Communication AUTUMN 2018 - New Zealand Speech-language Therapists ...
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Editorial – R. Lucas van Ryn editor@speechtherapy.org.nz contents 01 EDITORIAL 02 PRESIDENT’S REPORT 03 AAC MORNING TEA I imagine 2018 has been off to a busy start for most of you. forward—this isn’t just about new technology, but awareness 04 INNOVATION AND THE IDDSI Us speechies are always busy with promoting what we do, too. The Speech-language Therapists at the Ministry of 05 IDDSI: FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS getting involved in national campaigns, research and innovation, Education in Tai Tokerau came up with an exciting way to share and trying out new things—not to mention our caseloads! their knowledge about AAC (p. 3). They brought a range of 06 ELIZABETH DYKSTRA, 1962 – 2018 I was saddened earlier this March to hear of the death of communication systems to morning tea with their non-Speech- 07 GAYLE PORTER WORKSHOP REVIEW Stephen Hawking. Most famous as a theoretical physicist and language Therapist colleagues, who had to request something 08 GIVING VOICE: NEXT STEPS cosmologist, Hawking was also a disability rights activist, as to eat using the AAC method of their choice! 09 READY, STEADY, EAT well as an AAC user himself: Continuing with the food theme, the team at Pure Food have 10 COMMUNICATION STORIES I want to use my high profile to raise awareness of issues been working hard to update their menu of texture-modified around disability and communication. Recently, my meals to meet the new IDDSI standards (p. 4). Your questions 11 RAPID SYLLABLE TRANSITION THERAPY communication system broke down for three days, and I about the IDDSI implementation are answered on p. 5. 12 CAROLINE BOWEN WORKSHOP REVIEW was shocked by how powerless I felt. I want to speak up Speech-language Therapist Emma Nahna recently 12 STROBOSCOPY STUDY DAY for people who live their whole lives in that state. My hope implemented Rapid Syllable Transition therapy with a client 13 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: BLADES is that the kinds of technologies I have trialed and helped (p. 11). It’s very different to other therapies for motor speech develop will become easily and cheaply available to all who disorders and requires a lot less preparation—certainly a reason 14-20 EXECUTIVE COUNCIL REPORTS need them. to try it out! His absence will be felt by many. The NZSTA’s national and international campaigns Cover photo: AAC morning tea (p. 3). Photo credit: Tanya Jondahl. Another searing loss for the world of AAC is the passing of continue—see p. 8 for how to get involved in Giving Voice Elizabeth Dykstra, AAC pioneer, Regional Manager at the TalkLink Aotearoa. Geneva Hakaraia-Tino is now our ambassador for this Trust, and mentor to many. An obituary for Liz appears on p. 6. campaign, as well as being recipient of an Attitude award last Despite these losses, the field of AAC continues to move year. Congratulations, Geneva! COMMUNICATION MATTERS IS PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER USING VEGETABLE-BASED INKS 1
President’s Report AAC Morning Tea Philippa Friary WORDS: AMANDA MULLER, VICTORIA LONGWORTH, FRANCES WALLER, BEVERLEY JACKSON, SHARON COLLIER, CHRISTINA TRITSCHER, LINDA KING, MICHAELA HUTCHINSON, AND SUANNA SMITH, SPEECH-LANGUAGE THERAPY, president@speechtherapy.org.nz MINISTRY OF EDUCATION IN TAI TOKERAU. KIA ORA KOUTOU, Learning through personal experience by the willingness of our team to step I was slightly confused.” I trust you have all had some time off over and Jodi will provide further detail on to run a conference together in Brisbane. is a powerful and vital way of increasing outside their comfort zone and put “Attentive communication partners really summer and have started 2018 feeling this in her report. Thank you all for Some of you will remember the 2008 our understanding. The Speech-language themselves in the shoes of our clients. helped.” refreshed and focused on your year your feedback. Also in Anna’s report, conference that we ran together in which Therapy team working with the Ministry There was lots of laughter, people We also received feedback that ahead. learn about the IDDSI project and Speech Pathology Australia came to of Education based in Tai Tokerau had helping each other out, and sharing their this was a really clever way to convey The Executive Council had its first how New Zealand is leading the way New Zealand. It’s time for us to visit our been wanting to create an opportunity successes, and everyone (eventually) did the message that communication is hui for the year in early March. I wish to internationally—thanks to Anna and her neighbours. Plans are well underway to share assistive communication with get something to eat and drink! important, and surprise that there is inform you all about some key projects project team for their tireless work. for this great event. We are also having our colleagues, as it’s an integral part of We collected people’s feedback such a wide range of resources available happening within the NZSTA. You can We continue to represent you all on conversations with the New Zealand our role, and communication is a core at the end of morning tea time, asking for supporting successful non-verbal read more about these projects in the the International Communication Project Audiological Society around co-hosting human right. Giving Voice gave us that about the various communication communication. Another comment was Executive Council members’ reports in and are all currently focusing on planning a conference in 2020. Start planning opportunity, and it was fantastic! modes, their feelings about the that some modes were faster than others, this issue of Communication Matters. a Side Event during one of the United your abstracts now. We will enjoy We arranged with our managers for experience, their perceived success as evidenced by our colleague who finally Read up on Giving Voice Aotearoa Nations events for the celebration of the catching up between these conferences us to bring morning tea for our All Teams’ / frustration level, and what helped or managed to communicate they wanted on p. 5. We are continuing to develop 70th anniversary of the signing of the at our local Professional Development Day. As well as some yummy food and hindered them in achieving their goal of ginger slice when there were only three relationships with non-government Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Symposia—refer to Claire’s report (p. 20) drinks, we brought along a range of AAC having something to eat and drink: pieces left–thanks for sticking with it! organisations and to have conversations Disabilities. This would bring visibility to to hear more about our symposium in options: “I felt empowered because I was Two further acknowledgments: around communication access and communication being seen as a human Dunedin this year. • Touch Chat on iPads understood.” • Congratulations to our colleague who our national aim for a communication right and the great work that Speech- Before I sign off, I want to share one • Coreboards (77) with food fringes “I felt frustrated with the lack of finger-spelled their whole request, accessible country. language Therapists do every day. of my words of the year with you all. I • Makaton key word cards specificity of the choices.” relying on their previous learning! Ngā mihi to all those members Hear more about He Kete was sitting in Auckland traffic listening • A switch “Having nice people actively trying to • To the person who provided all their (and non-members) who completed the Whanaungatanga and how you can be to Radio New Zealand earlier this year • Talking tins with pre-recorded understand how I felt and what I wanted, feedback in visual form, drawing opinion poll around the registration/self- involved by reading Renee’s report and a psychologist was talking about messages really helped.” little diagrams next to our written regulation debate. Thank you to Clare (p. 19) and also on the NZSTA website. grit. She said that grit is what we need • Photos and pictures with single words “It was frustrating trying to find how to questions—well done for your creative McCann and Anna Miles for all the hours The work being carried out by Renee and today. She said this is a combination of printed underneath, in both te reo communicate what I wanted.” non-verbal communication! of work they have put into this project He Kete Whanaungatanga continues to focus, passion, and resilience. Focus on Māori and English “I felt challenged.” We were really pleased for this and the over 500 people who had their develop our cultural responsiveness as your vision or goal, a drive or love for this Staff were encouraged to explore the “I felt awkward.” opportunity and for our colleagues’ say. We will be updating members on our an association. work, and the ability to keep getting up modes, choose one, and then come to “I felt excited.” willingness to join in. We look forward next steps following further liaison with While we continue to look ahead to while keeping yourself well. An apt word the food and drinks station to use AAC “Already having a personal connection to continuing to help people experience employers and the ministries. Anna’s the IALP Congress in Auckland in 2022, for us all for the year ahead. to request morning tea. After a hesitant helped, as did having good visuals.” communication success, highlighting report (p. 18) will update you on this we have some great collaborative events beginning, we were really impressed “It took time to convey what I wanted, as the importance of communication to topic. We are continuing to incorporate between now and then. In 2019, we are Mauri ora—be well, education and wellbeing. your feedback from the member survey joining with Speech Pathology Australia Philippa 2 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 3
Innovation and The IDDSI International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative: WORDS: PURE FOOD CO. Frequently Asked Questions WORDS: ANNA MILES, NZSTA EXPERT ADVISER, ADULT DYSPHAGIA The Pure Food Co. started in 2014 with uniform and compliant textures to their the mission of providing people the customers, every time food is plated. nutrition they want and need through Recent and upcoming changes include: Congratulations to everyone for is slightly thicker than water. It has been considered Level 7: Regular Food. a delicious range of fortified, texture • Packaging changes to reflect the your work adopting the IDDSI so far. added to the IDDSI primarily for this However, some centres are modified foods. Their savouries, desserts, IDDSI symbols and requirements. Implementation is going well across the purpose. However, there may be some experimenting with soaking sandwiches and snacks are provided to people in • Adjustments to textures and country and the goal is for full adoption occasions where you wish to slightly and cutting them into 1.5 cm squares. If the community, as well as to aged care viscosities to ensure optimum texture by the end of 2018. Here are answers to thicken a drink and use this label. your adapted moist sandwich meets the (both networks and independents). By the in the new IDDSI world. some questions that we have received so particle size testing (adult 1.5 cm x 1.5 end of 2018, Pure Food plans to be the • Further enhancing and targeting far this year: Question: How do I test a supermarket- cm) and pressure testing (see http://iddsi. provider of choice for texture modified natural nutrition in the food. bought fruit smoothie to check if it’s org/framework/food-testing-methods/ or meals in every public hospital in New • Stabilising to reduce any liquid appropriate for my adult disability centre? https://is.gd/9FhDie), you may be able to Zealand except Waikato & Canterbury. Pure Food, fortified and stable with no need for ‘purge’, and so food can be molded Answer: The IDDSI makes testing shop- serve sandwiches at your centre. New Zealand is entering an exciting thickeners. straight out of the tub—this is the bought items easy. You do not need to stage—the implementation phase of the way food is going, particularly in aged always buy specially thickened drinks. If Question: Can I recommend risotto and IDDSI—which will see a move towards care. your client has a favourite smoothie, you orzo to my patient on a Level 5: Minced- stronger, more recognised guidelines Pure Food’s team of experts, including can test it using the 10 ml slip tip syringe Moist diet? Or only if they are on a level around food and beverage texture Renee Taylor of Swallow & Speech test (see http://iddsi.org/framework/drink- 6: Soft diet? modification in New Zealand. This means Therapy Consultants and Kaye Dennison, testing-methods/ or https://is.gd/ejuXZ6). Answer: Yes, these foods can be greater awareness in health and aged NZRD, enjoy any chance to chat to fellow The same approach can be used accepted for a Level 5: Minced-Moist care of the importance of getting it right, speechies. If you want to chat, or request to assess soups in your food service. diet as long as they meet the testing and a greater drive towards compliance. samples for your team or your aged care Remember, thicker fluids (Levels 3 & 4) standards for Particle Size (adult 4 mm As part of this, the team at Pure Food is customers, get in touch at http://www. can be tested using the Fork Drip Test or lump size) and the Fork Pressure Test busily innovating and adapting to ensure thepurefoodco.co.nz/! Spoon Tilt Test. and Spoon Tilt Test or Fork Drip Test for it can continue to provide the most Nana Pat enjoying a delicious fortified meal of Pure Foods. Question: I don’t have Level 1: Slightly this level. This is usually possible if they Thick drinks in my hospital. I’ve never Question: We have sandwiches with are prepared in a sauce and cooked used them before. Do I need to start? moist fillings on our soft diet menu adequately. Answer: No, the IDDSI framework currently. Is this still okay? doesn’t stipulate what you use with Answer: Bread products are a challenge, If you have further questions as you which patient. It purely provides you with and clinicians have often found the need continue implementation, please use the THE CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE AT WAITEMATA DISTRICT HEALTH BOARD IS LOOKING FOR standards to meet should you wish to to ask for a ‘soft diet without bread’ fabulous resources on the IDDSI website EXPRESSIONS OF INTEREST FOR THE IT TAKES TWO TO TALK HANEN COURSE IN SEPTEMBER 2018 use a drink type. Level 1: Slightly Thick under the old standards. Bread has (http://iddsi.org/) and IDDSI app, or AT WAITAKERE HOSPITAL, AUCKLAND. PLEASE EMAIL KRISTI.EXLEY@WAITEMATADHB.GOVT.NZ TO drinks match commercially prepared been shown to be a common cause of contact me at newzealand@iddsi.org. BE ADDED TO THE LIST OF POTENTIAL ATTENDEES. anti-regurgitation infant formula, which choking across the world and is usually I am happy to help. 4 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 5
Elizabeth Dykstra (Messina), Colleague, Mentor, Boss, and Friend, September 26, 1962 – January 21, 2018 Gayle Porter PODD Workshop Review WORDS: ROSANNA TILYARD, SENIOR CLINICIAN, THE TALKLINK TRUST; ANN SMAILL, WORDS: AMANDA ROBERTON, OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST, THE TALKLINK TRUST GENERAL MANAGER, TALKLINK TRUST; MOLLY KALLESEN, TEAM LEADER, SPEECH- LANGUAGE THERAPY, CAPITAL AND COAST DISTRICT HEALTH BOARD; AND JULIE PLOURDE, SPEECH LANGUAGE THERAPIST, THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND A number of us at TalkLink were lucky enough to attend the two day introductory Sadly, the NZSTA lost one of its AAC pioneers at the beginning make to her into a self-deprecating joke. PODD course presented by Gayle Porter. Being an Occupational Therapist who is of 2018. Liz was a Manager and Speech-language Therapist “Liz made things happen, she was very much an action relatively new to the field of AAC, my only experience with PODD was from supporting who had been working at The TalkLink Trust since 2000. She person. She established the Auckland SLT department that we students as a teacher aide. With Gayle’s many years of experience, coupled with her was instrumental in establishing services in the lower North know today—she represented SLTs at wider hospital meetings passionate approach, it was hard to not feel inspired. Island region, and her commitment to the TalkLink team and to and enhanced our profession’s profile—not only on the medical Over the two days, we covered topics such as the features of PODD, aided her clients was inspirational. / neuro wards—she advocated for patients to be seen on all language stimulation, vocabulary selection, alternative access to PODD, providing Liz’s career as a Speech-language Therapist began with wards. She was very consultative and used a collaborative opportunities for expressive communication, and much more. While most of the work at a school clinic in Hastings as a new graduate. She then approach with her team.” content was more relevant for my Speech-language Therapist colleagues, I gained moved to Hastings Memorial Hospital, where her interest in Throughout her time at TalkLink, Liz would take time at the a much greater understanding of how PODD uses the pragmatic pathways to working with adults began. She also worked at Auckland City end of an assessment to ask a new community therapist how communicate ideas. Hospital, for the Orewa Community Health team, and, from they were going in a challenging role, offering resources and We all learned a lot over the two day course, but a big take home message was 2016, split her time between continuing her management role clinical advice. using the AARCH Communication Framework to identify how the communication tool at the TalkLink Trust and working at Wellington Hospital. This Liz has nurtured many therapists and helped to develop supports the individual in the following areas: split provided the opportunity for Liz to undertake more direct their skills in functional communication, empathy, seeing the • Autonomy therapy to support people with head and neck cancer, an area bigger picture, and, most importantly, work-life balance. Liz • Accessibility Amanda with two PODD books. • Requirements of particular interest for her. made a job that was often challenging seem fun, and her team Liz was an active member of the NZSTA and the Assistive often had sore cheeks from laughing at her outrageous sense of • Competence Technology Alliance of New Zealand, and her organisational humour. Liz was an ally who could always be relied upon. The • Habits skills were put to great use as a conference convenor on more magnitude of the widespread feeling of loss is truly a testament Another key message was the importance of creating communication autonomy, than one occasion. to how amazing she was, and how sorely she will be missed. where an individual is, “able to say what I want to say, to whoever I want to say it to, Messages of condolence have been overwhelming, Wellington Hospital staff appreciated Liz’s hard work whenever I want to say it, however I choose to say it.” and showed that to many Speech-language Therapists and and incredible dedication to her patients. She was extremely As on Occupational Therapist, I was particularly interested in the alternative Occupational Therapists she was much more than just the empathetic when working with individuals with cancer, even access methods used with PODD. We were lucky enough to see a number of videos TalkLink Lower North Island Manager. She was a mentor, a when undergoing treatment herself. Her hospital colleagues miss of children with complex access issues using alternative access methods. The videos guide, and someone to look up to as an outstanding role model. her constant smile and listening ear. Liz will be irreplaceable. showed the same children over a number of years and how their communication She was a friend, supportive under any circumstance. When telling one Speech-language Therapist her cancer systems developed from low-tech, paper based systems to high-tech devices. Having Stories have been shared about how Liz always went the was terminal, Liz said, “to have done a job where you can make the opportunity to see these videos really highlighted how developing a reliable access extra mile to help others. a difference to one person’s life in a positive way, in the end method at a young age for access to a robust language system can support creating Colleagues from her time at Auckland Hospital recall means a huge amount, it’s all you can ask.” autonomous communicators. working with Liz while she was Clinical Manager, leading a We are lucky to have been amongst the hundreds of people team of ten therapists: “I remember Liz as being an extremely that Liz made a difference to, and stand with you all in our understanding manager, she was so supportive and so so heartbreak that Liz is gone so soon. humble and would invariably turn a positive comment we would 6 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 7
Giving Voice Aotearoa: Next steps Ready, Steady, Eat: • The SOS Steps to Eating: how to introduce new foods and increase the variety of foods their child is eating. Workshops for Parents and Caregivers As we head into 2018, Giving Voice motivates me to lead a successful life and for People with Disabilities. No one left Parent feedback is collected regularly. Following one Aotearoa is well into its second year. In prove to people that I am just like anyone behind . . . unfortunately, sometimes of Children with Feeding Difficulties workshop, we received the following feedback: our first year, we focused on ‘Finding else regardless of having a disability,” she those without a voice are at risk of being • All parents or carers reported that their children were doing WORDS: EMMA DARBY, CARLY SKINNER, AND EMMA GREEN, our Voice’ via workshops with members says. left behind. better with their eating two months after the workshop. SPEECH LANGUAGE THERAPISTS, CHILD DEVELOPMENT and Speech-language Therapists Geneva has athetoid cerebral palsy What we need you to do • All children were eating more foods two months after the SERVICE, STARSHIP COMMUNITY, AUCKLAND DHB to hear their stories, their clients’ which impacts her verbal capacity and The theme for our members is: ‘Speech- workshop, with one child improving from seven foods to 20 PHOTO: ZOE GARRETT stories, their successes, and their physical movement. Despite this, she language Therapy—making a critical foods. frustrations. This led us to deciding on has recently completed a Bachelor of difference’. Let’s highlight all we do • All parents or carers found the workshop beneficial. Starship Community Child Development Service (previously a theme that encompassed all people Communications degree at AUT and is for those with communication and • All of the parents or carers learnt some strategies to the Child Development Team) is a community allied health affected by Communication Disability: studying Te Reo Māori. swallowing needs. implement at home. team providing intervention for children with disabilities Communication Access. Throughout “It is not until people find out what • How accessible is your community? As a result of the workshops, Starship Community is now able and developmental delays. Starship Community runs 2017, we built our resources and I’m doing with my life that their attitudes Complete the Communication Access to provide feeding intervention to a greater number of children multidisciplinary feeding therapy groups based on the knowledge around Communication change and they realise there is really checklist for your workplace, or for a and families who may not have otherwise met our criteria for Sequential Oral Sensory (SOS) Approach to Feeding (Toomey Access, looked to international nothing wrong with my mental capability.” community venue—library, doctor’s multidisciplinary feeding input. We continue to run workshops & Ross, 2011). However, these groups are not suitable for all organisations who are developing To find out more about Geneva and practice, café—help them to be more regularly, and hope to be able to offer them to a wider children with feeding difficulties who are referred to the team. standards around this, such as Scope her story, you may read http://www. Communication Accessible. population of children with feeding difficulties in the Auckland For example, children are required to sit at the table for up to Australia and their Communication maoritelevision.com/news/latest-news/ • Nominate individuals or organisations DHB community in the future. 45 minutes and imitate others; not all children are able to do Access symbol. We created the theme geneva-hakaraia-tino-speaks-non-verbal- for a Communication Access Award! this. As a result, we have developed the Ready, Steady, Eat Reference of ‘Communication Access—Easy As’ new-zealanders (or https://is.gd/ofPjL1). More information is on our webpage: parent workshop designed to provide practical strategies and Toomey, K. A., & Ross, E. S. (2011). SOS approach to feeding. Perspectives on and came up with a set of principles Along the way, we have discovered https://speechtherapy.org.nz/about- information to a wider group of clients. Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia), 20(3), 82-87. for the NZSTA based on data collected that, apart from Speech-language slt/giving-voice-2/ (or https://is.gd/ Parents and caregivers of children of all ages who have from service users and the work done Therapists, people are not aware of OaexEr). feeding difficulties and are seen by Starship Community are internationally. what we mean by Communication • Showcase client stories. Contact local eligible to attend. However, the workshop content focuses We were thrilled that Geneva Access. Our next step is to build closer media or email communications@ mainly on children under five years of age. The workshop Hakaraia-Tino agreed to be our networks with organisations for people speechtherapy.org.nz to get in touch consists of one three-hour session, run two to three times a Ambassador for this work. As a young with disabilities such as the Access with a journalist. year, alternating between daytime and evening. It is facilitated woman with cerebral palsy and an AAC Alliance and People First NZ – Ngā • Join our Week of Action this this year by a Speech-language Therapist, an Occupational Therapist, user, she was the supreme award winner Tāngata Tuatahi. We feel this is important from September 16 to 22. a Dietitian, and a Clinical Psychologist. Parents complete at the annual Attitude awards in 2017. in ensuring that the wider disability • Join your local working group. There questionnaires prior to attending the workshop so that the Māori Television reported that network has an understanding of what are groups in Auckland, Wellington, content can be tailored towards their main concerns. There are Geneva is speaking up for non-verbal Communication Access is and how it can Christchurch, and Dunedin. also opportunities for parents to contribute to discussion. New Zealanders and helping them find be implemented. We want to ensure that • Hold an event: a movie night, silent their voice. any legislation around accessibility gets it morning tea, modified diet tasting, or The workshop content includes: “As a non-verbal, many people often right about communication. a quiz night. • Background information: why children develop feeding The Ready, Steady, Eat team at the 2017 Auckland DHB Health Excellence make the assumption that I must be Communication is core to ensuring • Be creative. If you have an idea or difficulties, including medical factors, temperament, and the Awards (finalists for the Excellence in Community Health and Wellbeing mentally disabled so it creates a barrier the success of any government policy or wish to promote a certain topic, Award and the Chief Executive’s Award). From left to right: Louise Van Dorp, role of anxiety. Laura Petitt, Carly Skinner, Emma Darby, Roberta Wardrop, Sarika Coetzee, for them to feel comfortable enough to code of rights, and overarches all articles please get in touch; we would love • Preparing for mealtimes: including sensory strategies, Barbara Amadio, Vanessa Wiig, Emma Green, Marion Doherty, and Vicky have a conversation with me. This really of the United Nations Code of Rights your involvement! seating, and the mealtime environment. Taylor. Not pictured: Anastacia Kirilo, Linda Chard. 8 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 9
Communication Stories Apraxia Therapy features of childhood apraxia of speech simultaneously: accurate sequencing Advances: Rapid Syllable and production of phonemes (sounds), Transition Therapy prosody / syllable stress (beats), and timing / fluency—linking syllables WORDS: SERENA STOCK, EDWINA BURKE, AND BILLIE HAMPTON EDWARDS, SPEECH-LANGUAGE THERAPY TEAM, TAURANGA SPECIAL SCHOOL WORDS: EMMA NAHNA, SPEECH- seamlessly (smoothness). This is LANGUAGE THERAPIST, TALK TREE done by teaching and practicing 20 SPEECH & LANGUAGE THERAPY nonsense words with carefully selected Up to 90% of people with learning disabilities have new people she met. In her Communication Story, the student phonemes and syllable structure, Emma and William during a ReST therapy session. communication difficulties, and about half have substantial revealed herself as someone fun and full of life, compared to Childhood apraxia of speech is notoriously using a very specific type of feedback. difficulties with both expressing themselves and understanding the withdrawn shadow of herself she would present in formal or difficult to treat, and I was excited to Nonsense words (such as “borgifee” and what others say. stressful situations, such as a visit to her Paediatrician. discover Rapid Syllable Transition (ReST) “tegooner”) avoid drawing on previously but found the sessions flew by and were Communication passports and communication dictionaries Excited by the impact this had, we extended the trial to therapy, which has been developed by stored erroneous motor patterns. Transfer enjoyable. are very useful for many of our clients. However, it can be a tall include other students at our school. We found that using videos Associate Professor Tricia McCabe and to general speech is monitored through a William was very motivated by trying order to gain insight into a person’s special character and get as introductions was effective. The video could be a short colleagues at the University of Sydney list of untreated real words. to beat his high scores and working that connection with them from just quickly reading about them. snippet on a mum’s phone; or other communication supports (McCabe, Thomas, Murray, Crocco, & towards moving up a level (using Often, important people in our lives, such as doctors, new could be used to record this window into their world. Madill, 2017). ReST can also be used to Sessions are structured as follows: ‘gamification’ was a great tip from the teachers, or caregivers would make a connection so much more Often when the young person sees their Communication treat children with ataxic dysarthria. 1. Training Phase: 15–20 minutes, where ReST FAQ). We did most of his sessions quickly and with long standing benefits if they could just see our Story being viewed, they become more engaged. The sharing This evidence-based intervention is you establish accurate production of five via video using Zoom—I was able to clients as they are at home, with their family, with their pets, and of, ‘this is the real me and you can see me,’ can be a powerful very different to any others that Speech- nonsense words, using all your Speech- easily screen-share the therapy materials. having fun! tool, and one we will continue to use. It has proven to be a good language Therapists have used to treat language therapy tricks (traditional William moved from producing Here at Tauranga Special School, our families often basis on which to begin warm and genuine interactions with our motor-speech disorders in the past. The therapy). 40/100 target nonsense words correctly expressed frustration that, when attending appointments, clients. Speech Pathology Team at the University 2. Practice Phase: 30–40 minutes in five in the first session to between 77 and their children suddenly go into withdrawal mode. Our Speech- We are keen to tell others about using Communication of Sydney have created an amazing blocks, where all 20 words are practised 88/100 near the end. There was definite language Therapy team discussed how our students could Stories for sharing information and supporting communication. training website (http://sydney.edu.au/ once each in random order, separated generalisation and his intelligibility really best be supported if people didn’t ‘know’ them and therefore We would also like to find out what experiences other Speech- health-sciences/rest/index.shtml or by two-minute breaks. Feedback is improved. He received lots of positive appreciate their needs. language Therapists have using video clips in addition https://is.gd/7xTsBC), launched in 2017, simply, ‘Yes, that’s correct,’ or ‘No, that’s feedback from family and friends. While communication passports and personal dictionaries to communication passports or dictionaries. Watching a with a detailed therapy manual, video not right,’ (or similar wording), and you After the initial preparation (several are valuable, people often don’t have the time or skills to Communication Story instead of reading information can examples, and editable therapy resources give feedback less often as the session hours studying the manual and the understand them. We wanted a way to quickly show what a quickly help a new communication partner understand how to to download and print. So far, six progresses. website, then around two hours to prepare person is really like, and so began a trial of using short videos change their communication style to support the client. The treatment studies have been published No home practice is required. It the materials), there was zero preparation to introduce our students. We call these videos Communication Communication Story itself creates opportunities for positive showing good efficacy. was too difficult to train parents, they time for each session, and almost no Stories. communication. Indeed, we hope that the right Communication ReST therapy uses the principles didn’t enjoy it, and extra practice was write-up time, as all data are recorded as We began the trial, and recorded a two minute video of one Story may be one more tool in helping to show a person’s of motor learning (neuroplasticity), and unnecessary to achieve change. you work through the session. of our students in her own environment, while she was relaxed sparkle and personality rather than seeing them trapped in their is delivered intensively: Twelve 1-hour ReST has been tested via Telehealth I’d really encourage you to learn an and comfortable. This gave a huge difference in perspective to disability. sessions over three or six weeks. In and is as effective as face-to-face. effective new intervention, and give ReST the studies, all treated children made I tried out ReST therapy late last a try. progress; however, those who received year with the wonderful William. He is 15 more intensive therapy over three weeks years old, a bright, engaging young man Reference continued to improve for a further four with severe dyslexia, dysgraphia, and McCabe, P., Thomas, D., Murray, E., Crocco, L., & Madill, C. (2017). Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment - ReST. months with no extra therapy. childhood apraxia of speech. We both Retrieved from http://sydney.edu.au/health-sciences/rest/ The goal is to treat the three core expected the therapy to be hard work, 10 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 11
Caroline Bowen Workshop Review STROBOSCOPY INTERPRETATION Professional Development Event: STUDY DAY WORDS: LESLEY DOBBS, SPEECH AND LANGUAGE MATTERS; AND ASHLEIGH NEUMANN, CANTERBURY SPEECH • Saturday 5 May 2018, 9.00am – 5.00pm • Auckland University, Tamaki Campus Building, BLADES – Adding Meaning and Interaction to Language Therapy for 2-5 Year Olds AND LANGUAGE THERAPY 730 Merton Road, Tamaki, Auckland, New Zealand We were excited to attend the Evidence-based Intervention for • Cost: $55.00 Children with Speech Sound Disorders workshop in Auckland, • Registrations close Midnight, Saturday, presented by Caroline Bowen, and organised by Voon Pang of April 21, 2018 Skill Builders Speech Language Therapy. Many Speech-language This study day is for Otolaryngologists and Therapists have heard of Caroline Bowen, and have discovered Skill Builders Speech Language Therapy is excited to be groups as well as home / school programs have been developed Speech-language Therapists working in the fields her wealth of resources available online. She is a Speech-language bringing Mellanie Sherwood’s two-day BLADES workshop to as a result of the age of acquisition data from BLADES. Mellanie of voice and laryngology. Therapist living in Australia and has an impressive list of qualifications New Zealand this August. This will be Mellanie’s first trip to New has used BLADES with children who are beyond the two-word with over 40 years clinical experience. You can learn more about her Zealand, and follows on from her sold out BLADES workshops combination stage and children who are too old for Hanen Guest speakers: Jacqui Allen, David Vokes, and find her resources at http://www.speech-language-therapy.com/ in Melbourne and Sydney. strategies. Anna Miles, and Carlene Perris. We were excited by the opportunity to meet Caroline and hear BLADES is based on the Bristol Language Development The BLADES workshop will provide Speech-language her speak in person. We were even more excited to find out that she Scales developed by Gutfreund, Harrison, and Wells in 1989. Therapists with a framework for targeting language goals in Participants will be able to: is New Zealand born! The workshop was attended by 50 Speech- These scales developed as a result of a powerful study the semantic, pragmatic, and grammatical domains. It will • Demonstrate in-depth knowledge of the language Therapists from both the North and South Islands, and from completed in England in the late 1970s. The researchers also provide clinicians with practical strategies on what to anatomy and physiology of voice production. a range of sectors, including the Ministry of Education and private followed 120 children (sampled across socioeconomic groups) do and where to go next when working with pre-schoolers • Describe the benefits of rigid, flexible, and practice. It was a great opportunity to meet and get to know other from 18 months of age to 5 years and recorded and transcribed with moderate to severe language disorders. The majority of stroboscopic examinations. Speech-language Therapists, and put faces to the names we often snippets of spontaneous conversation occurring in the child’s the workshop will be on therapeutic issues: Five stages of • Identify the features of a normal stroboscopic see on email lists and Facebook pages. home. The children involved wore miniature radio transmitters intervention are presented, along with suggested goals and study. A lot of information was covered, as Caroline presented her and data were analysed across syntactic, semantic, and strategies for each stage. Video clips of children in therapy at • Critically reason about patient management usually two-day workshop over one day. It was great to have a pragmatic domains. Initially, the researchers published the each stage will be shown. Suggestions as to how this can be based on stroboscopic findings. refresher of our current knowledge language scales as a profiling tool, with ten levels. Each level used to plan informal assessments will be discussed. • Use a validated interpretation tool to guide of speech sound disorders, and showed the median age of acquisition of various semantic, The workshop will be held in Auckland on Monday, evaluation of stroboscopic images. Caroline’s presentation strengthened pragmatic, and grammatical skills. However, at the time, the August 20 and Tuesday, August 21, 2018. Registrations for There will be an opportunity for a hands on our understanding of all areas scales were unpopular with clinicians due to the amount of the workshop are now open, and interested Speech-language practical session. of evidence-based intervention. time needed to transcribe and complete the profile form, and Therapists are encouraged to register early to avoid missing out! Following the workshop, we subsequently went out of print. Please contact Voon Pang at voon@skillbuildersslt.com or visit Sponsored by Olympus, Medipak, and discussed how we planned to use the Since the early 2000s, Mellanie and her colleagues at the http://www.skillbuildersslt.com/training to register or for event Kay-Pentax. information to reconsider intervention State Child Development Centre in Perth have used BLADES to information. Limited places so register early to avoid for some of our more complex clients. inform language therapy. Direct intervention and parent training disappointment. We were so appreciative of the take- For more information, or to register, home resources that were provided, please see: http://www.lsanz.org.au/read/512/ and we know this workshop will be so stroboscopy-interpretation-study-day.html beneficial to our practice. (or https://is.gd/xstK6K) Caroline Bowen. 12 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 13
Annette Rotherham – Communications communications@speechtherapy.org.nz KIA ORA KOUTOU, I hope everyone is getting themselves into the swing of 2018 seriously, if you have ideas for ways to improve the themes and therapy: Making a critical difference.” We hope to get a series of their workplace success, their own research, and how they and that the year has started well for you all. A hot topic at the content of Communication Matters, do be in contact with our short video clips made to use for this purpose. are making a critical difference to the lives of New Zealanders. end of 2017 was the membership survey. We thank all those Editor, Rouan. We are also forming closer networks with Disabled Persons’ If members contribute with an international focus then that is who completed the survey, which was heaps of you! We have In terms of the website: On a positive note, one member Organisations and we want to consult more widely with these most welcome. We rely on our members to contribute to the had to take some time to look at the information, categorise it, reported “The website is MUCH improved and appears more groups on the concept of Communication Accessibility, and how magazine and we are rarely short of articles, so a huge thank and work out what direction it sends us. In general, we were professional and a FAR better representation of who we are . . .” we can ensure the proposed accessibility legislation gets it right. you to all those who share your success stories, get the word really happy to see many contented members with constructive People are still finding navigation difficult—yes, it is a large We still want to see you following our Facebook page for the out there, and contribute. And a huge thank you to Rouan, our feedback and well thought out responses to how the association website. We have really worked hard on improving the search NZSTA, which has many updates about Giving Voice Aotearoa. editor, who collates a wide variety of content each quarter that can best meet their needs. (I also am still chuckling over some function, so I would suggest you start there. We have fed back There is also a page on our website dedicated to information provides the breadth and depth of this publication. (Haven’t of the more memorable comments, such as this one in relation to the Web designers all the comments about the CPD log and resources. Don’t forget about our Communication Access seen a kitten story yet mind!) to Communication Matters: “I must say that I don’t tend to read functionality, font, and colours, and we will aim to get some awards. See the website for more details. I’m looking forward to another exciting year for our it. I find it a bit small time and like the cat that had kittens on more photos up this year too. We hope you keep providing us Lastly, feedback in terms of this publication, Communication association and to seeing you at upcoming events. the 6 o’clock news.”) So here’s something for that member! But with info if you are having difficulty so we can get things sorted Matters: The hot topic is about paper versus digital. We see the for you quickly. paper copy as a great form of marketing for our association: It Ngā mihi nui, We also had feedback about Giving Voice Aotearoa. I want can be left on coffee tables, at school staff rooms, or doctor’s Annette to take this opportunity to thank the 2017 Champions around clinics to really showcase what our profession is up to. It is also the country who formed working groups and provided so much a membership benefit, but if you really want to opt out, then do assistance, direction, and enthusiasm for the campaign. We let us know. In terms of print publications, we print around 750 can’t get action on the ground without the voluntary hours we copies each issue, which is very small in the scheme of things. It all put in. I have taken on board people’s thoughts and ideas is printed on recycled paper with vegetable-based inks. around what we should focus on for 2018. Our strategic group We had some feedback about including more international have met and we have some excellent plans to work on. information in Communication Matters. My thought about this There will be a week of action in September where we want is that this is our NZSTA magazine, with contributions from to showcase the work of our profession. “Speech-language Speech-language Therapists working in New Zealand—sharing 14 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 15
Jodi White – Member Networks membernetworks@speechtherapy.org.nz KIA ORA KOUTOU, There were many comments regarding the website and QUERIES AND RESPONSES Query: Is there any plan to have a separate Web page or This has been a busy quarter for member activities. We specifically the CPD page. We will continue to review the Query: Some members expressed disappointment that the Facebook page for Giving Voice Aotearoa? have continued to review the results of the member survey functionality of the page, but many comments and issues raised joint conference with SPA means that now there will only be a Response: No, we don’t have any plans to make these undertaken last year. Here is a summary of some of the themes by members could be resolved by looking at the information conference in NZ every 4 years. This is a long time, particularly separate. We will continue to post items on Facebook and that arose. included in the CPD section of the website. Questions were for a new grad. Will scholarships for travel to Australia be Twitter under the NZSTA handle. There were a number of comments around area meetings asked about the content of Communication Matters and the available? And will people be able to watch the conference and how these are fulfilling the needs of members. You types of articles we include. We are committed to providing online? Query: There were a number of concerns raised around will have noticed a few changes in the most recent area New Zealand content and stories of New Zealand Speech- Response: The 2019 conference in Brisbane is a one-off event possible unethical practices and training institutions. meetings. These aimed to reflect the request to increase language Therapists. International content can be found in the that we are undertaking for a couple of reasons. Firstly, we Response: Unfortunately, we are unable to police member engagement. These meetings will be a work in journal that is also provided as part of your NZSTA membership. are reciprocating a favour that Speech Pathology Australia organisations and businesses that are not advertising NZSTA progress while we trial different formats and more members’ Below are the most recent member queries that came out did for the NZSTA in 2008 by coming to New Zealand for a endorsement. We are continuing to look at the options based ideas. The summer meetings were also the first time we of the Spring area meetings, with Executive Council responses joint conference. Secondly, we need to ensure that we are on the Registration / Regulation opinion poll in terms of what we used Zoom videoconferencing services exclusively rather included. Please also check out our website ready to host the major IALP conference in 2022 so this is a could do in the future. than teleconference. I am interested to receive feedback as (http://speechtherapy.org.nz) to access the national collated great opportunity to prepare. There are no plans to change to how the meetings went and how well members felt able minutes (these are not emailed out). If you would like a copy of conferences to every four years; however, the next four years Query: Concerns were raised about information that was to participate. We may look at trying to break each area into your area meeting minutes, please contact your local Area Rep. are slightly unusual because of IALP. The plan for the coming broadcast on the Si and Gary radio show. smaller hubs for meetings so that more people can attend and years is as follows: Response: Nobody on the EC heard this radio programme, but feel that their voices can be heard. Ngā mihi, 2018 - Professional Development Symposium in Dunedin we would be happy for those who are aware of the content to Jodi 2019 - Joint SPA and NZSTA conference in Brisbane follow up with the radio station. 2020 - Joint conference in New Zealand between NZSTA and the New Zealand Audiological Society RESOURCE ROOM ASSESSMENTS: 2021 - Professional Development Symposium As previously noted, we are no longer able to rent out the formal 2022 - IALP conference assessments we own. We are considering donating these to charitable groups and are investigating this further. 16 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 17
Anna Miles – Renee Taylor – Professional Standards Māori and Cultural Development professionalstandards@speechtherapy.org.nz culturaldevelopment@speechtherapy.org.nz I’d like to cover two topics that I have been working on in this The NZSTA Executive Committee is now approaching TENA KOUTOU EVERYONE, that I have noticed while processing this and cultural responsiveness are being update. government representatives (across health and education) to Welcome to 2018! I hope that everyone information have been: acknowledged and incorporated into the explore all possible options within the current Government. has had a good start to the year. It’s been • A request / need for more visibility in planning processes. This is a work in REGISTRATION / REGULATION These options will be collated and discussed with key a steady few months in regards to the terms of what work goes on within progress, so I will keep you updated as it Thank you everyone who participated in the opinion poll. We employers of Speech-language Therapists prior to any further Māori and Cultural Development Portfolio. this portfolio and within the He Kete unfolds. had a great 562 responses (62% NZSTA members, 10% student decisions being made. We continue to have our quarterly He Whanaungatanga discussions. members, 1% retired / life members and 27% non-members). Kete Whanaungatanga meetings where • A request for more professional Ngā mihi nui, As you can see from the pie chart, only 22% of respondents INTERNATIONAL DYSPHAGIA DIET past, present, and future ideas and development related to Te Tiriti o Renee Taylor are happy with status quo. While 43% of respondents were keen STANDARDISATION INITIATIVE issues are discussed as a collective. Waitangi and cultural responsiveness. for the NZSTA to pursue registration through the HPCA Act, Thank you to all members who have supported the 2018 I’ve been doing a bit of travel to the • More information and action around the 35% believed the NZSTA should pursue either self-regulation implementation of the IDDSI so far. We are hearing great beautiful Whakatane recently and have recruitment, support, and retention for EQUITY CORNER with mandatory membership or investigate another registered stories of successful implementation across food producers, had the pleasure of catching up with two Māori Speech-language Therapists and body. of our He Kete Whanaungatanga group students before, during, and after study. Inequity is unfair, unjust, and food service providers, hospitals, residential care facilities, members—Chrissy Douglas and Fiona We appreciate all of your comments immoral. As a Speech-language and special schools. We are encouraging Speech-language Dominick—over coffee at the Whakatane and will be working towards a set of Therapist, what are you doing Therapists (along with their dietitian colleagues) to support the hospital where they both work. It was so actions from them to help address the about it? Let us know at food industry wherever possible, with menu audits to ensure full nice to be able to chat face to face and issues and suggestions. Another topic culturaldevelopment@speechtherapy. implementation is in place by the end of the year. discuss some of the issues for Māori that came up frequently was that of our org.nz. Please continue to use the new terminology in both verbal communication and written documentation. There will be in the area and what ideas are brewing Te Reo translation and interpretation of handouts for each diet and drink type available by the end of to help bridge the gaps. Are there any Speech-language Therapy. I understand March. Don’t forget that all standards and testing methods are projects or ideas being discussed in your that this conversation has been opened available on the IDDSI website (http://iddsi.org/) and app. areas to help bridge the equity gaps? If and is being worked on already. I invite you have any ideas and suggestions, or you again to let me know what wording See also p. 5 for answers to your questions about the IDDSI. would like to join / contribute to He Kete is currently used at your workplace and Whanaungatanga, we’d love to hear from if you have had any suggestions around Anna Miles you! Naku te rourou nau te rourou ka new concepts and wording for a new Te Pursue registration through HPCA Act Self-regulation with mandatory ora ai te iwi—With your basket and my Reo interpretation. EQUALITY EQUITY Investigate registration through another Status Quo basket the people will live. I’ve recently been selected to be Registered body I’ve spent some time collating the part of the Brisbane 2019 Conference Image credit: Angus Maguire / Interaction information gathered from the recent Planning Committee. In this role, I am Institute for Social Change. NZSTA survey. Some of the main themes working towards ensuring equity issues 18 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 19
Contact Details Claire Winward – Language Pathology programme. She has published several papers in research EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Professional Development journals and spoken at conferences, both national and international, on the topic President Communications Philippa Friary Annette Rotherham president@speechtherapy.org.nz communications@speechtherapy.org.nz professionaldevelopment@speechtherapy.org.nz of child language. Her current research Member Networks Jodi White membernetworks@speechtherapy.org.nz focuses on building an evidence base Professional Development Claire Winward professionaldevelopment@speechtherapy.org.nz for collaborative work between Speech- Professional Standards Anna Miles professionalstandards@speechtherapy.org.nz language Therapists and Teachers in Maori and Cultural Development Renee Taylor culturaldevelopment@speechtherapy.org.nz KIA ORA KOUTOU, specialist paediatric Speech-language the classroom in New Zealand, and to I’m pleased to introduce our four new Therapist with a clinical caseload, and as explore clinical use of quality and quantity AREA REPRESENTATIVES Expert Advisers: a clinical educator for Masters students measures of linguistic input. Northland Lucy Schumacher ar.northland@speechtherapy.org.nz at the University of Auckland. Liz has Two of our current Expert Advisers Auckland Fern Maxwell ar.auckland@speechtherapy.org.nz Traumatic Brain Injury – many research articles and conference have agreed to continue for a further Waikato / Bay of Plenty Annabelle Blue ar.waikato.bop@speechtherapy.org.nz Maegan VanSolkema presentations to her name, including three year period: Anna Miles for Adult Central Elisa Mynen ar.central@speechtherapy.org.nz Maegan has been working in the area being the keynote speaker at the 2017 Dysphagia and Fiona Hewerdine for Wellington / Nelson Claire-Ellen Roberts ar.wellington@speechtherapy.org.nz of TBI for over 10 years, and currently New Zealand Audiological Society Annual Neurodegenerative Conditions and Canterbury / Westland Kate Cook & Ruth Ramsay ar.canterbury@speechtherapy.org.nz holds the position of senior Speech- Conference. Palliative Care. Otago / Southland Kathryn Palmer ar.otago.southland@speechtherapy.org.nz language Therapist at ABI Rehabilitation Megan has worked with children who You can contact any of our Expert in Auckland. During her time at ABI, have a hearing loss for the past 5 and STUDENT BODY REPRESENTATIVES Advisers for advice at any time. Check she has led multiple projects that have a half years, and currently works at the the website for details. Canterbury University Olivia Rozbicki & Charis Siow sr.canterbury@speechtherapy.org.nz changed the practice of acquired brain Southern Cochlear Implant Programme. I’m excited to welcome these new Massey University (Albany) Brianna Oosterbroek, Jennifer Fleming, sr.massey@speechtherapy.org.nz injury rehabilitation in New Zealand. She SCIP covers a wide geographical area advisers to our ever growing band and & Jacqui Morgan already provides supervision to Speech- (the South Island and half of the North am delighted they have agreed to take the Auckland University Kate McGraw & Nicole Liley sr.auckland@speechtherapy.org.nz language Therapists in this area, as well Island—50% of the New Zealand time to support NZSTA members over the NATIONAL PRIVATE PRACTITIONER MEMBERS’ REPRESENTATIVE as facilitating professional development population) and therefore already has a lot next three years. I look forward to hearing opportunities. Maegan is also studying of professional discussion with therapists Bridget McArthur privatepractice@speechtherapy.org.nz more from them over the next few months! for her PhD, exploring the role and regarding hearing loss and communication I would also like to take this OTHER CONTACTS remediation of attentional difficulties on development. She has been an integral opportunity to thank our outgoing Expert communication skills in adults post TBI. part of the SCIP team for a number of their Advisers: Selena Donaldson, Catherine Administrator ONZL Limited research papers and pilot programmes. Tel +64 9 475 0214 admin@speechtherapy.org.nz Epps, and Lydia Evans. I know many of Speech, Language and Hearing Hearing Impairment and Cochlear you will have benefited from their advice Journal of the APSSLH, HKAST and NZSTA Editor: Mike Robb michael.robb@canterbury.ac.nz Implants – Liz Fairgray and Megan Child Language – Jayne Newbury over the last three years and will join me Members’ Affairs and Issues Administrator Claire Linthwaite membersaffairs@speechtherapy.org.nz Chinnery Jayne has worked in the area of child in thanking them for their support and Inventory of SLT Resources for borrowing sltresources@hotmail.com Liz has twenty years of experience language for over 10 years, as both a willingness to share their expertise. Kia NZSTA Website Address www.speechtherapy.org.nz working with children who have cochlear Speech-language Therapist and a Lead ora rawa atu. NZSTA Email Address admin@speechtherapy.org.nz implants. She was the founding therapist Practitioner for the Ministry of Education. Hapaitia te ara tika pumau ai te NZSTA Postal Address NZSTA, PO Box 302469, North Harbour, Auckland 0751, New Zealand of The Hearing House in 1999, and in She has since gained a PhD in the area rangatiratanga mo nga uri whakatipu. NZSTA Physical Address ONZL Limited, Level 1, Building C, 14-22 Triton Drive, Albany 0632, New Zealand 2002 she became the first New Zealander of child language, and currently teaches to become a certified Auditory Verbal applied child language for the University Noho ora mai, Winter Issue 2018 – June 18, 2018 SUBMISSION DEADLINES FOR COMMUNICATION MATTERS Therapist. She currently works as a of Canterbury Bachelor of Speech and Claire editor@speechtherapy.org.nz 20 COMMUNICATION MATTERS ISSUE 30 21
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