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                                            ● Catalysis
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                                            ● Cosmetics
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                                            ● Water Treatment
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Summer 2020                                 www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com

Summer 2020                                                             1
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    Azelis expands its global
    presence into Latin America
    Azelis is thrilled to announce the acquisition of
    Megafarma, Mexico’s premier specialty distributor
    for the pharma, food and veterinary industries.

    The addition of Megafarma into the Azelis global     Megafarma, headquartered
    network strengthens our commitment to our valued     in Mexico City, with offices in
    principals and customers across Latin America, and   Guadalajara and Monterrey,
    is complementary to our strategy of sustainable      represents some of the world’s
    organic growth. The transaction also creates a       most renowned raw material
    platform to build other market segments in Mexico,   producers and serves a large
    such as plastics, foam, CASE, personal care, and     number of customers throughout
    household & industrial cleaning.                     all regions of Mexico.

    visit azelis.com/americas
    megafarma.com.mx
2                                                                                     Summer 2020
CHEMICALS KNOWLEDGE HUB - CPHI
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com                                                                                                                                                                                          Contents

                                Welcome .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
                                Events
                                Events Calendar 2020 ......................................................................................................................................................... 4-5

                                Industry News .......................................................................................................................................................... 6-14
                                Life Sciences Focus: Drug Discovery ................................................................................ 16-17
6                               Gene editing and gene modulation technologies support drug discovery

                                Life Sciences Focus: Drug Development ...................................................................... 18-19
                                Adopting a phase-appropriate approach to solid-state pharmaceutical chemistry

                                Life Sciences Focus: Drug Delivery .............................................................................................. 20
                                The growing field of nanoencapsulation in pharmaceutical and cosmetics applications

                                Life Sciences Focus: Process Development                                                                                           ....................................................................    22
16                              Continuous manufacturing and the personalized medicine revolution

                                Life Sciences Focus: Biotherapeutics......................................................................................... 24
                                Avacta Group: in the forefront in the fight against coronavirus

                                Life Sciences Focus: Supply Chain Management                                                                                                        ...................................................    26
                                Managing the triple threat - how Life Sciences can build pandemic-ready supply chains

                                Catalysis ................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
22                              Biocatalysis – How secret should it be?
                                The case for homogeneous ester hydrogenation

                                Topical Products ......................................................................................................................................................... 33
                                Topical drug formulation: the challenges and new solutions

                                Cosmetics ............................................................................................................................................................................ 36
                                Eigenmann & Veronelli - Creating value for customers in chemical manufacture and
                                distribution for more than 100 years
24                              Hi-tech cosmetics products and services give an individual look
                                Capturing the essence of Africa

                                Digital Technology .................................................................................................................................................. 42
                                Building resilience with the digital twin

                                Distribution ....................................................................................................................................................................... 44
                                Azelis: innovative service provider on a global basis

                                Automotive Industry ............................................................................................................................................ 47
33
                                Let’s drive forward to the future

                                Water Treatment                                  .......................................................................................................................................................   50
                                Ozone and oxygen for sustainable odour and corrosion control

                                Contract Services .................................................................................................................................................... 55
                                Outsourcing as a key to success

                                Guidelines ............................................................................................................................................................................ 56
36                              Do you have something to say?

Summer 2020                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 1
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    Providing
    chemistry
    expertise to
    bring your
    therapeutics
    to life
    Scientifically led and commercially minded, we are your
    dependable and trusted partner for innovation. We develop
    perfect-for-purpose chemistry solutions from lead optimisation
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    This enables our customers to create affordable, best-in-class
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    environmentally sustainable way.

    Discover more catsci.com
                               l   Get in touch enquiries@catsci.com

2                                                            Summer 2020
CHEMICALS KNOWLEDGE HUB - CPHI
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com                                                                                                       Editorial

              elcome to the Summer 2020 issue of Chemicals      such faith in us throughout this year. Our

W             Knowledge Hub. In this issue we have a strong
              focus on life sciences which is in anticipation
              of our new life sciences section. We are also
                                                                editorial contributors, our advertisers,
                                                                our readers and our partners – thank
                                                                you all for helping us to be such a rapid
delighted to bring you some great articles on pharmaceuticals success in the speciality chemicals
and cosmetics, as well as our regular sections on distribution, communication arena. So please do
water treatment and some insights into the automotive           stay with us, keep reading our news and
industry.                                                       articles, and let’s see together what a
   I’m delighted to announce the launch of CKH TV, the one-     thrilling future our industry will bring”.
stop-shop for industry interviews and insights. This is your
platform to showcase your products, services and expertise
to the industry. This unique video content platform is the best
place to be seen and see what’s hot in the chemicals industry! Publishing Director
   I want to thank most sincerely everyone who has shown        Chemicals Knowledge Hub (Global)

 PUBLISHING DIRECTOR
 Ellie Bruni
                                                                                    Don’t miss the Autumn
 T: +44 (0) 7872 516194 E: ellie.bruni@ckhglobal.org

 ADVERTISING
                                                                                       2020 issue of CKH
 Kenneth Carroll
 T: +1 (610) 745-1426 E: ken.carroll@ckhglobal.org
 Tom Scanlan
 T:+1 (847) 624-8925 E:tom.scanlan@ckhglobal.org
 Nadia Liefsoens
 T: +32475593196 E:nadia@fivemedia.be
 EDITORIAL CONTACT
 Please send your news and suggestions for feature articles to the editorial team
 at Editor@ckhglobal.org

 Chemicals Knowledge Hub is published by BIBO Publishing SL Av.
 Diagonal, 409, 1St Floor, 08008, Barcelona, Spain
 Disclaimer
 BIBO Publishing SL will not be held responsible or liable for errors
 or omissions supplied or contained in this publication, although due
 care and attention are taken to ensure all content is accurate at the
 time of going to press. Speciality World Media Ltd also will not be held
 responsible for any false claims made by advertisers, or in articles
 contributed by external authors. The views and opinions expressed are
 not necessarily those of the Editor or BIBO Publishing SL.
 Copyright                                                                                          EDITORIAL:
                                                                                                           IAL Elli
                                                                                                               Ellie B
                                                                                                                     Brunii
 The contents of this publication are copyright © BIBO Publishing SL                 T: +44 (0) 7872 516194 E: ellie.bruni@ckhglobal.org
 2020. No part of this publication can be reproduced or transmitted in
                                                                                                ADVERTISING: Kenneth Carroll
 any form without the express permission of the publisher.
                                                                                     T: +1 (610) 745-1426 E: ken.carroll@ckhglobal.org
 ISSN 2516-4481                                                                                         Tom Scanlan
                                                                                     T: +1 (847) 624-8925 E: tom.scanlan@ckhglobal.org
                                                                                                      Nadia Liefsoens
                                                                                         T: +32 475 593196 E: nadia@fivemedia.be

Summer 2020                                                                                                                                3
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Events                                                                                     www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com

Events Calendar 2020
CPhI Korea                          in-cosmetics Asia                           Bio Integrates
26-28 August 2020 NEW DATES!        3-5 November 2020                           VIRTUAL EVENT!
Seoul, Korea                        Bangkok, Thailand                           16 November 2020

www.cphi.com/korea/                 https://asia.in-cosmetics.com               www.lifescienceintegrates.com

Adhesive and Bonding Expo           CPhI South East Asia                        Pharma Integrates
VIRTUAL EVENT!                      4-6 November 2020 NEW DATES!
                                                                                VIRTUAL EVENT!
28 August 2020                      Muang Thong Thani, Thailand                 17 November 2020

www.adhesivesandbondingexpo.com     www.cphi.com/sea                            www.lifescienceintegrates.com

TIDES USA Oligonucleotide &         In cosmetics formulation summit             CPhI india
Peptide Therapeutics                                                            25-27 November 2020
                                    11-12 November 2020
VIRTUAL EVENT!                                                                  Delhi, India
                                    London, United Kingdom
15-18 September 2020                                                            https://www.cphi.com/india/
https://informaconnect.com/tides/   TIDES EUROPE:
                                    Oligonucleotide & Peptide                   CPhI China
Festival of Pharma                  VIRTUAL EVENT!                              16-18 December 2020
VIRTUAL EVENT!
                                    10-13 November 2020                         Shanghai, China
16 October 2020
                                    https://informaconnect.com/ tides-europe/   www.cphi.com/china

MedTech Integrates                  Chemspec Europe                             APAC Biopolymer Summit 2020
VIRTUAL EVENT!                      11-12 November 2020 NEW DATES!              16 – 17 September 2020
15 October 2020                     Cologne, Germany                            Kuala Lumpur,
www.lifescienceintegrates.com       www.chemspeceurope.com                      Malaysia

4                                                                                                             Summer 2020
CHEMICALS KNOWLEDGE HUB - CPHI
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com                                                                        Events

Speciality & Custom             CPhI Japan                        in-cosmetics Korea
Chemicals America               14-16 April 2021 NEW DATES!       14-16 July 2021
9-11 February 2021              Osaka, Japan                      Coex, Seoul, South Korea
Fort Worth, USA                 www.cphi.com/japan                https://korea.in-cosmetics.com
www.chemicalsamerica.com/
                                CPhI North America                Speciality & Agro
DCAT Week 2021                  April 20-22, 2021 NEW DATES!      Chemicals America
22-25 March 2021                Philadelphia, USA                 29 June-1 July 2021

New York,                       www.cphi.com/northamerica         Charleston, USA

USA                                                               www.chemicalsamerica.com

https://dcatweek.org/           Interphex
                                                                  in-cosmetics Latin America
                                20-22 APRIL 2021 NEW DATES!
                                                                  22-23 September 2021
CPhI middle east NEW DATES!     New York City, USA
24-25 March 2021                                                  Sau Paulo, Brasil
                                www.interphex.com/
Riyadh,                                                           https://latinamerica.in-cosmetics.com

Saudi Arabia                    BIO International Convention
                                                                  CPhI worldwide
www.cphi.com/mea                June 14-17, 2021
                                                                  Autumn 2021
                                Boston, USA
in-cosmetics global                                               https://www.cphi.com/Europe
                                https://www.bio.org
13-15 April 2021 NEW DATES!

Barcelona,
                                      For more information about these and other events in the
Spain
                                                 speciality chemicals industry, visit
                                           www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com/events
www.in-cosmetics.com/global/

Summer 2020                                                                                               5
CHEMICALS KNOWLEDGE HUB - CPHI
Industry News                                                                                                            www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com

Cambrex increases flexible manufacturing
capacity at Karlskoga facility
         S-headquartered                                                                                                  Bjarne Sandberg, Managing

U        pharmaceutical CDMO
         Cambrex is investing $3.6
         million at its Karlskoga,
Sweden facility to increase flexible
drug substance manufacturing
                                                                                                                          Director, Cambrex Karlskoga. “This
                                                                                                                          investment, as with others made by
                                                                                                                          Cambrex across our global network,
                                                                                                                          is in line with the company strategy
                                                                                                                          of ensuring that the assets we
capacity. The work, which will                                                                                            can offer customers allow for the
convert a previously customer-                                                                                            most cost-effective and efficient
dedicated manufacturing train, will                                                                                       manufacturing.”
include an additional production line                                                                                         Cambrex’s site in Karlskoga
at 6 cubic metre scale being added                                                                                        employs more than 400 people and
at the site resulting in a 25 per cent                                                                                    features a wide range of flexible
                                         Cambrex: investing in added flexible manufacturing capacity at its
capacity increase at the facility.                                                                                        manufacturing facilities, including
                                         Karlskoga facility in Sweden.
   Engineering work for the                                                                                               four cGMP pilot plants and five full-
expansion has already commenced          new holding tanks and a 4 square      quality European and US partners,          scale commercial production units.
at the facility and is expected to be    metre Hastelloy Rosemund filter.       so we must ensure capacity is              In 2019, a new 600 sqare metre
completed by November this year.            “We are seeing continued           both flexible and available to be           process and analytical development
The work involves modification            growth in commercial-scale API        in a position to react quickly and         facility was added to the site, along
of an existing four-reactor              manufacturing, and an ongoing         effectively to customers’ changing         with a 3,000 square metre logistics
configuration and the installation of     trend for customers favouring high-   requirements,” commented                   centre.

                                                                               Piramal Pharma Solutions
                                                                               acquires solid dose facility
                                                                               from G&W Laboratories Inc
                                                                               Piramal Enterprises Limited’s Pharma       capabilities in solid oral dosage
                                                                               Solutions (PPS) has entered into an        forms were all located in the UK
                                                                               agreement with G&W Laboratories            and India. The Sellersville site
                                                                               Inc. to acquire G&W’s solid oral           can also produce liquids, creams,
                                                                               dosage drug product manufacturing          and ointments, further expanding
                                                                               facility in Sellersville, Pennsylvania.    the PPS portfolio and the site
                                                                               Under the agreement, PEL, through          also can support product and
    BASF working toward circularity                                            one of its affiliates, would acquire at     process development for solid oral
                                                                               closing a 100 per cent stake in the        dosage and oral liquids, including
    in recycling of mattresses                                                 entity that operates the facility and      immediate release, modified
 BASF has developed a chemical           new ground and responding to          owns the related real estate.              release, chewable and sublingual
 recycling process for used              the raised expectations regarding        The acquisition will add solid oral     solid oral dosage forms, solutions
 mattresses and is starting              sustainability of the foam and        dosage form capabilities in North          and suspensions in liquids. The site
 pilot tests at the company’s            mattress industry as well as those    America to PPS’s manufacturing             has received certifications from the
 Schwarzheide site in Brandenburg,       of consumers and that this is an      portfolio: until now, the company’s        FDA and the EMA.
 Germany. The materials from old         important step to possibly re-enter
 mattresses are to be recycled           post-consumer waste back into
 in such a way that they can be          product lifecycles.
 used for the production of new             BASF’s process breaks
 mattresses. “The target is to           down the flexible polyurethane
 recover the raw materials with a        and delivers the initially used
 quality comparable to that of non-      polyol. From there the company
 recycled/virgin raw materials”, said    can produce new foam with
 Shankara Keelapandal, Business          a significantly lower carbon
 Management Isocyanates Europe.          footprint, because fewer fossil
 The company says it is breaking         resources are used.                   G&W Laboratories’ Sellersville, Pennsylvania facility in the US will
                                                                               shortly be acquired by Piramal Pharma.

6                                                                                                                                              Summer 2020
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Summer 2020                                                                                                                7
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AND DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE AND                                         questions it’s generated a lot of
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September 22 - 30, 2020 | ONLINE
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Sept 28 – Oct 2, 2020 | ONLINE
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www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com                                                                                                                Industry News

LANXESS increasing its use                                                      Catalent expands beauty and plant-
of recycled raw materials for                                                   based consumer health Softgel
thermoplastics and composites                                                   capabilities in Canada and Brazil
                                                                                Delivery technologies specialist          plant-based softgel technologies
         peciality chemicals              HPM’s primary target for              Catalent has completed a $3.2             growing by more than 25% globally

S        company LANXESS is
         increasingly making use of
         recycled raw materials in
the production of its thermoplastic
compounds and composites
                                       the three new compounds is
                                       the automotive industry. “For
                                       instance, Durethan ECOBKV60XF
                                       offers exceptional strength and
                                       rigidity, which makes it suitable
                                                                                million expansion programme at
                                                                                its consumer health manufacturing
                                                                                facilities in Strathroy, Canada and
                                                                                Sorocaba, Brazil. The expansion
                                                                                projects include new softgel
                                                                                                                          in recent years,” commented Dr
                                                                                                                          Aris Gennadios, President, Softgel
                                                                                                                          & Oral Technologies, Catalent.
                                                                                                                          “Additionally, Brazil has grown to
                                                                                                                          become the world’s fourth-largest
with the company’s Durethan            for manufacturing structural             encapsulation lines at each site,         market for beauty care products.
ECOBKV30H2.0, ECOBKV35H2.0             components such as front ends,           dedicated to Catalent’s proprietary       While we have been supplying the
and ECOBKV60XF products as the         pedal bearing brackets and A-, B-        Vegicaps® plant-based capsule             North and Latin American markets
most recent examples of product        and C-pillars, as well as lightweight    and CosmoPod® twist-off capsule           with plant-based softgel capsules
manufacturing being performed          battery trays for electric vehicles,”    technologies. The company                 from our manufacturing sites in
in line with this strategy. Recycled   explains Margraf.                        says the increased capacity will          Italy and Germany, this investment
fibres manufactured from waste             HPM is going to be gradually          enable it to support its customers        allows us to provide local
glass make up 30%, 35% and             increasing the number of                 in North and Latin America to             supply solutions to markets that
60% by weight respectively of          ECO product types certified in            develop products for consumers            complement existing capabilities in
these three new polyamide 6            accordance with Ecocycle’s mass          seeking all-natural and plant-            Europe.”
compounds and independent              balance method and is planning           based vitamins, minerals and                 Catalent’s 110,000 square-
inspection company Ecocycle has        to launch a new polyamide 6 with         supplements using its Vegicaps            foot facility in Strathroy, Ontario,
awarded LANXESS an ecoloop             a glass fibre content of 30% and          capsule; and support those                and its 124,600 square-foot
certificate in accordance with ISO      a reduced carbon footprint. The          customers looking for innovative,         facility in Sorocaba, Brazil, both
14021:2016. The glass comes            caprolactam required to produce          easy-to-use, unit-dose beauty care        offer a broad range of integrated
from waste left over from glass        this more environmentally friendly       products through its CosmoPod             formulation, manufacturing, and
fibre production.                       polyamide 6 is based on a selection      technology.                               packaging services to provide full-
   “We want to help make the           of petrochemical raw materials              “We have seen increased                service turnkey solutions for the
switch from a throw-away society       that support this aim. HPM is not        consumer demand for greater               pharmaceutical, consumer health,
to a circular economy,” stated Dr      currently using waste glass fibres        product choice, with sales of             and beauty industries.
Guenter Margraf, global product        from end-of-life components, but
manager at LANXESS’s High              does view them as a particularly
Performance Materials (HPM)            sustainable raw material for            Almac Group launches Tempod
business unit. “Our goal is to make    use in manufacturing new glass
more and more of our plastic           fibres. “Using waste glass cuts          1000 to improve clinical site
products sustainable so that we can
make our growth less dependent on
                                       down on the use of resources as
                                       well, because it saves glass raw
                                                                               temperature data management
the consumption of finite resources,    materials,” says Margraf. “It also      Almac Clinical Services has                due to disruptions caused by the
improve our carbon footprint and       means there’s no need to dispose        launched Tempod® 1000 as part of           global pandemic. The Tempod
protect the environment,”.             of the waste glass.”                    the company’s site compliance and          1000 automates the process by
                                                                               temperature management offering.           continually recording temperature
                                                                               Tempod 1000 is a USB device that           data for drug products stored at
                                                                               captures and stores all clinical site      clinical sites, providing sponsors and
                                                                               temperature data and automatically         CRAs with full, remote visibility to
                                                                               identifies unreported excursions            ensure quality and integrity of the
                                                                               once uploaded into Almac’s                 drug product.
                                                                               TempEZ Web-based temperature                  Almac Clinical Services says
                                                                               management software. Designed to           that, in addition, Tempod 1000 will
                                                                               remove the administrative burden of        reduce the risk of missed patient
                                                                               updating manual temperature logs, it       visits due to unreported excursions,
                                                                               also increases site compliance with        enable sponsors and CRAs to
                                                                               reporting data and promotes best           identify and resolve excursions
                                                                               digital practice in clinical studies and   remotely, speed-up CRA review time
                                                                               patient safety, the company says,          during site visits, and facilitate timely
LANXESS using waste glass at its glass fibre production facility in             adding that manual methods of data         and efficient study close-outs and
Antwerp, Belgium. (Photo: LANXESS AG)                                          capture have proved challenging            database locks.

Summer 2020                                                                                                                                                      9
Industry News                                                                                                        www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com

Biesterfeld opens new                                                         Grace introduces novel
Lab and Innovation Centre                                                     matting agents for water-
         peciality chemicals and                                              based wood coatings
S        product formulation
         company Biesterfeld is
         expanding its laboratory
capacities in Hamburg, Germany
with the opening of the Biesterfeld
                                                                              Speciality silicas producer W. R.
                                                                              Grace & Co. has introduced two
                                                                              new premium matting agents
                                                                              especially designed for eco-friendly
                                                                                                                       with high chemical resistance
                                                                                                                       and clarity and the two silicas
                                                                                                                       can be used alone or blended to
                                                                                                                       achieve desired appearance and
Lab and Innovation Centre.                                                    systems in water-based wood              performance attributes. Grace says
Covering a total area of 800                                                  coatings: SYLOID AQ 800 silica and       that SYLOID AQ silica series’ proof-
sq m, the premises will be                                                    SYLOID AQ 880 silica. Specifically        of-concept and extensive in-market
used with immediate effect for                                                developed to ensure an extremely         beta tests have demonstrated
application-related laboratory                                                low-gloss finish, these new patent-       “vast” performance improvements
activities. These include the                                                 pending speciality silicas have been     and formulation advantages over
development of innovative and                                                 designed to eliminate the typical        alternative matting agents.
market-oriented formulations,                                                 water spots and stains that wood            The SYLOID AQ silica series has
carrying out of product tests and                                             coatings manufacturers strive to         been designed to be simple to use,
customer-specific project work.                                                avoid.                                   with low dusting properties and
The Biesterfeld Group also has                                                   SYLOID AQ 800 and SYLOID AQ           easier dispersibility, translating into
regional laboratories in Norway,                                              880 silicas have been designed to        shorter cycle times and potential
Turkey and Poland.                                                            offer superior matting properties        cost savings.
   An existing laboratory in           Biesterfeld is expanding its
Hamburg has been integrated into       laboratory facilities in Hamburg,
the new application laboratory to      Germany to support product
make the new Biesterfeld Lab and       development.
Innovation Centre. The premises
also contains a conference room        and thus support marketing
and a modern presentation and          work,” comments Dr Lisa
meeting area, which can be used        Nahrwold, Laboratory Manager
for product launches and technical     at Biesterfeld Spezialchemie.
training sessions.                     “Alongside individual project work
   “In our application laboratories    in accordance with customer
we develop tailored solutions          requirements, the laboratory
to cater for the needs of our          will be used to screen new raw
customers. An innovative               materials from our partners and
formulation, for example, can          to conduct comparative studies.
be made market-ready through           Comprehensive regulatory               Grace’s new SYLOID AQ 800 and SYLOID AQ 880 silica matting
the addition of additives from         consulting rounds off our range of     agents are designed to ensure an extremely low-gloss finish for
our wide-ranging portfolio             services.”                             wood coatings.

 Syngenta Group launched to create global agtech market leader
 Syngenta Group Co. Ltd. has           48,000 employees in more than          Group offers comprehensive              Airport City, Israel and Syngenta
 announced the official launch of       100 countries, and had sales of        agronomic solutions and digital         Group China, led by Hengde Qin
 Syngenta Group as a single entity     $23 billion in 2019.                   agricultural services, operating 15     based in Shanghai, China.
 to create a new global leader in         From its inception, Syngenta        key production sites.                      Erik Fyrwald, formerly CEO of
 agricultural science and innovation   Group is the global market leader         Under its new structure, the         Syngenta AG, becomes Syngenta
 that combines the strengths of        in crop protection, the global         organization encompasses four           Group CEO; Chen Lichtenstein,
 Syngenta AG, headquartered            number three in seeds, the             business units: Syngenta Crop           formerly CEO of ADAMA, becomes
 in Switzerland, ADAMA, based          market leader in fertilizer in China   Protection, led by Jon Parr based       Syngenta Group CFO; Steve
 in Israel, and the agricultural       and, with its Modern Agriculture       in Basel, Switzerland; Syngenta         Landsman becomes Syngenta
 businesses of Sinochem,               Platform (MAP) Farmer Solution         Seeds, led by Jeff Rowe based           Group General Counsel, and Laure
 based in China. The new entity,       Centers, a leading agriculture         in Chicago, USA; ADAMA, led             Roberts becomes Syngenta Group
 headquartered in Switzerland, has     services provider in China. The        by Ignacio Dominguez based in           Chief Human Resources Officer.

10                                                                                                                                           Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com                                                                                                         Industry News

NOVA Chemicals and Enerkem
collaborate on plastics recycling
         wo Canadian companies                                                                                       indistinguishable from those made

T        are to collaborate on
         innovative technology
         to close the loop on
recycling and drive a plastics
circular economy. NOVA Chemicals
                                                                                                                     from 100 percent virgin, fossil-
                                                                                                                     based feedstocks.
                                                                                                                        Enerkem is the first company in
                                                                                                                     the world to produce renewable
                                                                                                                     methanol and ethanol from
Corporation, a leading producer of                                                                                   non-recyclable, non-compostable
chemicals and plastic resins, and                                                                                    municipal solid waste at full
Enerkem Inc, a leading waste-to-                                                                                     commercial scale. Its current
renewable fuels and chemicals                                                                                        technologies replace the use of
producer, have entered into a                                                                                        fossil sources like petroleum and
                                       Canadian companies NOVA Chemicals and Enerkem Inc have
joint development agreement to                                                                                       natural gas to produce sustainable
                                       formed a joint development agreement to explore turning non-
explore turning non-recyclable                                                                                       fuels and chemicals that are used
                                       recyclable and non-compostable municipal waste into ethylene, a
and non-compostable municipal                                                                                        in a broad range of everyday
                                       basic building block for plastics
waste into ethylene, a basic                                                                                         products.
building block for plastics. The       commercial scale. The companies         are a necessary component of             NOVA Chemicals is committed
companies will research advanced       say ethylene produced from waste        moving to zero plastic waste by       to enabling 100 per cent of
recycling technology to transform      would advance a plastics circular       creating valuable new feedstocks      plastics packaging is recyclable
hard-to-recycle municipal waste,       economy and help meet consumer          from post-use plastics that cannot    or recoverable by 2030; and 100
including items such as plastics,      brand goals for recycled content in     be easily mechanically recycled and   per cent of plastics packaging is
household waste, and construction      packaging.                              the quality of polymers produced      re-used, recycled or recovered by
materials, into ethylene at full         Advanced recycling technologies       with advanced recycling products is   2040.

Bionema secures Innovate UK grant to complete
development of microencapsulation technology
Bionema Ltd, a leading UK-based        effective control of pests, such
biotechnology company, has             as western flower thrips, aphids,
received a grant from Innovate UK      whitefly and spider mites, requires
to support the company’s continued     a robust formulation for targeted
development of its bioinsecticide      delivery. Currently, these pests
microencapsulation formulation,        are controlled by conventional
which, the company says, delivers      chemical insecticides but some of
an effective alternative to chemical   them have now developed product
pesticides. This additional £98,000    resistance, while other products
Continuity Grant complements           have been removed from the
an initial £1.0 million in funding     market, due to their harmful impact
support from Innovate UK, the          on the environment and human
national funding agency that invests   health. Ansari says that biopesticide
in science and research in the UK,     formulation and its targeted delivery   Dr Minshad Ansari of Bionema: developing new
and from the Welsh Government’s        is a more stable and sustainable        microencapsulation formulation and delivery systems as the basis
SMART Cymru.                           approach for controlling these pests    of increasingly effective biopesticide products.
   Dr Minshad Ansari, a world-         which are causing billions of dollars
leading biopesticideexpert             of crop damage on a world-wide          be registered and distributed         University of Birmingham and at
who leads Bionema’s research           scale.                                  across Europe, the US and Canada.     Bionema. In addition to Bionema’s
team, commented: “The funding             The Continuity Grant-funded          Currently, trials are in place with   research, development and
is helping the company to              project aims to develop a unique        several multi-national chemical       commercial teams, Silsoe Spray
continue the development of its        manufacturing process of proven         companies and distributors to         Application Unit is also testing the
microencapsulation formulation and     microencapsulation formulation          commercialize the technology.         product’s large-scale applicability
deliverysystems, which is crucial      technology for next-generation             The project team includes          and Applied Insect Science, a
to the developmentof effective         bioinsecticide control. New             formulation experts from the School   regulatory service, is managing the
biopesticide products,” adding that    microencapsulated products will         of Chemical Engineering at the        registration of the product.

Summer 2020                                                                                                                                           11
Industry News                                                                                                               www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com

 Mergers & Aquisitions                                                            Catalent completes purchase
 LANXESS completes acquisition of
                                                                                  of pharmaceutical packaging
 Brazilian biocide manufacturer IPEL                                              facility in Japan
 LANXESS has completed the acquisition of Brazilian biocides
                                                                                  Catalent has completed the                 role in its expanding Asia-Pacific
 manufacturer Itibanyl Produtos Especiais Ltda. (IPEL). Headquartered in          purchase of Teva-Takeda                    network, working alongside two
 Jarinu, São Paulo, IPEL is one of Brazil’s leading biocide manufacturers         Pharmaceuticals’ packaging facility        sites in China and one in Singapore
 and generated sales in the lower double-digit million dollar range in            in Minakuchi, Shiga Prefecture,            to support customers’ clinical trials
 2018, with about 100 employees. IPEL generates the majority of its sales         Japan. Operating in partnership with       across the region.
 through biocides and speciality chemicals for the paints and coatings            the company’s existing Japanese               The facility will offer extensive
 industry. The company’s product portfolio also includes preservatives            clinical supply facility located in        clinical supply services including
 and fungicides for process control in water treatment as well as active          Kakegawa, the new 60,000-square-           access to Catalent’s FastChain
 ingredients for disinfection and cleaning agents.                                foot facility will provide customers       demand-led supply services,
                                                                                  with flexible clinical supply solutions,    primary and secondary packaging
 Gilead Sciences to acquire interest                                              serving both local customers and           capabilities, and a range of
 in Pionyr Immunotherapeutics                                                     global biotech and pharmaceutical          temperature options for storage
 Gilead Sciences, Inc is to acquire a 49.9% equity interest in Pionyr             companies. Catalent stated that            and distribution, as well as clinical
 Immunotherapeutics Inc for $275 million with an exclusive option to              the facility would play an important       returns and destruction services.
 purchase the remainder of Pionyr, a privately held company developing
 first-in-class cancer immunotherapies. Under the agreement, Pionyr’s              SOCMA on-demand training
 shareholders may receive up to an additional $1.47 billion in option
 exercise fees and future milestone payments. Pionyr’s Myeloid Tuning             for chemical operators
 therapies have the potential to treat patients who currently do not benefit       SOCMA, the Society of Chemical             Dettinger, Senior Director, Compliance
 from checkpoint inhibitor therapies and the company’s PY314 and PY159            Manufacturers and Affiliates, reports       & Stewardship at SOCMA. “Having
 candidates have demonstrated preclinical efficacy, suggesting potential in        that since its launch in January, 15       led EHS&S operations at a facility
 solid tumours in combination with established anti-PD(L)-1 agents. Pionyr        companies across 42 facilities have        for many years, I understand the
 plans to file investigational new drug (IND) applications with the FDA for        adopted its Chemical Operations            importance of thorough training and
 both candidates in the third quarter of this year. Pending Phase 1b results      Training Tool to train and refresh         the need to safely onboard operators
 from either candidate, or sooner if Gilead chooses, Gilead can exercise its      employees on standard operations and       about the mechanics behind each
 exclusive option to acquire the remainder of Pionyr.                             processes in chemical manufacturing        process.”
                                                                                  and that SOCMA is now expanding               Companies that have implemented
 KRAHN Chemie acquires Greek distributor                                          this modernized training tool to non-      the modernized platform found the
 KRAHN Chemie GmbH has acquired a majority share of InterActive SA,               member manufacturers.                      tool to be an efficient resource for
                                                                                     “SOCMA developed this                   both in-person and remote training.
 headquartered in Athens, Greece. Through this strategic acquisition, the
                                                                                  comprehensive programme with               Further information can be found at
 KRAHN Chemie Group has expanded its footprint not only in Europe but
                                                                                  on-demand training in mind,” said Joe      www.socma.org
 also to cover the Israeli market. InterActive SA was founded in 1990 and
 specializes in the distribution of lubricant additives in the Israeli, Greek
 and Cypriot markets, as well as scientific instruments for R&D and QC
                                                                                  Eastman partners with IMCD Group
 laboratories in the oil, pharma & chemical industries by representing            to expand EMEA speciality plastics
 international manufacturers.
                                                                                  distribution network
 Eppendorf acquires centrifuge                                                    Eastman Chemical is expanding and           also start serving an expanded EMEA
 business of Koki Holdings Co, Ltd                                                reinforcing its strategic partnership       market comprised of more than 30
 Eppendorf AG and Koki Holdings Co, Ltd, have reached an agreement                with IMCD Group for the distribution        countries.
 that Eppendorf will acquire the Japanese company’s centrifuge business,          of its speciality plastics. The company        “IMCD is already a strategic
 including the premium himac brand. The acquisition marks a targeted              offers the world’s largest portfolio of     partner in the distribution for various
 step by Hamburg, Germany-based Eppendorf AG to expand its centrifuge             thermoplastic polyester materials and       Eastman speciality materials,
 business, solidifying its strong market position as one of the world’s leading   IMCD will distribute these products         with demonstrated synergies and
 makers of high-end centrifuges for the pharmaceutical and life science           over a wide range of markets and            processes alignment,” said Eastman
 industries as well as for academic and commercial research. Koki Holdings        applications, including medical,            sales director Oliver Osborne. “We
 said that it will focus on developing its position as a comprehensive provider   consumer durables, cosmetics,               believe this expanded partnership
 of power tools aiming to become a leading global company through                 personal care, and packaging,               will ensure a smooth transition for
 strategic investment, accelerated technology and product development.            amongst others. Currently, IMCD             our speciality plastics customers
 Koki Holdings Co, Ltd, develops and produces ultracentrifuges and floor-          distributes Eastman speciality plastics     whose distribution arrangements with
 standing centrifuges under the brand name himac.                                 in Spain and Portugal and under the         incumbent distribution partners finish
                                                                                  new distribution agreement, IMCD will       at the end of July.”

12                                                                                                                                                  Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com

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Industry News                                                                                                            www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com

MFG Chemical obtains ISO 9001: 2015
Certification for Pasadena, Texas plant
         S-based speciality                                                                                               and regulatory requirements.

U        and custom chemical
         manufacturer MFG
         Chemical has achieved
ISO 9001:2015 Certification for
its 26.7 acre plant in Pasadena,
                                                                                                                          ISO 9001 is based on the plan-
                                                                                                                          to-check-act methodology and
                                                                                                                          provides a process-oriented
                                                                                                                          approach to documentation and
                                                                                                                          reviewing the activities. As part of
Texas, completing certification for                                                                                        the ISO9001:2015 certification
all four of the company’s plants, the                                                                                     process, MFG Chemical engaged
other three being located in Dalton,                                                                                      in a rigorous audit of its business
Georgia. MFG was one of the first                                                                                          processes, as well as its product
chemical companies to achieve ISO                                                                                         quality environments. The
9001:2015 Certification, beginning                                                                                         company said that by maintaining
                                        MFG Chemical’s Pasadena, Texas facility: ISO 9001:15 Certification
in October of 2016, and has now         means that all four of the company’s manufacturing facilities are now
                                                                                                                          this level of certification, MFG
been audited and certified four times.   certified to this international quality management system standard.
                                                                                                                          Chemical is able to demonstrate a
   ISO 9001 is the international                                                                                          quality management system and
standard that specifies                  management system (QMS) and              to consistently provide products         continuous improvement of its
requirements for a quality              is used to demonstrate the ability       and services that meet customer          products and services.

New Solvay hydrogen peroxide                                                                                              at better serving our customers in
                                                                                                                          Vietnam,” said Suthichai Srihawan,

dilution and packing plant in Vietnam                                                                                     general manager of Solvay Peroxides
                                                                                                                          Vietnam “To support sustainability
Solvay Peroxides Vietnam has started    local demand for international           group’s HS&E standards and now           and a circular economy, the use
production at its new hydrogen          standard quality hydrogen peroxide       high-quality hydrogen peroxides are      of returnable packaging has been
peroxide dilution and packing plant     for the textile industry and other       being supplied by Solvay Peroxythai      implemented with our distributors
at Phuc Long Industrial Zone in Long    applications. As the first Solvay         in Thailand and diluted and packed       and customers. This action allows
An Province, Vietnam. The facility      industrial facility based in Vietnam,    to meet Vietnamese customer              customers to minimize the non-
is designed to reach 24,000 ton         the plant was built and made             requirements locally.                    ore operation of managing used
capacity per year to meet growing       operational in full alignment with the      “With this new plant we are aiming    packaging.”

 People on the Move
 AMPAC Fine Chemicals (AFC) has promoted Dr Jeff Butler to the position of President of the company. Dr Butler has performed
 in leadership roles of increasing responsibility at AFC, with his most previous position being Vice President of Project Management. In
 his new role, he is responsible for operations across all AFC US-based facilities. He holds a PhD in Chemistry from the University of
 California, Davis and conducted his post-doctoral research in chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin. He will continue to operate
 out of AFC’s Rancho Cordova, California, USA facilities.                                                                                      Dr Jeff Butler

 Pierre-Alain Ruffieux will become Chief Executive Officer of Lonza effective November 1, 2020. He is currently Head of Global
 Pharma Technical Operations at Roche where he and his 12,000-strong team are responsible for all aspects of pharmaceutical
 commercial manufacturing and supply chain operations, technical, quality assurance and regulatory. Prior to that he held roles of
 increasing seniority at Novartis and has more than 20 years’ experience in biopharmaceuticals.                                                Pierre-Alain
                                                                                                                                               Ruffieux

 Cambrex has named Tom Loewald as its new Chief Executive Officer and a member of the company’s Board of Directors effective
 September , 2020, the company being led in the interim by an Office of the CEO comprised of Wayne Hewett, Chairman of the
 Board, Robert Green, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Samantha Hanley, Senior Vice President and General
 Counsel. Loewald worked for 15-years at Thermo Fisher Scientific, where he served in several senior executive roles, including Chief
 Commercial Officer, President of the Analytical Instruments Group, President of the Laboratory Products Group, and President of the          Tom Loewald
 Laboratory Equipment Division. He currently serves as President of the Flexibles Division of ProAmpac, a leading flexible packaging
 manufacturer. Earlier in his career he held leadership positions at Tyco International and General Electric. Loewald currently serves on the Board of
 Directors of Harvard BioScience, a global developer, manufacturer and marketer of a broad range of solutions to advance life science.

14                                                                                                                                             Summer 2020
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Summer 2020                                                                                                               15
Life Sciences Focus: Drug Discovery                                                                            www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com

Gene editing and gene modulation
technologies support drug discovery
Horizon Discovery has developed a broad range of gene editing and gene modulation technologies that enable
scientists to gain a greater understanding of gene function and apply this knowledge to the development of novel
biotherapeutics, gene therapies and diagnostic workflows. This article reviews recent developments at the company.

          eadquartered in

H         Cambridge, UK and with
          offices in the US and
          Japan, Horizon Discovery
Group plc specializes in the
application of gene editing and
gene modulation technologies
that support drug discovery and
development within the global
life sciences sector, offering a
portfolio of tools and services
to help scientists gain a greater
understanding of gene function,
identify genetic drivers behind
human disease and deliver
biotherapeutics, cellular and gene
therapies for precision medicine
as well as for the development
and validation of diagnostic
workflows. The company’s
solutions are designed to enable
almost any gene to be altered, or
its function modulated, in human
and other mammalian cell lines.
   Its clients include leading
academic institutes,
global pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies and
                                       Horizon Discovery is now offering an arrayed CRISPR knockout screening service for primary human
clinical diagnostic laboratories.
                                       B cells, cells that are freshly isolated from donors and known to be difficult to study in the lab.
Horizon says that its insight into
                                       Pictured is a B-lymphocyte antibody-producing immune cell. (Image from Shutterstock © Kateryna Kon)
the challenges faced by these
organisations enables it to focus
its efforts on the development of      cell lines are optimized to work    format. The cell lines are           step of generating a stable cell
innovative solutions that not only     alongside the company’s Edit-R      QC-verified and validated to         line and the cost associated
differentiate its offering, but that   predesigned synthetic single        ensure stable expression and         with purchasing a nuclease
also fuel development of the next      guide RNA (sgRNA) and CRISPRa       functionality of Cas9 or dCas9-      could help researchers increase
wave of precision medicines.           guide RNA, offering researchers a   VPR endonuclease in a range          R&D productivity and allow
                                       complete solution to simplify and   of common cell backgrounds.          novice users to gain a better
Gene knockout and gene                 streamline CRISPR gene editing      Both cell lines are available in     understanding of the CRISPR
activation studies                     and modulation workflows.           the same background to enable        workflow.
Earlier this month (July 2020),           Horizon’s Cas9 and dCas9-        loss-of-function and gain-of-
the company introduced its stably      VPR stable cell lines were          function studies to be performed     Production of highly
expressing Cas9 and dCas9-VPR          generated using its Edit-R          in parallel without the need to      complex proteins
cell lines to help accelerate gene     Lentiviral particles with a         engineer a cell line specifically    In a separate recent
knockout and gene activation           blasticidin resistance cassette     for this purpose. Horizon says       development, in May of this
experiments, respectively. The         and are provided in pooled          that removing the time-intensive     year, biopharmaceuticals CDMO

16                                                                                                                                 Summer 2020
www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com                                                                        Life Sciences Focus: Drug Discovery

                                      proteins to support researchers       gene-edited GS knockout CHO          B cells, cells that are freshly
                                      from early drug development           K1 cell line expression system,      isolated from donors and known
                                      through to commercial                 offered by Batavia Biosciences       to be difficult to study in the
                                      manufacturing.                        as part of its STEP-mAb service,     lab. One advantage of working
Horizon says that
                                         The two companies say              was used to generate a high          with these cells, however, is
its insight into the                  that by entering into the             yielding cell line for Immutep’s     that it brings scientists one step
challenges faced by                   agreement, they aim to empower        IMP761 product candidate, an         closer to healthy or diseased
these organisations                   organisations of all sizes, from      agonist antibody targeting the       micro-environments, enabling
                                      large pharmaceutical companies        immune checkpoint lymphocyte         them to better understand
enables it to focus                   to clinical stage biotechs and        activation gene LAG-3 which          disease etiology and therapeutic
its efforts on the                    early-stage startups, to drive        controls the signaling between       mechanisms and thereby
development of                        efficiencies in biotherapeutic         specific immune cells, T cells       advance drug discovery and
                                      manufacturing and that Rentschler     and antigen-presenting cells         development programmes.
innovative solutions
                                      Biopharma’s integrated platform       responsible for the adaptive            Horizon has already applied
that not only                         process, together with Horizon’s      immune response, making it a         its gene editing and cell
differentiate its                     cell line, will provide innovative    promising focus for novel cancer     culture expertise to maintain
offering, but that also               and tailored solutions to translate   therapies or for the treatment of    the viability of primary human
                                      complex medical research into         autoimmune conditions such as        T cells to enable functional
fuel development                      new biopharmaceuticals, elevating     inflammatory bowel diseases,         genomic screens and has been
of the next wave of                   the standard of protein expression    rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple   delivering data-rich information
precision medicines                   and allowing clients to access a      sclerosis.                           to customers working in drug
                                      robust and flexible approach for          In yet another CHOSOURCE          discovery and development.
                                      designer protein therapeutics from    platform development, Horizon        Horizon says the new B cell
                                      concept to market.                    announced in April this year         screening service, the first of its
                                                                            that it was offering special         kind in the market, will enable
Rentschler Biopharma SE and           Immunotherapy                         licensing terms to facilitate        researchers to identify genes that
Horizon signed a commercial           development                           rapid access to the CHOSOURCE        affect the function of B cells and
licence agreement under which         Horizon had earlier announced         for the development of COVID-        examine how this impacts other
Horizon’s cGMP-compliant              that the CHOSOURCE                    19-related therapeutics and          immune cell types, particularly
CHOSOURCE platform will               platform had played a key             diagnostics. Horizon is already      in infectious diseases, cancer,
be used in combination with           role in generating a stable           a key supplier for COVID-19-         and auto-immune disorders,
Rentschler Biopharma’s novel          cell line for the development         related research as a provider of    such as COVID-19, Burkitt’s
in-house process for cell line        of an immunotherapy for               tools and services to academia       lymphoma and multiple sclerosis,
development for difficult-to-         autoimmune diseases with              and industry in their efforts in     respectively.
express proteins. Horizon’s           pharmaceutical-grade, stable          the pandemic.
gene-edited glutamine                 CHO cells delivering high                                                  Further information
synthetase (GS) knockout CHO          yields of monoclonal antibody         Arrayed CRISPR knockout              Horizon Discovery plc
K1 cGMP-compliant cell line           for LAG-3 immunotherapy,              screening service                    Cambridge, UK
will complement Rentschler            enabling Immutep and Batavia          Also in April, Horizon announced     Ph: +44-1223-976160
Biopharma’s existing service          Biosciences to reach an               the addition to its cell-based       E: technical@
offering, providing a royalty-free,   important milestone in the            screening services of an arrayed     horizondiscovery.com
state-of-the-art alternative for      preclinical development of the        CRISPR knockout screening            W: www.horizondiscovery.
the production of highly complex      compound. The company’s               service for primary human            com

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Summer 2020                                                                                                                                      17
Life Sciences Focus: Drug Development                                                                                 www.chemicalsknowledgehub.com

Adopting a phase-appropriate
approach to solid-state
pharmaceutical chemistry
Dr Julian Northen, research manager at Onyx Scientific, explains how a more phase-appropriate approach to solid-
state chemistry may present an effective option for drug development teams in assuring the physical properties of
drug products and ensuring optimal drug performance.

         he majority of today’s marketed drugs                                                             parameters should be identified as markers

T        are administered as solids, making solid-
         state chemistry a critical component
         of pharmaceutical research and
development. The solid-state structure of drug
compounds and their relationship to the drug
                                                                                                           for the competing analogues in play. This can
                                                                                                           include a simple response to changes in pH and
                                                                                                           solubility, Log P, presentation form (oil, solid,
                                                                                                           amorphous, crystalline), and whether a salt can
                                                                                                           form and aid in isolation/development.
formulation requires full consideration to provide
assurance of the physical properties of the                                                                Early development
drug product. A thorough understanding of the                                                              During early development, a robust assessment
compatibility of the chosen solid phase with drug                                                          of the various solid form versions and
product excipients in the solid state (relative to                                                         candidates, such as salt versus API, should
chemical and form stability) is also required to                                                           be carried out. This may encompass solubility
avoid the unwanted changes that can occur in                                                               across a range of pH, solid stability, solution
pharmaceutical preparations.                                                                               stability, crystallinity, and thermal properties.
   Solid form screening and selection is                                                                   The choices must also deliver against chemical
important at all stages of drug development.                                                               development needs, including robustness
However, with increasing demands on                                                                        of process, purge of impurity, and process
                                                     Dr Julian Northen, research manager at
developers to balance cost pressures with the                                                              efficiency. Additionally, an understanding of how
                                                     Onyx Scientific
need for fast progression, especially in the                                                               the various presentations of each version may
early stages, the industry is calling for more       been conducted using the right materials and          influence the drug product is also required,
appropriate strategies that pay attention to the     in a logical order, progression to first-in-human      for instance powder flow, bulk density and
specific requirements at different stages in the      studies can be more efficiently achieved.              morphology for simple solid dose formulations.
product lifecycle.                                      Despite the advantages of adopting this type          The information will provide development
                                                     of approach already being understood, there           groups with options to consider as material
The advantages of collaboration                      still exists a culture of solid form selection that   transitions through Phase 1. For example, the
There is a growing realization from                  is less robust. For example, it is not uncommon       most soluble salt may not always deliver the
pharmaceutical developers that active                for a drug developer to adopt a form or version       best option or approximation of bioavailability.
pharmaceutical ingredient (API) development          based solely on it being an easy way to isolate       Dissolution rate and propensity toward
and manufacturing requires a more interactive        a clean solid, or on the chemistry naturally          disproportionation and the kinetics of the
approach with collaborative input from multiple      delivering the salt or polymorphic form.              process will need to be considered along
groups, including medicinal chemists, solid                                                                with pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluations that
form scientists, development chemists, and           Meeting requirements at different                     support and enable selection. Ideally, the
formulation scientists. Considering input,           stages of development                                 selected version will be maintained through to
objectives and deliverables from different           No two drug candidates are the same and the           commercial manufacture.
parties can aid the adoption of a more               solid-form strategies required for any single API
phase-appropriate approach that will provide         will vary over the course of its development. The     Late phase
developers with a ‘road map’ to ensure               adoption of a phase-appropriate and inclusive         During late-phase development it is critical
screening activities become increasingly             approach can enable a more predictive pathway         to challenge the process in place versus the
comprehensive as the needs and technical             that will enable solid form studies to progress       necessary specification to ensure that the
requirements at each development stage               in a way that ensures specific objectives are          solid form of choice delivers routinely against
evolve. The increased understanding that will        achieved at different stages.                         all performance targets. The process would
be gained through having more individuals                                                                  normally encompass a broader polymorphism
and capabilities involved in the process may         Discovery and lead optimization                       study. This may or may not identify competing
result in considerable time savings when it          Starting at the discovery and lead optimization       versions that will provide additional protection
comes to selection. If the right studies have        stage, a robust set of physiochemical                 from an intellectual property (IP) standpoint. This

18                                                                                                                                            Summer 2020
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