Compilation* of COVID-19 Legislation & Government Updates March 30, 2020
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Compilation* of COVID-19 Legislation & Government Updates
March 30, 2020
Americas ________________________________________________________________________________ 2
United States (Federal) ___________________________________________________________________________ 2
United States (State Specific) ______________________________________________________________________ 3
EMEA ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4
Austria ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4
Europe and international _________________________________________________________________________ 4
Europe ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4
Germany ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Israel _________________________________________________________________________________________ 6
Italy __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6
Russia _________________________________________________________________________________________ 6
South Africa ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6
UK ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Asia ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9
India __________________________________________________________________________________________ 9
Malaysia_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
New Zealand ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9
APPENDIX 1 – U.S. State Pending Legislation Compilation _______________________________________ 10
APPENDIX 2 – Global Coronavirus Response Tracker, Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS) ________ 21
Appendix 3: Global Data Privacy & Security Guidance on Handling Personal Data During a Pandemic Tracker
by PRACTICAL LAW _______________________________________________________________________ 30
*This document includes a compilation of legislation and governmental updates as they relate to COVID-19. It is not
intended to offer advice or guidance.
1AMERICAS
UNITED STATES (FEDERAL)
As of 8am EST March 30, 2020 the Senate will be adjourning1 until April 20 and “if circumstances require that they return
for a vote sooner than April the 20th, the Senate will provide at least 24 hours of notice,” according to Senate Majority
Leader Mitch McConnell.
Phase 3 Stimulus2: The 883 page bill3 includes the following:
Give direct payments4 of up to $1,200 for qualifying adults and $2,400 for couples, with $500 added for every child,
based on 2019 tax returns for those who filed them and 2018 information if they have not. The benefit would start to
phase out above $75,000 in income for individuals and $150,000 for couples, phase out completely at the $99,000
and $198,000 thresholds (with no children), respectively.
The expanded unemployment insurance program5 will provide an additional $600 per week payment to each recipient
of unemployment insurance for up to four months. Funding will be provided to pay the cost of the first week of
unemployment benefits through 12/31/20 for states that choose to pay recipients as soon as they become
unemployed instead of waiting one week before the individual is eligible to receive benefits. The expansion of
unemployment insurance will provide an additional 13 weeks of unemployment benefits through 12/31/2020 to help
those who remain unemployed after weeks of state unemployment benefits are no longer available.
Under the small business rescue plan6, of the $377 billion loan program: $350 billion for loan forgiveness grants to
small business and nonprofits to maintain existing workforce, $17 billion for Small Business Administration (SBA) to
cover six months of payments for small businesses with existing SBA loans and $10 billion for the SBA emergency
grants of up to $10,000 to provide immediate relief for small business operating costs.
The bill delays a new accounting rule that would require banks to hold more capital and allows the comptroller of
currency to allow banks to make larger loans than normal. Banks with under $10 billion in assets will have a higher
maximum leverage ratios.
Banks will also get more leeway to work with borrowers who are falling behind on payments on consumer loans.
1
“Senate leaving DC until April 20 after coronavirus stimulus vote”, The Hill, March 25, 2020,
https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/489596-senate-to-leave-washington-until-april-20
2
“Trump Signs $2 Trillion Virus Bill, Largest Ever U.S. Stimulus”, Bloomberg, March 27, 2020,
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-27/trump-signs-2-trillion-virus-bill-largest-ever-u-s-stimulus
3
“Cares Act Final Text”, U.S. Senate, March 25,2020, https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6819206-CARES-ACT-FINAL-
TEXT.html
4
“The Senate CARES Bill: Tax”, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means, March 25, 2020, https://gop-
waysandmeans.house.gov/the-senate-cares-bill-tax/
5
“The Senate CARES Bill: Unemployment”, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Ways and Means, March 25, 2020,
https://gop-waysandmeans.house.gov/the-senate-cares-bill-unemployment/
6
“Title 1 - Keeping American Workers Paid and Employed Act Section-by-Section”, Marco Rubio U.S. Senator for Florida Website,
March 30, 2020, https://www.rubio.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/ef2d5d75-82b2-4de8-9e4e-
89e1cdc2b758/EA7D2DA06BB292AB5903710F77D02485.final-section-by-section---keeping-american-workers-employed-
and-paid-act.pdf
2 Provide additional emergency supplemental appropriations (Division B7) that will go directly to health care systems,
communities and state and local governments fighting the pandemic. The bill also includes an extensive amount of
health care provisions and extensions of health care programs (Title III8).
A brief summary of key provisions of interest to individuals and to businesses is provided here9.
UNITED STATES (STATE SPECIFIC)
As of 8am EST on March 30, 2020, there are
119 pending COVID-19 Legislations
throughout 22 states. The high level
summaries are included below.
Income tax filing extensions: MA, OH, WV
(under active consideration in MI and NJ)
New revenue forecast information or
COVID-19 impact estimates: AR, KS, LA,
MN, NJ, NY
New information on how state will
address FY 2020 shortfall: RI, UT
Florida: Extended property tax payment
due date by two weeks
Kansas: FY 2021 budget signed into law
New Hampshire: Further postponed next
legislative meeting day from April 10 to
May 4
As of March 26, 2020, at least 23 legislatures (Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia,
Guam, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, Oklahoma,
Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee and Wisconsin) have postponed their legislative session. Here10 is a state-by-
state tax COVID-19 roadmap.
See Appendix 1 for a US State Summary Chart with more detail on pending bills.
See Appendix 2 for Coronavirus Response Tracker Details from Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS).
7
“$340 Billion Surge in Emergency Funding to Combat Coronavirus Outbreak”, U.S. Senate Appropriations Committee, March 30,
2020,
https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Coronavirus%20Supplemental%20Appropriations%20Summary_FI
NAL.pdf
8
“Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, Subtitle D—Finance Committee, Section-by-Section”, U.S. Senate Committee
on Finance, March 30, 2020, https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CARES%20Act%20Section-by-
Section%20(Finance%20Health).pdf
9
“CARES Act Signed Into Law”, withum.com, March 27, 2020, https://www.withum.com/resources/cares-bill-passed-by-senate-
house/
10
“State Tax – Coronavirus Roadmap”, Bloomberg Tax & Accounting Section, March 30, 2020, https://aboutblaw.com/PDC
3EMEA
AUSTRIA
2020/03/27 Blümel zu Härtefallfonds – wer schnell hilft, hilft doppelt11
Operations of the Guarantee Fund for SMEs, managed by Mcc, were strengthened and expanded, increasing the resources
and the scope of intervention and making the procedures for obtaining the guarantee faster and simpler
The EUR 15 billion emergency aid for hard-hit sectors was further specified as a grant loan agreement, which allows
companies to apply for a cheap loan. Necessary operating costs, such as energy, insurance or rent, can be deducted 75
percent from loan repayments
EUROPE AND INTERNATIONAL
2020/03/27 Governors and Heads of Supervision announce deferral of Basel III implementation to increase
operational capacity of banks and supervisors to respond to COVID-1912
The Basel Committee's oversight body, the Group of Central Bank Governors and Heads of Supervision (GHOS), has
endorsed a set of measures—including the deferral of Basel III implementation—to provide additional operational
capacity for banks and supervisors to respond to the immediate and global financial stability issues posed by the
coronavirus (COVID-19)
Implementation date of the revised Pillar 3 disclosure requirements finalized in December 2018 has been deferred by one
year to 1 January 2023.
2020/03/27 The impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on the debt capital markets (LexisPSL)13
Banking & Finance analysis: Becky Bradley, senior counsel at Wells Fargo Legal Department, discusses the impact of
coronavirus (COVID-19) on the debt capital markets and sets out what debt capital markets practitioners should be doing
now to prepare for potential issues in the future.
EUROPE
2020/03/27 ESMA issues guidance on financial reporting deadlines during the coronavirus (COVID-19)14
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has issued a public statement on financial reporting deadlines
applicable to listed issuers under the Transparency Directive due to the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19). In the
statement, ESMA acknowledges the difficulties issuers are facing in preparing financial reports, and those challenges
11
“Blümel zu Härtefallfonds – wer schnell hilft, hilft doppelt”, Budesministerium Finanzen, March 27, 2020,
https://www.bmf.gv.at/presse/pressemeldungen/2020/maerz/bluemel-haertefallfonds.html
12
“Governors and Heads of Supervision announce deferral of Basel III implementation to increase operational capacity of banks and
supervisors to respond to Covid-19”, BIS, March 27, 2020, https://www.bis.org/press/p200327.htm
13
“How has the bond market reacted to COVID-19? What do you think the impact will be on the capital markets world?”, LexisNexis
Banking & Finance Blog, March 27, 2020, https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/blog/banking-and-finance/the-impact-of-
coronavirus-(covid-19)-on-the-debt-capital-markets
14
ESMA Issues Guidance on Financial Reporting Deadlines in Light of COVID-19”, European Securities and Markets Authority, March
27, 2020, https://www.esma.europa.eu/press-news/esma-news/esma-issues-guidance-financial-reporting-deadlines-in-
light-covid-19
4auditors are facing in carrying out audits of accounts in the time required for the legislative deadlines. As a result, ESMA
has recommended that National Competent Authorities (NCAs) apply forbearance powers toward issuers who require
delays to the publication of their financial reports, while noting that issuers should keep investors informed of any
expected delays in publication.
2020/03/27 Actions to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the EU financial markets regarding publication deadlines
under the Transparency Directive (ESMA)15
On 27 March 2020, ESMA issued a Public Statement on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on deadlines for
publishing financial reports pursuant to the Transparency Directive. The statement recommends that National Competent
Authorities apply forbearance powers towards issuers who need to delay publication of financial reports beyond the
statutory deadline. However, ESMA emphasizes that requirements under the Market Abuse Regulation will still apply.
GERMANY
2020/03/27 Gesetz zur Abmliderung Folgen COVID-19 Zivil-, Strafverfahrens- und Insolvenzrecht BGBl I 2020 Nr. 14
(27.03.2020) 56916
Civil, Criminal Procedure and Insolvency Law.
2020/03/27 - Gesetz Nachtragshaushalt BGBl I 2020 Nr. 14 (27.03.2020) 55617
Supplementary Budget.
2020/03/27 Gesetz Wirtschaftsstabilisierungsfond BGBl I 2020 Nr. 14 (27.03.2020) 54318
Economic Stabilization Fund.
15
“PUBLIC STATEMENT: Actions to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on the EU financial markets regarding publication deadlines
under the Transparency Directive”, European Securities and Markets Authority, March 27, 2020,
https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma31-67-
742_public_statement_on_publication_deadlines_under_the_td.pdf
16
“Gesetz zur Abmliderung Folgen COVID-19 Zivil-, Strafverfahrens- und Insolvenzrecht BGBl I 2020 Nr. 14 (27.03.2020) 569”,
Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang, March 27, 2020, https://myshearman.com/services/RIS-
Library/London/Documents/Germany%20-%20Gesutz%20zur%20Abmliderung.pdf
17
“Gesetz über die Feststellung eines Nachtrags zum Bundeshaushaltsplan für das Haushaltsjahr 2020 (Nachtragshaushaltsgesetz
2020”, Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang, March 27, 2020, https://myshearman.com/services/RIS-
Library/London/Documents/Germany%20-
%20Gesetz%20Nachtragshaushalt%20BGBl%20I%202020%20Nr.%2014%20(27.03.2020)%20556.pdf
18
“Gesetz zur Errichtung eines Wirtschaftsstabilisierungsfonds (Wirtschaftsstabilisierungsfondsgesetz – WStFG)”, Bundesgesetzblatt
Jahrgang, March 27, 2020, https://myshearman.com/services/RIS-Library/London/Documents/Germany%20-
%20Gesetz%20Wirtschaftsstabilisierungsfond%20BGBl%20I%202020%20Nr.%2014%20(27.03.2020)%20543.pdf
5ISRAEL
2020/03/30 The Banking Supervision Department announces a reduction in the banks’ capital requirements, and
instructs them to examine the distribution of dividends in order to increase the supply of credit in the economy19
Announced a reduction of one percentage point in the regulatory capital requirement, so that the minimum Common
Equity Tier 1 ratio [1] will be 9 percent at the large banks (compared with 10 percent currently) and 8 percent at the
midsized and small banks (compared with 9 percent currently).
ITALY
020/03/29 Moratorium on mortgages and strengthening of the IMF Fund, task force between MEF, Bank of Italy, Abi
and Mcc started20
Operations of the Guarantee Fund for SMEs, managed by Mcc, were strengthened and expanded, increasing the resources
and the scope of intervention and making the procedures for obtaining the guarantee faster and simpler
RUSSIA
2020/03/27 Bank of Russia approves additional measures aimed at supporting Russian citizens, economy and financial
sector amid coronavirus pandemic21
In addition to the earlier approved measures and in the pursuance of the instructions from the Russian President issued
on 25 March 2020, the Bank of Russia has decided to implement a package of measures aimed at supporting the most
vulnerable industries and retail borrowers facing a reduction in their incomes due to the pandemic, as well as a temporary
easing of a range of regulatory requirements for financial institutions intended to maintain their capability to continue
lending to the economy.
SOUTH AFRICA
2020/03/27 Proposed directive issued in terms of section 6(6) of the Banks Act 94 of 1990 - Matters related to the
treatment of restructured credit exposures due to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic22
Implementing measures to provide suitable temporary relief on the minimum capital requirements for banks relating to
credit risk. Pillar 2A minimum capital requirement as set out in regulation 38(8)(e)(ii) of the Regulations is with immediate
effect temporarily reduced to zero.
19
“The Banking Supervision Department announces a reduction in the banks’ capital requirements, and instructs them to examine
the distribution of dividends in order to increase the supply of credit in the economy”, March 29, 2020,
https://www.boi.org.il/en/NewsAndPublications/PressReleases/Pages/29-3-2020a12.aspx
20
“Moratorium on mortgages and strengthening of the IMF Fund, task force between MEF, Bank of Italy, Abi and Mcc started”,
Ministry of Economy and Finance, the Bank of Italy, March 27,2020, http://www.mef.gov.it/ufficio-
stampa/comunicati/2020/Moratoria-su-mutui-e-potenziamento-Fondo-Pmi-al-via-task-Force-fra-Mef-Banca-dItalia-Abi-e-
Mcc/
21
“Bank of Russia approves additional measures aimed at supporting Russian citizens, economy and financial sector amid
coronavirus pandemic”, Bank of Russia, March 27, 2020, https://cbr.ru/eng/press/pr/?file=27032020_203415eng2020-03-
27T20_33_29.htm
22
“Proposed directive issued in terms of section 6(6) of the Banks Act 94 of 1990, Matters related to temporary capital relief to
alleviate risks posed by the Covid19 pandemic”, South African Reserve Bank, March 27,2020,
6UK
2020/03/27 Company meetings: ICSA publishes supplementary guidance on COVID-19 AGM contingency planning and
on virtual board meetings
On 27 March 2020, ICSA, The Chartered Governance Institute announced that it has published Supplementary Guidance23
on contingency planning for AGMs during the current COVID-19 epidemic. This follows Initial Guidance24 which was
published by ICSA on 17 March 2020 (See FC Feature 17 March 202025). In addition, on 28 March 2020, ICSA published
Guidance26 on good practice in the conduct of virtual board and committee meetings.
2020/03/27 Corporate governance: ICGN publishes comparative review of shareholder meetings during COVID-1927
On 27 March 2020, the International Corporate Governance Network published its Viewpoint on how different markets
are approaching shareholder meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper contains updates from the Global
Network of Investor Associations, which met recently and discussed how the COVID-19 pandemic was affecting their
markets.
In the paper, the ICGN acknowledges that it has not formalized a policy position on virtual AGMs and recognizes that many
investor members are opposed to virtual meetings. However, it does state that, in the current crisis, it is important that
investors demonstrate some flexibility regarding how AGMs take place and within what timeframe
2020/03/26 Changing the Narrative around Administration (Insolvency Lawyers' Association)28
On 26 March 2020, the Insolvency Lawyers' Association published a Discussion Paper aimed at changing the narrative
around administration. The ILA suggests that administration is a useful tool in the current climate. In its view, while filing
for administration is often seen in the media as tantamount to a company collapse, it can in fact be used to stabilize,
protect and (if necessary) restructure companies.
https://www.resbank.co.za/Lists/News%20and%20Publications/Attachments/9814/Proposed%20Directive%20on%20Matt
ers%20related%20to%20capital%20relief%20in%20light%20of%20COVID19.pdf
23
“AGMs and impact of Covid-19: Supplement”, ICSA, March 27,2020, https://www.icsa.org.uk/assets/files/pdfs/guidance/agms-
and-impact-of-covid-19-supplement-web.pdf
24
“AGMs and impact of Covid-19”, ICSA, March 17,2020, https://www.icsa.org.uk/assets/files/pdfs/guidance/agms-and-impact-of-
covid-19-web.pdf
25
“Shareholder meetings: Guidance on COVID-19 AGM contingency planning”, Forum Counsel, March 17,2020,
https://www.fromcounsel.com/full/ca/id/23952
26
“Guidance about virtual board meetings issued by The Chartered Governance Institute”, ICSA, March 28, 2020,
https://www.icsa.org.uk/about-us/press-office/news-releases/guidance-about-virtual-board-meetings-issued-by-the-
chartered-governance-institute
27
“ICGN Viewpoint: How different markets are handling shareholder meetings during the COVID-19 coronavirus health emergency”,
ICGN, March 27, 2020, https://myshearman.com/services/RIS-Library/London/Documents/Europe%20-%20ICGN.pdf
28
“Changing the Narrative around Administration”, Insolvency Lawyer’s Association, March 26, 2020,
http://www.citysolicitors.org.uk/storage/2020/03/UKP1-ChangingtheNarrative.pdf
72020/03/27 Coronavirus (COVID-19) puts squeeze on UK to delay Brexit (LexisPSL)29
Brexit appears likely to be delayed beyond the end of this year as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic consumes officials’
attention and puts pressure on economies on both sides of the Channel. The crisis has put particular pressure on the UK
government, whose top Brexit officials are tied up fighting the virus. If the UK reverses course and requests an extension,
the EU won't refuse.
2020/03/27 Coronavirus (COVID-19)—FCA and PSR endorse CMA’s approach to business co-operation under
competition law (LexisPSL)30
The Payment Systems Regulator (PSR) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) have issued a joint statement expressing
support for the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA)’s guidance on its approach to business co-operation under
competition law, which was published on 25 March 2020.
2020/03/27 Coronavirus (COVID-19)—FCA updates guidance for lenders on mortgage holidays31
The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has updated its guidance for mortgage lenders, mortgage administrators, home
purchase providers and home purchase administrators as the coronavirus (COVID-19) situation develops. The update
concerns payment holidays and the ways lenders should set them taking into account the circumstances of the individual
case.
2020/03/28 Shareholder meetings/Insolvency: Government announces measures in light of COVID-19
On 28 March 2020, the Government issued a Press Release32 confirming further measures aimed at supporting businesses
in light of COVID-19. These include:
the introduction of legislation to enable companies to hold AGMs in a way which is consistent with the restrictions on
movement and gatherings introduced by the Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations
202033 and the Health Protection (Coronavirus Restrictions) (Wales) Regulations 202034 in England and Wales
respectively; and
amendments to the UK's insolvency framework and to the wrongful trading provisions set out in s 214 Insolvency Act
1986.
See Appendix 2 for Coronavirus Response Tracker Details from Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS).
29
“Coronavirus (COVID-19) puts squeeze on UK to delay Brexit”, Lexis PSL Banking & Finance, March 27,2020,
https://myshearman.com/services/RIS-Library/London/Documents/Coronavirus%20(COVID-
19)%20puts%20squeeze%20on%20UK%20to%20delay%20Brexit%20-%20Lex.pdf
30
“PSR and FCA respond to the CMA’s guidance on business cooperation under competition law”, Payment Systems Regulator,
March 27, 2020, http://www.psr.org.uk/psr-publications/news-announcements/PSR-and-FCA-respond-to-CMA-guidance-
on-business-cooperation-under-competition-law
31
“Mortgages and coronavirus: our guidance for firms”, Financial Conduct Authority, March 20,2020,
http://www.fca.org.uk/firms/mortgages-coronavirus-guidance-firms
32
“Press Release: Regulations temporarily suspended to fast-track supplies of PPE to NHS staff and protect companies hit by COVID-
19”, Gov.uk, March 28, 2020, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/regulations-temporarily-suspended-to-fast-track-
supplies-of-ppe-to-nhs-staff-and-protect-companies-hit-by-covid-19
33
“The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations 2020”, U.K. Legislation, March 26, 2020,
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/350/introduction/made
3434
“The Health Protection (Coronavirus Restrictions) (Wales) Regulations 2020”, U.K. Legislation, March 26, 2020,
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2020/353/introduction/made
8ASIA
INDIA
2020/03/27 Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies35
Reduce the cash reserve ratio (CRR) of all banks by 100 bps to 3.0% of net demand and time liabilities (NDTL) with effect
from the reporting fortnight beginning March 28, 2020
Widened the existing policy rate corridor from 50 bps to 65 bps. Under the new corridor, the reverse repo rate under the
liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) would be 40bps lower than the policy repo rate. The marginal standing facility (MSF)
rate would continue to be 25 bps above the policy repo rate.
MALAYSIA
2020/03/27 Additional Measures to Further Support SMEs and Individuals Affected by the COVID-19 Outbreak36
Widened the existing policy rate corridor from 50 bps to 65 bps. Under the new corridor, the reverse repo rate under the
liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) would be 40bps lower than the policy repo rate. The marginal standing facility (MSF)
rate would continue to be 25 bps above the policy repo rate.
Increase in the allocation of the All Economic Sectors (AES) Facility, from RM5.8 billion to RM6.8 billion and lowered
maximum financing rate from 8% to 7%
Creation of iTEKAD programme, a social finance programme aimed at helping build entrepreneurship capability among
B40 micro-entrepreneurs will be introduced by participating Islamic banks in collaboration with some State Islamic
Religious Councils (SIRCs) and implementation partners
Life insurers and family takaful operators will allow affected policyholders and takaful participants an option to defer the
regular premium/contribution payments due under life insurance policies and family takaful certificates for three months
without affecting the policy coverage
NEW ZEALAND
2020/03/30 Reserve Bank announces Corporate OMO and NZGB 2021 bond repurchase37
RBNZ will purchase NZ government bonds maturing 15 May 2021 for liquidity management purposes and to support
market functioning. RBNZ will hold said securities to maturity. This is not the RBNZ LSAP Program.
See Appendix 2 for Coronavirus Response Tracker Details from Yale Program on Financial Stability (YPFS).
35
“Press Release: Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies”, Reserve Bank of India, March 27, 2020,
https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx?prid=49582
36
“Press Release: Additional Measures to Further Support SMEs and Individuals Affected by the COVID-19 Outbreak”, Bank of
Negara Malaysia, https://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=en_press&pg=en_press&ac=5022
37
“Reserve Bank announces Corporate OMO and NZGB 2021 bond repurchase”, Reserve Bank of New Zealand, March 30,2020,
https://www.rbnz.govt.nz/markets-and-payments/domestic-markets/domestic-markets-media-releases/reserve-bank-
announces-corporate-omo-and-nzgb-2021-bond-repurchase
9APPENDIX 1 – U.S. STATE PENDING LEGISLATION COMPILATION
State Bill Summary Status
Alabama SR 49 Urges Congress to fund additional rental assistance due to coronavirus Adopted
Alabama SJR 40 Urges individuals to fist bump rather than shake hands Eligible for Governor
Alabama HB 186 Makes supplemental appropriations; includes an appropriation of $5,000,000 from the general fund to the Department Enacted
of Public Health to be used for coronavirus preparedness and response activities
Alabama HR 107 Urges the promotion, sharing and posting of practices to reduce the spread of infectious diseases Pending
Alabama HJR 121 Urges the Governor to expand Medicaid coverage for new mothers in response to the current COVID-19 pandemic Pending
Alabama HB 448 Relates to Medicaid; extends the postpartum coverage period for pregnant women eligible for Medicaid assistance in Pending
recognition, in part, of potential economic and health impacts of a COVID-19 outbreak
Alabama HB 447 Relates to Medicaid; extends the program to provide assistance to certain state residents in recognition, in part, of Pending
potential economic and health impacts of a COVID-19 outbreak
Alaska HB 234 Appropriates a sum of $8,500,000 to the Department of Commerce, Community, and Economic Development for Eligible for Governor
payment to municipalities impacted by commercial passenger vessel operations for responding to and mitigating the risk of a
COVID-19 outbreak. Appropriates an amount not to exceed $15,000,000 from the general fund to the Department of Health and
Social Services to respond and mitigate the risk of a COVID-19 outbreak
Alaska HB 206 Appropriates $4,091,100 from the general fund to the Department of Health and Social Services, division of public health, Enacted
emergency programs, for fiscal years 2020 and 2021 if the cost of responding to and mitigating the risk of a COVID-19 outbreak in
the state exceeds the amount appropriated through federal receipts
Alaska HB 308 Relates to unemployment benefits during a period of state or national emergency resulting from a novel coronavirus Enacted
disease (COVID-19) outbreak
Alaska HB 205 An Act making appropriations for the operating and loan program expenses of state government and for certain Pending
programs; appropriates $3.2 million to the city of Anchorage for response to COVID-19
Alaska HCR 17 Suspends a specific rule of the Uniform Rules of the Alaska Legislature, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic Pending
Alaska HB 310 Tolls deadlines for action by the Regulatory Commission of Alaska during the public health emergency declaration; Pending
relates to disconnection of utility service for nonpayment; relates to regulatory assets of a utility; relates to evictions; relates to
foreclosures
Alaska HB 311 Extends the governor’s declaration of a public health emergency Pending
Alaska HB 312 Relates to tolling deadlines for actions by state agencies; relates to income determinations for purposes of determining Pending
eligibility for certain public assistance programs; relates to forbearance from action against borrowers who owe money on state
loans; relates to a temporary moratorium on certain mortgage foreclosures, certain evictions from rental properties, and
disconnection of residential utilities
Alaska SB 241 Extends the March 11, 2020, governor's declaration of a public health disaster emergency in response to the COVID-19 Pending
pandemic; relates to the powers of the director of insurance; relates to standing orders issued by the chief medical officer;
relates to professional licensing; relates to telemedicine and telehealth; relates to board of nursing fingerprint requirements;
relates to the 2020 primary and general elections; relates to permanent fund dividend applications
Alaska SB 242 To mitigate economic harm during novel coronavirus disease outbreak, relates to tolling deadlines for actions by state Pending
agencies; income determinations for purposes of determining eligibility for certain public assistance programs; forbearance from
10action against borrowers who owe money on state loans; a temporary moratorium on certain mortgage foreclosures, certain
evictions from rental properties, and disconnection of residential utilities
Alaska HCR 20 Extends the governor’s declaration of public health disaster emergency, makes many other rule changes related to Pending
financing the response and the role of appointed officials
Alaska SB 2/HB 1001 Creates the COVID 19 Rainy Day Fund; transfers funds to the COVID 19 Rainy Day Fund; declares an emergency Pending
Alaska SCR 14 Authorizes the House of Representatives and the Senate to recess for a period of more than three days Adopted
Arizona SB 1687 Revises statutory and session law changes relating to human services necessary to implement the FY 2021 state budget. Eligible for Governor
Provisions authorize payments and reimbursements to certain healthcare providers, so that services remain covered
Arizona HB 2910 Provides for procedures regarding public school closures related to the coronavirus disease 2019; appropriating funds Eligible for Governor
Arizona SB 1694 An emergency measure that permits the Arizona Department of Economic Security (DES) to establish an alternative Eligible for Governor
unemployment insurance (UI) benefit program for people impacted by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Arizona SB 1690 Relates to budget procedures; establishes the Crisis Contingency and Safety Net Fund to be spent only following a state Eligible for Governor
of emergency declaration by the Governor and only for certain forms of economic assistance during the state of emergency
Arizona SB 1051 Relates to the Department of Health Services; appropriates $55 million from the budget stabilization fund to the public Enacted
health emergencies fund to pay the expenses of public health emergency responses following a state of emergency declaration
by the Governor related to COVID-19
Arizona SB 1028 Revises provisions related to enhanced surveillance during a state of emergency. Includes an emerging health threat as Pending
an event the Governor may issue an enhanced surveillance advisory in response to
California SB 89 Appropriates $500 million from the General Fund for purposes related to the COVID-19 Proclamation of Emergency. Enacted
Allows the appropriation to be increased in $50 million increments up to a total to not exceed $1 Billion
California SB 117 Appropriates $100 million for local education agencies to purchase protective equipment and supplies and labor related Enacted
to cleaning school sites
California SB 939 Makes it unlawful to evict the tenant of a commercial property during the COVID-19 Emergency Pending
California SB 943 Authorizes wage replacement benefits to workers who take time off work to care for a minor child whose school has Pending
been closed due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak
California AB 3216 Requires certain workforce protections related to family and medical leave due to the coronavirus Pending
Colorado HJR 1006 Concerns a request to the Supreme Court of the state of Colorado to render its opinion upon a question regarding the Adopted
length of legislative session outlined in the state Constitution
District of R 772 To declare the existence of an emergency with respect to the need to provide authority to the Executive and to address Adopted
Columbia critical needs of District residents and businesses during the current public health emergency
District of B 718 To provide, on an emergency basis, authority to the Executive and to address critical needs of District residents and Enacted
Columbia businesses during the current public health emergency including wage replacement, business relief, and additional authorities
and exemptions regarding health, public safety and consumer protection
District of B 719 To provide, on a temporary basis, authority to the Executive and to address critical needs of District residents and Pending
Columbia businesses during the current public health emergency including wage replacement, business relief, and additional authorities
and exemptions regarding health, public safety and consumer protection
Florida SR 1934 Declares the Florida State University Seminoles basketball team, by virtue of tremendous skill on the court and the heart Adopted
and spirit shown by the players and coaches this basketball season, the 2020 NCAA basketball champions by default upon
cancellation of the NCAA tournament due to concerns raised by the spread of the novel coronavirus COVID-19
Florida HB 5001 Relates to General Appropriations Act; appropriates $27,296,000 from the Federal Grants Trust Fund to the Department Eligible for Governor
of Health to spend federal dollars approved in the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act,
112020; appropriates $25,150,000 from the General Revenue Fund to the Department of health to address the coronavirus
outbreak
Georgia SR 5 Concurs with Governor Brian P. Kemp's Executive Order declaring a public health state of emergency. Adopted
Georgia HB 792 Transfers $100 million from the Revenue Shortfall Reserve to combat the spread of the coronavirus Enacted
Hawaii HR 54 Establishes the select house committee on COVID-19 economic and financial preparedness Adopted
Hawaii SR 146 Urges the Governor to create a color-coded advisory system to address the rapidly changing threat of COVID-19 Adopted
Hawaii HB 2459 Requires the department of health to conduct a study relating to the development and disbursement of vaccinations for Pending
modern disease outbreaks and procedures associated with medically authorized exemptions from mandatory vaccinations.
Allows the department of health to partner with federal partners or universities to conduct relevant research for this study.
Requires a report to the legislature.
Hawaii HB 1629 Makes appropriations from the general revenues of the State to support the Department of Health and the Department Pending
of Defense activities to detect, contain, mitigate, and respond to the coronavirus, or COVID-19
Hawaii SB 75 Appropriates a sum of $10.5 million out of the general revenues for fiscal year 2019 to the Department of Health, Pending
Department of Transportation, and the Department of Defense for the public health response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019,
or COVID-19, outbreak. Authorizes the governor to approve transfer of these appropriated funds between agencies of the state,
as necessary.
Hawaii HCR 74 & HR 57 Requests the Department of Health to prioritize the containment and control of COVID-19 to those with a high Pending
probability of contracting and dying from the virus, such as the residents of care homes, nursing homes, and adult foster homes,
their caregivers, and people with known comorbid medical conditions
Hawaii HR 64 Urges all commercial airlines operating in Hawaii to thoroughly clean and disinfect their aircraft between flights to prevent Pending
the spread of illnesses and diseases, including COVID-19
Hawaii SCR 152 Urges state and private health care networks to allow sick employees to take time off without fear of retaliation or Pending
retribution in light of COVID-19
Hawaii HCR 127 Urges the President of the United States, United States Congress, United States Department of Health and Human Pending
Services, and United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to fully support Hawaii in the screening, prevention and
containment of Covid-19
Hawaii HR 171 Strongly urging the Governor of the state of Hawaii to take additional precautions to prevent a coronavirus outbreak in Pending
Hawaii
Hawaii SCR 242 Relates to the recess of the thirtieth Legislature, regular session of 2020 Pending
Hawaii SR 166 Requests all executive branch departments and agencies to inform the Hawaii Senate and House of Representatives when Adopted
implementing their plans and procedures relating to the COVID-19 pandemic
Illinois HB 5607 Amends the Department of Public Health Powers and Duties Law of the Civil Administrative Code. Requires the Pending
Department of Public Health to conduct a study, subject to appropriations, of the state's disease response preparedness, in
particular studying the state's preparedness against the coronavirus. At the request of the Department, requires other state
agencies, in particular the Emergency Management Agency, to support the Department's efforts.
Iowa SB 2408 Relating to state and local finances by making and supplementing appropriations. Waives the instructional time Enacted
requirement for schools that close in order to prevent or contain the spread of COVID-19
Kansas HCR 5025 Ratifies and provides the continuation of the March 12, 2020, state of disaster emergency declaration for the state of Adopted
Kansas
Kansas SB 66 Appropriates $50 million from the general fund to provide for the states response to the Coronavirus pandemic Enacted
12Kansas SB 386 Appropriates $1 million to the Division of Public Health for coronavirus prevention Pending
Kentucky SR 296 A resolution honoring the teachers, classified employees, bus drivers, janitorial/custodial staff, and other individuals who Adopted
are delivering meals to Kentucky's students while schools are closed due to the coronavirus pandemic
Kentucky SB 150 In response to the coronavirus public health emergency, waives various professional and business licensing fees; provides Eligible for Governor
for unemployment benefits; provides for the Coronavrius Hotline
Kentucky SB 177 Relates to education and declaring an emergency; allows a school district to request approval for additional student Pending
attendance days under an emergency nontraditional instruction plan when the district is closed due to the state of emergency
declared by the Governor related to COVID-19
Kentucky SB 282 Requires employers to provide accrued paid sick leave to employees. Provides mechanism for employees to accrue paid Pending
sick leave; establishes guidelines for employers to calculate paid sick leave for employees; sets forth manner in which paid sick
leave can be used; creates a civil penalty for violation of provisions
Kentucky HB 356 Makes appropriations for the operations, maintenance, support, and functioning of the Judicial Branch of the Pending
government of the Commonwealth of Kentucky; authorizes, for the during of a state of emergency, the Chief Justice to declare a
judicial emergency to protect the health and safety of court employees, elected officials and the general public, and to extend
any statutory timelines and statutes of limitations for court filings
Kentucky SJR 246 Directs the Cabinet for Health and Family Services to assess Kentucky's preparedness to address the coronavirus and Pending
report to the General Assembly
Louisiana SCR 22 Requests the State Board Elementary and Secondary Education to suspend statewide standardized assessments for the Pending
2019-2020 school year due to COVID-19
Louisiana HCR 22 Urges and requests the Public Service Commission to temporarily prohibit energy and water companies from Pending
disconnecting services
Louisiana HCR 23 Suspends laws regarding legal deadlines, including prescription and preemption, in recognition of the effects of the Pending
COVID-19 outbreak
Louisiana HCR 25 Provides for the suspension of all civil prescriptive, preemptive, filing, and other deadlines in response to the COVID-19 Pending
Public Health Emergency declared by the Governor
Louisiana SB 426 Requires health insurance coverage for COVID-19 diagnostic testing Pending
Louisiana HCR 27 Provides consent for the adjournment of the 2020 Regular Session of the Legislature for a period longer than three days Adopted
to minimize the spread of COVID-19
Maine HB 1547 Permits the State Controller to transfer up to $11 million from the Reserve for General Fund Operating Capital to a Enacted
COVID-19 response refund to address funding needs related to the novel coronavirus
Maine SB 676 Directs the Department of Health and Human Services to amend certain rules to provide for reimbursement of case Enacted
management services delivered through telehealth to targeted populations; makes other changes necessary for the delivery of
telehealth services to be expanded to include case management services
Maine SB 789 Provides the Governor, on a temporary basis, with additional powers for the duration of the state of emergency declared Enacted
by the Governor due to the outbreak of COVID-19
Maine HB 1516 Makes supplemental appropriations and allocations for the expenditures of the general fund; includes one-time funding Enacted
to respond to COVID-19
Maine HB 1549 Requires a postsecondary educational institution in the State that temporarily suspends classes and requires students, Pending
staff and faculty to remain of campus due to an infectious disease, including COVID-19 to take certain actions around student
reimbursement, faculty compensation and allowing students to remain on campus
13Maryland HB 732 Relates to annual gross revenues derived from digital advertising services; provides that the sales and use tobacco tax Eligible for Governor
collected in fiscal year 2021 will be distributed, in part, to expenditure accounts of State government to fund costs associated
with COVID-19
Maryland HB 932 Relates to sales and use tax revenue; provides that the sales and use tax collected in fiscal year 2021 on the sale or use of Eligible for Governor
a digital product or code will be distributed, in part, to expenditure accounts of State government to fund costs associated with
COVID-19
Maryland SB 190 Part of a larger budget bill for fiscal year 2021. Makes a $10 million supplemental appropriation to the Department of Eligible for Governor
Health for the current fiscal year to address coronavirus preparedness expenses
Maryland SB 192 Part of the Budget Reconciliation Act; authorizes a transfer up to $100,000,000 from the Revenue Stabilization Account to Eligible for Governor
fund costs associated with COVID-19
Maryland SB 1079 Allows the Governor to transfer by budget amendment up to $50,000,000 from the Revenue Stabilization Account to Enacted
fund costs associated with the coronavirus. Requires the Governor to provide the Legislative Policy Committee with at least 7
days for review and comment before transferring funds from the Account. Makes the Act an emergency measure.
Maryland SB 1080/HB 1663 Authorizes the Governor to take certain actions in a state of emergency, including prohibiting cost-sharing by Enacted
carriers for disease testing, immunization and any associated costs; retailers from increasing the sale or rental price of any good
or service by more than 10%; and employers from terminating quarantined or isolated employees
Massachusetts HB 4502 Appropriates $95,000 for the Executive Office of Education to contain, treat and prevent the coronavirus. This bill Enacted
requires a report to the legislature by June 1, 2020, with recommendations if additional funds and action are needed
Massachusetts HB 4561 Makes appropriations for the fiscal year 2020 to provide for supplementing certain existing appropriations and for other Enacted
activities and projects. Includes a reserve of $15,000,000 to support the commonwealth’s monitoring, treatment, containment,
public awareness and prevention efforts against COVID-19
Massachusetts SB 2599 Authorizes waiver of the one week waiting period for unemployment benefits Enacted
Massachusetts SB 2608 Grants the authority to postpone 2020 municipal elections in the commonwealth and increase voting options in Enacted
response to the declaration of emergency to respond to COVID-19
Massachusetts HB 4580 Addresses challenges in town governance resulting from COVID-19 Pending
Massachusetts HB 4586 Addresses challenges faced by municipalities, school districts and state authorities resulting from COVID-19 Pending
Massachusetts SB 2602 Provides any public safety official and 1st responder, who contracts, has symptoms of, or otherwise becomes affected Pending
by the Coronavirus (COVID-19), that results in a period of hospitalization, quarantine, or require self-quarantined measures as a
result of being infected or coming into contact with someone who is infected with this virus, shall have their medical condition or
incapacity to work presumed to be work-related. Public safety official shall not be required to use sick time, vacation time, or
personal time to cover said period of incapacitation or inability to perform regular duty work.
Michigan SR 107 Urges the federal government to fund the medical costs associated with testing and mandatory hospital stays for the Adopted
novel coronavirus
Michigan SB 151 Provides supplemental appropriations for various state departments and agencies. Makes a one-time appropriation of Eligible for Governor
$25 million from the state general fund to the Coronavirus public health emergency and response fund. Federal revenues up to
$50 million authorized by and available from the federal government for the COVID-19 public health emergency are appropriated
to departments for state and local preparedness and response activities.
Michigan HB 4729 Provides for omnibus budget appropriations for the 2019-20 fiscal year; includes a sum of $125 million in one-time Eligible for Governor
appropriations from the general fund to combat the coronavirus COVID-19
Michigan HR 242 Urges the Congress of the United States and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to provide financial Pending
assistance to the state of Michigan and affected residents to address the novel coronavirus outbreak
14Michigan HB 5633 Requires insurance coverage and treatment for coronavirus Pending
Michigan HB 5631 Appropriates $10 million from the general fund to the pandemic outbreak fund within the State Treasury to pay for the Pending
costs related to the coronavirus
Michigan HB 5630 Provides for funding for the new coronavirus reporting requirements and requires Department of Health and Human Pending
Services to pay for certain costs related to coronavirus
Minnesota HF 4531 Relates to state government; provides Coronavirus response efforts; establishes a Coronavirus Minnesota fund; Eligible for Governor
modifies certain authorities; provides exemptions and extensions; modifies certain fees; eliminates refill timelines for opiate or
narcotic pain relievers; extends due date for filing property tax appeals; modifies loan programs; provides for unemployment
insurance for certain employees affected by Coronavirus; requires reports; appropriates money for Coronavirus response efforts
Minnesota SF 3813 Permits a onetime transfer by the commissioner of management and budget of $20 million from the general fund to the Enacted
public health response contingency account, for a public health response related to a potential outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 virus and
COVID-19
Minnesota SF 4334 Relates to public health; transfers $50 million for deposit in the public health response contingency account and $150 Enacted
million to the health care response fund
Minnesota HF 3532 Revises the protections of those under quarantine Pending
Minnesota HF 4415 Requires compensation for hourly employees for school days canceled due to COVID-19 during the 2019-2020 school Pending
year
Minnesota HF 4416 Requires health plan companies to cover testing, and quarantine relating to COVID-19 Pending
Minnesota SF 4425 Modifies workers’ compensation and line of duty benefits for the safety of firefighters; includes quarantine due to Pending
disease exposure related to employment as a qualifying event for workers’ compensation coverage
Minnesota SF 4200 Relates to human services, granting the commissioner of human services certain temporary emergency authority Pending
relating to COVID-19
Minnesota SF 4194 Relates to health; modifies employee protections related to isolation and quarantine provisions Pending
Minnesota SF 4450 Requests that Congress and the United States Secretary of Homeland Security extend the date for the full Pending
implementation of the Real ID Act and make related changes to federal law
Mississippi HB 1647 Authorizes local governmental entities and local school districts to grant administrative leave with pay to the employees Enacted
of those local governmental entities and local school districts in the event of certain disasters or emergencies
Missouri HR 5497 Resolves that school districts should take necessary steps to protect the health of children without fear of funding Pending
reductions or punishments for failing to meet minimum hours and school day levels during the COVID-19 pandemic
Missouri HB 2014 Appropriates $445,516 to the Office of Emergency Coordination to address coronavirus preparedness and response Pending
Nebraska LB 1198 Authorizes the State Treasurer to transfer $83,619,600 from the Cash Reserve Fund to the Governor's Emergency Cash Enacted
fund, which will then be transferred to the Military Department for aid, related to COVID-19, in carrying out the goals for the
Governor's Emergency Program
New Jersey ACR 165 Urges Department of Human Services to apply for federal waivers to facilitate and increase access to SNAP benefits Adopted
during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak
New Jersey AJR 158 Urges Federal Communications Commission to take temporary measures to secure broadband access for those affected Enacted
by COVID-19
New Jersey AB 3840 Requires school districts to provide school meals or meal vouchers to students eligible for free and reduced price school Enacted
meals during school closures due to COVID-19 epidemic
15New Jersey AB 3843 Requires health insurance and Medicaid coverage for testing of coronavirus disease 2019 and for telemedicine and Enacted
telehealth during coronavirus disease 2019 state of emergency
New Jersey AB 3845 Authorizes Economic Development Authority to make grants during periods of emergency declared by Governor and for Enacted
duration of economic disruptions due to emergency; allows Economic Development Authority to grant certain business
documentation submission deadline extensions
New Jersey AB 3848 Concerns time off from work in connection with infectious disease Enacted
New Jersey AB 3860 Establishes certain requirements to use telemedicine and telehealth to respond to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Enacted
New Jersey AB 3854 Authorizes all licensed health care facilities and laboratories to collect specimens to test for coronavirus disease 2019 Enacted
(COVID-19); allows waiver of staffing ratio requirements
New Jersey AB 3865 Limits the return of items purchased from retail food stores during a state of emergency declared in response to COVID- Enacted
19
New Jersey AR 146 Encourages licensed hospitals statewide to construct pre triage tends outside of their buildings Pending
New Jersey AR 148 Urges United States Congress to allow the Secretary of Agriculture to implement Pandemic Supplemental Nutrition Pending
Assistance Program
New Jersey AJR 160 Supports Chinese and Asian American communities and international partners during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic Pending
New Jersey SR 63 Urges financial institutions to provide forbearance for mortgage borrower during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic Pending
New Jersey AB 3839 Makes supplemental appropriation of up to $20 million from General Fund to Department of Education to support Pending
school facility cleaning and sanitization
New Jersey AB 3841 Automatically extends time to file gross income tax or corporation business tax return if federal government extends Pending
filing or payment due date for federal returns
New Jersey AB 3844 Concerns business interruption insurance during coronavirus disease 2019 state of emergency Pending
New Jersey SB 2307 Establishes sales tax credit and sales tax holiday for portion of state of emergency related to COVID-19 pandemic Pending
New Jersey SB 2234 Requires insurance coverage for testing and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 Pending
New Jersey SB 2233 Requires Medicaid coverage for testing and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 Pending
New Jersey AB 3847 Provides paid leave without utilizing accumulated leave time for local government employees under certain Pending
circumstances
New Jersey AB 3856 Makes FY 2020 supplemental appropriation of $10 million for healthcare and residential facility sanitation due to Pending
coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak
New Jersey ACR 167 Urges Congress to pass Families First Coronavirus Response Act Pending
New Jersey ACR 168 Urges the federal government to extend "Real ID Act of 2005" deadline Pending
New Jersey AB 3846 Creates the Temporary Lost Wage Unemployment Program; allows persons to claim for lost wages due to coronavirus Pending
disease 2019, and employers to pay wages to workers ordered under quarantine by licensed healthcare practitioner;
appropriates a certain amount
New Jersey AB 3878 Prohibits electric, gas, or water public utility service discontinuances to residential customers during certain epidemics Pending
New York SB 7919 Temporarily expands the definition of disaster in state law to include disease outbreak and permits the Governor to Enacted
issue any directive necessary to respond to a state disaster emergency. Makes an appropriation of $40 million from the State
Purposes Account of the General Fund for responding to the outbreak of coronavirus disease
New York SB 8091 Provides provisions for certain employee benefits when such employee is subject to a mandatory or precautionary order Enacted
of quarantine or isolation due to COVID-19
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