COTTON Yearbook 2019 - IDH The Sustainable Trade Initiative
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Cotton Yearbook 2019 1
COTTON
Yearbook
2019
Cotton Yearbook 2019 2
Contents
INTRODUCTION 3
BETTER COTTON GROWTH AND INNOVATION FUND 5
• Better Cotton GIF: Introduction 5
• 2019-20 Season 6
• Driving Innovations 12
Skill Development for Field Facilitators in India 12
Scale Partners Management Systems Review 13
Better Cotton Innovation Challenge 14
• Key meetings 2019 15
MOZAMBIQUE CLIMATE RESILIENCE PROJECT 16
• Introduction 17
• Program activities 18
MAHARASHTRA PROGRAM 22
• Introduction 23
• Converting Insights to Action 25
• From The Field: Securing Smallholder Livelihoods in Rainfed
Maharashtra – Jalna, Maharashtra 27
GENDER INTERVENTION 32
Cotton Yearbook 2019 3
Introduction
Cotton is one of the most significant crops in programs, and leveraging public and private
the global textile industry. From cultivation to financing – all of which will help meet the
processing, 250 million smallholder farmers Sustainable Development Goals for 2030.
are dependent on the crop for their livelihood
IDH continues to invest in key partnerships,
and income. Due to the scale, global reach
working closely with the Better Cotton
and resilience of the crop, it is one of the
Initiative (BCI) on the Better Cotton Growth
world’s most important fibers and cash
and Innovation Fund (“Better Cotton GIF”
crops. However, the environmental impact
or “the Fund”) as a partner, funder and fund
of the crop can be extensive in the face of
manager, and investing in farmer capacity-
stark agronomic and social challenges. The
building programs and innovations, with the
crop can be incredibly water-intensive and
aim of training five million farmers on more
is often synonymous with poor pesticide
sustainable practices and having Better
management.
Cotton account for 30% of global cotton
Cotton programs by IDH – The Sustainable production by 2020.
Trade Initiative (IDH) aim to target key
This year, IDH, in collaboration with BCI and
sustainability issues in cotton production.
supported by the Better Cotton GIF launched
They focus on water efficiency, pesticide
a global innovation platform, The Better
management, gender inclusion and
Cotton Innovation Challenge, to identify
biodiversity management with the aim of
solutions that can transform the way cotton
improving the livelihoods of smallholder
is produced today.
farmers. IDH pilots initiatives in key cotton
regions and explores opportunities to scale Maintaining project work in key cotton-
and achieve impact through innovative producing regions enables IDH to incubate
capacity-building models, climate resilience new cotton approaches and foster key
Cotton Yearbook 2019 4
relationships in the regions. Our continued, against volatile weather conditions and Trade Center, female cotton cultivators
focused work in Maharashtra has led to poverty by employing a coordinated and account for 70% of the labor in sowing and
notable outputs – the piloting of approaches multi-pillar approach that leverages access 90% of the labor in cotton picking .
including Lint-based Cotton Marketing to water and training on good agricultural
Our gender intervention program works to
system and integration of female co-farmers practices. This is intended to increase farmer
educate and break down perceptions of
in BCI projects. IDH has also successfully productivity, provide access to alternative
gender that can be damaging, especially
implemented a climate resilience program livelihood activities, diversify income, and
those that directly affect women in the field.
reaching out to 6,300 cotton farmers. improve food intake.
In this yearbook, we share stories from the
Mozambique is a strategic region for IDH Gender discrimination remains a prevalent field, resulting from the gender sensitization
investment. We are excited to look ahead problem throughout the cotton sector even training that we rolled out to Implementing
into the final year of our pilot program, though women play a critical role in cotton Partners in 2018.
which focuses on increasing farmer resilience cultivation. According to the International
Cotton Yearbook 2019 5
Better Cotton
Growth and
Innovation Fund
The Better Cotton Growth and Innovation The Fund provides a mechanism for BCI
Fund (“Better Cotton GIF” or “the Fund”) is Retailer and Brand Members to make
a global program designed to support the investments that can lead to tangible
Better Cotton Initiative (BCI) in its goal of impact at the field level that cannot be
reaching five million farmers in key cotton- achieved alone. It works with Implementing
producing countries and having Better Partners (IPs) for farmer capacity-building
Cotton account for 30% of global cotton in six countries – India, Pakistan, China,
production by 2020. Mozambique, Mali and Turkey.
IDH is a strategic partner to the Fund and
Growth &
plays multiple roles as strategic partner N Innovation
FUNDS
PLE ISHES
Fund
ent
RE
Pub
and fund manager, funder, and partner for
tm
lic
es
Pr nv
&
iva I
te Sector
delivering innovations for farmer capacity-
building on more sustainable production mi
ng
global cotton p
ro
du
or
sf ct
practices.
an
io
Tr
n
The Fund identifies, supports, and invests in
Better Better Better for
field-level programs and innovations, while for the
farmers
for the
environment
the sector’s
future
Market Far
mer
supporting the adoption of the Better Cotton
Standard System by governments, trade
associations and other entities. It is governed
by the BCI Council in partnership with PR
SU S
P P LIE S O D U CE
BCI Retailer and Brand Members, BCI Civil
Society Members, and donors. et
ter Cotto
n
B
Cotton Yearbook 2019 6
2019-20 Season
In the 2019-20 cotton season, the Fund worked with
1.8 million* cotton farmers in India, Pakistan, China,
Mozambique, Mali and Turkey. The farmers received
training and support from the Fund through regional
IPs. The Better Cotton GIF directly invested €11 million*
from BCI Retailer and Brand Members, public donors
(DFAT), and IDH, and mobilized an additional €4.3
million* in co-funding from IPs and supply chain
partners (social enterprises, ginners, spinning mills, and
garment manufacturers), creating a total portfolio value
of €15.3 million.
India Pakistan China
The Fund worked with 17 IPs on 26 projects The Fund worked with eight IPs on 17 The Fund worked with five IPs on five
in 2019-20. projects in 2019-20. projects in 2019-20.
Estimated Program Results 2019-20* Estimated Program Results 2019-20* Estimated Program Results 2019-20*
• Fund Investment: €6,197,164 • Fund Investment: €3,998,366 • Fund Investment: €538,486
• Participating Farmers: 1,019,252 • Participating Farmers: 495,558 • Participating Farmers: 116,224
• Area Covered: 1,596,166 ha • Area Covered: 1,400,292 ha • Area Covered: 173,968 ha
• Better Cotton Production: 1,194,210 MT • Better Cotton Production: 1,202,318 MT • Better Cotton Production: 311,350 MT
Implementing Partners Implementing Partners Implementing Partners
Ambuja Cement Foundation | AFPRO |
AKRSPI | Arvind Ltd. | Basil Commodities | Agriculture Extension Department Punjab| CottonConnect | Huangmei Cooperative |
CottonConnect | Deshpande Foundation | DSC CABI | CottonConnect | Lok Sanjh | REEDS | Nongxi Cooperative | Songzi Agricultural
| KK Fibers | Lupin Foundation | MYKAPS | Smart Agriculture | SWRDO | WWF Pakistan Extension Center | Zhong Wang Cooperative
PRDIS | Puneet Enterprises | Spectrum | STAC |
Udyansh | WWF India
*The figures presented within the report are 2019-20 season estimates. BCI will publish final season figures once the 2019-20 cotton season is complete.
Cotton Yearbook 2019 7
Mozambique Mali Turkey
The Fund worked with two IPs on two The Fund worked with one IP on one project The Fund worked with two IPs on two
projects in 2019-20. in 2019-20. projects in 2019-20.
Estimated Program Results 2019-20* Estimated Program Results 2019-20* Estimated Program Results 2019-20*
• Fund Investment: €53,040 • Fund Investment: €99,137 • Fund Investment: €230,338
• Participating Farmers: 85,000 • Participating Farmers: 87,287 • Participating Farmers: 3,600
• Area Covered: 66,250 ha • Area Covered: 297,000 ha • Area Covered: 27,807 ha
• Better Cotton Production: 26,398 MT • Better Cotton Production: 320,760 MT • Better Cotton Production: 61,476 MT
In the Southern Hemisphere, the cotton season
runs from October to September. The 2019-20
season thus reports against 2018-19 contracted
figures in the case of Mozambique.
Implementing Partners Implementing Partners Implementing Partners
Sanam | SAN-JFS CMDT CANBEL | WWF Turkey
*The figures presented within the report are 2019-20 season estimates. BCI will publish final season figures once the 2019-20 cotton season is complete.
Cotton Yearbook 2019 8
Pakistan
Farmer Story
NARRATIVES
Implementing Partner: Lok Sanjh
Lok Sanjh has been a BCI Implementing Partner (IP) Manzooran Bibi lives in Basti Mumtazabad of Bahawalnagar district of Punjab.
since 2012. Lok Sanjh has gone from working with 10,000 A mother of four, she is the primary breadwinner for the family. She grows
smallholder farmers in its first year, to 138,782 farmers in cotton on about two acres (0.81 ha) of land to earn a livelihood for her family. To
2019-20, working in 1,378 villages across Toba Tek Singh, improve her income, Manzooran Bibi wanted to boost the productivity and the
Jhang, Layyah, Bhakar and Bahawalnagar districts in quality of her cotton. She joined the BCI program through Lok Sanjh Foundation
Pakistan. and became a licensed BCI Farmer in 2019.
These districts deal with several challenges in cotton In the local rural community, female participation in this kind of learning project is
production including soil deterioration, overuse of limited, but she joined the BCI program against all odds. She is now a trained BCI
pesticides, declining supply and quality of water and Farmer and is managing all field operations herself.
loss of biodiversity. Through the BCI program, Lok Sanjh
“I was an ordinary cotton farmer. I was using traditional methods to grow my
helped farmers in the region to reduce their pesticide use,
crop. Since joining BCI, I have received trainings
and improve soil health through better soil management
for better cotton farming.”
and efficient use of fertilizer. The farmers in the project
area are increasingly adopting soil analysis techniques to With BCI, Manzooran Bibi has adopted
assess fertilizers requirements for their cotton crop. In the management practices to maximize fiber quality.
2019-2020 crop season, more than 35% farmers got soils She is adept at picking cotton in a way which
analyzed. maintains the fibre quality and is well aware of the
importance of clean cotton in terms of improved
Lok Sanjh is also encouraging gender balance in its staff
fiber quality.
and field programs. In the first year, the IP had less than 5
percent female staff in the BCI program as social challenges She also advises female farmers and cotton pickers
made it harder for females to work in rural areas. Through in her neighborhood to enhance cotton production
various interventions, Lok Sanjh has been able to engage and maintain fiber quality. Manzooran Bibi has been
more than 12 percent female staff in the BCI projects this an iconic female BCI Farmer among her farming
year. community, inspiring others by her courage and
hard work. She aspires to be the lead farmer of her
The IP continues to work towards bringing efficiency and
learning group.
scale in making sustainable agriculture mainstream. A
female farmer under the Lok Sanjh project shares her story Manzooran Bibi
on improving cotton quality to improve her income. Basti Mumtazabad, Bahawalnagar District,
Punjab – Pakistan
Cotton Yearbook 2019 9
China
Farmer Story
Implementing Partner: Huangmei Huinong Technology
Cooperative
Zhou Yongming is a cotton farmer in China. For years, he was growing cotton by
Huangmei Huinong Technology Cooperative is a private transplanting cotton seed from a nutrition bowl to the field. As the process was
business supported by Hubei provincial and municipal quite labor-intensive, he had been growing cotton on only 0.2 ha of his land. He
scientific research centers, and technology experts joined the BCI project in 2019 and has now adopted direct seeding short-season
from Huangmei county. It focuses on application of new cultivation. He now grows cotton on 46 mu (7.5 acre) land.
agricultural theory, experiments, demonstration and
After joining the BCI project, Zhou regularly attended the trainings and kept in
promotion of new technology and novel breeds, and
touch with the Producer Unit and agriculture technology service center in his
development and sales of new products.
area, for recommendations and solutions for any issues he faced while farming.
Joined BCI as an Implementing Partner (IP) in March 2019.
Zhou has also been able to considerably bring down his input cost. He says, “I
It is engaging with two local partners in Xiaochi and Fenlu
reduced the frequency of pesticide application instead of sticking to my previous
to work in 47 villages, with 2 Producer Units, 14 Field
routine of applying it every seven days. I also decreased fertilizer consumption at
Facilitators, and 7,648 farmers to facilitate production of
the field. Together, they resulted in lesser labor cost at my farms too.”
Better Cotton.
“In all, my input cost decreased by 380 yuan (€50) per mu, which means that
This year, the IP has been working to establish a BCI project
the total cost for my 46 mu land dropped by 17,480 yuan
in the area, in which 90% of the local farmers have joined.
(€2300).”
They are working with farmers through concentrated
trainings, demo plots for sustainable agricultural practices, 2019 was also a rather challenging year for the
and sharing training materials and Better Cotton Standard farmers in the region, due to severe drought.
materials with farmers. However, Zhou still had an average yield of 260 kg
of seed cotton per mu from his farm, which was
The IP helped the farmers to select prime quality seeds,
30 kg more than the harvest in the previous year.
promote direct seeding after the wheat crop is harvested
Participation in the BCI project has resulted in low
and increase density to around 3500 plants per mu (1ha is
input cost and improved yield for Zhou, increasing
equal to 15 mu), decrease fertilizer consumption by 20%,
his income by 25,760 yuan (€3,385) from his farm
increase application of organic fertilizer and use pesticide
produce.
according to the advice of pest forecast.
Zhou Yongming
A farmer associated with the project shares his story of Duanyao Village, Huangmei, Hubei – China
how his income increased with the decrease in input costs
for his crop.
Cotton Yearbook 2019 10
India
Farmer Story
Implementing Partner: Aga Khan Rural Support
Programme (India) Suresh Makwana is a smallholder farmer with a total 1 ha of land in Rajkot, Gujarat.In 2016, he
joined a BCI project managed by Implementing Partner Aga Khan Rural Support Programme
Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (India) - AKRSP(I)
India (AKRSPI). The training and learnings imparted in the program have helped Suresh
- has been a BCI Implementing Partner since 2018. In
improve his income.
2019-20, the organization worked working with 7,500
farmers in two Producer Units in Junagadh and Rajkot Before joining the program, cultivating 1 ha of land was the only source of livelihood for
in Gujarat. Suresh’s four-member family. Due to excessive use of agrochemicals, the C:N ratio of his
land was 0.2 (much lower than the standard ratio, which is between 0.75 and 1). This resulted
The villages under the project have been facing water- in deterioration of soil fertility and affected the agricultural productivity. Suresh was using
related challenges including depleting ground water an open well for irrigation. He was cultivating cotton, green gram and maize in the Kharif
and increased salinity. AKRSP(I) has been working (monsoon) season and wheat, chickpeas and cumin in the Rabi (spring) season. The total
annual expenditure incurred for cultivating his land was INR 56,950 and his total annual
to reduce salinity and increase water use efficiency
income was INR 71,900.
by increasing awareness on water management and
promoting efficient irrigation practices such as drip and He says, “I joined the BCI program in 2016 and received a drip irrigation system in 2016
alternate furrow irrigation. from AKRSPI. I adopted water management practices with the help of a series of trainings,
farmer’s learning meetings, and exposure visits. I started using biopesticides and biofertilizers,
AKRSP(I) is also working to create awareness among which resulted in low input costs and improved soil quality for my land. In the soil test report
the farmers and farm workers in their project area on done in 2019, my land recorded C:N ratio of 0.55, which was a considerable improvement.
worker rights, minimum wages and equality, and child This was owing to the changes I adopted in my farming practices. I also started cultivating on
labor. In addition, the organization has been training the 0.2 ha of my fallow land through land development and restoration
practices.”
farmers on reducing pesticide use. Farmers in the
area have been informed on pesticide groups and Speaking about the overall impact of the interventions on his income,
recommended dose for pest control. They have also he says, “I am now growing new crops including groundnut, sesame,
been trained on identifying pesticides through color tomatoes and chili. This gives me additional income of INR 253,400 in
codes for their impact on the environment and humans. a year. Besides, I was able to bring down my input cost from INR 28,475
to INR 15,542 per acre. I am earning a net income of INR 257,583 every
The farmers under the by AKRSP(I) BCI project year from my land and INR 560 per day by selling milk to the dairy.”
have also increased usage of bio-pesticides and bio- Suresh has enrolled his daughter and son in private school in
fertilizers, which is helping in improving the soil quality the region and become an inspiration for other farmers. He
and also reducing their input cost. A farmer from the has also been felicitated by AKRSPI with Best Farmer Award
project area shares his story of how he has been able for the year of 2018-19.
to turn around his field’s soil quality by changing his Suresh Makwana
farming practices. Rajkot, GujaratCotton Yearbook 2019 11
Turkey
Farmer Story
Implementing Partner: WWF Turkey
WWF Turkey has been a BCI Implementing Partner since Arif Karaağaç joined the BCI project being implemented by WWF Turkey
2019. In the 2019-20 season, the organization worked in in 2019. He grows cotton on 1.58 ha of on land. The BCI field team then
85 villages with 1,125 farmers in Söke, Germencik, ncirliova, consisted of agricultural engineers, and Arif joined the program, believing
Koçarlı, and Efeler districts. that he would benefit from their knowledge and experience.
This region deals with several challenges including flood Joining the project has helped Arif to bring down the usage of
irrigation, overuse of pesticides, and overuse of fertilizers. agrochemicals on his farm. He says, “Before I joined the program, I followed
To meet some of these challenges, WWF Turkey has what my neighboring farmers were doing. I would blindly adopt the same
created a multi-stakeholder platform so that all related practices. When they started spraying pesticides, I would immediately
parties own the problem and create a solution around start spraying it on my farm. When they started to apply fertilizers, I would
that. One of the achievements of this platform is a modern immediately follow that too.”
irrigation model that will be piloted soon. After a financial
After becoming a BCI Farmer, however, Arif is
model is designed, the model will be rolled out at scale
more aware about the pesticides and
in 2020-21 cotton season. WWF Turkey is also using an
fertilizers that he uses in the farm. He
electronic soil analysis equipment that can analyze soil
is also wary about the intervals at
quality in 15 minutes, making it possible for farmers to use
which he sprays them. He says, “This
fertilizers more effectively.
has resulted in reduced consumption
The IP says, “We wouldn’t have been able to start working of agrochemicals on my farm and
on cotton in such an elaborate manner without partnering brought down my input costs as
with the Better Cotton GIF. For the past two years, it has well.”
been helping us engage in fruitful dialogues with the broad
Arif Karaağaç
spectrum of cotton stakeholders. This has also contributed
BCI Farmer - Turkey
a great deal to our work in the Buyuk Menderes River Basin
as part of our larger WWF landscape approach.”
A farmer under the project shares his experience of how
as a BCI Farmer he is now taking more informed decisions
about his cotton cultivation.Cotton Yearbook 2019 12
Driving Innovation
Skill Development for Field Facilitators in India
Project Implementer: Kuza
In 2019, the Better Cotton GIF launched All the FFs (634) used the learning modules, In Phase Two of the project, the Better
an online skill development tool for Field including a standardized assessment tool that Cotton GIF will assess adoption of learning
Facilitators (FF) in India. The learning enables users to identify skills gaps and then by FFs and measure demonstration of
platform enables FFs to undertake suggests a personalized learning path. Sixty- enhanced skills during farmer training
personalised and self-directed learning with three percent of FFs (398) also completed a by FFs. Based on the outcome of the
a view to ensure a consistent skill set across user survey to provide feedback on the tool. assessment, the tool will either be rolled out
Implementing Partners (IPs). The pilot was Seventy-six percent of the respondents said in 2020 to all IPs in Maharashtra and Gujarat,
conducted in Maharashtra and Gujarat with that they found the tool useful, while 57% said or expanded to include a new language; e.g.,
six IPs. As many as 504 FFs participated in they found the training relevant to their work Punjabi.
the initial roll-out, followed by an additional and will regularly use the learning. However,
134 FFs. 82% of the survey participants indicated that
they would prefer a combination of online and
classroom learning.Cotton Yearbook 2019 13
Scale Partners Management Systems Review
Project Implementers: Think Through Consulting (TTC) and KPMG
In 2019, the Better Cotton GIF carried out (P&C) and result-based management 3. Improve quality of training and awareness plans
a Management Systems Review for our framework. Five cross-cutting gaps and modules developed by IPs on program
largest Implementing Partners (IPs) in were identified, and CAPs provided. management aspects and capacity-building
India. These Scale Partners are an integral The review was concluded with a
Based on these findings, the Better Cotton GIF will
part of our ability to reach and impact follow-up assessment to check if
work with KPMG Phase Two of the project, which
large number of smallholder farmers. The the IPs had been able to address
will provide capacity-building for Scale Partners
rationale for the review was to identify the gaps. The end line assessment
on strategic organizational management skills. The
gaps in the capacity of these IPs and to concluded that:
pedagogical approach developed will then be used to
strengthen the capacity of those partners
1. There was a need to conduct inform capacity-building for other IPs.
willing to scale up their outreach to more
refresher training on BCI Theory
than 100,000 farmers, while delivering a
of Change and P&C
high-impact program.
2. Need to develop a Management
Eight IPs were assessed and provided
Information System platform to
Corrective Action Plans (CAPs) on how
s
skill
be used by IPs for data collection
to improve their implementation by
and reporting Organization design
ent
aligning it to BCI’s Principle and Criteria and structure
gem
ana
al m
Leadership and governance
tion
niza
orga
Strategic planning and decision-making
c
tegi
Stra Project delivery and management processesCotton Yearbook 2019 14
Better Cotton Innovation Challenge 1) Customized learning for farmers: receive mentorship from experts and access to
Farmers are treated as one homogeneous networking opportunities with industry leaders.
To scale the BCI program further and in a group and similar content is provided In the end, a maximum of four global winners will
financially viable manner, IDH and BCI set to them every year. We want to identify be awarded the prize and potentially have the
up a global innovation platform, The Better innovations that will lead to BCI Farmers opportunity to launch their innovation.
Cotton Innovation Challenge, to identify receiving customized trainings based
solutions that can transform the way cotton The Innovation Challenge will create an open
on their specific needs, preferences, and
is produced today. pipeline of ideas that, with Better Cotton GIF
knowledge gaps.
seed funding, will be developed into new viable
Funded by the Better Cotton GIF and 2) Efficiency of Data Collection and service delivery models to improve farmer
developed in partnership with Dalberg, the Documentation: Field Facilitators desire livelihoods and achieve greater field-level impact.
Challenge seeks to involve a global pool to spend more time training farmers, but Through the Challenge, the Better Cotton
of innovators to develop innovations that 50-70% of their total time is spent on GIF aims to drive an independent process for
have the potential to drive breakthrough data collection. pioneering pipeline development and funding,
performance at field level and enable BCI to and to utilize its expertise and vast network of
achieve scale in a more efficient way, with As for any verification model, quality data partners to actively drive and enable innovation
higher learning and adoption outcomes. is imperative to ensure that the cotton in the cotton sector, addressing the many
is indeed produced more sustainably. challenges it faces today.
This first round of the Innovation Challenge Data collection helps assert compliance
was launched in November 2019 and of Better Cotton production practices At the time of publishing this report, a jury
focused on two opportunity areas that were on the ground and track the progress of composed of external experts, alongside BCI, IDH
shortlisted after thorough exploration and farmers. and Dalberg have selected the 5 semi finalists
consultation with BCI on ongoing challenges that will move to next phase of the Better
and gaps in implementation. Innovators will undergo three competitive Cotton Innovation Challenge, pilot testing the
application stages through 2020 and innovations and looking at ways to scale further.
1 2 3 4
Application Detailed Proposal On-Ground Final Award
Testing The winner(s) will receive significant
~8 weeks 4-6 weeks 8-10 weeks 2 weeks recognition, prize money (up to
20 semifinalist 5 semifinalist 1-4 semifinalist
€135,000), and the potential to
What? First public window for First shortlist of applicants Second shortlist of Final selection basedon
innovators to apply to the
Challenge via a simple and
working towards a
detailed proposal for jury
innovators developing
and testing the product/
evaluation of on-ground
testing and awarding of
launch their innovation with over 2
open online application
form
evaluation service prize to Challenge winner
million farmers.
1
http://www.intracen.org/uploadedFiles/intracenorg/Content/Exporters/Sectors/Food_and_agri_business/Cotton/AssetPDF/Women%20in%20cotton%20-%209%2011%2011%20FINAL.pdfCotton Yearbook 2019 15
Key Better Cotton GIF Meetings 2019
21-23 January: 24 June 2019: 7 November 2019:
Field Impact and Innovation Field Impact and Innovation Buyer and Investor Committee (BIC)
Committee (FIIC) Committee (FIIC) The BIC team met in Bonn, Germany.
The FIIC met in Utrecht, The The FIIC met in Amsterdam, The team confirmed their support
Netherlands, and approved The Netherlands, at Fashion to Better Cotton GIF 2020 AOP
53 projects for investment for Good to set the Better and agreed to update its terms of
from 35 applicants across six Cotton GIF funding priorities reference in the following months.
countries. and strategy for the 2020-21
season.
June October
2019
January June November
11-13 June 2019: 15-25 October 2019:
BCI Global Cotton Sustainability Conference RFP face-to-face meetings
BCI hosted its annual global cotton conference In August, the Better Cotton
in Shanghai, China, bringing the entire sector GIF launched its Request
together, including retailers and brands, supply chain for Proposal (RFP) for
partners, CSOs, and government representatives, to BCI implementation in the
collaborate on a more sustainable future for cotton. 2020-21 season. In October,
applicants were invited
12 June 2019: for face-to-face meetings
Buyer and Investor Committee (BIC) to discuss their project
Shanghai, China proposal with the Better
The BIC is a platform that operates within the Cotton GIF secretariat,
governance framework of the Better Cotton GIF, in preparation for a final
which allows representative brands and retailers investment decision by the
to provide input on investment decisions, share FIIC in January 2020.
knowledge, and propose new strategic initiatives
that support the supply and demand of Better
Cotton.Cotton Yearbook 2019 16
MOZAMBIQUE
CLIMATE
RESILIENCE
PROJECTCotton Yearbook 2019 17
Introduction
Where We Work
In Mozambique, agriculture production This starts with developing the household
– predominately rain-fed agriculture – and community as a reliable safety net and
contributes 25% to GDP and is the main implementing a holistic livelihood approach
economic activity for many people. for robust asset development and risk Cabo Delgado
Smallholder farmers represent 95% of the mitigation.
Muape
Niassa
country’s agricultural production.
The Mozambique Climate Resilience Program
Titimane Namialo
Located on Africa’s Southeastern coast, (the “Program”) works with four private
Mozambique suffers from periodic cyclones, sector partners – Olam, San JFS, Plexus, and Palacua
Namachilo
Nampula
droughts, floods, and related epidemics. SANAM – with additional technical support Tete
Climate change will likely exacerbate this from Action for Food Production (AFPRO),
existing climate variability and result in more to increase farmer resilience against Zambezia
severe droughts, unpredictable rains, floods volatile weather conditions and poverty by
and uncontrolled fires. This, combined with employing a coordinated and multi-pillar
the fact that agriculture is currently practiced approach that leverages access to water and
on less than 10% of arable land – whilst training on good agricultural practices. This Sofala
Manica
lacking access to credit, markets, high quality is intended to increase farmer productivity,
inputs – makes the sector, and especially its provide access to alternative livelihood
smallholder farmers, extremely vulnerable to activities, diversify income, and improve
external shocks. food intake. The program aims to equip
farming communities with the ability to make
For these reasons, ensuring the resiliency of
informed decisions on their farming practices
smallholder farmers against climate change Inhambane
and to help them gain access to multiple Gaza
and other shocks is essential to securing the
livelihood options. Farmer households are
agricultural productivity as well as the health
offered a variety of tools for empowerment
and well-being of Mozambique and its people.
and a greater chance to institutionalize a
It requires mitigating the impact of climate
systemic change that will lead to improved Maputo
change by de-risking farmer livelihoods and
livelihoods, increased economic security, and
maximizing all possible and existing assets.
overall improvement in health and the quality
of life.Cotton Yearbook 2019 18
Program Funding
By leveraging investments from our private
sector partners, with match-funded support
from the Dutch Embassy of Mozambique
and IDH, we have developed and are now
testing an innovative model that supports
diversification. The aim is to ultimately
increase sustainable performance and
profitability and reduce smallholder farmers’
dependency on a single cash crop for their
livelihoods.
IDH supports the program in its three roles
of convening, piloting, and co-funding.
2019 Summary
A gender study was conducted in partnership Working across the five project sites and with
In the second year of the Program, over with Solidaridad Southern Africa to improve our private sector partners has proved to be
EUR 385,000 in public and private sector our understanding of the social dynamics a very effective way of testing the Program’s
contributions were invested to service 484 within our intervention communities and to theory of change and for understanding
direct beneficiaries across the five projects. help further improve the Program design. the common denominators for maximizing
With the completion of most water Overall, the Program continues to progress the impact at the farmer and business level.
harvesting and water management in its second year of implementation, While the pillars of our work remain the
structures and some rebuilding that was especially at the community level, where same, the local conditions and organizational
required due to unexpected flooding, water availability has visibly improved living approach of each of our partners vary. These
farmers were able to leverage the conditions and established new livelihood differences have enriched our experiences,
available water for cotton production, opportunities in the communities. IDH yielding best practices that can be shared
crop diversification, and animal husbandry and its partners continue to sharpen their with and applied by others.
activities. Additional support was also understanding of the local realities and
provided for the community-level evaluate the successes and failures of the
entrepreneurs to increase the availability of implementation activities through continuous
solar energy technology services. engagement with the communities.Cotton Yearbook 2019 19
Access to Water
essential component of the Program for site. All activities received additional support
In this second year of implementation we
establishing ownership and ensuring long- from AFPRO, who advised the partners’
have observed visible improvements in the
term sustainability of the structures. While village coordinators on land preparation,
capacity of the partners and local contractors
the structures can now be leveraged to selection of crops and varieties, planting, and
for developing the water infrastructure.
harvest additional water in most project sites, irrigation methods. The training also covered
Continuous involvement and on-site training
natural weathering and sudden and heavy nursery preparation, seedling transplantation,
have helped improve the capacity of the local
rainfalls will demand additional repair work in fertilizers and pesticides application,
communities, which is essential for ensuring
the future. scheduling irrigation, and harvesting
they have the knowledge and tools to
procedures.
conduct repairs independently in the future. Crop Diversification
This season, approximately 370 community The growing success of horticultural
members across the five villages were In our second year of implementation, our
cultivation by the leading group of farmers
involved in the activities, with support from senior agronomist continued to support and
has resulted in positive spillover effects, with
AFPRO’s engineers. monitor the implementation of second crop
other farmers wanting to join the Program to
activities across all villages, providing on-site
receive training and make use of previously
Community engagement and capacity- training and demonstrations at each project
unproductive land.
building is and will continue to be anCotton Yearbook 2019 20
Animal Husbandry Cotton Production for weeding and pest management; and
training on good agriculture practices.
In this second year of implementation, This season, trust and engagement between
communities received refresher trainings the cotton concessionaires and farmers Access to Energy
on animal and health management and continued to improve with increasing
The partners and entrepreneurs developed
additional support from local district appetite and commitment to grow cotton.
a business model and repayment
offices for vaccines and other veterinary The partners were able to service a total
mechanism for the solar kits that ensures
support services. of 519 farmers compared to 189 farmers
ownership and long-term sustainability.
in the previous season. This is the result
We found that individual management In this model, the entrepreneurs agreed
of increasing farmer confidence in soil
of animal husbandry activities is more to pay for 30% to 50% of the cost of the
conservation and land development activities
effective for ensuring proper management solar panel and equipment, which was
of the Program and improvements in land
of chickens and goats than enforcing then match-funded by the Program’s
management by farmers with better access
shared responsibility. This coming investment.
to extension services, along with stabilization
season, we will continue to explore best
of the price of cotton. Since the first year of implementation, the
practices for individual management and
mobile charging services made available
establishing a governance system for The coming season will continue to focus on
through the solar kits has increased
distributing successfully bred offspring to building the trust and confidence with the
interest in the community to further invest
new beneficiaries. farmers; timely supply of inputs and support
in solar energy and replicate the model.
However, the upfront investment that’s
required continues to be a challenge.
In the coming season, we will continue to
find solutions for the ongoing challenges
and build a stronger business model to
expand the activities in the villages and
benefit more community members.Cotton Yearbook 2019 21
Digital Micro-Learning Toolkit for Farmer
Capacity-Building Farmer Narrative
We’ve partnered with Kuza – a leading social technology
Salvador Daissene is a BCI farmer from Niassa province in
enterprise that specializes in developing micro-learning
Mozambique. He has joined the BCI project being implemented by
content – to develop digital training materials on:
SAN-JFS in the region. He has been growing cotton and other crops
i. good agricultural practices for cotton and three other since 2002. In 2019-20, he cultivated cotton in 11 ha, corn in 4 ha, and
high-value crops sugarcane in 5 ha land. He also has a small garden in which he grows
ii. poultry management tomato, cabbage and onion.
iii. watershed management
His main income is from the cotton crop, which helps him to sponsor
iv. farm planning and decision-making studies for his three children. He believes that BCI is good not only
v. crop-budgeting and group-saving for environment but also for the cotton-growing community. He
has attended several trainings by SAN-JFS, in which he learned to
Additionally, Kuza will provide access to the learning
improve culture management practices, pest
materials through a digital kit that can successfully operate
monitoring and pesticide management.
off-grid in even the remotest areas of Mozambique. An
entrepreneur from each project site will be trained on He has also been focusing on the “decent
providing crop advisory services to farmers using Kuza’s work” aspect on his farms. Since he
digital toolkit. owns more than 20 ha, he regularly hires
temporary workers and local community
The aim of this project is to provide farmers with more
members for land-clearing, sowing,
dynamic and engaging training material and a platform that
weeding, thinning, pesticide application, and
allows farmers to learn at their own pace and time, which,
harvesting. In addition to cash payments, he
when combined, will increase adoption of more sustainable
also gives meals to his workers.
agricultural practices leading to
improvements in livelihoods and Salvador Daissene
resilience. BCI Farmer - MozambiqueCotton Yearbook 2019 22
MAHARASHTRA
PROGRAMCotton Yearbook 2019 23
Introduction
As the largest cotton growing state in the country, Maharashtra covers about 34% of total
cotton area and contributes to 17% of the production. However, in comparison with most
other states in 5-700 range, Maharashtra produces significantly low yields of 398 kgs/ha, due
to a variety of reason including rainfed dependence, pest attacks, poor soil quality among
others. Given Maharashtra’s position as a major agricultural hub, combined with these major
challenges faced by smallholder cotton farmers, there is significant potential for IDH to align
Maharashtra’s cotton landscape with national and global sustainable production agendas.
Building Public Private Collaboration Maharashtra Cotton Water Platform
Expert Group Meetings with the IDH, in collaboration with 2030 Water
Government of Maharashtra Resource Group (2030WRG) under an MoU
signed in April 2017, lead the development
In 2019, IDH signed an MOU with the
of the initiatives and working groups under
Maharashtra government under the
the Maharashtra Cotton Water Platform in
World Bank-funded project to promote
its Phase 1 till December 2019. Established
sustainable agriculture – State of Maharashtra
under the broader Maharashtra Water Multi-
Agribusiness and Rural Transformation
Stakeholder Platform, the Maharashtra
(SMART) – with the goal of strengthening
Cotton Water Platform was formed under the
off-taker relationships with 4,000 cotton
guidance and leadership of the Department of
farmers.
Agriculture, bringing together representatives
IDH continued the sub-national government from the public sector, global and local cotton
engagement through participation in value supply chain actors, financial institutions, and
chain consultations for the SMART project, civil society to deliver innovative solutions
as well as expert consultations for the Public- to improve water use efficiency, increase the
Private Partnership for Integrated Agriculture income of the cotton farming communities,
Development (PPP-IAD) program. and support partnerships with cotton supply
chain actors.Cotton Yearbook 2019 24
In 2019, IDH co-hosted a Platform meeting on May 9th that focussed on two key
discussion themes:
Converting Insights to
Theme #1: Financing for Water-efficient Theme #2: Partnerships for area-based
Action
forms of Irrigation to Cotton farmers approaches to pest management
As convenor of the Maharashtra Cotton
This theme revealed commonly known The potential for an area-based approach Water platform, IDH also led the
challenges that bankers face when working for pest management in Maharashtra’s development of two sector reports –
with smallholder farmers which included: cotton belt was explored. It was discussed conceptualised and delivered through a
that for an effective area-based approach consultative process involving 60+ key
• Lack of credit history at individual at scale, certain elements need to be government, industry, civil society and
farmer level plugged in including monitoring weather finance-sector actors. These sector reports
• Need for a contiguous area where banks at smaller scales for more accurate crop- in Maharashtra - ‘Towards Doubling Cotton
can work with multiple farmers so as to weather models, Monitoring of the farmers’ Farmer Incomes’ (based on the Prime
reduce overall transaction costs adoption of recommended practices as Minister’s strategic agenda to drive livelihood
well as an understanding of crops-use of security) and, a ‘Business Case for Gender
• The need for farmer segments where Mainstreaming in Cotton’ on the gender
chemicals in multi-cropping/ intercropping
there is multi-cropping and in general division of roles and responsibilities on
systems.
diversification of livelihoods are more the farm, participation in decision-making
financeable, as there is fallback in cases The discussion also explored how Artificial and access to productive resources, were
of particular crop losses and therefore Intelligence based solutions could be launched in May 2019 at a launch event
reduction in risks for the banks incorporated to support area-based which included 100+ people across 60+
surveillance, intervention and monitoring. organizations from the sector.
Some models of outreach were also
A benefit of this approach is that it would
proposed including working with FPOs to
add a level of verification and document
attain credit guarantees from Government
data point for further analysis and record
schemes as well as a tripartite agreement
purposes. It would also be real time and
for irrigation between the bank, farmer
can be built for purpose when it comes to
and the ultimate off-taker. These were
dissemination for advisory. As a platform
explored further in a closed-door
member, Wadhwani AI for Social Good
consultation between the Chair of MCWP
took the lead in following up with individual
(and Project Director – Project on Climate
members to further build out their AI
Resilient Agriculture) and leading financial
solution on integrated pest management
institutions to apply to their access to credit
being piloted in Maharashtra.
strategy in the project areas.Cotton Yearbook 2019 25
Establishing the Business Case of Integrating Women Establishing the Business Case of Investing in Smallholder
Cultivators in Maharashtra Livelihoods
Women play a critical role The report — ‘Towards Doubling Cotton
in cotton cultivation. To Delivering High Impact.
Farmer Incomes in Maharashtra’ —
assess their potential, IDH outlines a strategy towards doubling
commissioned ‘Business case Business case net household income of Indian farmers.
for gender Towards doubling
for gender mainstreaming in mainstreaming
CoTTon Farmer inComes
in cotton in This study assesses a range of
cotton in Maharashtra’ report, Maharashtra in maharashTra
intervention strategies (decreased
which presents findings from
cost of cultivation, increase in yield,
gender analysis of cotton
adhering to market requirements,
cultivation in Maharashtra,
moving beyond cotton, and livelihood
conducted by IDH and
diversification) that could potentially
Sattva. The analysis built
contribute to increasing cotton farmers’
an understanding of the
incomes, quantifying the economics of
gender division of roles and
implementation, and the incremental
responsibilities in the farm
value added.
and the burden of labour,
participating in decision-making and access to productive The study also identified game changer solutions transform the
resources and ecosystem support in the form of trainings, entire cotton value chain – one example of this was Lint Based
finance, extension services and government schemes. Marketing. In the cotton value chain, the common system uses an
The study examined both the economic contributions of expert to subjectively price seed cotton on the basis of weight
women cultivators on the farm and the various barriers and quality. Under the proposed LBM, fast, accurate and unbiased
that limit their role in cultivation. machine readings could be used to price cotton lint for weight and
quality, while rewarding producers for producing cotton of such
Taking to Action: Informed by findings of this study, IDH
parameters.
will be working with BCI to pilot interventions to integrate
women co-farmers in BCI farms in Maharashtra. The pilot, Taking to Action: Going forward, IDH will pilot this approach with
planned for 2020, is designed to be a scalable model participation from progressive actors in the cotton value chain
that can be replicated seamlessly across implementing and the state government to assess the additional value that can
partners and geographies, to drive economic and be shared with smallholder farmers and the scope for a wider
social sustainability of cotton production through adoption in the sector
mainstreaming of women cotton cultivators.Cotton Yearbook 2019 26
From The Field: Securing Smallholder Livelihoods Gender at a Program Planning Level
in Rainfed Maharashtra – Jalna, Maharashtra • Gender analysis through FGD at all
37 villages
At the field level, the project implemented
• Gender sensitization training of all
by Watershed Organization Trust in
staff of WOTR
Maharashtra scaled from four to thirty-seven
villages, engaging 6,300 farmers through • Ensuring at least 40% representation
an integrated, participatory and gender- of women in baseline/endline
inclusive approach of agro-meteorological assessments (40%)
Jalna
advisory services, training on good • Ensuring at least 40% representation
agricultural practices, and community-based of women in selected para-
watershed management agronomists/ master trainers
In 2019, the program demonstrated a high • Gender Planning guided by IDH
level of local community self- contribution in costs of production and over 1/3rd of study on the business case for
towards watershed works (creating wage the project farmers taking up a second mainstreaming women’s roles in
employment of over 75,000 man days) to crop owing to improved soil and water cotton cultivation
deliver on results that exceeded the set management activities. .
targets for 2019 - yielding a 20% reduction
Watershed Activities
Through the implementation of watershed activities as part
of this project, water harvesting potential of 766 TCM has
been created through various structures which will lead to
increased water availability and area under irrigation. The
treated catchment area of 1,896 ha will also be protected from
soil erosion and consequently, soil moisture will be retained.
The watershed works have also created wage employment
of 75,840 person-days in summer months, during which
agricultural activity is restricted on account of limited access
to water.Cotton Yearbook 2019 27
Good Agricultural Practices in the 30 project villages were trained AE program started out strongly in Jalna,
on understanding of water availability, reaching 6 blocks and more than 40 villages.
Farmers were also trained on Good community’s existing needs and To bring quality agri-services to the cotton
Agriculture practices such as Deep requirements of water, equitable sharing of farmers, 19 rural youth agri-entrepreneurs
Ploughing, Soil Testing, and Intercropping excess water and dynamics of groundwater were selected and trained at the Center
while soil samples were collected from withdrawals. This consideration of various of Excellence, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra.
around 3000 farmers enabling them to local claims on water resources in the They are currently undergoing business
calculate and plan fertiliser requirement village has provided communities with a plan preparation and mentorship, to deliver
based on the recommendations on soil strong basis for making decisions regarding essential services in the areas of inputs, credit
health cards. 4,031 farmers were linked appropriate cropping patterns, area to be and market linkages.
to 9 automatic weather stations allowing taken for cultivation, the irrigation method
for informed decisions on crop cultivation etc. so as to optimize output per drop of
based on timely and weather specific water.
advisories received. Overall, the project
reported that nearly 80% of the trained Developing Service Delivery Models for
farmers had demonstrated improved Agri-services
practices as a result.
A new partnership was formed with
Syngenta Foundation India (SFI), to
integrate the Agri-Entrepreneur (AE)
model into the project areas in Jalna. In this
model, SFI selects and trains unemployed
village youth to provide products and
services to 150-200 smallholders in
two to three villages. The AE network
replaces conventional and inadequate
‘point solutions’ with one holistic provider,
Figure 2 Snake and Ladder themed training on GAP whereby the AEs provide fee-based services
includes credit access and market linkages,
Community-based Water Budgeting as well as access to high-quality inputs and
farming advice. Each AE has to come from
Water Budgeting is an exercise geared one of the villages she or he serves: trusting
towards ensuring optimum and most relationships are crucial.
efficient use of water. Community members
Figure 3 Automated Weather Stations for Hyper-
locale crop advisoriesCotton Yearbook 2019 28
Key Project Results:
No. producers and community members trained on sustainable production Cost of cultivation
Annual Output Crop Baseline Avg. cost of cultivation
Topic Baseline
Male Female Total Cotton - cost “Rs. 9,338 per “Rs. 7,488 per acre
of cultivation acre (HH Survey (Farmer diary 2019 of
Good Agricultural Practices
0 3319 1870 5189 data 2018)” representative farmers)”
(farmer training)
Water budgeting (Jalsewaks) 0 47 8 55
Indicators Baseline Achieved
Soil testing (farmers) 0 2377 1244 3621
(Year 2019)
Empowerment of women/ Area protected from soil 1,500 ha 3,352 ha
0 465 437 902
gender (FGD) erosion and moisture retained
Increase in acess to water 8,775 TCM 9,541 TCM
No. of producers reached by service delivery
(water harvesting potential)
Annual Output Improved use of water as a 5 villages 30 villages
Topic Baseline resource - water budgets
Male Female Total
Increase in area under 1,800 ha 2,125 ha
Microirrigation devices 0 61 0 61 irrigation
Soil testing 0 2139 670 2809 Increase in farmers taking 1,050 1,965
second crop
Crop advisories 0 3672 359 4031
Trap crop seeds 0 756 252 1008
Vermicmposting bed 0 64 11 75
No. of smallholder producers organized/aggregated by the program
Topic Mid-term Output
Male Female
Farmer Producer Organizations 409 74
Self-Help Groups 0 1405Cotton Yearbook 2019 29
Hrishikesh Pagire
NARRATIVES
Hrishikesh Pagire of Pagirwadi village shares
his experience of how passionate he is
about natural farming and how the project
initiatives helped him to learn new things
about crop diversification in his field with
increased productivity and less risk.
Pagirwadi is a small village in Ambad
taluka of Jalna district in Maharashtra. The
green patch in the village was a surprising
element in this parched area of Marathwada.
Hrishikesh Pagire, a second year commerce
student, is practicing the organic farming
methods on his agriculture land. In his very
first attempt, he has earned a profit of Rs.
60,000 on cotton crop against an investment
of Rs. 10,000 on two acres of land.
Hrishikesh is very concerned about his
farmland and the fertility of soil; this is
why he decided to adopt organic farming
training session, Hrishikesh got detailed Hrishikesh has already decided to live in
practices to win the battle against severe
information about organic farming practices. his own village and to take up farming as
drought conditions. His strong desire to
He narrated his experience at the training a full-time career. On organic farming, he
learn organic farming methods has finally
session with conviction:“It was really worth says, “Saving water and the environment is
been realized with the dedicated support
it staying there for 4 days and learning so the need of the hour. We must protect our
from WOTR, which is actively working in the
many things about agriculture. I successfully own environment and try different methods
drought prone areas spreading awareness
completed the session, which motivated me of organic farming to get more agriculture
about organic farming. During the agricultural
to become a successful farmer.” production by using less water.”Cotton Yearbook 2019 30
Premchand Bhagchand Naglot
Premchand Bhagchand Naglot is the
Sarpanch of the village Dhangar Pimpalgaon
in Ambad taluka of Jalna district in
Maharashtra. He is also one of the farmers
who directly benefitted from the one of
the two check dams built in the village. He
narrates how the construction of the check
dam has helped him.
“Ours is a small village of about 250 families
and we have always faced water scarcity
in the past. In summer, water tankers used
to ply regularly bringing drinking water to
the village. For too long we ignored the
plight of the cattle in the village due to
paucity of fodder and water. Under such
conditions, WOTR started a project in our
village to increase the water retention
capacity of the land through different soil
and water conservation measures. In this
project, watershed development work was to increase our agriculture yield. Farmers Agricultural yield has improved. The important
undertaken to harvest rainwater. Various in the villages are also applying organic thing is that we have green fodder available
area and drainage line treatments were done formulations on their crops and trying for my animals; I am cultivating fodder for
following the ridge-to-valley approach that to reduce the dependence on the use of animal feed. I am growing maize in the rabi
included two check dams and 16 earthen chemical fertilizers and pesticides.” season because of the water availability. I am
gully plugs. also growing pigeon pea and cotton. With the
“Personally, I have immensely benefited from
water available, I am growing vegetables all
Our village is reaping the benefits of the the check dam built on the stream near my
year round, which was not the case earlier,” he
project by following sustainable agriculture farm. Thanks to the check dam, I have water
concludes.
practices that we’ve been advised to follow available in my both bore well and well.You can also read
