CARBODEON NANOMATERIALS REALISING DIAMOND SUPERIOR POTENTIAL WITHIN THERMAL MANAGEMENT - GAVIN FARMER - CARBODEON BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT 13.11.2013
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Carbodeon NanoMaterials
Realising Diamond Superior Potential
Within Thermal Management
Gavin Farmer – Carbodeon Business Development
13.11.2013
Material selection: Compromise…..
Won’t meet Extreme Compromise
next gen. Too brittle
material material Too expensive
product specs
Doesn’t fit
Not strong
manufacturing
enough
process
Material design: Combine…..
Extreme Compromise
material material
Fillers
Base Polymer & Too expensive
Binders
Material design: Combine…..
……. and Optimise
Extreme Compromise
material material
Fillers
Something
Base Polymer & Too expensive
Extreme!
Binders
Optimised
properties,
process, cost.
Carbodeon NanoDiamond –
Extreme Material.
Strength Chemically
Inert
Hardness Optical
Properties
Surface Dielectric
Friction
Thermal
Conductivity
Carbodeon NanoDiamond –
Extreme Material.
Strength Chemically
Inert
Hardness Optical
Properties
Surface Dielectric
Friction
Thermal
Conductivity
With some unusual combinations
Carbodeon NanoDiamond – Extreme Material, made useful….. ….. in your (many, many) applications
Where, What, & How Plating and Anodising Polymer Coatings Thermal Polymers Nicanite® Carbon Nitride
Polymer Coatings
NanoDiamond powder, suspension, or dispersion
Hard particles bonded to parent material.
Polymer reinforced/ restructured at molecular scale
1. PTFE and FEP coatings –
aqueous and solvent.
Wear improvement up to 50%
Friction reduction up to 66%
Surface finish improved 85%
2. Consumer product: unnamed coating formulations on unnamed
products: Wear performance improved by >3X
Plating and Anodising
Nanodiamond suspension or dispersion added to solutions
Finer grain structure + embedded hard particles
1. Industrial machine parts with
hard chrome: durability
improved from 3.5 to 5.5 years
2. Gold plated electrical
connectors: wear performance
improved by 100%
3. Electroless nickel:
Microhardness increased from
800 HV to almost 1100 HVThermal Management
Nanodiamond powders added to existing polymers & composites
Thermal conductivity without compromise to other properties
Electronics & Displays: Thermal,
dielectric and optical properties
LED & OLED:
Thermal, dielectric and optical
properties
Low Carbon Vehicles:
Additional Structural, frictional,
lightweighting &Tg improvementsWhere, What, & How Detonation Produced Nanodiamond – 4-6 nm diamond particles
Where, What, & How
Detonation Produced Nanodiamond – 4-6 nm diamond particles
Sp3 Diamond Graphitic facets
CoreWhere, What, & How
Detonation Produced Nanodiamond – 4-6 nm diamond particles
Sp3 Diamond Graphitic facets
Core
With surface functional groupsuDiamond® Grades
Blend grade:
also contains
graphite
Agglomerated, purified
NanoDiamond grades
Nanodiamond Graphite Metallic impurityuDiamond® Grades
Blend grade:
also contains
graphite
Agglomerated, purified
NanoDiamond grades
Tuned & Monofunctionalised
Surface Chemistry
Nanodiamond Graphite Metallic impurityuDiamond® Grades
Blend grade:
also contains
graphite
Agglomerated, purified
NanoDiamond grades
Tuned & Monofunctionalised
Surface Chemistry
Single digit,
fully-dispersed,
high end grades with
choice of solvents
Nanodiamond Graphite Metallic impurityuDiamond® Portfolio
The Carbodeon Difference:
Purity
Choice of Surface Chemistry
Dispersion Stability
Choice of Solvents
Application Development
New Materials pipeline
Powders Suspensions DispersionsuDiamond® Portfolio - Vivace and Andante
– Tuned Chemistry
uDiamond Vivace Vivace
– A zeta-positive, 5 wt.% aqueous ND 40
suspension 20
0 ZP (mV)
– Agglomerated, zeta potential up to + 37 Zeta Potential (mV) 1 3 5 7 9 11 13
-20
mV
-40
– Standard grade for plating within acidic -60
region
pH
uDiamond Andante Andante
– A zeta-positive, 5 wt.% aqueous ND
60
dispersion
50
– Dispersion stable within pH range of 3 to 6 40
ZP (mV)
– Zeta potential up to + 52 mV Zeta potential (mV) 30
20
– Special grade for plating within acidic 10
region 0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
pH
Singe Digit ND
Dispersion Dispersion
D90 = 4.6 nm
stable within pH
3 to 6uDiamond® Portfolio – Vox COOH
- Monofunctionalised Chemistry
A new, patented highly zeta Singe Digit ND
Particle size distribution
negative nanodiamond material Dispersion
– Fully carboxylated surface D90 = 6.61 nm
– Zeta potentials up to -71 mV
– Dispersion stable in pH 5 to 12
Morpohology 20
Dispersion stability in pH range 2 to 13
– Powders 10
0
– Aqueous dispersion , 5 wt.% -10
1 3 5 7 9 11 13
– NMP, 2 wt % -20
zp (mV) -30
– NEP, 1 wt% -40
-50
– Other solvents on their way -60
Applications -70
-80
– Paints, resins, fluoropolymer pH
– Thermal polymers
Robust stability
within pH 5 to 12“Hydrogen” Development Product H
New, patented highly zeta Singe Digit ND
positive nanodiamond powder Dispersion
and dispersion D90 = 4.91 nm
– Fully hydrogenated surface
– Reduced hydrophilicity
– Zeta potentials up to + 68 mV
Dispersion stability in pH range 2 to 13
– Dispersion stable in pH 3 to 9 70
60
Morphology
50
– Powders
40
– Aqueous dispersion , 3.5 wt.%Zeta potential (mV)
30
– Other solvents on their way
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Robust stability pH
within pH 3 to 9Where, What, & How
Unfortunately, it isn’t as simple as this!
UC IC
E
SA AG
MWhere, What, & How
NanoDiamond
Material Selection
Material and Dispersion
Process Methods &
Understanding Process
Optimisation
Property
Requirements,
Test Methods, Communication
EconomicsApplication Example:
PA66 Thermoplastic
with Improved Thermal ConductivityPA-66 Thermal Compounds
Applications
– Electronics industries - Thermal interfaces
– LED and OLED lightning systems
– Automotive components
●
E-drive systems
●
Lithium ion batteries
Existing solutions:
– Up to 50 wt.% mineral filler loadings
●
Boron nitride and aluminum oxide particles
●
Higher concentrations result in impaired
mechanical properties, heavy wear of
processing tools and excessive compound
weightPA-66 Thermally Conducting and Electrically
Insulating Compound
Carbodeon objective:
– Enhanced heat dissipation
– Reduced tool wear
– Improved or enhanced compound mechanical properties
– Reduced component weight and size
– Reduced cost?
How:
– Capitalizing diamond thermal conductivity, ND particle small size
and spherical form
– Optimizing electrostatic interaction between parent polymer and
ND additive, by ND surface optimization
– Agglomeration control, via optimized processingNanodiamond – Advanced
Thermal Additive for Polymers
Material properties
– Diamond thermal conductivity Materials, Thermal Conductivity, W/mK
– Dielectric constant: 3.4
– Electric resistivity: 7.5 x 109 Ohms per meter 2500
– Small sized, spherical
Diamond
– Density: 3.1 – 3.2 g/cm3 2000
– Highly tunable surface for optimizing affinity to
parent polymer 1500
– Ability to improve both thermal and mechanical 1000
properties
500Silver
Copper Gold
Carbodeon activity 0
– Carbodeon active within both thermoplastic,
thermoset and other heat dissipation materials
– Patented resultsCompound Manufacturing and Analyses
Materials:
– PA-66: Zytel 135F
– Boron Nitride: ESK Boronid® thermal filler, 15 μm
– Nanodiamond: Carbodeon various high end nanodiamond
powders
Processing:
– Compounding: Xplore15 micro-compounder
– Injection molding: Thermo-Haake Minijet, 25*25*3 mm mold z
Thermal analyses: y
– Laser flash method (ISO 18755; LFA 447, Netzsch GmbH)
●
The measured value is thermal diffusivity a, which value is measured
in three spatial directions, i.e. x-, y, and z directions (through-plane =
z-sample, in-plane parallel to the molding direction = y-sample, in-
plane perpendicular to the molding direction = x-sample). The
measurements were carried out at room temperature (25 °C). The x
sample densities (ρ) were measured by the Archimedes method. The
measurement on the z-sample was used to calculate the specific heat
CP. Using the density ρ, CP, and a, the thermal conductivity was
calculated according to l =a·CP·ρ.PA-66 Thermal Compound, 20 wt.% Overall
Filler Loading
References: neat PA-66;
compound 1,6
20 wt.% BN loading 1,4
Thermal conductivity in W/mK
Processing: 1,2
– Ball milled: BN + ND
1
powder ball milled and
extruded in one 0,8 in-plane (x/y)
sequence Average (x/y/z)
0,6
> 22% improvement in overall
0,4
thermal conductivity by
replacing 1.5 wt.% of 0,2
commercial solution filler 0
loadings with ND’s PA-66 20 BN 18.5 + 1.5, ball milled
High grade ND, partially
optimized electrostatic
interactionPA-66 Thermal Compound, 45 wt.% Overall
Loading
References: neat PA-66;
compound 5
45 wt.% BN loading 4,5
4
Thermal coductivity in W/mK
Processing:
3,5
– Ball milled: BN + ND
powder ball milled and 3
extruded in one 2,5 in-plane (x/y)
sequence 2
Average (x/y/z)
Ball milling clearly improving 1,5
the performance 1
More with Less: > 25% 0,5
improvement in overall thermal 0
PA-66 45 BN 44.9 + 0.1, ball milled
conductivity by replacing only
0.1 wt.% of the 45 wt.% filler
loading with ND’s
High grade ND, optimized
electrostatic interactionConclusions
It was proven that already extremely small amounts of NanoDiamond
thermal additives can catalyze the thermoplastic thermal compound
overall thermal conductivity
Success factors
– Optimization of nanodiamond thermal filler electrostatic
interaction with thermal filler, via correct nanodiamond materials
selection
– Nanodiamond agglomeration control, in this case by subjecting
nanodiamond powder into ball milling together with boron nitride
thermal filler before compound manufacturing
Carbodeon active also within other thermoplastic thermal compounds
– PPS etc.
Carbodeon patented
Fine-tuned nanodiamond filler solutions now available for our
customersCarbodeon – Providing You a Unique
Advantage through New Materials
Material
Technology
Unique
Customer
Value
Application Cooperative
Techniques ProjectsCarbodeon – Providing You a Unique
Advantage through New Materials
Material
Technology
Unique
Customer
Value
Application Cooperative Contact
Techniques Projects Us!Carbodeon Ltd. Oy Gavin Farmer
Pakkalankuja 5 Business Development
01510 Vantaa Mobile: +44 7768 587105
Finland gavin.farmer@carbodeon.com
Vesa Myllymäki
Chief Technical Officer
Mobile: +358 50 567 8828
www.carbodeon.com vesa.myllymaki@carbodeon.comYou can also read
