CHEMICALS KNOWLEDGE HUB - CPHI
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com INSIDE ... ● Life Sciences Focus ● Catalysis Chemicals ● Topical Products ● Cosmetics Knowledge ● Digital Technology Hub ● Distribution Connecting industry across the globe ● Automotive Industry ● Water Treatment ● Contract Services Summer 2020 www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Summer 2020 1
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Azelis expands its global presence into Latin America Azelis is thrilled to announce the acquisition of Megafarma, Mexico’s premier specialty distributor for the pharma, food and veterinary industries. The addition of Megafarma into the Azelis global Megafarma, headquartered network strengthens our commitment to our valued in Mexico City, with offices in principals and customers across Latin America, and Guadalajara and Monterrey, is complementary to our strategy of sustainable represents some of the world’s organic growth. The transaction also creates a most renowned raw material platform to build other market segments in Mexico, producers and serves a large such as plastics, foam, CASE, personal care, and number of customers throughout household & industrial cleaning. all regions of Mexico. visit azelis.com/americas megafarma.com.mx 2 Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Contents Welcome .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Events Events Calendar 2020 ......................................................................................................................................................... 4-5 Industry News .......................................................................................................................................................... 6-14 Life Sciences Focus: Drug Discovery ................................................................................ 16-17 6 Gene editing and gene modulation technologies support drug discovery Life Sciences Focus: Drug Development ...................................................................... 18-19 Adopting a phase-appropriate approach to solid-state pharmaceutical chemistry Life Sciences Focus: Drug Delivery .............................................................................................. 20 The growing field of nanoencapsulation in pharmaceutical and cosmetics applications Life Sciences Focus: Process Development .................................................................... 22 16 Continuous manufacturing and the personalized medicine revolution Life Sciences Focus: Biotherapeutics......................................................................................... 24 Avacta Group: in the forefront in the fight against coronavirus Life Sciences Focus: Supply Chain Management ................................................... 26 Managing the triple threat - how Life Sciences can build pandemic-ready supply chains Catalysis ................................................................................................................................................................................ 28 22 Biocatalysis – How secret should it be? The case for homogeneous ester hydrogenation Topical Products ......................................................................................................................................................... 33 Topical drug formulation: the challenges and new solutions Cosmetics ............................................................................................................................................................................ 36 Eigenmann & Veronelli - Creating value for customers in chemical manufacture and distribution for more than 100 years 24 Hi-tech cosmetics products and services give an individual look Capturing the essence of Africa Digital Technology .................................................................................................................................................. 42 Building resilience with the digital twin Distribution ....................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Azelis: innovative service provider on a global basis Automotive Industry ............................................................................................................................................ 47 33 Let’s drive forward to the future Water Treatment ....................................................................................................................................................... 50 Ozone and oxygen for sustainable odour and corrosion control Contract Services .................................................................................................................................................... 55 Outsourcing as a key to success Guidelines ............................................................................................................................................................................ 56 36 Do you have something to say? Summer 2020 1
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Providing chemistry expertise to bring your therapeutics to life Scientifically led and commercially minded, we are your dependable and trusted partner for innovation. We develop perfect-for-purpose chemistry solutions from lead optimisation through to product launch and life-cycle management. This enables our customers to create affordable, best-in-class small molecule therapeutics in an economically and environmentally sustainable way. Discover more catsci.com l Get in touch enquiries@catsci.com 2 Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Editorial elcome to the Summer 2020 issue of Chemicals such faith in us throughout this year. Our W Knowledge Hub. In this issue we have a strong focus on life sciences which is in anticipation of our new life sciences section. We are also editorial contributors, our advertisers, our readers and our partners – thank you all for helping us to be such a rapid delighted to bring you some great articles on pharmaceuticals success in the speciality chemicals and cosmetics, as well as our regular sections on distribution, communication arena. So please do water treatment and some insights into the automotive stay with us, keep reading our news and industry. articles, and let’s see together what a I’m delighted to announce the launch of CKH TV, the one- thrilling future our industry will bring”. stop-shop for industry interviews and insights. This is your platform to showcase your products, services and expertise to the industry. This unique video content platform is the best place to be seen and see what’s hot in the chemicals industry! Publishing Director I want to thank most sincerely everyone who has shown Chemicals Knowledge Hub (Global) PUBLISHING DIRECTOR Ellie Bruni Don’t miss the Autumn T: +44 (0) 7872 516194 E: ellie.bruni@ckhglobal.org ADVERTISING 2020 issue of CKH Kenneth Carroll T: +1 (610) 745-1426 E: ken.carroll@ckhglobal.org Tom Scanlan T:+1 (847) 624-8925 E:tom.scanlan@ckhglobal.org Nadia Liefsoens T: +32475593196 E:nadia@fivemedia.be EDITORIAL CONTACT Please send your news and suggestions for feature articles to the editorial team at Editor@ckhglobal.org Chemicals Knowledge Hub is published by BIBO Publishing SL Av. Diagonal, 409, 1St Floor, 08008, Barcelona, Spain Disclaimer BIBO Publishing SL will not be held responsible or liable for errors or omissions supplied or contained in this publication, although due care and attention are taken to ensure all content is accurate at the time of going to press. Speciality World Media Ltd also will not be held responsible for any false claims made by advertisers, or in articles contributed by external authors. The views and opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the Editor or BIBO Publishing SL. Copyright EDITORIAL: IAL Elli Ellie B Brunii The contents of this publication are copyright © BIBO Publishing SL T: +44 (0) 7872 516194 E: ellie.bruni@ckhglobal.org 2020. No part of this publication can be reproduced or transmitted in ADVERTISING: Kenneth Carroll any form without the express permission of the publisher. T: +1 (610) 745-1426 E: ken.carroll@ckhglobal.org ISSN 2516-4481 Tom Scanlan T: +1 (847) 624-8925 E: tom.scanlan@ckhglobal.org Nadia Liefsoens T: +32 475 593196 E: nadia@fivemedia.be Summer 2020 3
Events www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Events Calendar 2020 CPhI Korea in-cosmetics Asia Bio Integrates 26-28 August 2020 NEW DATES! 3-5 November 2020 VIRTUAL EVENT! Seoul, Korea Bangkok, Thailand 16 November 2020 www.cphi.com/korea/ https://asia.in-cosmetics.com www.lifescienceintegrates.com Adhesive and Bonding Expo CPhI South East Asia Pharma Integrates VIRTUAL EVENT! 4-6 November 2020 NEW DATES! VIRTUAL EVENT! 28 August 2020 Muang Thong Thani, Thailand 17 November 2020 www.adhesivesandbondingexpo.com www.cphi.com/sea www.lifescienceintegrates.com TIDES USA Oligonucleotide & In cosmetics formulation summit CPhI india Peptide Therapeutics 25-27 November 2020 11-12 November 2020 VIRTUAL EVENT! Delhi, India London, United Kingdom 15-18 September 2020 https://www.cphi.com/india/ https://informaconnect.com/tides/ TIDES EUROPE: Oligonucleotide & Peptide CPhI China Festival of Pharma VIRTUAL EVENT! 16-18 December 2020 VIRTUAL EVENT! 10-13 November 2020 Shanghai, China 16 October 2020 https://informaconnect.com/ tides-europe/ www.cphi.com/china MedTech Integrates Chemspec Europe APAC Biopolymer Summit 2020 VIRTUAL EVENT! 11-12 November 2020 NEW DATES! 16 – 17 September 2020 15 October 2020 Cologne, Germany Kuala Lumpur, www.lifescienceintegrates.com www.chemspeceurope.com Malaysia 4 Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Events Speciality & Custom CPhI Japan in-cosmetics Korea Chemicals America 14-16 April 2021 NEW DATES! 14-16 July 2021 9-11 February 2021 Osaka, Japan Coex, Seoul, South Korea Fort Worth, USA www.cphi.com/japan https://korea.in-cosmetics.com www.chemicalsamerica.com/ CPhI North America Speciality & Agro DCAT Week 2021 April 20-22, 2021 NEW DATES! Chemicals America 22-25 March 2021 Philadelphia, USA 29 June-1 July 2021 New York, www.cphi.com/northamerica Charleston, USA USA www.chemicalsamerica.com https://dcatweek.org/ Interphex in-cosmetics Latin America 20-22 APRIL 2021 NEW DATES! 22-23 September 2021 CPhI middle east NEW DATES! New York City, USA 24-25 March 2021 Sau Paulo, Brasil www.interphex.com/ Riyadh, https://latinamerica.in-cosmetics.com Saudi Arabia BIO International Convention CPhI worldwide www.cphi.com/mea June 14-17, 2021 Autumn 2021 Boston, USA in-cosmetics global https://www.cphi.com/Europe https://www.bio.org 13-15 April 2021 NEW DATES! Barcelona, For more information about these and other events in the Spain speciality chemicals industry, visit www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com/events www.in-cosmetics.com/global/ Summer 2020 5
Industry News www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Cambrex increases flexible manufacturing capacity at Karlskoga facility S-headquartered Bjarne Sandberg, Managing U pharmaceutical CDMO Cambrex is investing $3.6 million at its Karlskoga, Sweden facility to increase flexible drug substance manufacturing Director, Cambrex Karlskoga. “This investment, as with others made by Cambrex across our global network, is in line with the company strategy of ensuring that the assets we capacity. The work, which will can offer customers allow for the convert a previously customer- most cost-effective and efficient dedicated manufacturing train, will manufacturing.” include an additional production line Cambrex’s site in Karlskoga at 6 cubic metre scale being added employs more than 400 people and at the site resulting in a 25 per cent features a wide range of flexible Cambrex: investing in added flexible manufacturing capacity at its capacity increase at the facility. manufacturing facilities, including Karlskoga facility in Sweden. Engineering work for the four cGMP pilot plants and five full- expansion has already commenced new holding tanks and a 4 square quality European and US partners, scale commercial production units. at the facility and is expected to be metre Hastelloy Rosemund filter. so we must ensure capacity is In 2019, a new 600 sqare metre completed by November this year. “We are seeing continued both flexible and available to be process and analytical development The work involves modification growth in commercial-scale API in a position to react quickly and facility was added to the site, along of an existing four-reactor manufacturing, and an ongoing effectively to customers’ changing with a 3,000 square metre logistics configuration and the installation of trend for customers favouring high- requirements,” commented centre. Piramal Pharma Solutions acquires solid dose facility from G&W Laboratories Inc Piramal Enterprises Limited’s Pharma capabilities in solid oral dosage Solutions (PPS) has entered into an forms were all located in the UK agreement with G&W Laboratories and India. The Sellersville site Inc. to acquire G&W’s solid oral can also produce liquids, creams, dosage drug product manufacturing and ointments, further expanding facility in Sellersville, Pennsylvania. the PPS portfolio and the site Under the agreement, PEL, through also can support product and BASF working toward circularity one of its affiliates, would acquire at process development for solid oral closing a 100 per cent stake in the dosage and oral liquids, including in recycling of mattresses entity that operates the facility and immediate release, modified BASF has developed a chemical new ground and responding to owns the related real estate. release, chewable and sublingual recycling process for used the raised expectations regarding The acquisition will add solid oral solid oral dosage forms, solutions mattresses and is starting sustainability of the foam and dosage form capabilities in North and suspensions in liquids. The site pilot tests at the company’s mattress industry as well as those America to PPS’s manufacturing has received certifications from the Schwarzheide site in Brandenburg, of consumers and that this is an portfolio: until now, the company’s FDA and the EMA. Germany. The materials from old important step to possibly re-enter mattresses are to be recycled post-consumer waste back into in such a way that they can be product lifecycles. used for the production of new BASF’s process breaks mattresses. “The target is to down the flexible polyurethane recover the raw materials with a and delivers the initially used quality comparable to that of non- polyol. From there the company recycled/virgin raw materials”, said can produce new foam with Shankara Keelapandal, Business a significantly lower carbon Management Isocyanates Europe. footprint, because fewer fossil The company says it is breaking resources are used. G&W Laboratories’ Sellersville, Pennsylvania facility in the US will shortly be acquired by Piramal Pharma. 6 Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Global experts in nanotechnology and drug particle engineering Nanoform is an innovative nanoparticle medicine enabling company that works with pharma and biotech partners to enhance drug effectiveness and targeting. Nanoform’s Controlled Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (CESS ) technology produces ® nanoformed™ API particles with increased dissolution rates and improved bioavailability. Before nanoforming™ After nanoforming™ See what small can do for you We help drugs reach their full therapeutic potential by increasing the active surface area of API particles. CESS® NanoformingTM produces uniform and stable nanoparticles, initiating an era of novel drug development and delivery applications that will transform the healthcare sector. 40 μm 5 μm Contact Nanoform to unlock the potential of your molecules nanoform.com @NanoformF info@nanoform.com Nanoform +358 29 370 0150 nanoform small is powerful Summer 2020 7
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com VIRTUAL Events Online 6FLHQWLȴF8SGDWHGHOLYHUVFRQIHUHQFHVDQGWUDLQLQJFRXUVHVIRULQGXVWULDO FKHPLVWVDQGFKHPLFDOHQJLQHHUVLQFKHPLFDOGHYHORSPHQWVFDOHXSDQGPDQ\ RWKHUVSHFLDOLVWWRSLFVLQRUJDQLFFKHPLVWU\ WEBINARS ONLINE WEBINARS: VIRTUAL CONFERENCES CONFERENCES Upcoming Webinars for industrial organic chemists on OUR EXPERTISE COMING SOON the following topics: While we are unable to travel to > PROCESS ANALYTICAL CRYSTALLISATION IN THE SALT-COCRYSTAL hear the latest updates from our TECHNOLOGIES CONTINUUM: A TALE OF TWO MORPHOLOGIES industry – we plan to provide highly Sept 21-22, 2020 focussed industrial conferences > THE SCALE UP OF $XJ - 15:00 (BST), 16.00 (CEST), 10.00 (EDT), 7.00 (PDT) online with industrial case studies, CHEMICAL PROCESSES virtual exhibitions and focussed SYNTHETIC ORGANIC ELECTROCHEMISTRY: BASIC ‘discussion sessions’. Please contact Oct 19-20, 2020 CONCEPTS AND SCALE-UP us to present your work. 6HSW - 15:00 (BST), 16.00 (CEST), 10.00 (EDT), 7.00 (PDT) ONLINE NEW TRAINING ONLINE TRAINING :HRHUYLUWXDOWUDLQLQJFRXUVHVIRULQGXVWULDORUJDQLF “Webinar organised chemists on the following topics: superbly, presentation great, really well attended (570 at one point) and judging by PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT OF IMPURITIES the quantity and quality of AND DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE AND questions it’s generated a lot of interest. It’s been a really great COMPREHENSIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES event to be involved in”. /KDVD/WG September 22 - 30, 2020 | ONLINE Dr Andrew Teasdale SECRETS OF BATCH PROCESS SCALE UP Sept 28 – Oct 2, 2020 | ONLINE Francis X. McConville LIVE TRAINING LIVE Events LIVE CONFERENCES LIVE Events We’re still hoping to be able to resume our normal conference operations DESIGN OF UNDERSTANDING towards the end of the year and into 2021. Here are our planned events EXPERIMENTS FOR POLYMORPHISM & so far. CHEMISTS AND CRYSTALLIZATION ENGINEERS ISSUES IN THE ORGANIC PROCESS MEDICINAL & &RORJQH*HUPDQ\ PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH & BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY Oct 5 - 6, 2020 INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT &RORUDGR86$ Jan 31 - Feb 4, 2021 6DQ)UDQFLVFR86$ %DVHO6ZLW]HUODQG Oct 7-9, 2020 Dec 9-11, 2020 %DUFHORQD6SDLQ 1HZ2UOHDQV86$ Oct 21-23, 2020 Mar 9-11, 2021 CHEMICAL DEVELOPMENT & SCALE-UP IN THE FINE CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES 6DQ)UDQFLVFR86$ Oct 12-14, 2020 VISIT OUR WEBSITE TO BOOK AND 1LFH)UDQFH Oct 27-29, 2020 CHECK ALL AVAILABILITY 8 ZZZVFLHQWLȴFXSGDWHFRPLQIR#VFLHQWLȴFXSGDWHFRP Visit ZZZVFLHQWLȴFXSGDWHFRP, Summer 2020 VFLHQWLȴFXSGDWHFRP, or phone +44 (0) 1435 873062 email VFLXS#VFLHQWLȴFXSGDWHFRP,
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Industry News LANXESS increasing its use Catalent expands beauty and plant- of recycled raw materials for based consumer health Softgel thermoplastics and composites capabilities in Canada and Brazil Delivery technologies specialist plant-based softgel technologies peciality chemicals HPM’s primary target for Catalent has completed a $3.2 growing by more than 25% globally S company LANXESS is increasingly making use of recycled raw materials in the production of its thermoplastic compounds and composites the three new compounds is the automotive industry. “For instance, Durethan ECOBKV60XF offers exceptional strength and rigidity, which makes it suitable million expansion programme at its consumer health manufacturing facilities in Strathroy, Canada and Sorocaba, Brazil. The expansion projects include new softgel in recent years,” commented Dr Aris Gennadios, President, Softgel & Oral Technologies, Catalent. “Additionally, Brazil has grown to become the world’s fourth-largest with the company’s Durethan for manufacturing structural encapsulation lines at each site, market for beauty care products. ECOBKV30H2.0, ECOBKV35H2.0 components such as front ends, dedicated to Catalent’s proprietary While we have been supplying the and ECOBKV60XF products as the pedal bearing brackets and A-, B- Vegicaps® plant-based capsule North and Latin American markets most recent examples of product and C-pillars, as well as lightweight and CosmoPod® twist-off capsule with plant-based softgel capsules manufacturing being performed battery trays for electric vehicles,” technologies. The company from our manufacturing sites in in line with this strategy. Recycled explains Margraf. says the increased capacity will Italy and Germany, this investment fibres manufactured from waste HPM is going to be gradually enable it to support its customers allows us to provide local glass make up 30%, 35% and increasing the number of in North and Latin America to supply solutions to markets that 60% by weight respectively of ECO product types certified in develop products for consumers complement existing capabilities in these three new polyamide 6 accordance with Ecocycle’s mass seeking all-natural and plant- Europe.” compounds and independent balance method and is planning based vitamins, minerals and Catalent’s 110,000 square- inspection company Ecocycle has to launch a new polyamide 6 with supplements using its Vegicaps foot facility in Strathroy, Ontario, awarded LANXESS an ecoloop a glass fibre content of 30% and capsule; and support those and its 124,600 square-foot certificate in accordance with ISO a reduced carbon footprint. The customers looking for innovative, facility in Sorocaba, Brazil, both 14021:2016. The glass comes caprolactam required to produce easy-to-use, unit-dose beauty care offer a broad range of integrated from waste left over from glass this more environmentally friendly products through its CosmoPod formulation, manufacturing, and fibre production. polyamide 6 is based on a selection technology. packaging services to provide full- “We want to help make the of petrochemical raw materials “We have seen increased service turnkey solutions for the switch from a throw-away society that support this aim. HPM is not consumer demand for greater pharmaceutical, consumer health, to a circular economy,” stated Dr currently using waste glass fibres product choice, with sales of and beauty industries. Guenter Margraf, global product from end-of-life components, but manager at LANXESS’s High does view them as a particularly Performance Materials (HPM) sustainable raw material for Almac Group launches Tempod business unit. “Our goal is to make use in manufacturing new glass more and more of our plastic fibres. “Using waste glass cuts 1000 to improve clinical site products sustainable so that we can make our growth less dependent on down on the use of resources as well, because it saves glass raw temperature data management the consumption of finite resources, materials,” says Margraf. “It also Almac Clinical Services has due to disruptions caused by the improve our carbon footprint and means there’s no need to dispose launched Tempod® 1000 as part of global pandemic. The Tempod protect the environment,”. of the waste glass.” the company’s site compliance and 1000 automates the process by temperature management offering. continually recording temperature Tempod 1000 is a USB device that data for drug products stored at captures and stores all clinical site clinical sites, providing sponsors and temperature data and automatically CRAs with full, remote visibility to identifies unreported excursions ensure quality and integrity of the once uploaded into Almac’s drug product. TempEZ Web-based temperature Almac Clinical Services says management software. Designed to that, in addition, Tempod 1000 will remove the administrative burden of reduce the risk of missed patient updating manual temperature logs, it visits due to unreported excursions, also increases site compliance with enable sponsors and CRAs to reporting data and promotes best identify and resolve excursions digital practice in clinical studies and remotely, speed-up CRA review time patient safety, the company says, during site visits, and facilitate timely LANXESS using waste glass at its glass fibre production facility in adding that manual methods of data and efficient study close-outs and Antwerp, Belgium. (Photo: LANXESS AG) capture have proved challenging database locks. Summer 2020 9
Industry News www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Biesterfeld opens new Grace introduces novel Lab and Innovation Centre matting agents for water- peciality chemicals and based wood coatings S product formulation company Biesterfeld is expanding its laboratory capacities in Hamburg, Germany with the opening of the Biesterfeld Speciality silicas producer W. R. Grace & Co. has introduced two new premium matting agents especially designed for eco-friendly with high chemical resistance and clarity and the two silicas can be used alone or blended to achieve desired appearance and Lab and Innovation Centre. systems in water-based wood performance attributes. Grace says Covering a total area of 800 coatings: SYLOID AQ 800 silica and that SYLOID AQ silica series’ proof- sq m, the premises will be SYLOID AQ 880 silica. Specifically of-concept and extensive in-market used with immediate effect for developed to ensure an extremely beta tests have demonstrated application-related laboratory low-gloss finish, these new patent- “vast” performance improvements activities. These include the pending speciality silicas have been and formulation advantages over development of innovative and designed to eliminate the typical alternative matting agents. market-oriented formulations, water spots and stains that wood The SYLOID AQ silica series has carrying out of product tests and coatings manufacturers strive to been designed to be simple to use, customer-specific project work. avoid. with low dusting properties and The Biesterfeld Group also has SYLOID AQ 800 and SYLOID AQ easier dispersibility, translating into regional laboratories in Norway, 880 silicas have been designed to shorter cycle times and potential Turkey and Poland. offer superior matting properties cost savings. An existing laboratory in Biesterfeld is expanding its Hamburg has been integrated into laboratory facilities in Hamburg, the new application laboratory to Germany to support product make the new Biesterfeld Lab and development. Innovation Centre. The premises also contains a conference room and thus support marketing and a modern presentation and work,” comments Dr Lisa meeting area, which can be used Nahrwold, Laboratory Manager for product launches and technical at Biesterfeld Spezialchemie. training sessions. “Alongside individual project work “In our application laboratories in accordance with customer we develop tailored solutions requirements, the laboratory to cater for the needs of our will be used to screen new raw customers. An innovative materials from our partners and formulation, for example, can to conduct comparative studies. be made market-ready through Comprehensive regulatory Grace’s new SYLOID AQ 800 and SYLOID AQ 880 silica matting the addition of additives from consulting rounds off our range of agents are designed to ensure an extremely low-gloss finish for our wide-ranging portfolio services.” wood coatings. Syngenta Group launched to create global agtech market leader Syngenta Group Co. Ltd. has 48,000 employees in more than Group offers comprehensive Airport City, Israel and Syngenta announced the official launch of 100 countries, and had sales of agronomic solutions and digital Group China, led by Hengde Qin Syngenta Group as a single entity $23 billion in 2019. agricultural services, operating 15 based in Shanghai, China. to create a new global leader in From its inception, Syngenta key production sites. Erik Fyrwald, formerly CEO of agricultural science and innovation Group is the global market leader Under its new structure, the Syngenta AG, becomes Syngenta that combines the strengths of in crop protection, the global organization encompasses four Group CEO; Chen Lichtenstein, Syngenta AG, headquartered number three in seeds, the business units: Syngenta Crop formerly CEO of ADAMA, becomes in Switzerland, ADAMA, based market leader in fertilizer in China Protection, led by Jon Parr based Syngenta Group CFO; Steve in Israel, and the agricultural and, with its Modern Agriculture in Basel, Switzerland; Syngenta Landsman becomes Syngenta businesses of Sinochem, Platform (MAP) Farmer Solution Seeds, led by Jeff Rowe based Group General Counsel, and Laure based in China. The new entity, Centers, a leading agriculture in Chicago, USA; ADAMA, led Roberts becomes Syngenta Group headquartered in Switzerland, has services provider in China. The by Ignacio Dominguez based in Chief Human Resources Officer. 10 Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Industry News NOVA Chemicals and Enerkem collaborate on plastics recycling wo Canadian companies indistinguishable from those made T are to collaborate on innovative technology to close the loop on recycling and drive a plastics circular economy. NOVA Chemicals from 100 percent virgin, fossil- based feedstocks. Enerkem is the first company in the world to produce renewable methanol and ethanol from Corporation, a leading producer of non-recyclable, non-compostable chemicals and plastic resins, and municipal solid waste at full Enerkem Inc, a leading waste-to- commercial scale. Its current renewable fuels and chemicals technologies replace the use of producer, have entered into a fossil sources like petroleum and Canadian companies NOVA Chemicals and Enerkem Inc have joint development agreement to natural gas to produce sustainable formed a joint development agreement to explore turning non- explore turning non-recyclable fuels and chemicals that are used recyclable and non-compostable municipal waste into ethylene, a and non-compostable municipal in a broad range of everyday basic building block for plastics waste into ethylene, a basic products. building block for plastics. The commercial scale. The companies are a necessary component of NOVA Chemicals is committed companies will research advanced say ethylene produced from waste moving to zero plastic waste by to enabling 100 per cent of recycling technology to transform would advance a plastics circular creating valuable new feedstocks plastics packaging is recyclable hard-to-recycle municipal waste, economy and help meet consumer from post-use plastics that cannot or recoverable by 2030; and 100 including items such as plastics, brand goals for recycled content in be easily mechanically recycled and per cent of plastics packaging is household waste, and construction packaging. the quality of polymers produced re-used, recycled or recovered by materials, into ethylene at full Advanced recycling technologies with advanced recycling products is 2040. Bionema secures Innovate UK grant to complete development of microencapsulation technology Bionema Ltd, a leading UK-based effective control of pests, such biotechnology company, has as western flower thrips, aphids, received a grant from Innovate UK whitefly and spider mites, requires to support the company’s continued a robust formulation for targeted development of its bioinsecticide delivery. Currently, these pests microencapsulation formulation, are controlled by conventional which, the company says, delivers chemical insecticides but some of an effective alternative to chemical them have now developed product pesticides. This additional £98,000 resistance, while other products Continuity Grant complements have been removed from the an initial £1.0 million in funding market, due to their harmful impact support from Innovate UK, the on the environment and human national funding agency that invests health. Ansari says that biopesticide in science and research in the UK, formulation and its targeted delivery Dr Minshad Ansari of Bionema: developing new and from the Welsh Government’s is a more stable and sustainable microencapsulation formulation and delivery systems as the basis SMART Cymru. approach for controlling these pests of increasingly effective biopesticide products. Dr Minshad Ansari, a world- which are causing billions of dollars leading biopesticideexpert of crop damage on a world-wide be registered and distributed University of Birmingham and at who leads Bionema’s research scale. across Europe, the US and Canada. Bionema. In addition to Bionema’s team, commented: “The funding The Continuity Grant-funded Currently, trials are in place with research, development and is helping the company to project aims to develop a unique several multi-national chemical commercial teams, Silsoe Spray continue the development of its manufacturing process of proven companies and distributors to Application Unit is also testing the microencapsulation formulation and microencapsulation formulation commercialize the technology. product’s large-scale applicability deliverysystems, which is crucial technology for next-generation The project team includes and Applied Insect Science, a to the developmentof effective bioinsecticide control. New formulation experts from the School regulatory service, is managing the biopesticide products,” adding that microencapsulated products will of Chemical Engineering at the registration of the product. Summer 2020 11
Industry News www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Mergers & Aquisitions Catalent completes purchase LANXESS completes acquisition of of pharmaceutical packaging Brazilian biocide manufacturer IPEL facility in Japan LANXESS has completed the acquisition of Brazilian biocides Catalent has completed the role in its expanding Asia-Pacific manufacturer Itibanyl Produtos Especiais Ltda. (IPEL). Headquartered in purchase of Teva-Takeda network, working alongside two Jarinu, São Paulo, IPEL is one of Brazil’s leading biocide manufacturers Pharmaceuticals’ packaging facility sites in China and one in Singapore and generated sales in the lower double-digit million dollar range in in Minakuchi, Shiga Prefecture, to support customers’ clinical trials 2018, with about 100 employees. IPEL generates the majority of its sales Japan. Operating in partnership with across the region. through biocides and speciality chemicals for the paints and coatings the company’s existing Japanese The facility will offer extensive industry. The company’s product portfolio also includes preservatives clinical supply facility located in clinical supply services including and fungicides for process control in water treatment as well as active Kakegawa, the new 60,000-square- access to Catalent’s FastChain ingredients for disinfection and cleaning agents. foot facility will provide customers demand-led supply services, with flexible clinical supply solutions, primary and secondary packaging Gilead Sciences to acquire interest serving both local customers and capabilities, and a range of in Pionyr Immunotherapeutics global biotech and pharmaceutical temperature options for storage Gilead Sciences, Inc is to acquire a 49.9% equity interest in Pionyr companies. Catalent stated that and distribution, as well as clinical Immunotherapeutics Inc for $275 million with an exclusive option to the facility would play an important returns and destruction services. purchase the remainder of Pionyr, a privately held company developing first-in-class cancer immunotherapies. Under the agreement, Pionyr’s SOCMA on-demand training shareholders may receive up to an additional $1.47 billion in option exercise fees and future milestone payments. Pionyr’s Myeloid Tuning for chemical operators therapies have the potential to treat patients who currently do not benefit SOCMA, the Society of Chemical Dettinger, Senior Director, Compliance from checkpoint inhibitor therapies and the company’s PY314 and PY159 Manufacturers and Affiliates, reports & Stewardship at SOCMA. “Having candidates have demonstrated preclinical efficacy, suggesting potential in that since its launch in January, 15 led EHS&S operations at a facility solid tumours in combination with established anti-PD(L)-1 agents. Pionyr companies across 42 facilities have for many years, I understand the plans to file investigational new drug (IND) applications with the FDA for adopted its Chemical Operations importance of thorough training and both candidates in the third quarter of this year. Pending Phase 1b results Training Tool to train and refresh the need to safely onboard operators from either candidate, or sooner if Gilead chooses, Gilead can exercise its employees on standard operations and about the mechanics behind each exclusive option to acquire the remainder of Pionyr. processes in chemical manufacturing process.” and that SOCMA is now expanding Companies that have implemented KRAHN Chemie acquires Greek distributor this modernized training tool to non- the modernized platform found the KRAHN Chemie GmbH has acquired a majority share of InterActive SA, member manufacturers. tool to be an efficient resource for “SOCMA developed this both in-person and remote training. headquartered in Athens, Greece. Through this strategic acquisition, the comprehensive programme with Further information can be found at KRAHN Chemie Group has expanded its footprint not only in Europe but on-demand training in mind,” said Joe www.socma.org also to cover the Israeli market. InterActive SA was founded in 1990 and specializes in the distribution of lubricant additives in the Israeli, Greek and Cypriot markets, as well as scientific instruments for R&D and QC Eastman partners with IMCD Group laboratories in the oil, pharma & chemical industries by representing to expand EMEA speciality plastics international manufacturers. distribution network Eppendorf acquires centrifuge Eastman Chemical is expanding and also start serving an expanded EMEA business of Koki Holdings Co, Ltd reinforcing its strategic partnership market comprised of more than 30 Eppendorf AG and Koki Holdings Co, Ltd, have reached an agreement with IMCD Group for the distribution countries. that Eppendorf will acquire the Japanese company’s centrifuge business, of its speciality plastics. The company “IMCD is already a strategic including the premium himac brand. The acquisition marks a targeted offers the world’s largest portfolio of partner in the distribution for various step by Hamburg, Germany-based Eppendorf AG to expand its centrifuge thermoplastic polyester materials and Eastman speciality materials, business, solidifying its strong market position as one of the world’s leading IMCD will distribute these products with demonstrated synergies and makers of high-end centrifuges for the pharmaceutical and life science over a wide range of markets and processes alignment,” said Eastman industries as well as for academic and commercial research. Koki Holdings applications, including medical, sales director Oliver Osborne. “We said that it will focus on developing its position as a comprehensive provider consumer durables, cosmetics, believe this expanded partnership of power tools aiming to become a leading global company through personal care, and packaging, will ensure a smooth transition for strategic investment, accelerated technology and product development. amongst others. Currently, IMCD our speciality plastics customers Koki Holdings Co, Ltd, develops and produces ultracentrifuges and floor- distributes Eastman speciality plastics whose distribution arrangements with standing centrifuges under the brand name himac. in Spain and Portugal and under the incumbent distribution partners finish new distribution agreement, IMCD will at the end of July.” 12 Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Premium Pharmaceutical Ingredients When you Absolutely Need... FULL GMP! Exclusively Manufactured in the USA z Bulk GMP Buffers / Custom GMP Solutions z Functional Excipients / NCEs z Critical Process Chemicals z Small Volume Support z Critical Quality Attributes z GMP Synthesis & Purification z Heightened Regulatory Demands z Full GMP Dlvp. & Regulatory Package Need it Full GMP? Key Ingredient Issues? Made in the USA Small Molecule Concerns? For more information please contact: Paul DiMarco, Vice President Ph: +1 610.599.3477 e-mail: pdimarco@biospectra.us Summer BioS Bi 2020 oSpe oS pect pe ctra ra,, 10 1000M Maajje esttic Way ay, Ba Bang Bang n or or,, PA A 180 8013 1 USA | +1 61 13 610. 0 59 0. 5 9.3400 | www.biospectra.us 13
Industry News www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com MFG Chemical obtains ISO 9001: 2015 Certification for Pasadena, Texas plant S-based speciality and regulatory requirements. U and custom chemical manufacturer MFG Chemical has achieved ISO 9001:2015 Certification for its 26.7 acre plant in Pasadena, ISO 9001 is based on the plan- to-check-act methodology and provides a process-oriented approach to documentation and reviewing the activities. As part of Texas, completing certification for the ISO9001:2015 certification all four of the company’s plants, the process, MFG Chemical engaged other three being located in Dalton, in a rigorous audit of its business Georgia. MFG was one of the first processes, as well as its product chemical companies to achieve ISO quality environments. The 9001:2015 Certification, beginning company said that by maintaining MFG Chemical’s Pasadena, Texas facility: ISO 9001:15 Certification in October of 2016, and has now means that all four of the company’s manufacturing facilities are now this level of certification, MFG been audited and certified four times. certified to this international quality management system standard. Chemical is able to demonstrate a ISO 9001 is the international quality management system and standard that specifies management system (QMS) and to consistently provide products continuous improvement of its requirements for a quality is used to demonstrate the ability and services that meet customer products and services. New Solvay hydrogen peroxide at better serving our customers in Vietnam,” said Suthichai Srihawan, dilution and packing plant in Vietnam general manager of Solvay Peroxides Vietnam “To support sustainability Solvay Peroxides Vietnam has started local demand for international group’s HS&E standards and now and a circular economy, the use production at its new hydrogen standard quality hydrogen peroxide high-quality hydrogen peroxides are of returnable packaging has been peroxide dilution and packing plant for the textile industry and other being supplied by Solvay Peroxythai implemented with our distributors at Phuc Long Industrial Zone in Long applications. As the first Solvay in Thailand and diluted and packed and customers. This action allows An Province, Vietnam. The facility industrial facility based in Vietnam, to meet Vietnamese customer customers to minimize the non- is designed to reach 24,000 ton the plant was built and made requirements locally. ore operation of managing used capacity per year to meet growing operational in full alignment with the “With this new plant we are aiming packaging.” People on the Move AMPAC Fine Chemicals (AFC) has promoted Dr Jeff Butler to the position of President of the company. Dr Butler has performed in leadership roles of increasing responsibility at AFC, with his most previous position being Vice President of Project Management. In his new role, he is responsible for operations across all AFC US-based facilities. He holds a PhD in Chemistry from the University of California, Davis and conducted his post-doctoral research in chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin. He will continue to operate out of AFC’s Rancho Cordova, California, USA facilities. Dr Jeff Butler Pierre-Alain Ruffieux will become Chief Executive Officer of Lonza effective November 1, 2020. He is currently Head of Global Pharma Technical Operations at Roche where he and his 12,000-strong team are responsible for all aspects of pharmaceutical commercial manufacturing and supply chain operations, technical, quality assurance and regulatory. Prior to that he held roles of increasing seniority at Novartis and has more than 20 years’ experience in biopharmaceuticals. Pierre-Alain Ruffieux Cambrex has named Tom Loewald as its new Chief Executive Officer and a member of the company’s Board of Directors effective September , 2020, the company being led in the interim by an Office of the CEO comprised of Wayne Hewett, Chairman of the Board, Robert Green, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Samantha Hanley, Senior Vice President and General Counsel. Loewald worked for 15-years at Thermo Fisher Scientific, where he served in several senior executive roles, including Chief Commercial Officer, President of the Analytical Instruments Group, President of the Laboratory Products Group, and President of the Tom Loewald Laboratory Equipment Division. He currently serves as President of the Flexibles Division of ProAmpac, a leading flexible packaging manufacturer. Earlier in his career he held leadership positions at Tyco International and General Electric. Loewald currently serves on the Board of Directors of Harvard BioScience, a global developer, manufacturer and marketer of a broad range of solutions to advance life science. 14 Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Where transformation begins Life Science Integrates is excited to announce that this year’s three events : MedTech Integrates 2020 on 15th October, Bio Integrates 2020 on 16th November and Pharma Integrates 2020 on 17th November, will be broadcast live on our new digital platform. We will bring together Senior Leaders from across the Life Sciences, including industry, academia, government and regulators; providing you with a unique opportunity to be part of the conversations that set out the industry’s challenges and identify effective strategies and solutions. Our events MedTech Integrates Bio Integrates Pharma Integrates LIVE ONLINE 15 October 2020 LIVE ONLINE 16 November 2020 LIVE ONLINE 17 November 2020 Addressing the needs of the MedTech Focused on the biotech, start-up and Bringing together pharma and community to overcome the challenges emerging pharma sector addressing healthcare leaders to share insights needed to achieve a transformation of the needs of innovative companies that and create debate on crucial topics diagnostics and devices in healthcare. develop therapies of tomorrow. that influence the future of patient outcomes. Register now and at each event benefit from real-time, face-to-face networking 1 day 70+ speakers 300+ senior industry executives We have 100 free tickets per event available for Chemicals Knowledge readers. Register today for your chosen event on www.lifescienceintegrates.com and enter Promo Code CK100 when prompted. www.lifescienceintegrates.com Summer 2020 15
Life Sciences Focus: Drug Discovery www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Gene editing and gene modulation technologies support drug discovery Horizon Discovery has developed a broad range of gene editing and gene modulation technologies that enable scientists to gain a greater understanding of gene function and apply this knowledge to the development of novel biotherapeutics, gene therapies and diagnostic workflows. This article reviews recent developments at the company. eadquartered in H Cambridge, UK and with offices in the US and Japan, Horizon Discovery Group plc specializes in the application of gene editing and gene modulation technologies that support drug discovery and development within the global life sciences sector, offering a portfolio of tools and services to help scientists gain a greater understanding of gene function, identify genetic drivers behind human disease and deliver biotherapeutics, cellular and gene therapies for precision medicine as well as for the development and validation of diagnostic workflows. The company’s solutions are designed to enable almost any gene to be altered, or its function modulated, in human and other mammalian cell lines. Its clients include leading academic institutes, global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and Horizon Discovery is now offering an arrayed CRISPR knockout screening service for primary human clinical diagnostic laboratories. B cells, cells that are freshly isolated from donors and known to be difficult to study in the lab. Horizon says that its insight into Pictured is a B-lymphocyte antibody-producing immune cell. (Image from Shutterstock © Kateryna Kon) the challenges faced by these organisations enables it to focus its efforts on the development of cell lines are optimized to work format. The cell lines are step of generating a stable cell innovative solutions that not only alongside the company’s Edit-R QC-verified and validated to line and the cost associated differentiate its offering, but that predesigned synthetic single ensure stable expression and with purchasing a nuclease also fuel development of the next guide RNA (sgRNA) and CRISPRa functionality of Cas9 or dCas9- could help researchers increase wave of precision medicines. guide RNA, offering researchers a VPR endonuclease in a range R&D productivity and allow complete solution to simplify and of common cell backgrounds. novice users to gain a better Gene knockout and gene streamline CRISPR gene editing Both cell lines are available in understanding of the CRISPR activation studies and modulation workflows. the same background to enable workflow. Earlier this month (July 2020), Horizon’s Cas9 and dCas9- loss-of-function and gain-of- the company introduced its stably VPR stable cell lines were function studies to be performed Production of highly expressing Cas9 and dCas9-VPR generated using its Edit-R in parallel without the need to complex proteins cell lines to help accelerate gene Lentiviral particles with a engineer a cell line specifically In a separate recent knockout and gene activation blasticidin resistance cassette for this purpose. Horizon says development, in May of this experiments, respectively. The and are provided in pooled that removing the time-intensive year, biopharmaceuticals CDMO 16 Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Life Sciences Focus: Drug Discovery proteins to support researchers gene-edited GS knockout CHO B cells, cells that are freshly from early drug development K1 cell line expression system, isolated from donors and known through to commercial offered by Batavia Biosciences to be difficult to study in the manufacturing. as part of its STEP-mAb service, lab. One advantage of working Horizon says that The two companies say was used to generate a high with these cells, however, is its insight into the that by entering into the yielding cell line for Immutep’s that it brings scientists one step challenges faced by agreement, they aim to empower IMP761 product candidate, an closer to healthy or diseased these organisations organisations of all sizes, from agonist antibody targeting the micro-environments, enabling large pharmaceutical companies immune checkpoint lymphocyte them to better understand enables it to focus to clinical stage biotechs and activation gene LAG-3 which disease etiology and therapeutic its efforts on the early-stage startups, to drive controls the signaling between mechanisms and thereby development of efficiencies in biotherapeutic specific immune cells, T cells advance drug discovery and manufacturing and that Rentschler and antigen-presenting cells development programmes. innovative solutions Biopharma’s integrated platform responsible for the adaptive Horizon has already applied that not only process, together with Horizon’s immune response, making it a its gene editing and cell differentiate its cell line, will provide innovative promising focus for novel cancer culture expertise to maintain offering, but that also and tailored solutions to translate therapies or for the treatment of the viability of primary human complex medical research into autoimmune conditions such as T cells to enable functional fuel development new biopharmaceuticals, elevating inflammatory bowel diseases, genomic screens and has been of the next wave of the standard of protein expression rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple delivering data-rich information precision medicines and allowing clients to access a sclerosis. to customers working in drug robust and flexible approach for In yet another CHOSOURCE discovery and development. designer protein therapeutics from platform development, Horizon Horizon says the new B cell concept to market. announced in April this year screening service, the first of its that it was offering special kind in the market, will enable Rentschler Biopharma SE and Immunotherapy licensing terms to facilitate researchers to identify genes that Horizon signed a commercial development rapid access to the CHOSOURCE affect the function of B cells and licence agreement under which Horizon had earlier announced for the development of COVID- examine how this impacts other Horizon’s cGMP-compliant that the CHOSOURCE 19-related therapeutics and immune cell types, particularly CHOSOURCE platform will platform had played a key diagnostics. Horizon is already in infectious diseases, cancer, be used in combination with role in generating a stable a key supplier for COVID-19- and auto-immune disorders, Rentschler Biopharma’s novel cell line for the development related research as a provider of such as COVID-19, Burkitt’s in-house process for cell line of an immunotherapy for tools and services to academia lymphoma and multiple sclerosis, development for difficult-to- autoimmune diseases with and industry in their efforts in respectively. express proteins. Horizon’s pharmaceutical-grade, stable the pandemic. gene-edited glutamine CHO cells delivering high Further information synthetase (GS) knockout CHO yields of monoclonal antibody Arrayed CRISPR knockout Horizon Discovery plc K1 cGMP-compliant cell line for LAG-3 immunotherapy, screening service Cambridge, UK will complement Rentschler enabling Immutep and Batavia Also in April, Horizon announced Ph: +44-1223-976160 Biopharma’s existing service Biosciences to reach an the addition to its cell-based E: technical@ offering, providing a royalty-free, important milestone in the screening services of an arrayed horizondiscovery.com state-of-the-art alternative for preclinical development of the CRISPR knockout screening W: www.horizondiscovery. the production of highly complex compound. The company’s service for primary human com Get recognized Ethical Innovation for your achievements Awards 202U ENTRIES NOW OPEN Summer 2020 17
Life Sciences Focus: Drug Development www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com Adopting a phase-appropriate approach to solid-state pharmaceutical chemistry Dr Julian Northen, research manager at Onyx Scientific, explains how a more phase-appropriate approach to solid- state chemistry may present an effective option for drug development teams in assuring the physical properties of drug products and ensuring optimal drug performance. he majority of today’s marketed drugs parameters should be identified as markers T are administered as solids, making solid- state chemistry a critical component of pharmaceutical research and development. The solid-state structure of drug compounds and their relationship to the drug for the competing analogues in play. This can include a simple response to changes in pH and solubility, Log P, presentation form (oil, solid, amorphous, crystalline), and whether a salt can form and aid in isolation/development. formulation requires full consideration to provide assurance of the physical properties of the Early development drug product. A thorough understanding of the During early development, a robust assessment compatibility of the chosen solid phase with drug of the various solid form versions and product excipients in the solid state (relative to candidates, such as salt versus API, should chemical and form stability) is also required to be carried out. This may encompass solubility avoid the unwanted changes that can occur in across a range of pH, solid stability, solution pharmaceutical preparations. stability, crystallinity, and thermal properties. Solid form screening and selection is The choices must also deliver against chemical important at all stages of drug development. development needs, including robustness However, with increasing demands on of process, purge of impurity, and process Dr Julian Northen, research manager at developers to balance cost pressures with the efficiency. Additionally, an understanding of how Onyx Scientific need for fast progression, especially in the the various presentations of each version may early stages, the industry is calling for more been conducted using the right materials and influence the drug product is also required, appropriate strategies that pay attention to the in a logical order, progression to first-in-human for instance powder flow, bulk density and specific requirements at different stages in the studies can be more efficiently achieved. morphology for simple solid dose formulations. product lifecycle. Despite the advantages of adopting this type The information will provide development of approach already being understood, there groups with options to consider as material The advantages of collaboration still exists a culture of solid form selection that transitions through Phase 1. For example, the There is a growing realization from is less robust. For example, it is not uncommon most soluble salt may not always deliver the pharmaceutical developers that active for a drug developer to adopt a form or version best option or approximation of bioavailability. pharmaceutical ingredient (API) development based solely on it being an easy way to isolate Dissolution rate and propensity toward and manufacturing requires a more interactive a clean solid, or on the chemistry naturally disproportionation and the kinetics of the approach with collaborative input from multiple delivering the salt or polymorphic form. process will need to be considered along groups, including medicinal chemists, solid with pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluations that form scientists, development chemists, and Meeting requirements at different support and enable selection. Ideally, the formulation scientists. Considering input, stages of development selected version will be maintained through to objectives and deliverables from different No two drug candidates are the same and the commercial manufacture. parties can aid the adoption of a more solid-form strategies required for any single API phase-appropriate approach that will provide will vary over the course of its development. The Late phase developers with a ‘road map’ to ensure adoption of a phase-appropriate and inclusive During late-phase development it is critical screening activities become increasingly approach can enable a more predictive pathway to challenge the process in place versus the comprehensive as the needs and technical that will enable solid form studies to progress necessary specification to ensure that the requirements at each development stage in a way that ensures specific objectives are solid form of choice delivers routinely against evolve. The increased understanding that will achieved at different stages. all performance targets. The process would be gained through having more individuals normally encompass a broader polymorphism and capabilities involved in the process may Discovery and lead optimization study. This may or may not identify competing result in considerable time savings when it Starting at the discovery and lead optimization versions that will provide additional protection comes to selection. If the right studies have stage, a robust set of physiochemical from an intellectual property (IP) standpoint. This 18 Summer 2020
You can also read