CDP Water Disclosure 2010 Global Report - On behalf of 137 investors with assets of US$16 trillion
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CDP Water Disclosure 2010
Global Report
On behalf of 137 investors with assets of US$16 trillion
Report written for Carbon Disclosure Project
Carbon Disclosure Project by: www.cdproject.net
+44 (0) 20 7970 5660
water@cdproject.netCDP Water Disclosure
CDP Water Disclosure 2010 Environment Agency Active Pension fund PhiTrust Active Investors
Epworth Investment Management Portfolio 21 Investments
137 financial institutions with assets
Essex Investment Management, LLC PSP Investments
of over US$16 trillion were signatories
Ethos Foundation QBE Insurance Group Limited
to the CDP Water Disclosure 2010
F&C Management Ltd Railpen Investments
questionnaire dated April 1, 2010,
including: Fédéris Gestion d’Actifs Real Grandeza Fundação de Previdência e
First Affirmative Financial Network, LLC Assistência Social
Five Oceans Asset Management Pty Limited Rei Super
Aberdeen Immobilien KAG RLAM
Florida State Board of Administration (SBA)
AEGON-INDUSTRIAL Fund Management Co., Ltd Robeco
FRANKFURT-TRUST Investment Gesellschaft mbH
Alcyone Finance Robert Brooke Zevin Associates, Inc
Fukoku Capital Management Inc
Allianz Group Rockefeller Financial Asset Management Group –
Fundação Atlântico de Seguridade Social
Amundi AM SRI Group
Gartmore Investment Management Ltd
APG Group Royal Bank of Canada
Generali Deutschland Holding AG
Aprionis RREEF Investment GmbH
GLS Gemeinschaftsbank eG
ARIA (Australian Reward Investment Alliance) SAM Group
GOOD GROWTH INSTITUT für globale
ASM Administradora de Recursos S.A. Vermögensentwicklung mbH Santa Fé Portfolios Ltda
AustralianSuper Green Cay Asset Management Schroders
AVANA Invest GmbH Green Century Funds SEB
Aviva Investors GROUPE OFI AM Seligson & Co Fund Management Plc
Bank Sarasin & Co, Ltd Henderson Global Investors, Sustainable & Sentinel Investments
Banque Degroof Responsible Investment (SRI) funds Siemens Kapitalanlagegesellschaft mbH
BBVA Hermes Fund Managers SNS Asset Management
Blumenthal Foundation HESTA Super Social(k)
Boston Common Asset Management, LLC HSBC Holdings plc Sompo Japan Insurance Inc.
British Columbia Investment Management ING Sopher Investment Management
Corporation (bcIMC) Jupiter Asset Management Standard Life Investments
British Columbia Teachers’ Federation Salary KB Kookmin Bank Statewide Superannuation
Indemnity Fund
KBC Asset Management NV Superfund Asset Management GmbH
CAAT Pension Plan
KPA Pension Sustainable Capital
Caixa Econômica Federal
La Financière Responsable Svenska Kyrkan, Church of Sweden
California Public Employees’ Retirement System
Living Planet Fund Management Company S.A. Syntrus Achmea Asset Management
California State Teachers’ Retirement System
Local Authority Pension Fund Forum The Central Church Fund of Finland
California State Treasurer
Local Government Super The Daly Foundation
Calvert Group, Ltd.
Lothian Pension Fund The Pension Plan For Employees of the Public
Canada Pension Plan Investment Board Service Alliance of Canada
Macif Gestion
Canadian Labour Congress Staff Pension Fund The Russell Family Foundation
McLean Budden
Capital Innovations Water Investment Partners The Westpac Group
Mergence Africa Investments (Pty) Limited
Catherine Donnelly Foundation Threadneedle Asset Management
Meritas Mutual Funds
Cbus Superannuation Fund Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG)
Central Finance Board of the Methodist Church Trillium Asset Management Corporation
Mizuho Financial Group, Inc.
Ceres, Inc. Triodos Investment Management
Monega Kapitalanlagegesellschaft mbH
Christian Super Union Asset Management Holding AG
National Australia Bank
Christopher Reynolds Foundation UNISON staff pension scheme
National Bank of Canada
CM-CIC Asset Management UniSuper
National Pensions Reserve Fund of Ireland
Colonial First State Global Asset Management United Methodist Church General Board of
Neuberger Berman
Commerzbank AG Pension and Health Benefits
Newton Investment Management Limited
CommInsure Vancity
NH-CA Asset Management
Connecticut Retirement Plans and Trust Funds VicSuper Pty Ltd
Nissay Asset Management Corporation
Co-operative Financial Services (CFS) Victorian Funds Management Corporation
Nordea Investment Management
Corston-Smith Asset Management Sdn. Bhd. Waikato Community Trust Inc
Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM)
Daiwa Securities Group Inc. Walden Asset Management, a division of Boston
Northern Ireland Local Government Officers’ Trust & Investment Management Company
DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale Superannuation Committee (NILGOSC)
Deutsche Bank AG WARBURG - HENDERSON
Northwest and Ethical Investments L.P. Kapitalanlagegesellschaft für Immobilien mbH
Development Bank of Japan Inc. Oregon State Treasurer WestLB Mellon Asset Management (WMAM)
Dexia Asset Management Pax World Funds Winslow Management, A Brown Advisory
Domini Social Investments LLC Pension Protection Fund Investment Group
Element Investment Managers PFA Pension Zurich Cantonal Bank
2Contents
Contents
CDP Water Disclosure Signatories 2010 2
Foreword 4
Executive summary 5
Corporate water sustainability in context 8
Sector overview 10
Geographical overview 18
South Africa focus 20
Best practice 24
Sector snapshots
Chemicals 26
Construction, Infrastructure & Real Estate 28
Food, Beverage & Tobacco 30
Industrial & Manufacturing 32
Metals & Mining 34
Oil & Gas 36
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology 38
Retail, Consumer Discretionary & Consumer Staples 40
Technology & Communications 42
Utilities 44
Appendix: Target sample, voluntary responders 46
3CDP Water Disclosure Foreword Paul Dickinson, Executive Chairman Carbon Disclosure Project Demand for water is projected to outstrip supply by a staggering 40 percent by 2030, and an estimated half the world’s population are likely to live in areas of high water stress by the same year. The impacts on water resources of population growth, rising per capita demand and climate change are already being felt, albeit unevenly across different sectors and geographies. These impacts will increasingly present risks from physical disruptions to operations and supply chains, changing regulatory regimes and reputational damage from misuse, or perceived misuse, of this shared, life-sustaining resource. But the changing availability of water resources will also present opportunities to business through demand for new infrastructure, products and services. Now is the time to start seizing these opportunities, addressing water challenges and building resilience – not once the well has run dry. So is water the new carbon? In the sense that water presents an equally pressing challenge to the long term sustainability of business, yes it is, and the need for greater transparency and access to high quality information to inform and improve decision making is just as vital. As companies have repeatedly demonstrated with carbon, what they measure they manage. Thinking about challenges in a strategic way will enable them to mitigate risks and identify opportunities, putting companies in a far stronger position to navigate a water-constrained world than would otherwise be the case. In other respects water is very different from carbon. Whereas sustainable alternatives to carbon do exist, for water there is no substitute. The challenge therefore lies in managing what we have among competing users, be they businesses, communities or ecosystems. Those competing users or “rivals” (from the Latin for a neighbour who shares a stream) are linked by the geography and politics of their local water systems, making water a local rather than a global management issue, even if its impacts can be felt across the world through the displacement of populations and higher commodity prices. CDP Water Disclosure’s goal is to make meaningful, systematic and comparable reporting on water a standard corporate practice globally, enabling investors, companies themselves, governments and other stakeholders to put this data at the heart of their decision making. More immediately, we seek to raise awareness and enhance understanding of water-related issues, and this excellent report by Environmental Resources Management (ERM) Ltd should do just that. We are also delighted to be working with our two lead sponsors, Molson Coors and Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM) and with our project sponsor, Irbaris, and we wholeheartedly applaud all 175 companies at the vanguard of water disclosure that reported through us in our inaugural year. Paul Dickinson Executive Chairman, Carbon Disclosure Project 4
Executive summary
Introduction Highlights from do so for their supply chains. Sectors
2010 disclosures reporting the greatest exposure to water
CDP Water Disclosure replicates risks are Food, Beverage & Tobacco
and builds on the tried-and-trusted The response rate among target and Metals & Mining, while Chemicals
methodology and process that the companies has been impressive for the and Technology & Communications
Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) has program’s first year. Of the 302 target report the least. There is a clear
used for carbon and climate change companies, 150 (50%) responded opportunity for improvement and
since 2003. Backed by 137 institutional to the questionnaire. A further focused attention on supply chains in
investors representing $16 trillion in 25 companies also responded the coming years.
assets, this year CDP sent its first on a purely voluntary basis2.
annual water questionnaire to 302 of The strong response rate in this Water is a current, not a future,
the world’s 500 largest companies in inaugural year is indicative of the high corporate issue. The immediacy
the FTSE Global Equity Index Series, level of importance being placed on of water as a corporate issue was
focusing on sectors that are water water by global corporations across highlighted by the timescales associated
intensive or are particularly exposed sectors and geographies. with water-related risks, with more
to water-related risks. than half of the risks identified across
Water has climbed high on the all categories (physical, regulatory and
Although water issues are as unique corporate agenda. 67% of responding ‘other’) being classified as either current
and varied as their local context, companies report that responsibility or near-term (1-5 years), and 39% of
the overarching concern of water for water-related issues lies at the companies already having experienced
management is access: whether the Board or Executive Committee level, detrimental impacts. These impacts fall
appropriate quantity and quality of while 89% have developed specific into the broad categories of disruption
water is available for competing human water policies, strategies, and plans. to operations from drought or flooding
users and for environmental health Encouragingly, 60% have set water- (in one case resulting in $100 million
both now and in the future. The CDP related performance targets. in remediation costs), declining water
Water Disclosure questionnaire brings quality necessitating costly on-site
insight into the challenges that this Response rates vary widely pre-treatment, increases in water
presents to companies by requesting between different sectors and prices, and fines and litigation relating
information on their water strategies geographies. 100% of companies in to pollution incidents.
and management plans, on their water- the Chemicals sector responded
related risks and opportunities, and on compared with just 29% in the Oil & Corporations are identifying
their water use within the context of Gas and Construction, Infrastructure & a wide range of water-related
local scarcity or abundance. Real Estate sectors. Responses were opportunities. Even in this early
received from companies in a total of 25 phase of water reporting, 62% of
This report1, prepared by countries, with the highest number of respondents identify significant water-
Environmental Resources Management responses coming from the US (59, 57% related business opportunities. Widely
Ltd (ERM) analyses the responses responding), the UK (14, 64% responding) cited examples include improved
to the CDP Water Disclosure 2010 and Japan (13, 45% responding), and water management practices leading
questionnaire. Throughout this report, the highest response rates from South to reduced operating costs (e.g. for
response rates reflect the full number Africa (100%), Germany (83%), and mines and industrial and manufacturing
of responders while all other statistics Switzerland (71%). processes), increasing urbanization
include only those companies that and population growth expanding the
have chosen to make their responses Respondents have a good overall market for water treatment chemicals
publicly available. These responses are awareness of water risks and water (particularly in Asia), and a growing
available to view at www.cdproject.net. usage within their own operations, demand for water infrastructure to
but much less knowledge of their support growing populations and to
1. Please see the Important Notice on the inside back cover supply chains. 96% of responding adapt to climate change (e.g. flood
of this report regarding its content and use.
companies were able to identify whether defense and stormwater systems).
2. The statistics reported only include responses from
the 302 targeted companies in order to ensure that
subsequent reports compare a similar dataset. Best
their own operations are exposed to
practice and other elements of the report also draw on the water risks while just 53% were able to
25 purely voluntary responses received from companies
outside the target 302 who are listed in the Appendix.
5CDP Water Disclosure
This report does not rank or score
companies either on the quality of their Molson Coors Brewing Company commentary
disclosures or on their performance in
Peter Swinburn, President & CEO
water management. However, it does
contain numerous examples of best
practice from a wide range of
companies, notably from the likes of Plentiful, fresh water is what brought John Molson to the banks of the
Anglo American, Colgate-Palmolive, St. Lawrence River in Montreal, Adolph Coors to Clear Creek in Golden,
Ford Motor, General Electric, Colorado, and it was the waters beneath Burton-on-Trent that gave birth to
PG&E and Taiwan Semiconductor the British brewing industry we know today. Water is the #1 ingredient in beer
Manufacturing. These companies, and the quality of our beer is tied directly to the quality of the water we use to
produce it. Ensuring fresh water as a sustainable resource is not just part of
and many others, have recognized
our heritage, it also plays a vital role in our future.
the critical nature of water to their
business and are taking steps on As a global brewer with over 350 years of experience developing and
the journey towards sustainable implementing real-world solutions for water use and conservation, we have
water management. learned that solutions to global water issues are often locally based and
require individuals, non-profit organizations, and corporations to engage
and collaborate in their watersheds and communities. We have also learned
that transparency must serve as the cornerstone for stimulating integrated
watershed resource management.
Although many companies have increased their knowledge and transparency
around operational water use, many still have work to do with respect to
water usage across supply chains. At the same time, the cost savings and
risk mitigation opportunities inherent in closer evaluation of water use is
contributing to even greater focus and action.
We are encouraged that CDP Water Disclosure has received such a strong
response from companies in its inaugural year. This is an indication of the
growing importance that companies and their investors are placing on water
issues. As we enter a new era of increased expectations around water
management and reporting, the growing interest that is building behind
CDP’s efforts is a valuable signal that we are moving collectively in the
right direction.
Working with CDP on this issue is a logical next step for corporations that are
committed to clean water and water sustainability. It’s clear that collaboration
and progress require working from the same, reliable information and CDP
Water Disclosure is perfectly positioned to normalize best practice and
mediate between investors and companies in valuing risks and opportunities.
As we move forward, companies must accept the responsibility for their own
transparency and join in this effort to help advance what will hopefully emerge
as a common water reporting standard benefiting all stakeholders.
On behalf of Molson Coors, I want to congratulate CDP Water Disclosure on
a very successful first year. We look forward to exploring new opportunities to
encourage and support this critical initiative on behalf of the key stakeholders
that have a vested interest in the continued success of companies like ours,
as well as the various communities where we operate globally.
6Executive summary
“As both the world
Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM) commentary
population and the
Anne Kvam, Global Head of Ownership Strategies
demand for clean water
are increasing, water
NBIM is responsible for investing the assets of the Norwegian Government availability is decreasing
Pension Fund Global. NBIM uses its ownership rights to safeguard the
fund’s assets by promoting good corporate governance and high social and in some locations around
environmental standards at companies it invests in.
the world. For its part,
As a diversified investor with a long-term outlook and investments in a range Colgate strives to use
of sectors at risk from increasingly scarce water resources, we take water
management seriously. Companies that fail to consider the impact of water this natural resource
scarcity and other water-related risks pose a financial risk to investments.
more efficiently and has
As lead partner in CDP Water Disclosure and with water management as established water-related
one of our strategic focus areas, NBIM is very pleased with the outcome of
the project’s first questionnaire. The strong response rate suggests that goals to ensure we do so.
companies recognise water is a critical issue that needs to be dealt with
promptly and adequately. It also indicates that companies understand the
Our strategy is company-
importance of disclosing and reporting on their water management. wide and applies to all
Also encouraging is that many companies see water as a significant area
of opportunity. manufacturing and R&D
sites around the world.”
As expected, many companies have a good awareness of water-related risks
in their own operations, but considerably less knowledge about risks in their
supply chains. We hope this report will encourage companies to focus more
on water management in the supply chain. Sustainable water management is
Colgate-Palmolive
vital for the long-term performance of companies.
Irbaris LLP commentary
David Hampton, Managing Partner
Disclosure of environmental risks and opportunities is increasingly important
to many stakeholders and it is exciting to see the high level of response to
the CDP’s inaugural Water Disclosure questionnaire, especially given how
events in the past 12 months have demonstrated the devastating social and
economic effects of both too much and too little water.
As is made clear in throughout this report, water issues are already creating
challenges and opportunities for many businesses. One critical role for
disclosure is as a catalyst for change. Corporate actions on water are
required on two levels. Clearly, companies should be taking steps to reduce
water usage and water-related risks along their supply chain. They also need
to consider how the (future) water constrained world could look and what
it could mean for customers, suppliers and communities in which the
company operates.
Water disclosure is at an early stage and, although rapid progress is
being made, much still needs to be done. We fully expect that CDP Water
Disclosure will become an essential source of information and insight for
internal and external stakeholders to help catalyze companies to take the
necessary actions.
7Corporate water
sustainability in context
“Typically water is a get In November 2009, CDP published In addition, there has been a recent
the results of a Water Disclosure Pilot focus on the notion and formalization
into business and/or stay that was undertaken as part of CDP of water rights, evidenced by the
in business requirement. Supply Chain in 2008. The report declaration in July 2010 by the United
noted the growing issue of water Nations General Assembly that clean
The mining industry is scarcity, and highlighted the limited water and sanitation are a fundamental
dependent on water, and business awareness of the issues, human right. The declaration received
risks and opportunities associated a large amount of publicity and has
water is a finite resource. with water. Only half of the respondents increased the salience of water access
With water scarcity viewed water as a significant risk for as an international political issue,
their business or their supply chain, illustrated by the Stockholm Statement
scenarios a looming threat, and the majority of companies focused that emerged from World Water Week,
the identified opportunities largely on water management issues and discussions around water in the
in their own facilities. context of funding for climate change
will enable Anglo Platinum adaptation in advance of COP16 in
to continue with business- Since the 2008 Pilot, the focus on Cancun at the end of November 2010.
corporate water management has
as-usual and enable long- been strengthened in a range of ways. There is also growing evidence of
term expansion plans.” Firstly, in the last six to nine months broader corporate understanding
there have been a number of water- of the water issue in terms of the
related incidents that have served to formalization of the link between
Anglo Platinum move the issue up the agenda. The water and energy (or the “water-
major floods in China and Pakistan energy nexus”). The increasing focus
have together resulted in almost on “unconventional petroleum” sources
$100 billion in damage to date. such as oil shales, tar sands and coal
Shares in the Zijin Mining Group were seam gas, which require significant
suspended from trading on the Hong water inputs during extraction and
Kong stock exchange on October production and can also lead to the
4th 2010 in advance of disclosure discharge of significantly polluted
of the penalties and clean-up costs wastewaters, is a case in point.
associated with the 2.4 million gallon Global Water Intelligence for example
acid spill into the Ting river in July estimated that it takes 11 barrels
2010. The Ajka aluminium waste spill of water to transport and separate
in Hungary has now reached the each barrel of bitumen from Canadian
Danube, having extinguished all life tar sands2.
from the Marcal river. Widespread
drought conditions in China, Argentina,
Russia and New Zealand have
hurt profits in the agricultural and
hydroelectric sectors. The business
impacts of water issues are becoming
increasingly evident.
1. The statement urged the high-level Plenary Meeting on
the Millennium Development Goals to “act upon the
fundamental roles of water resources, drinking water,
sanitation and water for all” Stockholm International
Water Institute, 2010. http://www.siwi.org/sa/node.
asp?node=1044
2. Global Water Intelligence, 21st January 2010. www.
globalwaterintel.com/insight/how-can-we-meet-oils-
growing-demand-water.html).
8Corporate water sustainability in context
The response of the corporate sector The concept of water footprinting “Climate Change and
to these various developments has emerged in the early 2000’s from the
been varied, as demonstrated by work of Arjen Hoekstra at UNESCO- global warming could
the 2010 CDP Water Disclosure IHE and has been the subject of reduce snow pack and
responses, but it generally recognizes much discussion from a corporate
the increasing importance that perspective. While there have been runoff volumes needed
water plays in an organization’s controversies over the specifics of the to support Hydro electric
“license to operate”, particularly process, the establishment of an ISO
in areas that are water-stressed working group for the development generation. This, in turn,
or that are likely to become of a water footprinting standard may is likely to raise the cost
so. Widespread business support herald progress. This working group
for the various corporate water seeks to establish a methodology of energy production.
initiatives that have emerged in the which will allow users to understand Those costs could have
recent past is a clear indicator of this the water process more fully,
growing corporate interest in current identify the reduction “pressure a direct impact on the
approaches to water sustainability. points” within the process, and financial bottom line for
The work of organizations such as ensure the comparability and
the CEO Water Mandate, the Alliance accuracy of the footprints. the company.”
for Water Stewardship, and the newly
upgraded WBCSD Water Project are Whilst progress in water accounting/
helping to place business at the centre water footprinting has been uneven, Air Products and
of the global response to the problem a concept that has received significant Chemicals
of water scarcity. The corporate growing support within the last year
response to water management has is that of “water stewardship”. The
also led to the emergence of more water stewardship concept seeks to
in-depth methodologies for measuring broaden the focus of corporate
and understanding organizational water sustainability away from
water use. simply quantifying water use
volumes, to the active promotion
Businesses are increasingly realizing of responsible water usage.
that it is no longer sufficient to simply Championed globally by the Alliance
gather and report on water usage and for Water Stewardship the concept
discharge volumes, but that there is an is aimed at creating “a program that
additional need to further characterize recognizes and rewards water users
this water usage, by understanding and managers who take major steps
both the geography of usage, the to minimize the impacts of their water
nature of water sources and the scale use and management”.
of overall impacts resulting from
abstraction and discharge. This is The Carbon Disclosure Project’s
most comprehensively achieved launch of CDP Water Disclosure
through the process of water marks another significant milestone
footprinting, which allows a towards improved corporate water
comprehensive assessment of management. The program is building
water usage across a company’s on an extremely effective blueprint,
operations within a defined scope. and the high level of engagement
from companies in this inaugural
year suggests that it is well placed
to serve as a driver for improved
water measurement and management
and the global dissemination of best
practice relating to water, and to
provide a reservoir of data and
knowledge to inform decision
making by investors, companies,
governments and other stakeholders
in the coming years.
9Sector overview
“Industries need clean, Introduction In addition, 25 companies from
outside the target sample responded
abundant, secure, and There has been an impressive on a purely voluntary basis. These
competitively priced response to the program’s first companies are not included in the
questionnaire, with 150 (50%) of the statistical analysis but examples
sources of water and target sample of 302 companies of best practice and other elements
have a responsibility to responding. Of these, a very of the report draw on their responses.
creditable 122 (81%) chose to make
the public debate on their responses publicly available. Sector response rates
water policies that Throughout this report, response rates
reflect the full number of responders A sector-by-sector comparison
affect industries.” while all other statistics include only provides an insight into the particular
those companies that have chosen to challenges and opportunities each
make their responses publicly available. sector faces and the extent to which
Caterpillar
they are taking action. Certainly,
response rates varied widely across
sectors, with the rates for Chemicals
Fig. 1: Number of responding companies and response rates by sector (100%) and Pharmaceuticals & Biotech
(81%) in stark contrast to those for
Chemicals
Oil & Gas (29%) and Construction,
Infrastructure & Real Estate (29%).
10 (100%)
Given the importance of water to these
Construction, Infrastructure & Real Estate sectors, and their potential impacts on
6 (29%) water supplies, a greater commitment
to reporting would be desirable.
Food, Beverage & Tobacco
15 (63%)
Industrial & Manufacturing
23 (49%)
Metals & Mining
16 (59%)
Oil & Gas
15 (29%)
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
17 (81%)
Retail, Consumer Discretionary & Consumer Staples
17 (49%)
Technology & Communications
17 (59%)
Utilities
14 (39%)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Percentage response rates
10Sector overview
Water targets and goals The number of companies reporting “Our goal is to reduce our
absolute targets for water reduction
Water is already high on the corporate or water efficiency targets is notable. Group freshwater use per
agenda with 67% of respondents Slightly more companies reported tonne of product by six
reporting responsibility for water- absolute targets (36) than efficiency
related issues at the board or executive targets (33), which is encouraging per cent by 2013 from
committee level, and 89% already given that the former are generally a 2008 baseline.”
having developed water policies, more onerous and are considered best
strategies or plans. Encouragingly, 60% practice, particularly in water-stressed
of respondents disclosed concrete regions. In many cases companies Rio Tinto
performance goals - which are essential reported both absolute and efficiency
to improving water management - for a targets, which is why for sectors
range of indicators including reductions such as Food, Beverage & Tobacco
in use, quality of discharges, sustainability the combined number of companies
of supply (including river management), reporting these targets (14) in Figure
provision of safe drinking water to 3 exceeds the number of companies
local communities and community reporting any target (12) in Figure 2.
engagement. As illustrated in Figure 2,
Food, Beverage & Tobacco (100%) “In 2009, GE’s water use was 10.7
are clear leaders while Oil & Gas (8%) billion gallons, a 30% reduction
perform particularly poorly. from 2006.”
General Electric
Fig. 2: Number of companies setting Fig. 3: Number of companies setting absolute reduction
any water-related target and efficiency targets
Chemicals Chemicals
4 (50%) 4 (50%) 2 1
Construction, Infrastructure & Real Estate Construction, Infrastructure & Real Estate
3 (50%) 3 (50%) 2 1
Food, Beverage & Tobacco Food, Beverage & Tobacco
12 (100%) 5 9
Industrial & Manufacturing Industrial & Manufacturing
11 (79%) 3 (21%) 6 4
Metals & Mining Metals & Mining
6 (43%) 8 (57%) 1 6
Oil & Gas Oil & Gas
1 (8%) 11 (92%) 1
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
11 (79%) 3 (21%) 4 3
Retail, Consumer Discretionary & Consumer Staples Retail, Consumer Discretionary & Consumer Staples
9 (56%) 7 (46%) 5 5
Technology & Communications Technology & Communications
11 (85%) 2 (15%) 6 3
Utilities Utilities
5 (38%) 8 (62%) 4 1
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Percentage response rates Total
■ Specific target reported (73) ■ Absolute target (36)
■ No specific target reorted (49) ■ Efficiency target (33)
11CDP Water Disclosure
“Recent investments Exposure of companies’ own Identification of risks in own
have had to be made to operations to water stress operations and supply chains
improve water security Overall, an impressive 88% of Companies face numerous water-
related risks and for the purposes
following a water supply companies are able to identify which
of the questionnaire they are broken
of their operations are located in water-
shortfall identified in 2004 stressed areas, signaling a high degree down into three categories:
for the Sasol Secunda of awareness of the significance of
• ‘physical risks’ including
water to continuing operations. Retail,
Operations in South Consumer Discretionary & Consumer exposure to water stress, flooding
and pollution;
Africa. A R2.7billion Staples (63%) scored notably less than
• ‘regulatory risks’ including
average and would be advised to
Vaal River Eastern Sub- map the exposure of their sites to higher tariffs, the redistribution of
water rights and more stringent
system (VRESAP) pipeline water stress.
regulations governing water quality;
project, in which Sasol and
• ‘other risks’ including reputational
has a 40% share, has risk (harming the corporate brand),
been commissioned and infrastructure risk (disrupting
operations), and product risk (felt
will provide an additional through decreased demand for
reliable supply of water water-intensive products).
from the Vaal Dam to
both the Sasol Secunda Fig. 4: Companies able to identify whether their own operations
are located in water-stressed regions
operations and for
use by the electricity Chemicals
utility Eskom.” 7 (88%) 1 (12%)
Construction, Infrastructure & Real Estate
Sasol 5 (83%) 1 (17%)
Food, Beverage & Tobacco
12 (100%)
“Motorola conducts routine
risk assessments to Industrial & Manufacturing
13 (93%) 1 (7%)
identify high-risk situations
that could adversely affect Metals & Mining
13 (93%) 1 (7%)
our operations. Our crisis
Oil & Gas
teams have developed 10 (83%) 2 (17%)
preparedness plans to
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
ensure that our response 14 (100%)
will be effective and our Retail, Consumer Discretionary & Consumer Staples
recovery swift.” 10 (63.5%) 6 (37.5%)
Technology & Communications
Motorola 11 (85%) 2 (15%)
Utilities
12 (92%) 1 (8%)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
■ Yes ■ No Percentage response rates
12Sector overview
In general, respondents reported a Fig. 5: Risks reported for own operations and supply chains
good awareness of the water-related
risks to their own operations, with
16 12 8 4 0 4 8 12 16
just 4% unable to identify whether Own Operations Supply Chain
they are or are not subject to such
Chemicals
risk. Companies in Food, Beverage & A 2 4 2 3 5 A
Tobacco (81%) and Metals & Mining B 2 4 2 3 5 B
(81%) were most likely to report C 2 4 2 3 5 C
exposure to physical risks, while those Construction Infrastructure & real Estate
in Chemicals (20%) and Technology 3 3 3 2 1
& Communications (31%) were least 3 3 3 2 1
likely to. Similar patterns were also 4 2 2 3 1
Food, Beverage & Tobacco
exhibited for regulatory and other risks.
2 10 10 2
5 7 7 7 2 3
Perhaps unsurprisingly given its 5 7 5 2 5
newness as an area of management Industrial & Manufacturing
focus, 47% of respondents were 6 8 6 4 4
unable to identify whether their supply 8 6 5 5 4
chains are subject to water-related risk. 10 4 3 6 5
For many sectors, including all those Metals & Mining
2 12 7 2 5
connected with agriculture, supply
4 10 5 9
chains are central to understanding
9 5 2 3 9
and managing water risk. Such risk Oil & Gas
can be mitigated through risk mapping 8 4 2 5 5
and assisting and encouraging 7 5 2 4 6
suppliers to reduce their own 6 6 2 5 5
water footprints, but according to Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
disclosures, such practice is not yet 9 5 6 5 3
commonplace. Companies would be 8 6 5 5 4
7 7 5 4 5
well advised to remedy this. Retail, Consumer Discretionary & Consumer Staples
3 8 5 6 1 9
“To grow our business sustainably 2 10 4 3 4 9
we need to reduce the total amount 4 11 1 3 2 11
of water used across our value chain, Technology & Communications
especially in regions where water 9 4 2 4 7
availability is already under pressure 11 2 2 4 7
from climate change.” 10 3 1 4 8
Utilities
Unilever 7 6 1 4 8
7 6 1 3 9
9 4 1 3 9
16 12 8 4 0 4 8 12 16
Yes No Don’t know A: Physical B: Regulatory C: Other
13CDP Water Disclosure
“We promote water Water withdrawals, While one respondent repudiated
reuse and recycling the mantra “you can’t manage
conservation with our what you don’t measure”, accurate
suppliers. We routinely While 86% of respondents disclosed measurement allows the methodical
the total volume of water that they identification and implementation
ask suppliers about their of water-saving methods, as well as
withdraw, only 64% provided a
conservation programmes breakdown of this figure (giving it either the accurate tracking and reporting
geographical or organizational context), of progress, and should sensibly
when we issue requests for form an integral part of all water
and only 42% provided a figure for
proposal, as well as their recycling and reuse. Overall, Metals management programs.
overall environmental, safety & Mining had the highest reporting
rate and Utilities and Oil & Gas the
and health performance.” lowest. Clearly, there is still work to
do in terms of reporting basic water
metrics, though part of the problem
AEP unquestionably lies with the lack
of a standard measuring and
reporting methodology.
Fig. 6: Proportion of companies reporting figures for withdrawals and reuse /recycling
Provided figure for total Withdrawal figure broken Provided figure for
withdrawal down by geography etc. recycling/reuse
Chemicals 88% 88% 38%
Construction,
Infrastructure & 100% 100% 33%
Real Estate
Food, Beverage & Tobacco 92% 58% 33%
Industrial & Manufacturing 93% 64% 36%
Metals & Mining 100% 86% 79%
Oil & Gas 50% 42% 33%
Pharmaceuticals &
100% 71% 50%
Biotechnology
Retail, Consumer
Discretionary & Consumer 81% 63% 25%
Staples
Technology &
100% 69% 58%
Communications
Utilities 62% 23% 23%
Totals 86% 64% 42%
14Sector overview
Detrimental impacts from treatment, increases in water prices, “Extreme weather events
water already suffered and fines and litigation relating to
pollution incidents. such as hurricanes or
Water is not just a concern for the flooding can … require a
future but is quite clearly a current The immediacy of water as a corporate
issue which is biting companies issue was further highlighted by the shut-down of our plants or
already. A highly significant proportion timescales associated with water- hamper normal operations.
of respondents (39%) report that they related risks, with more than half of the
have suffered detrimental impacts from risks identified across all categories This is associated with
water in the past five years, with Metals (physical, regulatory and other) being production losses, not
& Mining (64%), Utilities (62%) and classified as either current or near-term
Chemicals (50%) worst affected. (1-5 years). only in terms of production
These detrimental impacts fall into being temporarily stopped,
the broad categories of disruption to
operations from drought or flooding
but also in terms of the
(in one case resulting in $100 million transport of raw materials
in remediation costs), declining water
quality necessitating costly on-site pre-
and products by ship.”
BASF
Fig. 7: Companies reporting having suffered detrimental impacts from water
Chemicals
4 (50%) 4 (50%)
Construction, Infrastructure & Real Estate
6 (100%)
Food, Beverage & Tobacco
5 (42%) 7 (58%)
Industrial & Manufacturing
6 (43%) 8 (57%)
Metals & Mining
9 (64%) 5 (36%)
Oil & Gas
5 (42%) 7 (58%)
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
6 (43%) 8 (57%)
Retail, Consumer Discretionary & Consumer Staples
6 (40%) 9 (60%)
Technology & Communications
3 (23%) 10 (77%)
Utilities
8 (62%) 5 (38%)
Total
47 (39%) 75 (61%)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
■ Yes ■ No Percentage response rates
15CDP Water Disclosure
“Air Liquide has developed Fig. 8: Companies identifying water as an opportunity
several solutions for
water treatment in the Chemicals
7 (88%) 1 (12%)
fields such as gas to liquid
transfer, activated sludge
Construction, Infrastructure & Real Estate
5 (83%) 1 (17%)
oxygenation of oxidation
Food, Beverage & Tobacco
processes. Water 8 (67%) 1 (8%) 3 (25%)
treatment is getting more Industrial & Manufacturing
and more important.” 12 (86%) 2 (14%)
Metals & Mining
Air Liquide 13 (93%) 1 (7%)
Oil & Gas
5 (42%) 5 (42%) 2 (16%)
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
5 (36%) 9 (64%)
Retail, Consumer Discretionary & Consumer Staples
8 (50%) 6 (38%) 2 (13%)
Technology & Communications
7 (54%) 5 (38%) 1 (8%)
Utilities
6 (46%) 7 (54%)
Total
76 (62%)
Percentage response rates 37 (30%) 9 (7%)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
■ Yes ■ No ■ Don’t know Percentage response rates
Water as an opportunity water infrastructure to support growing and retain top talent as a result of
populations and to adapt to climate reputational strength, and these are
Perhaps the most encouraging theme change (e.g. flood defense and likely to become more pronounced as
arising from the disclosures is that stormwater systems). water challenges intensify.
62% of respondents already recognize
the opportunities that water presents. While the financial savings from better Recognition of the
Sectors reporting the greatest water management may be dwarfed
by revenues, they impact directly on energy-water nexus
opportunities are Metals & Mining
(93%), Chemicals (88%), and Industrial a company’s bottom line and can
thus be a powerful lever for improving It is also encouraging that 72% of
& Manufacturing (86%). Examples
profitability. Companies’ appreciation respondents, including at least 50%
include improved water management
of this may have arisen from their respondents from each sector, have
practices leading to reduced operating
experience with carbon management identified linkages and tradeoffs
costs (e.g. for mines and industrial and
or from a more general appreciation in their management of water and
manufacturing processes), increasing
of the business case for sustainability. energy. Reductions in the use of
urbanization and population growth
Companies are already seeing a water often – but not always – result
expanding the market for water
range of benefits from stronger in reductions in the use of energy.
treatment chemicals (particularly in
balance sheets to the ability to attract The widespread recognition of this
Asia), and a growing demand for
16Sector overview
fact stands companies in good stead “We fully understand the linkage “Devon is constantly
as they construct resource efficiency between water and energy. As a power
management plans that reflect the generator, AEP uses large quantities reminded and aware of the
interdependence of various inputs, of water to produce electricity. New fact that there is a close
and the opportunities for savings in technologies being developed, such as
multiple areas through single projects. carbon capture and storage, will also linkage between energy
require large amounts of water. These production and water.
“Climate change and energy are are issues we will have to address.”
inextricably linked. Water issues American Electric Power Company Our business economics
must be framed in the wider context, and production potential
including issues of material efficiency;
availability of safe, clean water are often interrelated to
and sanitation; reducing travel and the volume of produced
transport; supply chain accountability;
healthcare innovation; and fluids that ultimately must
infrastructure improvement.” be disposed of. If our
Astra Zeneca
ratio of produced water to
energy yielded begins to
increase, operating costs
Fig. 9: Companies identifying linkages between the management
of water and energy may increase to a point in
which a well may become
Chemicals
uneconomic to produce.”
6 (75%) 1 (12.5%) 1 (12.5%)
Construction, Infrastructure & Real Estate
Devon Energy
3 (50%) 3 (50%)
Corporation
Food, Beverage & Tobacco
9 (75%) 3 (25%)
Industrial & Manufacturing
11 (79%) 3 (21%)
Metals & Mining
10 (71%) 4 (29%)
Oil & Gas
8 (67%) 4 (33%)
Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
12 (86%) 2 (14%)
Retail, Consumer Discretionary & Consumer Staples
9 (56%) 5 (31%) 2 (13%)
Technology & Communications
11 (85%) 2 (15%)
Utilities
9 (69%) 4 (31%)
Total
88 (72%)
Percentage response rates 31 (26%) 3
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
■ Yes ■ No ■ Don’t know Percentage response rates
17CDP Water Disclosure
Geographical overview
The target sample comprises 302 Fig. 10: Number of responding companies and response rates by country
companies from a total of 34 countries
with responses received from 25 of
these. There is a heavy weighting US
59 (57%)
towards the US which accounts for UK
35% of the total sample and 39% of 14 (64%)
the responses received, with 59 Japan
responses and a 57% response rate. 13 (45%)
The next best represented countries Germany
10 (83%)
are the UK with 14 responses (a 64%
Canada
response rate), Japan with 13 (a 45% 8 (62%)
response rate) and Germany with 10 France
(an 83% response rate). All South 7 (37%)
African companies in the target sample Switzerland
5 (71%)
responded, with Germany (83%) and
Australia
Switzerland (71%) also achieving 4 (66%)
particularly strong response rates. Brazil
3 (50%)
The nine countries with companies China
3 (16%)
included in the target sample from
India
which there were no responders are 3 (38%)
Chile, Czech Republic, Malaysia, Italy
Mexico, Norway, Poland, Russia, 3 (60%)
Singapore and Thailand. South Africa
3 (100%)
Spain
3 (38%)
Netherlands
2 (40%)
Belgium
1 (100%)
Bermuda
1 (100%)
Colombia
1 (100%)
Denmark
1 (100%)
Finland
1 (50%)
Ireland
1 (100%)
Israel
1 (50%)
Portugal
1 (50%)
South Korea
1 (25%)
Sweden
1 (50%)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Percentage response rates
18Geographical overview
Figure 11 highlights key statistics on the that their own operations are exposed
management of water and exposure to water risk. South African and UK
to risk for each country represented by companies lead in setting performance
more than one public respondent. It targets and in their ability to identify
focuses on the number of respondents, whether their operations are located in
the proportion that has set targets, the water stressed regions. Interestingly,
proportion able to identify whether their companies from these two countries and
operations are located in water scarce India were most likely to report water-
regions, and the proportion reporting related risks to their operations.
Fig. 11: Key facts by geography
Canada
7 0% 100% 48%
USA
Germany
50 60 % 80% 35%
7 57% 100% 43%
United Kingdom
13 85% 100% 64%
France
5 80% 80% 7% Japan
Spain 7 57% 100% 52%
3 66% 100% 56%
Switzerland China
5 40% 100% 33% 2 50% 100% 67%
Italy
2 0% 50% 17%
India
3 67% 67% 67%
Brazil
3 50% 100% 50%
South Africa
3 100% 100% 78% Australia
4 50% 100% 50%
Key
A B C D
A Number of public respondents
B Percentage setting efficiency or
quality targets
C Percentage able to identify whether
their own operations are located in
water stressed areas
D Percentage identifying risks to their
own operations (average of physical,
regulatory and other risks)
19CDP Water Disclosure
South Africa focus
South Africa’s available freshwater The country’s total renewable water How exposed is South Africa to
resources are already almost fully- resource is 1,048 m3 per person or climate change?
utilized and under stress. At current about 13% of the global average of
projected population growth and 8,210 m3 per person. A country is Although the overall impact of climate
economic development rates, it is said to experience “water stress” when change on water resources is uncertain
unlikely that the growth in demand for annual water supplies drop below and will vary significantly from region to
water resources in South Africa can 1,700 m3 per person. When this level region, evidence suggests that average
continue to be met. Water thus has falls to between 1,700 and 1,000 m3 temperatures in South Africa will rise
the potential to become the limiting per person, periodic or limited water and rainfall patterns will change.
resource to the country’s economic shortages can be expected. When These changes are likely to result
development. This section examines annual water supplies drop below in greater evaporative losses from
South Africa’s water resources, how 1,000 m3 per person, the country dams and soils, and a greater risk of
they might be affected by climate faces water scarcity. Coupled with algal blooms. Reduced freshwater
change, the legislative context, and this, South Africa uses about 25% of flow in rivers will also reduce the
how business in South Africa is its renewable freshwater resources size of estuaries and be harmful to
beginning to respond to the challenge. per annum, with use in excess of 10% their ecosystems (and therefore the
typically seen as a cause of water populations that rely on them), and
Water in context – how does stress in a given locality. will reduce the dilution of wastewater
South Africa fit into the global discharged into rivers. This, in turn, will
water picture? Water resources are amalgamated into increase the already intense pollution in
19 Water Management Areas (WMAs) the coastal zone.
South Africa is an arid country with across the country. A significant
only 8.6% of annual rainfall becoming amount of water is transferred between Recent studies have shown that South
available as surface water, one of the these WMAs and also from South Africa could face a water supply gap
lowest conversion ratios in the world. Africa’s neighbors. Inter-Basin Transfer of between 17% and 25% by 2030
This runoff is unevenly distributed (IBT) of water has long been seen as assuming that water withdrawal for
both geographically and over time, the solution to water scarcity in South irrigation does not increase. South
with great annual variability in rainfall. Africa, and of the nine provinces African agriculture and municipal
South Africa’s groundwater resources whose water supplies are bolstered by water supplies are highly dependent
are also relatively limited compared to transfers, eight are reliant on IBT for on rainfall, but current models indicate
global averages. more than 50% of their annual supply. that climate change will lead to lower
It has been reported that Gauteng average rainfall and a reduction in
This water scarcity and unpredictability Province, which supports around water availability of approximately 10%.
is compounded by the pollution of 25% of South Africa’s population Given the importance of South Africa’s
surface- and ground-water resources and generates around 10% of the agricultural sector to food security
by industrial effluents, domestic economic output of the entire African in Southern Africa, any reduction in
and commercial sewage, acid mine continent, is 100% reliant on IBT for its rainfall could have serious implications
drainage, agricultural runoff, and litter. water supply. for the region. South Africa is clearly
highly sensitive to climate change
South Africa is looking to other impacts, and management of the
countries such as Lesotho to help existing supply will be key to mitigating
meet its projected demand for the impacts of rising temperatures.
1. The Market as a Driver or Constraint in the Move Towards
Renewable Energy in Southern Africa, Touchstone
water, though there are clearly risks
Resources, July 2009. associated with dependence on extra-
2. Inland Water: Background Research Paper produced for
the South Africa Environment Outlook report on behalf of territorial supply of arguably the key
the Department of
3. Environmental Affairs and Tourism, SRK Consulting,
national resource.
October 2005.
4. Nedbank Sustainability Outlook, Edition 1, Nedbank,
August/September 2010.
5. The Market as a Driver or Constraint in the Move Towards
Renewable Energy in Southern Africa, Touchstone
Resources, July 2009.
20South Africa focus
What is the legislative framework The following companies either register themselves as South African
around water in South Africa? in the response, or are listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange:
Since 1994, there has been significant
progress in the development of South Companies from target sample Volunteers
African policy and legal frameworks
regarding water resources. The
National Water Act stipulates that Anglo American Eskom
the government is the trustee of the Anglo Platinum Exxaro Resources
nation’s water resources and that
AngloGold Ashanti Impala Platinum
it must act in the public interest to
ensure that water is “protected, British American Tobacco Nedbank
used, developed, conserved, SABMiller Northam Platinum
managed and controlled in a
Sasol Woolworths Holdings
sustainable and equitable manner
for the benefit of all persons”. It also
recognizes the limits to the proposed
All eight publicly responding companies This vulnerability is further reflected by
solutions of constructing new dams
(shown in blue above) reported that the fact that all but one company (88%)
and increasing water transfer,
their own operations are susceptible reported having suffered a detrimental
and strongly advocates demand
to significant physical risks (compared impact from water in the last five
management approaches. Finally, the
to 48% of global respondents). Six years (compared to 39% globally).
act makes a provision for a “reserve”
(75%) also reported significant physical These impacts include flooding, water
of water “to protect the ecological
risks to their supply chain (compared to shortages leading to power cuts and
functioning of aquatic ecosystems
35% of global respondents), illustrating interruptions to supplies of key inputs.
before water uses such as industry
that the vulnerability is widespread and
or agriculture can be authorized”.
acknowledged by procuring companies.
South Africa’s main approach
to addressing water issues is Risks Identified
one of integrated water resource 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
management. A key principle of this
Physical Risk (Own Operations)
is the need to balance protection
8
of water resources with social and
economic development, and the only Regulatory Risk (Own Operations)
two guaranteed entitlements to water 6 2
are for the ecological reserve and to
Other Risk (Own Operations)
meet basic human needs.
5 3
South African companies’ Physical Risk (Supply Chain)
responses to CDP Water 6 1 1
Disclosure
Regulatory Risk (Supply Chain)
The South African response to CDP 5 2 1
Water Disclosure has been extremely Other Risk (Supply Chain)
positive, with all six of the 302 target
3 4 1
companies listed on the Johannesburg
Stock Exchange submitting responses, ■ Yes ■ No ■ Don’t know
and a further six South African
companies responding on a purely
voluntary basis. The fact that almost a
quarter of all voluntary submissions
have come from South Africa indicates
how seriously the issue is felt. Of
these 12 companies, eight responded
publicly and are included in the
following analysis.
21CDP Water Disclosure
“In March 2009, we However, the challenging environment “Our water strategy is based on the
facing South African companies has 5Rs (pRotect, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
launched The Anglo prompted a stronger response than and Redistribute), a comprehensive,
Environment Way seen elsewhere. All of the respondents risk-based approach to managing
have a water policy, strategy or water in our business and in the
(AEW), which sets out a management plan which falls under value chain. This model provides a
consistent approach to the direct oversight of the board or consistent approach, recognizing
a subset thereof. Further, 88% of the different local issues and
responsible environmental respondents have set a specific water circumstances faced by each of
management, supporting target (compared to 59% globally), our businesses.”
although all but one of these targets SABMiller
our vision for minimizing is efficiency related and none seeks
harm to the environment the absolute reduction in water use “Northam endeavors to run a zero
that will be vital to the successful discharge operation and closely
by designing, operating management of the country’s water monitors any potential impacts
and eventually closing resources. Nevertheless, the indication of its operations on surface and
is that South African companies groundwater sources.”
all of our operations are alert to water challenges and Northam Platinum
in an environmentally are putting in place the necessary
management structures.
responsible manner. The
Anglo Environmental Way It is clear that South African companies
are evaluating water risks with an eye
includes 10 performance to extracting the opportunity as 88%
standards, which apply identify water-related opportunities
(compared to 62% globally). In South
to all managed activities Africa, these opportunities range from
across the world. One infrastructure improvement projects to
increased recycling and wastewater
of these is a Water reclamation in mining operations.
Performance Standard.”
Response Summary
Anglo American 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Water Policy, Strategy or Plan in Place
8
Board /Executive Body Oversight of Water Policies
8
Specific Water Target Set
7 1
Provided a Figure for Total Water Withdrawal
8
Provided a Figure for Recycling /Reuse
4 4
Provided Details of Actions Undertaken in Own Operations and Beyond
8
■ Yes ■ No
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