 2022 outperforming the US The effectiveness of the vaccine and herd (see table following page). The combination immunisation through its mass distribution of the vaccination campaign reaching “herd in 2021 are pivotal assumptions on which immunity” level and the release of pent-up- this outlook hinges. demand reinforcing the plan’s impact, creating Inflation in advanced economies is set to a sort of virtuous cycle, is a key feature of this remain broadly in check or subdued, with scenario. We should therefore be vigilant on of some temporary jumps linked to reversing the implementation risks. base effects. While we see progress made With growth recovering somewhat toward the targets of DM central banks, we faster, the inflation outlook has been do not expect to see uncontrolled inflation broadly muted, in particular in the in the foreseeable future. Inflationary DMs due to a broad deceleration in the trends in the EM look more mixed. In most second half of 2020. The new wave of cases, recent dynamics, particularly in the virus in Q4 introduced an additional China, have been dictated by specific and source of volatility to the macro data, with seasonal factors, and therefore temporary. the new restrictions impacting activity, Still, there are idiosyncratic stories, such as particularly in the services sector. While Turkey, where inflation should remain very representing only a proxy, a broad set of high due to strong currency depreciation, a high-frequency indicators such as mobility 8- Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY data and electricity consumption tend to the financial markets when corporate THIS MONTH’S TOPIC show a new decline in Q4 in areas where fundamentals rebound 1 . more severe lockdowns were implemented As a conclusion, the new wave of (e.g. the Eurozone), in line with the scenario infections and the selective lockdowns of a gradual but uneven recovery. implemented in several countries across Relapses in the real economy will occur the different regions makes the global due to virus outbreaks, while policy economic recovery increasingly uneven intervention will hopefully be an option and heterogeneous. The speed and to help speed things along. Moreover, effectiveness of the vaccination campaign the world’s central banks are committed will be key drivers in releasing pent-up to maintaining unconventional monetary demand, and shaping the recovery growth policies and easing financial conditions for trajectories, together with the fiscal and a long period of time. This will support monetary policy mixes. 1 I n our central scenario, this translates into pre-Covid 19 economic levels not being reached for several more quarters on average (with the exception of China, the only economy showing a proper V shaped recovery). What surprised in the Q4 2020 While uncertainty remains pervasive, our short-term cautious optimism takes the following into account. hile progress on vaccine availability increased somewhat faster than we W had anticipated, the new wave of infections across regions and particularly in the US and Europe may offset the confidence from the early start of the vaccination campaign. The health measures to tackle the new wave, implemented with different degrees of severity and implications for mobility, are generating a remarkable deceleration in high frequency data, and in some regions causing an economic contraction. While in the US these developments do not seem to have compromised Q4 growth, even if it is has slowed significantly, in Europe there are signs of an outright contraction, albeit at a fraction of that seen in Q2. The recovery should resume gradually and unevenly from Q1 2021. Growth over the year should be driven by extraordinary base effects which should offset the unprecedented losses in Q2 2020. In the US, the odds of a bi-partisan fiscal package being delivered during the lame duck period seemed low a few months ago, yet before the year-end Congress approved a USD900+ billion fiscal package that should offset the weak momentum seen in Q4, lift households’ disposable income in the first half of the year, and revive growth momentum. In the EU, the recent agreement on the NGEU multi-annual budget gives the green light for its implementation, overcoming the opposition previously expressed by Poland and Hungary, which made the negotiations tougher and increased uncertainty around its delivery and the timing of its implementation. T he financial markets kept a close eye on the pandemic logistics and moved on the positive vaccine-related news flows, the fiscal plans and the reduction in political risk, surprising us on the upside more than any rosy expectations, and implying a tactical repositioning. Macroeconomic forecasts (with information available as of December 31, 2020) Real GDP growth (%) Inflation (CPI, yoy, %) Annual 2020 2021 2022 averages (%) 2020 2021 2022 range Developed countries -5.7/-5.3 3.7/4.5 2.8/3.4 0.7 1.3 1.6 US -3.7/-3.3 3.7/4.7 2.4/3.0 1.3 1.9 2.0 Japan -5.6/-5.0 2.3/2.9 1.3/1.9 0.0 0.1 0.2 Eurozone -7.6/-7.0 4.3/5.1 3.6/4.2 0.2 0.9 1.4 UK -11.5/-11.1 3.5/4.1 4.4/5.0 0.9 1.7 1.9 Emerging countries -2.9/-2.2 5.7/6.5 3.9/4.9 3.9 3.6 3.7 China 1.4/2.0 7.9/8.5 4.9/5.5 2.5 1.4 2.2 World -4.1/-3.5 4.9/5.7 3.5/4.3 2.6 2.7 2.8 Source: Amundi Research Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry -9
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY Inflation: the elephant in the room the monetary authorities must balance THIS MONTH’S TOPIC their policies more carefully in light of very In 2021, inflation and inflationary different inflation dynamics, and we expect expectations are likely to be in the spotlight. a stable monetary policy stance (a marginal During the 4th quarter, inflation was a tightening in some cases only) on the back relevant factor but not a market mover. of a gradual recovery later on. US inflation was weak on key drivers such as As a conclusion, we believe inflation in DM shelter and medical services decelerating may experience unusual volatility in the We are convinced considerably, while EU inflation remained months to come, due to lockdown-induced in negative territory. We therefore feel it distortions and base effects, which should that inflation next would be premature to assume that inflation reverse in 2021. As long as the output gap year will trend higher expectations are anchored at higher levels. remains open, global and local deflationary In general, we expect fiscal and monetary forces may put a lid on inflation, whilst the and episodically spike policy coordination to continue, with fading negative drag from the oil base effect mainly on base effects monetary policy facilitating fiscal should help inflation grind higher over next expansion regardless of short-term 12 months together with vanishing base inflation pressures. In fact, the major DM effects from VAT cuts, where implemented central banks are revisiting as expected (e.g. Germany). In EM, the overall picture is their longer-term policy guidelines after expected to remain benign, with headline constantly missing their inflation targets inflation remaining within or close to the and thus allowing for extended periods of CBs’ targets; however, price dynamics and policy easing even in the case of modest expectations are worth monitoring, given increase of inflation. In EM, by contrast, the huge dovish efforts made by most CBs. Mapping US economic expectations. Looking at Q4 2021, strong and above median growth does not lead to persistent inflation overheating, notwithstanding the monetary policy support delivered so far. Quite the opposite, inflation moves towards the target but remains subdued. 3.2% GDP US -10.0% -8.0% -6.0% -4.0% -2.0% 0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 1.9% CPI US -3.0% -2.0% -1.0% 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 5.4% M1 US -10.0% -5.0% 0.0% 5.0% 10.0% 15.0% 20.0% 25.0% 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% Source: Amundi Global Research, Bloomberg, Eikon – Datastream, January 2020. Methodology: The table represents each variable (e.g. GDP US YoY, CPI US YoY, US M1 acceleration) expected value in Q4 2021 (black triangle) compared to two ranges: – light blue: the historical min and max values reached by the series over the sample period (starting 1988) FAIR VALUE - US HY vs US EQUITY FAIR VALUE - EU HY vs EU EQUITY – dark blue: the min and max values of the variable distribution conditioned to the estimated probability of each macro- financial phase as computed in the AIP framework. 50% 50% 45%enables to evaluate how the forecasts position compared to45% This the typical distribution of the expected financial regime as per the40% Advanced Investment Phazer 12 months ahead. 40% 35% 35% 30% II - R ebalancing the probabilities 30% Our scenarios are contingent on the pace 25% of our scenario 25% of the massive vaccine rollouts, which 20% 20% we expect to be non-linear and uneven As 2021 gets underway, we expect the 15% road to recovery to 15% remain bumpy, I ncreasing the probability of our 10% shaped on the one hand 10% by waves of central scenario to 75% 5% optimism linked to progress 5% in the mass 0% vaccination campaign and 0% on the other We have a higher conviction on our central [< - [-40%; [-30%; [-20%; [-10%; [0%;hand [10%; by [20%;virus [30%; containment [> [< - [-40%; measures, [-30%; scenario [-20%; [-10%; and [0%; we[10%; raise its probability [20%; [30%; [> 40%] -30%] -20%] -10%] 0%] 10%]which 20% ] we30%]do40%] expect to be40%] not 40%] lifted -30%] -20%] from fully -10%] 65% 0%] to 10%] 75%.20%This ] 30%] 40%] 40%] scenario assumes SPX US HYbefore Q3. that getting SXXP EU the HY world back in order will Source: Amundi Research, Bloomberg, Standard &We reviewed Poor Website, Januarythe 2021, probability assigned X axis reports portfolios be range, expected return a multi-year y axis reportsprocess, the frequencywith of the relapses in probability distribution. to our central and alternative scenarios the real economy due to virus outbreaks, in terms of expected financial regimes while policy intervention will be an option compared to the previous quarter. to help speed things along. 10 - Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry EXPECTED RETURNS - DM Risky ptf vs GEM Risky ptf
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY According to our estimates, corporate 3) a prolonged economic downturn THIS MONTH’S TOPIC earnings will prove resilient and rebound affecting business and consumer from their 2020 lows as economic activity confidence and looping into sectors that resumes. Managed low interest rates should have not yet been infiltrated by the crisis further lift the equity markets, helping to (i.e. the financial sector) and causing the maintain the remarkable gap that emerged exceptional economic crisis to evolve into between the financial markets and the a financial crisis. Q4 recovery path economy during 2020, sustained by resolute policies. T he upside risks with 10% probability diverges across regions We confirm our constructive medium- as a new wave of Our upside scenario entails the health term view of a continued and maturing crisis being solved in H1 2021, confirming infections prompts recovery, with more cautious optimism in a sustained “vaccine- enabled” recovery. the short term as far as financial markets An orderly rebalancing of policy mixes with lockdowns, partially are concerned. a boost in economic activity would intiate offsetting the sentiment Our optimism hinges on three key a virtuous path of economic recovery, achievements of the 4th quarter: prompting productivity gains on new boost provided by the 1) t angible progress in the Covid-19 digital/green developments, and a faster earlier-than-expected vaccine front since November, leading normalisation. Private demand would us to be more confident of a “vaccine- resurge, leading to a demand-led increase start of the vaccination enabled” recovery, supported by of inflation albeit benign. campaign 2) g radual progress on fiscal support Investment implications allowing us to improve our economic Given the new probabilities of our central projections 2 . We believe that fiscal and alternative scenario, we recommend expenditure will have the highest impact well diversified portfolios, with balanced by selectively addressing (welfare) risk exposures, which are resilient to rising support in those sectors that have been volatility in the case of negative shocks hardly hit by the health restrictions. All pertaining to growth or institutional G4 central banks have further committed policies. We expect corporate earnings to to maintaining accommodative financing rebound, underpinning even higher risky conditions to stabilise the financial asset price levels in the context of interest markets and monetise sovereign debt rates controlled by central banks. This issuances to boost economic growth. should sustain the ongoing risk rotation 3) m ajor political risks (including US from Credit HY to value/cyclical equities elections, hard Brexit) have disappeared and into EM assets. and therefore reduced financial markets volatility. I II - M edium-term Investment outlook T he probability of the downside scenario remains high at 15% Conveying our top-down assessment into the Advanced Investment Phazer Markets participants were a bit early in framework pricing in a “vaccine enabled” economic The risk rotation that We have described all the ingredients of our recovery. Our downside risks, priced with cycle indicator, the Advanced Investment a probability rate of 15% (down from 25%), began in Q4 20 should remain high and above the historical trend, Phazer, which underpins our medium-term continue over the Hence our cautiousness on the short-term investment views. Within this framework, market moves. we bridge our views and expectations on coming quarters the macro outlook to our convictions and We see three main catalysts, which could investment strategy. trigger our downside scenario: We confirm the financial “recovery 1 ) a genetic evolution of the virus which regime” as a central scenario (with 75% could drive the pandemic out of control prob.), with growth and macro determinants again and lead to negative growth shocks. remaining paramount. On our economic 2)policy mistakes, such as execution radar, the softening seen in Q4 2020 should risk of fiscal plans, or monetary policies not derail the 2021 rebound. Nevertheless, being paused or seeing a correction in the convergence of economic growth to part of their accommodative stance. The pre-crisis levels will be a slow and bumpy Federal Reserve for instance could be path due to the serious structural damage under pressure because of a free fall in caused by the pandemic to labour intensive the USD, de-anchoring rates or inflation sectors. expectations. The latter being consensus Our analysis based on long-term growth trade, it represents a risk per se and might determinants shows that potential play out as game changers in the scenarios. growth has been severely hit by the 2 his time, we explicitly added fiscal expenditure support (i.e. approx. USD500bn for the US with T effects in Q1 and Q2 mainly, computed in line with CBO fiscal multiplier estimates; for the Eurozone, between 15% and 20% of the allocated RRF grants for each beneficiary country, with effects from Q3 mainly, estimated with multipliers in line with each DBP presented to the EU Commission). Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry - 11
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY pandemic via all three growth channels E quities are the favourite pick within THIS MONTH’S TOPIC (loss of productivity, lower capital risky assets investment and diminished labour force participation), effects that will be reversed The resilience of corporate earnings in the only gradually over the medium term. context of managed interest rates should However, corporate earnings should be help equities to hit new highs in 2021-22 more resilient and faster in recovering without assuming skyrocketing multiple to pre-crisis levels (in the US, we levels.3.2% We expect price-to-earnings ratios GDP US to revert gradually to the historical median. expect 2021 EPS to drift even higher than -10.0% -8.0% -6.0% December -4.0% -2.0%More importantly, 2019 levels). 0.0% 2.0% from a risk Therefore,4.0% return profile, 6.0% 8.0% the asset price dynamics should not be equity market remains the favourite pick a game changer for 1.9% CBs’ monetary within risky asset classes. CPI US policies, and liquidity injections should Moreover, we expect the ongoing rotation remain solid, underpinning asset reflation from Credit HY to equities, at least in -3.0% -2.0% -1.0% and 0.0% preserving 1.0%positive2.0% financing3.0% and 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% developed markets, to continue. Although financial conditions. the volatility of HY decreased significantly Policy5.4% accelerators support risk in 2020, the potential upside from extremely M1 US assets, but the decoupling from their and artificially tight spread levels is more -10.0% -5.0% 0.0% fundamentals 5.0% 10.0%increases 15.0% downside 20.0% limited than 25.0% in past recoveries. 30.0% 35.0% 40.0% risks. This is reflected in the probability Q4 asset class rotation and the performance Source: Amundi Global Research, Bloomberg, Eikonwe – Datastream, assignJanuary to 2020. the downside scenario of risky assets significantly reduced the (15%), which includes a potential market market dislocation and the undervaluation correction above 10% i.e. in line with in the laggards (global equities risk premium historical average. vs. yield, cyclical assets, commodities and in general all reflation trades). S earch for yield and diversification FAIR VALUE - US HY vs US EQUITY FAIR VALUE - EU HY vs EU EQUITY Within this environment, the search for R eality check on the continuation and 50% yield is still the dominant 50% theme along the sustainability of the rotation 45% fixed-income spectrum: the 45% focus switches According to our analysis, the rotation 40% however to emerging market 40% bonds, for is sustainable over time. We recognise 35% diversification purposes 35%and expected higher potential in the Eurozone when 30% returns perspectives. In 30% fact, the mix of a switching from HY to equities; the recent weak US dollar, the time 25% premium adjusted 25% catch-up of this trade in the US has almost income and the improving economic 20% 20% exhausted the relative appeal in the conditions in the EM regions are tailwinds to 15% 15% global emerging market bonds. Moreover, region. Investment opportunities in the 10% easing financial conditions 10% pioneered by GEM risky assets spectrum will continue 5% central banks are preventing 5% volatility to be available in 1H21. 0% spikes in GEM yield curves0% too. We reiterate In light of these considerations, we feel it [< - [-40%; [-30%; [-20%; [-10%; [0%; our [< - [-40%; [20%; [30%; for[> inflation linkers [10%;preference over is appropriate [-30%; [-20%; [-10%; [0%; to [10%;maintain [20%; [30%;the [>rotation 40%] -30%] -20%] -10%] 0%] 10%] government 20% ] 30%] 40%] 40%] -30%] -20%] -10%] 40%] Inflation expectations bonds. trade,0%] 10%] 20% focusing ] 30%] even more40%] on40%]lagging are anchored at low levels, and this is asset classes and playing this theme at SPX US HY SXXP EU HY therefore a cheap hedge to have in case cross-asset level in order to guarantee Source: Amundi Research, Bloomberg, Standard & Poor theyWebsite, moveJanuary higher2021, goingX axisforward. reports portfolios expected return therange, y axis right reports risk the frequency of the diversification. probability distribution. In the recovery financial regime, our central case, Global Emerging risky assets (HY+Equities) outperform on average Developed Markets risk assets mainly thanks to cheaper top down valuations. 1/ Expected returns - DM Risky portfolio vs GEM Risky portfolio EXPECTED RETURNS - DM Risky ptf vs GEM Risky ptf 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% [< -40%] [-40%; -30%] [-30%; -20%] [-20%; -10%] [-10%; 0%] [0%; 10%] [10%; 20% ] [20%; 30%] [30%; 40%] [> 40%] DM Risky ptf GEM Risky ptf Source: Amundi Research, Bloomberg, Standard & Poor Website, January 2021, X axis reports portfolios expected return range, y axis reports the frequency of the probability distribution. 12 - Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry
CROSS ASSET #01 INVESTMENT STRATEGY FAIR VALUE ‐ US HY vs US EQUITY THIS 50% MONTH’S TOPIC 40% In a cross asset portfolio, the rotation from HY to Equities case holds both in the Eurozone (EZ) and US. 30% However, when considered regionally in relative FAIR terms, VALUE ‐ US HY vsthe US EZ shows more upside. EQUITY 20% 2/ Fair value - US HY vs US Equity 10% 50% 0% [< -40%] [-40%; -30%] [-30%; -20%] [-20%; -10%] [-10%; 0%] [0%; 10%] [10%; 20% ] [20%; 30%] [30%; 40%] [> 40%] 40% SPX US HY Source: 30% Amundi Research, Bloomberg, Standard & Poor Website, January 2021, X axis reports portfolios expected return range, y axis reports the frequency of the probability distribution. 20% 10% 0% [< -40%] [-40%; -30%] [-30%; -20%] [-20%; -10%] [-10%; 0%] [0%; 10%] [10%; 20% ] [20%; 30%] [30%; 40%] [> 40%] SPX US HY Source: Amundi Research, Bloomberg, Standard & Poor Website, January 2021, X axis reports portfolios expected return range, y axis reports the frequency of the probability distribution. 3/ Fair value - EU HY vs EU Equity FAIR VALUE ‐ EU HY vs EU EQUITY 50% 40% 30% 20% FAIR VALUE ‐ EU HY vs EU EQUITY 10% 0% 50% [< -40%] [-40%; -30%] [-30%; -20%] [-20%; -10%] [-10%; 0%] [0%; 10%] [10%; 20% ] [20%; 30%] [30%; 40%] [> 40%] 40% SXXP EU HY 30% Source: Amundi Research, Bloomberg, Standard & Poor Website, January 2021, X axis reports portfolios expected return range, y axis reports the frequency of the probability distribution 20% 10% Methodology: Expected returns (and fair values) forecast distributions based on scenario simulations generated from our internal macro forecasts and the financial regime probabilities as resulting from our Advanced Investment Phazer. Simulated 0% distributions capture[-40%; [< -40%] asymmetries, -30%] [-30%;upside and -10%] -20%] [-20%; downside risks [-10%; 0%] underlying [0%; 10%] the[10%; central 20% ] scenario [20%; 30%]for all asset [30%; 40%] class[> universes 40%] considered. In the last chart, we show two balanced portfolios (DM and GEM risky portfolios) based on 50% DM HY + 50% DM Equities distribution and 50% GEM HY + 50% GEM equities SXXP distribution EU HY respectively. Based on our calculation, portfolios Source: Amundi Research, Bloomberg, Standard & Poor Website, January 2021, X axis reports portfolios expected return range, y axis reports the frequency of the showing strong exposure to EM asset classes should outperform DM-based exposure. probability distribution Conclusion prolonged economic downturn affecting business and consumer confidence, and Q4 2020 confirmed the economic and (2) execution risks related to ambitious financial cycle roundtrip while the 2021 fiscal stimulus plans. financial recovery regime will ensure further room for risky asset class Although a short-term market correction rotation. We think the economic recovery is worth considering, according to our will entail a gradual but uneven catch-up analyses, the risk rotation story remains process. Relapses in the real economy will sustainable over the medium term. After occur due to virus outbreaks, while policy the recent catch-up in the US, we expect intervention should help speed things higher potential in the EZ when switching along. In this environment, growth, rates, from Credit HY to equities. Investment inflation, monetary and fiscal policies are opportunities should continue to be strongly interconnected, which means an available in the Emerging Markets in the first idiosyncratic risk can propagate a systemic half of 2021. In light of these considerations, one, even if this remains confined to our we believe it is appropriate to maintain a downside risk scenario. risk rotation focusing even more on lagging asset classes and playing this theme at The most relevant risks to our central cross-asset level in order to maintain the scenario still relate to (1) the evolution of right portfolio diversification. the pandemic in Q1 21, leading to further negative growth shocks, increasing default rates and bankruptcies as a result of Finalised on 06 January 2021 Document for the exclusive attention of professional clients, investment services providers and any other professional of the financial industry - 13
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