Credit Markets Update Asia-Pacific Q2 2021 - S&P Global

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Credit Markets Update Asia-Pacific Q2 2021 - S&P Global
Credit Markets Update Asia-Pacific Q2 2021

March 30, 2021

                 Xu Han                                       Vince Conti                                   Lyndon Fernandes
                 Associate Director, Credit Market Research   Associate Director, Credit Markets Research   Analyst, Research
                 xu.han@spglobal.com                          vincent.conti@spglobal.com                    lyndon.fernandes@spglobal.com

                 Sudeep Kesh                                  Nivritti Mishra
                 Head of Credit Markets Research              Lead Analyst, Research
                 sudeep.kesh@spglobal.com                     nivritti.mishra@spglobal.com
Financing Conditions
Highlights
APAC Financing Costs | Uneven Market Sentiment Across Ratings
Spectrum
U.S. and APAC OAS (for U.S. dollar-denominated bonds, in bps)
                                                                                                                                  –   Spreads largely steady. Despite APAC high
                        APAC 2010-19 High (Sept. 30, 2011)            COVID-19 Worst                                                  yield spreads widening in the fourth quarter
                                                                                                                                      (on the back of worries about the second
                        Beg. 2021                                     Oct. 30, 2020                                                   wave of infections in the U.S. and Europe),
                                                                                                                                      cautious optimism continues to compress
                        Feb. 26, 2021
                                                                                                                                      spreads and provide headroom for issuers
                1,400                                                                                                                 needing to come to market.
                                                                                                                                  –   Nonetheless, risks remain for funding
                1,200
Spreads (bps)

                                                                                                                                      costs. High yield spreads are showing some
                1,000                                                                                                                 tentative signs of stress. For cross-border
                                                                                                                                      funding, we are watching the potential
                 800                                                                                                                  impacts of the reflation trade on not only
                                                                                                                                      benchmark rates but also on investor
                 600                                                                                                                  demand. Beyond that, concerns about the
                                                                                                                                      string of defaults in China could potentially
                 400                                                                                                                  spill over and put upward pressure on high
                                                                                                                                      yield funding costs more broadly as well.
                 200

                   0
                                US IG                 APAC IG                       US HY                     APAC HY
                                                                     Market
Note: Data as of Feb. 26, 2021. Sources: S&P Global Ratings and Bloomberg-Barclays Indices. Spreads from Bloomberg-Barclays are
secondary market pricing.

                                                                                                                                                                                      3
U.S. Credit Composite Spreads Trends
 U.S. Spreads By Rating Category

                                              AAA                       AA                      A                     BBB                       BB                      B                     CCC
            2,000
            1,800
            1,600
OAS (bps)

            1,400
            1,200
            1,000
             800
             600
             400
             200
               0

 Data as of Feb. 26, 2021. Note: Option-adjusted spreads (OAS) computed on a pool of over 20,000 U.S.-domiciled bonds with par values of over $100 million that are rated by S&P Global Ratings. Sources: S&P Global Ratings
 and Thomson Reuters.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                               4
Equity Pricing
S&P 500 And VIX Index Weekly Movement From The Start Of 2020 Through Feb. 28, 2021

                                                            VIXCLS (left)                   S&P500 (right)                    S&P Asia 50 (right)
      70                                                                                                                                                                                           9000

                                                                                                                                                                                                   8000
      60
                                                                                                                                                                                                   7000
      50
                                                                                                                                                                                                   6000
      40                                                                                                                                                                                           5000

      30                                                                                                                                                                                           4000

                                                                                                                                                                                                   3000
      20
                                                                                                                                                                                                   2000
      10
                                                                                                                                                                                                   1000

       0                                                                                                                                                                                           0

Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Weekly data as of Feb. 26, 2021. S&P Asia 50 index data is not available for May 1, 2020, Jan. 1, 2021 and Jan. 12, 2021. Sources: S&P Ratings Research, FRED, and S&P Dow Jones Indices.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      5
APAC Markets | Corporate Issuance
Asia-Pacific Cumulative Corporate (Financial And Nonfinancial) New Bond Issuance                                –   Strong out of the gate. 2021 started
                            2017              2018           2019              2020      2021 YTD                   out with a bang in terms of Asia
                                                                                                                    Pacific corporate bond issuance
              2,500
                                                                                                                    (including both financial and
 (Bil. US$)

              2,000          Through Feb 28, APAC
                                                                                                                    nonfinancial), even better than last
                             cumulative bond
              1,500          issuance totals $282                                                                   year’s very strong start. Two-thirds of
                             billion.
              1,000                                                                                                 that issuance volume happened in
                500                                                                                                 January, however, with activity easing
                                                                                                                    subsequently owing to investor
                  0
                                                                                                                    skittishness after a string of high-
                                                                                                                    profile defaults in China.
Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Sources: S&P Ratings Research and Thomson Reuters.                                    –   As with most years, much of the year’s
                                                                                                                    issuance volume also came from
Asia-Pacific Corporate (Financial And Nonfinancial) Bond Issuance                                                   China, particularly from financial
                                                                                                                    institutions and real estate
                              2017              2018          2019             2020     2021 YTD                    companies.
              300                                                                                               –   Chinese property issuance is
              200                                                                                                   frontloaded. Chinese real estate firms
(Bil. US$)

                                                                                                                    were particularly active in January,
              100                                                                                                   both onshore and offshore, as they
                                                                                                                    tried to front-run the policy-driven
                0                                                                                                   tightening of financial conditions
                      Jan   Feb      Mar       Apr     May      Jun   Jul        Aug   Sep   Oct    Nov   Dec       specifically for the sector. By February,
                                                                  Month                                             issuance was down to just a quarter of
Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Sources: S&P Global Ratings and Thomson Reuters.                                          the volume in January.

                                                                                                                                                                6
APAC Corporate Issuance | By Market

Asia-Pacific New Issuance By Market                                                                             –   Offshore issuance was mostly from financials.
                                                                                                                    Most domestic issuance was from China. For
                           2017            2018             2019             2020         2021 YTD                  offshore, financials from Greater China, Japan,
                                                                                                                    and Australia accounted for most of the volume,
             1,800                                                                                                  as well as Japanese non-financials, a quarter of
                                                1614                                                                which were from healthcare. Chinese real estate
             1,600                                                                                                  also contributed a large chunk in January.
             1,400                     1323                                                                     –   EM corporates found good windows. NFC
                                                                                                                    issuance has been largely at pace with--and even
(Bil. US$)

             1,200
                              978                                                                                   slightly ahead of--last year. Besides Japanese
             1,000   883                                                                                            firms and Chinese real estate, South and
                                                                                                                    Southeast Asia (especially India and Indonesia)
              800
                                                                                                                    have been more active than usual, particularly
              600                                                                                                   compared to 2020. This has held for both
                                                                             403    385     388      435            investment- and speculative-grade, and has so
              400                                                                                                   far persisted even as Chinese property issuance
                                                           184
              200                                                                                          98       eased.

                0                                                                                               –   Demand for EM bonds ebbs and flows. However,
                                                                                                                    we have seen some instances in the region of
                                    Domestic                                              Foreign
                                                                                                                    planned deals being postponed, especially from
                                                                 Market                                             emerging markets or high yield issuers,
                                                                                                                    highlighting the continued fragility of investor
Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Sources: S&P Global Ratings and Thomson Reuters.                                          confidence.

                                                                                                                                                                       7
Ratings Trends And Outlooks
Summary
APAC Upgrade And Downgrade Potential Compared With Historical
Averages | By Sector
– While compared with the sector historical averages, media and entertainment (including lodging companies) and automotive sectors show
  the most downside risks; upgrade potential is led by capital goods.

                            Top 7 Sectors By Current Downgrade Potential: Asia-Pacific                                                         Top 7 Sectors By Current Upgrade Potential: Asia-Pacific
                            100                                                                                                                25
                             90
                             80                                                                                                                20
Current negative bias (%)

                                                                                                                   Current positive bias (%)
                             70
                             60                    Media                                                                                       15
                             50                     Auto
                                          Retail
                             40                    ForestProd                                                                                  10                  CapGoods
                                              ConProd                                                                                                            ConProd
                             30         Infra      Trans
                                                                                                                                                                Ins
                             20                                                                                                                5        Home/RE Fin
                             10                                                                                                                              Util   Metals
                              0                                                                                                                0
                                  0      20            40          60            80               100                                               0           10              20          30            40        50
                                         Historical average negative bias (%)                                                                                        Historical average positive bias (%)
Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Based on Local Currency Ratings. Auto--Automotive. CapGoods--Capital Goods. ConProd--Consumer Products. Fin--Financial (ex. Insurance). ForestProd--Forest Products & Building Materials.
Home/RE--Homebuilders/Real Estate Co. Infra--Infrastructure. Ins--Insurance. Media--Media and Entertainment. Metals--Metals, Mining & Steel. Retail--Retail/Restaurants. Trans--Transportation. Util--Utility. Source:
S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         9
Downgrade Potential | Regional Negative Bias

APAC Downgrade Potential Differentiated Across Region
                                                                                                                                                    – Downgrade potential across
                             10-Year Average                5-Year Average                February 28, 2021                                           subregions remains elevated
                                                                                                                                                      due to the pandemic and
   30%                                                                                                                                                ongoing global economic
                                                                                                                                                      recession.
   25%                                24%                                                                           24%
                                                                                                                                                    – Regional negative bias remains
                                                                                                21%
                                                                                                          19%                                         high as of the end of February,
   20%           18%                                                         18%
                            16%                                                                                                                       above both historical averages,
                                                                                                                                                      especially for developed and
   15%
                                                        12%        11%                                                                                emerging APAC.
   10%

    5%

    0%
                    Developed APAC                         Tiger Economies                         Emerging APAC

Data as of Feb. 28, 2021 and excludes sovereign. Source: S&P Global Ratings. Tiger Economies includes Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Developed APAC includes Australia, New Zealand, and Japan.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  10
Regional Bias Outlooks| By Country (Or SAR)

Current Bias By Country: Asia-Pacific Negative Bias Driven By Malaysia While Positive Bias Led By Hong Kong

                                                           Neg/Negative                       Stable                    Pos/Positive

         Bias (%)        0%             10%             20%              30%              40%             50%              60%              70%             80%              90%             100%
  Australia (119)
      Japan (95)
New Zealand (24)

   Hong Kong (17)
       Korea (32)
   Singapore (22)
      Taiwan (35)

        China (117)
          India (25)
     Indonesia (13)
       Malaysia (8)
       Pakistan (1)
     Philippines (4)
       Thailand (9)
        Vietnam (3)

             All (524)

Source: S&P Global Ratings. Note: Total issuer count in parentheses. Downgrades tracked from Feb. 3, 2020 to Feb. 21, 2021. SAR--Special administrative region. Greater China includes mainland China, Taiwan, Macao, and
Hong Kong.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        11
APAC Ratings Distribution | By Sector

Asia-Pacific Corporates (Financial and Nonfinancial) Rating Distribution
Count of issuers                           0            50   100                   – Most rated issuers in APAC are investment-
                  Automotive                                                         grade.
               Capital Goods                                               AAA
                                                                                   – Transportation continues to have the highest
                       CP&ES                                                         share of speculative-grade, at six out of 10
                                                                           AA
         Consumer Products
                                                                                     rated companies, followed by metals and
                   Diversified                                             A
   Financials (ex. Insurance)                                                        mining (11 of 22), health care (two of four),
                        Forest                                                       and building materials (three of six).
                                                                           BBB
                 Health Care                                                       – Homebuilders and real estate sector has the
            High Technology                                                BB        highest count of speculative-grade issuers,
Homebuilders/Real Estate Co.
                    Insurance                                              B
                                                                                     at 19 out of 58 rated companies.
     Media & Entertainment
      Metals, Mining & Steel                                               CCC &
                     Oil & Gas                                             Below
         Retail/Restaurants
       Telecommunications
             Transportation
                      Utilities

Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                  12
APAC Ratings Distribution | Nonfinancial Ratings Distribution
–                Roughly 33% of the APAC nonfinancial corporate speculative-grade universe remains vulnerable to credit deterioration (i.e., on negative outlook/CreditWatch
                 negative). This ratio is down from 39% in October and 44% in June 2020.
–                Out of the 26 issuers in this category, only five are on CreditWatch negative, up from October’s three out of 32. The increase in issuers on CreditWatch negative
                 suggests more imminent risk of downgrades in the near term for some of the weakest credits, but the decrease in the overall number in this category continues
                 to point toward a gradual overall recovery in credit quality within the region.

Asia-Pacific Corporates Nonfinancial Ratings Distribution And Outlooks

                                                    Positive Outlook/CW Positive       Stable Outlook          Negative Outlook/CW Negative

                       50
                       45
                       40
                       35
    Count of issuers

                       30
                       25                                                                                                                                 Riskiest issuers
                       20
                       15
                       10
                        5
                        0
                            AAA    AA+       AA         AA-   A+       A        A-    BBB+      BBB     BBB-      BB+     BB       BB-      B+       B       B-     CCC+
                                                                                               Rating
    Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                     13
APAC Outlook Distribution | By Sector

Asia-Pacific Corporates--Ratings Outlooks Across Rating Category

  Count of Issuers                         0            20   40   60   80          100    – Within nonfinancial corporates, the majority
                                                                                            of those poised for deterioration are in
                 Automotive
              Capital Goods
                                                                                            utilities (14), homebuilders and real estate
                      CP&ES                                                                 companies (13), and autos (9). Most of these
         Consumer Products                                             CW Neg               are on negative outlook as opposed to
                  Diversified                                                               CreditWatch negative placements (72 of 80).
                      Forest                                           Negative Outlook   – Among the nine riskiest issuers ('B-' and
                Health Care                                                                 below on negative outlook or CreditWatch
            High Technology                                            Stable               negative), two issuers, one in the transport
Homebuilders/Real Estate Co.                                                                industry and another in utilities, are on
     Media & Entertainment                                             Postive Outlook      CreditWatch negative.
     Metals, Mining & Steel
                   Oil & Gas
         Retail/Restaurants
       Telecommunications
             Transportation
                     Utilities

Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                           14
APAC Potential Fallen Angels
–              There were 13 potential fallen angels (through Feb. 28) in the region. The number of potential fallen angels has barely changed since the pandemic spread,
               suggesting that the relatively weaker issuers in the 'BBB' space continue to face challenges despite the gradual overall recovery of the economy and credit.
–              Real estate leads potential fallen angels with three issuers, followed by autos with two.

    Potential Fallen Angels Approach “Taper Tantrum” Levels, Though
                                                                                                                                                                                                           Homebuilders And Real Estate Lead Potential Fallen Angels
    Slowing

                                            PFA Issuer                                              Debt (in Million $)                                                                                                             PFA Issuer                Debt (in Million $)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4                                                                    25000
                 30                                                                                                                                                             80,000

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Debt (Mil. US$)
                                                                                                                                                                                                           Issuer Count
                                                                                                                                                                                70,000                                    3                                                                    20000
                 25
                                                                                                                                                                                60,000                                                                                                         15000

                                                                                                                                                                                         Debt (Mil. US$)
                 20                                                                                                                                                                                                       2
Issuer Count

                                                                                                                                                                                50,000                                                                                                         10000
                 15                                                                                                                                                             40,000                                    1                                                                    5000
                 10                                                                                                                                                             30,000
                                                                                                                                                                                20,000                                    0                                                                    0
                  5                                                                                                                                                             10,000
                  0                                                                                                                                                             0
                      2/1/2008
                                 2/1/2009
                                            2/1/2010
                                                       2/1/2011
                                                                  2/1/2012
                                                                             2/1/2013
                                                                                        2/1/2014
                                                                                                   2/1/2015
                                                                                                              2/1/2016
                                                                                                                         2/1/2017
                                                                                                                                    2/1/2018
                                                                                                                                               2/1/2019
                                                                                                                                                          2/1/2020
                                                                                                                                                                     2/1/2021

                                                                                          Date
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Sector
Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Source: S&P Global Ratings.                                                                                                                                                      Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. CP&ES – Chemicals packaging and environmental services.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 15
APAC Fallen Angels | Investment-Grade Asia-Pacific Issuers Hold
 Strong
Global Fallen Angels In 2020 & 2021YTD
                                   Global ex. APAC (left axis)          APAC (left-axis)           APAC FA debt amount (right -axis)
                                                                                                                                                                                – There were two fallen angels from Asia-
                  12                                                                                                                        1.2
                                                                                                                                                                                  Pacific in 2020 and none in 2021 so far.

                                                                                                                                                  Outstanding Debt (Bil. US$)
                                                             US$1.1Bn
                                                                                                                                                                                – The two fallen angels (2020) were a bank
                  10                                                                                                                        1
                                                                                                                                                                                  from India and a mining company from
Count Of Fallen Angels

                                                                                 Zijin Mining Group Company Ltd.                                                                  China.
                                                                                       Metals, Mining & Steel
                         8                                                                                                                  0.8
                                                                                               China                                                                            – Asia-Pacific fallen angels only account for a
                                                      Axis Bank Ltd.
                                                           Bank
                                                                                                                                                                                  fraction of the global fallen angels pool.
                         6                                 India                                                                            0.6

                                                                                 US$0.4Bn
                         4                                                                                                                  0.4

                         2                                                                                                                  0.2

                         0                                                                                                                  0
                             Jan       Feb     Mar     Apr       May    Jun    Jul      Aug      Sep      Oct      Dec   Jan          Feb
                                                                        2020                                                   2021

   Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Source: S&P Global Ratings Research.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  16
Ratings Actions And Defaults
Summary
Global Rating Actions | By Region
–                  With a lower ratings profile at the start of the current crisis, in 2020 downgrade tallies rapidly approached levels seen during the global financial crisis. Despite
                   relatively fewer ratings actions compared with the rest of the world, the downgrades in APAC almost doubled in 2020 relative to 2019 levels, however the pace
                   has slowed down at the start of 2021.
–                  Downgrades account for the majority of rating actions across geographies in 2020, with downgrade ratios exceeding other periods of stress.

Downgrade Tallies By Region                                                                             Global Downgrade Ratio
                                 North America            Latin America                                                          Asia/Pacific                         EMEA
                                 EMEA                     Asia/Pacific                                                           Latin America                        North America

                   1600
                                                                                                                                                      33%
                   1400                                                                                        2010                                                          63%
                                                                                                                                                     32%
                   1200                                                                                                                                         44%
                                                           969
Count of issuers

                   1000

                                                                                                        Year
                                                                                                                                                                                               91%
                    800                                                                                        2020                                                                           90%
                                                                                                                                                                                                93%
                    600                                                                                                                                                                     85%
                                                           112
                    400                                                                                                                               33%
                                   255                     379                                                                                                            58%
                    200             16                                                                   2021 YTD                                                               67%
                                   143                      94                     48                                                                               48%
                       0            21                                             4
                                                                                   14
                                                                                   3
                                   2010                    2020                 2021 YTD
                                                                                                                      0%              20%               40%            60%            80%      100%
                                                           Year
                                                                                                                                                                %
Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Source: S&P Global Ratings.                                                   Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                      18
APAC | Rating Actions
Rating Actions By Month

                              Upgrade              Positive Outlook/CreditWatch Revisions                       Downgrade               Negative Outlook/CreditWatch Revisions
    40

    20

     0

  -20

  -40

  -60

  -80

 -100

 -120
            Feb-20         Mar-20         Apr-20        May-20         Jun-20         Jul-20        Aug-20         Sep-20        Oct-20         Nov-20        Dec-20        Jan-21   Feb-21   Mar-21

Note: Data includes Sovereign. Data from Feb. 3, 2020 to March 11, 2021. Greater China includes mainland China, Taiwan, Macao, and Hong Kong. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                       19
APAC | Rating Actions
Rating Actions By Sector

                              Upgrade              Positive Outlook/CreditWatch Revisions                       Downgrade               Negative Outlook/CreditWatch Revisions

  20
  10
    0
 -10
 -20
 -30
 -40
 -50
 -60

Note: Data includes Sovereign. Data from Feb. 3, 2020 to March 11, 2021. Greater China includes mainland China, Taiwan, Macao, and Hong Kong. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                 20
APAC | COVID-19/Oil-Related Rating Actions
Virus- And Oil-Related Rating Actions By Country--First Half Of 2020

                                                                                              CreditWatch Negative                                                                               OL Change                                                   Downgrade + CW Change                                                                                          Downgrade
                   20
Count of issuers

                   16

                   12

                   8

                   4

                   0
                                                                                              Japan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Japan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Japan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Japan
                                                                                                                                       Singapore

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Singapore

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Singapore
                                        South Korea

                                                                                                                                                   South Korea

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    South Korea

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thailand
                                                                                                      Marshall Islands

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Marshall Islands

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Papua New Guinea

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Marshall Islands
                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Malaysia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Malaysia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Malaysia
                                                                                                                                                                                             India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         India
                                                                                                                         New Zealand

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       New Zealand

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            New Zealand

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fiji

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   New Zealand
                        Greater China

                                                                  Greater China
                                                      Australia

                                                                                                                                                                 Australia

                                                                                                                                                                             Greater China

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Greater China
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Australia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Australia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Greater China
                                                                                  Indonesia

                                                                                                                                                                                                     Indonesia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Indonesia
                              Feb.                                                             March                                                                                                                         April                                                                                                                          May                                                                                  June
                              2020

Note: Data includes Sovereign. Data from Feb. 3, 2020 to June 30, 2020. OL--Outlook. Greater China includes mainland China, Taiwan, Macao, and Hong Kong. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 21
APAC | COVID-19/Oil-Related Rating Actions
Virus- And Oil-Related Rating Actions By Country--Second Half Of 2020 And Start Of 2021

                                                                          CreditWatch Negative                                                                   OL Change                                         Downgrade + CW Change                                                                                     Downgrade
                   6

                   4
Count of issuers

                   2

                   0

                                                                                                                                                                 Japan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Japan
                                                                       Japan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Japan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Japan
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Cook Islands
                                                                                                                Singapore

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Philippines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Singapore
                                                                                                                                                                         Thailand

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         South Korea

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              South Korea

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Thailand
                                                                               Marshall Islands

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Marshall Islands
                                                                                                                                            India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       India
                                                   India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              India
                                                                                                  New Zealand

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Sri Lanka
                                   Greater China

                                                                                                                            Greater China

                                                                                                                                                                                    Australia

                                                                                                                                                                                                 Greater China

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       Greater China

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Greater China

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Greater China

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Greater China
                       Australia

                                                                                                                                                     Indonesia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 Indonesia
                                                           Indonesia

                                                                 July                                                                               August                                      September                                                      October                                                               November                                       December JanuaryFeb. 2021

Note: Data includes Sovereign. Data from July 1, 2020 to Feb. 22, 2021. OL--Outlook. Greater China includes mainland China, Taiwan, Macao, and Hong Kong. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       22
APAC | COVID-19/Oil-Related Rating Actions
Sector Breakdown Of Corporate And Sovereign Debt Amount Affected By COVID-19 And Oil Prices

                        Banks (44)                                                                                                                                 630.6                          Downgrade +
                      Sovereign (9)                                                 217.2                                                                                                         CreditWatch
                   Automotive (21)                                    144.9
                        Energy (14)              39.3
             Building materials (2)              38.5
               Transportation (17)             28.6                                                                                                                                               Downgrade
                     Chemicals (9)             27.4
                   Real estate (24)           21.9
                Capital goods (13)            21.2
                    Insurance (17)            17.9                                                                                                                                                CreditWatch Negative
                    Health care (2)          13.9
                       Utilities (10)        12.6
      Media and entertainment (4)           11.2
                          NBFI (13)         9.4
           Transportation infra (8)         8.5                                                                                                                                                   OL Change
             Hotels and gaming (6)          7.4
                       Telecom (1)         4.4
Business and consumer services (3)         3.4
             Metals and mining (6)         3.2
                       Retailing (7)       1.5
                    Technology (7)         1.3
            Consumer products (3)          0.2
                                        0.0              100.0              200.0              300.0              400.0              500.0              600.0               700.0

Downgrades tracked from Feb. 3, 2020 to Feb. 22, 2021. NBFI--Non-bank financial institutions. OL--Outlook. Greater China includes mainland China, Taiwan, Macao, and Hong Kong. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    23
APAC Ratings Summary | Sovereign In February
        Country                  Rating       Outlook          5 Year CDS Spread                       Median Rating Financials                                   Median Rating Nonfinancials
        Australia                 AAA         Negative                 15                                        A-                                                          BBB
      Bangladesh                  BB-          Stable                 N.M.                                                                                                    B+
          China                   A+           Stable                  33                                               A                                                    BBB
     Cook Islands                 B+           Stable                 N.M.
            Fiji                  BB-         Negative                N.M.
      Hong Kong                   AA+          Stable                  30                                               A                                                          A
          India                  BBB-          Stable                  71                                                                                                         BB+
       Indonesia                  BBB         Negative                 80                                                                                                          B+
         Japan                    A+           Stable                  15                                              A+                                                          A-
         Korea                     AA          Stable                  25                                               A                                                          A-
        Malaysia                   A-         Negative                 43                                                                                                         BBB+
        Mongolia                   B           Stable                  247
     New Zealand                  AA+          Stable                  15                                              A+                                                          BBB
        Pakistan                   B-          Stable                  374                                                                                                          B-
   Papua New Guinea                B-          Stable                 N.M.
      Philippines                BBB+          Stable                  43                                                                                                          BBB
       Singapore                  AAA          Stable                  21                                               A                                                          BBB
        Sri Lanka                CCC+          Stable                 1576
         Taiwan                   AA-          Stable                 N.M.                                             A-                                                         BBB+
        Thailand                 BBB+          Stable                  39                                              A-                                                         BBB+
        Vietnam                    BB          Stable                  100                                                                                                         BB-

Note: Foreign currency ratings. N.M. indicates not meaningful. Red means speculative-grade rating and blue means investment-grade rating. Data as of Feb. 28, 2021, CDS Spread is as of Feb. 28, 2021. Sources: S&P Global
Ratings and S&P Capital IQ.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             24
Ratings Action | Weakest Links And Default Rates
APAC’s Weakest Links Reached Record Highs In 2020, Indicating Higher Likely Default Rates For The Region
                                       Weakest Links Count (left scale)        Weakest Link Share of Speculative-Grade Population (%) (right scale)
                         15                                                                                                                                                                     15%
     Number of issuers

                         10                                                                                                                                                                     10%
                         5                                                                                                                                                                      5%
                         0                                                                                                                                                                      0%
                              Feb-18              Aug-18                  Feb-19                 Aug-19                       Feb-20                      Aug-20                       Feb-21

Data as of Feb. 28, 2021. Source: S&P Global Ratings Research.

Default Rate Continues To Rise For APAC, Among The Highest Monthly Default Rate Seen Since 2017
                                        APAC                Developed APAC                Tiger Economies                      Emerging APAC
  Default rate (%)

                         10

                          5

                          0

Default rates as of Jan. 31, 2021. Tiger Economies includes Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Developed APAC
                                                                                                                        ludes
                                                                                                                          inc Australia, New Zealand, and Japan. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                      25
APAC Corporate | Defaults
APAC Corporate Defaults In 2020
Date               Parent Company                                                        Country                Sub sector                     To From Reason
14-Jan             Qinghai Provincial Investment Group Co. Ltd.                          China                  Metals, mining, and steel      D CCC- Missed interest payments
21-Jan             Panda Green Energy Group Ltd.                                         Bermuda                Utilities                      SD CC Distressed exchange
                                                                                                                                                       Missed principal and interest
21-Feb             Tunghsu Group Co. Ltd.,                                               China          High technology                        SD CCC- payments
12-Mar             Confidential                                                          Confidential   Metals, mining, and steel              SD CCC- Confidential
19-Mar             Geo Energy Resources Ltd.                                             Singapore      Metals, mining, and steel              SD B-   Distressed exchange
27-Mar             Yida China Holdings Ltd.                                              Cayman Islands Homebuilders/Real Estate Co.           SD CC Distressed exchange
                   FE Investments Ltd. (FE Investments Group
6-Apr              Limited)                                                              New Zealand            Finance companies              D CCC Missed interest payments
                                                                                                                                                       Missed principal and interest
7-Apr              Speedcast International Ltd.                                          Australia              Telecommunications             D CCC payments
30-Apr             Virgin Australia Holdings Ltd.                                        Australia              Transportation                 D CC Chapter 15
11-May             Yihua Enterprise (Group) Co. Ltd.                                     China                  Consumer products              SD CCC Missed interest payments
23-Jun             Boart Longyear Limited                                                Australia              Metals, Mining & Steel         SD CC Missed interest payments
7-Jul              Confidential                                                          Confidential           Homebuilders/Real Estate Co.   D CC Confidential
8-Jul              PT Modernland Realty Tbk.                                             Indonesia              Homebuilders/Real Estate Co.   SD CCC- Missed principal payments
                                                                                                                Homebuilders/real estate
28-Oct             PT Alam Sutera Realty Tbk.                                            Indonesia              companies                      D CC     Distressed exchange
Please note: this default list is based on where the business is operated.

Data as of Dec. 31, 2020. Count of defaults as of Dec. 31, 2020. SD--Selective default. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                       26
APAC Corporate | Defaults
APAC Corporate Defaults So Far In 2021 ( YTD Two Defaulters)

Date               Parent Company                                                      Country               Sub sector                                       To From Reason
3-Feb              Confidential                                                        Confidential          Health care                                      SD CCC- Confidential
2-Mar              Sunshine 100 China Holdings Ltd.*                                   Cayman Islands Homebuilders/Real Estate Co.                            SD CCC- Distressed exchange

Please note: this default list is based on where the business is operated.

Count of defaults as of March 3, 2021. SD--Selective default. *Sunshine 100 China Holdings Ltd. is incorporated in the Cayman Islands but invests, develops, and manages real estate properties in the People’s Republic of
China. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              27
Issuance
Additional Details
APAC Issuance | Sovereign Debt
                                                                                                                                                                               Bil. US$
                                                                          2018        2019        2020        2021 YTD
                                                                                                                                                                               140

           18                                                                                                                                                                  120
           16
                                                                                                                                                                               100
           14
           12                                                                                                                                                                   80
Bil. US$

           10
                                                                                                                                                                                60
           8
           6                                                                                                                                                                    40
           4
                                                                                                                                                                                20
           2
           0                                                                                                                                                                     0

                                                                                       Country Or SAR

YTD data as of Feb. 28 for 2021, includes local/foreign currencies. Included where Fungible is ‘N’ or Blank. SAR--Special administrative region. Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                          29
APAC Issuance | Sovereign Top 20 Deals In 2020 By Debt Amount
                                                                                                                           S&P
                                                                                                     S&P Issue-            Sovereign                                                            Issuance (Mil.
Issue Date          Issuer                                       Country        Market Place                                             Security Description                      Currency
                                                                                                     Rating                Rating (as of                                                        US$)
                                                                                                                           Feb. 28, 2021)

                                                                                                                                               2.430% Senior Bonds due
13-Jan-21           Peoples Republic of China                    China          China Public         NR                    A+                  '22                     CNY                       $         9,122
                                                                                                                                               1.850% Global Notes due
5-Jan-21            Indonesia Republic                           Indonesia U.S. Public               BBB                   BBB                 '31                     USD                       $         4,977
                                                                                                                                               3.050% Global Notes due
5-Jan-21            Indonesia Republic                           Indonesia U.S. Public               BBB                   BBB                 '51                     USD                       $         4,951
                                                                                                                                               1.100% Global Notes due
5-Jan-21            Indonesia Republic                           Indonesia U.S. Public               BBB                   BBB                 '33                     EUR                       $         4,876
                    Chongqing Municipal                                                                                                        3.230% Senior Bonds due
25-Jan-21           Government                                   China          China Public         NR                    A+                  '26                     CNY                       $         4,260
                                                                                                                                               0.625% Medium-Term Nts
26-Jan-21           Hong Kong SAR Government                     Hong Kong U.S. Private              AA+                   AA+                 due '26                 USD                       $         2,999
                                                                                                                                               1.375% Medium-Term Nts
26-Jan-21           Hong Kong SAR Government                     Hong Kong U.S. Private              AA+                   AA+                 due '31                 USD                       $         2,989
                                                                                                                                               3.450% Senior Bonds due
2-Feb-21            Xinjiang Prodn & Constr Corps                China          China Public         NR                    A+                  '31                     CNY                       $         2,974
                                                                 New            New Zealand                                                    0.500% Fxd/Straight Bd
4-Feb-21            New Zealand                                  Zealand        Priva                AA+                   AA+                 due '26                 NZD                       $         2,472
                                                                                                                                               3.450% Senior Bonds due
2-Feb-21            Xinjiang Prodn & Constr Corps                China          China Public         NR                    A+                  '31                     CNY                       $         2,417
YTD data as of Feb. 28, 2021, includes local / foreign currencies. Red means speculative-grade rating, blue means investment-grade rating, and grey means NR (not rated). Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                   30
APAC Issuance | Sovereign Top 20 Deals In 2020 By Debt Amount
(Contd.)
                                                                                                                             S&P
                                                                                                                             Sovereign
                                                                                                       S&P Issue-                                                                                  Issuance (Mil.
Issue Date          Issuer                                       Country         Market Place                                Rating (as of Security Description                      Currency
                                                                                                       Rating                                                                                      US$)
                                                                                                                             Feb. 28,
                                                                                                                             2021)
                                                                                                                                           3.350% Global Notes due
5-Jan-21            Indonesia Republic                           Indonesia U.S. Public                 BBB                   BBB           '71                                       USD           $          1,976
                                                                                                                                           3.490% Fxd/Straight Bd
6-Jan-21            Peoples Govt Of Inner Mongolia               China           China Public          NR                    A+            due '31                                   CNY           $          1,610
                                                                                                                                           2.375% Medium-Term Nts
26-Jan-21           Hong Kong SAR Government                     Hong Kong U.S. Private                AA+                   AA+           due '51                                   USD           $          1,482
                                                                                                                                           3.490% Fxd/Straight Bd
6-Jan-21            Peoples Govt Of Inner Mongolia               China           China Public          NR                    A+            due '31                                   CNY           $          1,300
                                                                                                                                           3.400% Senior Bonds due
18-Jan-21           Ningbo Municipal People's Gove China                         China Public          NR                    A+            '28                                       CNY           $            955
                                                                                                                                           3.390% Senior Bonds due
8-Jan-21            Gov of Xingjiang Uygur                       China           China Public          NR                    A+            '31                                       CNY           $            819
                                                                                                                                           3.400% Senior Bonds due
18-Jan-21           Ningbo Municipal People's Gove China                         China Public          NR                    A+            '28                                       CNY           $            770
                                                                                                                                           3.390% Senior Bonds due
8-Jan-21            Gov of Xingjiang Uygur                       China           China Public          NR                    A+            '31                                       CNY           $            649
                                                                                                                                           3.390% Senior Bonds due
13-Jan-21           People's Government of Jilin P               China           China Public          NR                    A+            '28                                       CNY           $            588
                                                                                                                                           3.390% Senior Bonds due
13-Jan-21           People's Government of Jilin P               China           China Public          NR                    A+            '28                                       CNY           $            464
YTD data as of Feb. 28, 2021, includes local / foreign currencies. Red means speculative-grade rating, blue means investment-grade rating, and grey means NR (not rated). Source: S&P Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      31
APAC Issuance | Financial and Nonfinancial Top 20 Deals
Issue            Maturity                                                                                Market          S&P Issue -
Date              Date                       Issuer                 Country           Sector             Place             Rating               Security Description  Currency Issuance (Mil. US$)
                                                                                     Finance                                                  1.162% Gtd Sr Unsec Nts
24-Feb-21 3-Apr-26                   NTT Finance Corp                 Japan          Company          U.S. Private              A                     due '26            US     $               3,000
                                                                                                                                              0.500% Global Notes due
20-Jan-21 27-Jan-26                            AIIB                   China            Banks           U.S. Public             NR                        '26             US     $               2,987
13-Jan-21 21-Jan-51 Nippon Life Insurance Co                          Japan       Insurance U.S. Private                        A-               Sub Notes due '51                     US        $                     1,600
                                                                                   Finance                                                    0.373% Gtd Sr Unsec Nts
24-Feb-21 3-Mar-23                   NTT Finance Corp                 Japan        Company      U.S. Private                    A                     due '23                          US        $                     1,500
                                                                                   Finance                                                    1.591% Gtd Sr Unsec Nts
24-Feb-21 3-Apr-28                   NTT Finance Corp                 Japan        Company      U.S. Private                    A                     due '28                          US        $                     1,500
                                                                                Retail/Restaura                                               3.150% Global Notes due
4-Feb-21        9-Feb-51 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd                    China           nts       U.S. Public                    A+                       '51                            US        $                     1,500
                                                                                Retail/Restaura                                               2.125% Global Notes due
4-Feb-21   9-Feb-31 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd China                                   nts       U.S. Public                    A+                       '31                            US        $                     1,498
                         Japan Bk for Intl                                                                                                   1.250% Gtd Global Nts due
13-Jan-21 21-Jan-31        Cooperation        Japan                                    Banks           U.S. Public             A+                       '31                            US        $                     1,485
                     Mizuho Financial Group                                                                                                   1.234% Global Notes due
16-Feb-21 22-May-27            Inc            Japan                                    Banks           U.S. Public              A-                      '27                            US        $                     1,400
                     National Australia Bank
5-Jan-21 14-Jan-41             Ltd           Australia                                 Banks          U.S. Private           BBB+            2.648% Sub Notes due '41                  US        $                     1,250

YTD data as of Feb. 28, 2021, excludes Sovereign. Red means speculative-grade rating , blue means investment-grade rating, and grey means NR (not rated). Table is for foreign currency only without perpetuals. Source: S&P
Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                           32
APAC Issuance | Financial and Nonfinancial Top 20 Deals (Contd.)
                                                                                            Market                S&P Issue -
Issue Date Maturity Date                       Issuer               Country       Sector     Place                  Rating     Security Description Currency Issuance (Mil. US$)
                                                                                              U.S.                            Medium-Term Nts due
5-Jan-21          12-Jan-27          Macquarie Group Ltd            Australia     Broker     Private                BBB+                '27            US     $               1,250
                                                                                              Euro                               Zero Cpn Zero Cvt
25-Feb-21         12-Mar-26             Afterpay Ltd                Australia     Banks      Public                  NR            Notes due '26       AU     $               1,181
                                     Sumitomo Mitsui Finl                                     U.S.                             0.948% Global Notes
4-Jan-21          12-Jan-26                Grp Inc                   Japan        Banks      Public                   A-              due '26          US     $               1,000
                                                                                 Finance      U.S.                             2.065% Gtd Sr Unsec
24-Feb-21          3-Apr-31            NTT Finance Corp              Japan       Company     Private                   A            Nts due '31        US     $               1,000
                                        PT Pertamina                          Integrated Oil U.S.                             1.400% Medium-Term
3-Feb-21           9-Feb-26                (Persero)               Indonesia      & Gas      Private                 NR             Nts due '26        US     $               1,000
                                                                                              U.S.                            3.052% Sub Notes due
23-Feb-21          3-Mar-36          Macquarie Bank Ltd             Australia     Broker     Private                 BBB                '36            US     $               1,000
                                                                                 Finance      U.S.                             0.583% Gtd Sr Unsec
24-Feb-21          1-Mar-24            NTT Finance Corp              Japan       Company     Private                   A            Nts due '24        US     $               1,000
                                    Alibaba Group Holding                      Retail/Resta   U.S.                             3.250% Global Notes
4-Feb-21           9-Feb-61                   Ltd                    China        urants     Public                   A+              due '61         US      $               1,000
                                                                     South         High       U.S.                             1.500% Sr Unsecurd
13-Jan-21         19-Jan-26              SK Hynix Inc                Korea      Technology Private                  BBB-            Nts due '26        US     $                 999
                                    Alibaba Group Holding                      Retail/Resta   U.S.                             2.700% Global Notes
4-Feb-21           9-Feb-41                  Ltd                     China        urants     Public                   A+              due '41         US      $                 993

YTD data as of Feb. 28, 2021, excludes Sovereign. Red means speculative-grade rating , blue means investment-grade rating, and grey means NR (not rated). Table is for foreign currency only without perpetuals. Source: S&P
Global Ratings.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                           33
Related Research

– European Defaults Reach Nearly One-Third Of This Year's Global Tally, March 25, 2021
– Risky Credits: Net Upgrades And Higher Oil Prices Offer Some Relief To The Weakest-Rated Companies In The U.S. And
  Canada, March 17, 2021
– No Tantrum Yet As Global Growth Gains Momentum, March 11, 2021
– The U.S. Distress Ratio Is Down Nearly 90% Since March, March 10, 2021
– Revenue Pressures Continue To Weigh On Consumer-Related Weakest Links, Feb. 22, 2021
– Global Financing Conditions: Bond Issuance Could Decline 3% To $8 Trillion In 2021, Jan. 28, 2021
– Credit Conditions Asia-Pacific: The Rebound Has Begun, Dec. 3, 2021
– Global Corporate Debt Market: State Of Play In 2020, June 25, 2020

                                                                                                                       34
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