Cape Town Building Resilience in Informal Settlements - Connected Places Catapult
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October 2020 Cape Town Building Resilience in Informal Settlements
Building Resilience in Informal Settlements 1 Executive summary Welcome to Connecting Places Catapult: Urban Links Africa (ULA) market analysis. ULA is an ambitious programme, funded by the UK government through the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) and delivered by Innovate UK and Connected Places Catapult. We work closely with six cities - Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu in Kenya; and Cape Town, Johannesburg and eThekwini (Durban) in South Africa - to tackle some of their key urban challenges and improve citizens’ lives. ULA does this by facilitating a sustainable collaboration between the UK, South Africa, and Kenya, bringing together cities and tech ecosystems through equitable partnerships and industry investment. We share here foundational research and analysis which describes the urban challenges we are focusing on and their context in each country. Through discussion with city stakeholders we have finalised three urban challenges (one for each ULA city) in South Africa, and four urban challenges across the three Kenyan cities. The key challenges in South Africa are: • Cape Town: building resilience in informal settlements • Durban: improving solid waste management and reducing pollution • Johannesburg: adopting sustainable mobility approaches The four key challenges selected to be addressed across the three Kenyan cities of Mombasa, Kisumu and Nairobi are: • Solid waste management • Flooding • Wastewater management Traffic management and active mobility In this section of the document, we will give an overview of Cape Town. We examine the innovation potential of Cape Town comparing it with its global peers, examining its innovation ecosystem and business attractiveness. We then discuss initiatives that governments, private, local and international NGOs and other stakeholders have undertaken to address building resilience in informal settlements. We examine recent and ongoing projects which attempt to tackle these problems in order to ensure that the collaborators we are supporting as part of ULA are able to learn from and build upon the efforts of others.
Cape Town 2 Contents 1 Cape Town Overview 3 1.1 Benchmarking Cape Town’s Innovation Potential 5 1.2 Summary 6 1.3 Performance Review 7 1.4 Innovation Ecosytem 8 2 Resilience in Informal Settlements 12 2.1 Provision of basic services 14 2.2 Health and Safety 14 2.3 Inaccessibility 14 2.4 Who is doing what in the area and what are the opportunities? 15
0 Cape Town 3
Cape Town Overview
With a population of 4mn, Cape Town is the second most populous city
in South Africa after Johannesburg. It is also the legislative capital of
South Africa, with South Africa’s parliament situated in Cape Town. A
popular tourist destination, the city is known for its harbour and for
landmarks such as Table Mountain and Cape Point.
Cape Town’s economy has grown and diversified since the ending of Apartheid to establish itself as
one of South Africa’s leading gateways for capital and technology. As well as attracting international
tourists with its natural beauty, the city is attracting investors, large corporations and increasingly, start-
ups. The City has real pockets of excellence in terms of talent, technology and entrepreneurship,
spanning healthcare, biotechnology, port logistics and environmental science.
0 Cape Town 4
However, the attraction to Cape Town has resulted in high levels of density in the city. Cape Town’s
unusually high-density stems from a very large number of informal settlements of which there are
more than 175,000 in the Cape Town Metropolitan area.
These informal settlements lack sufficient access to basic services and infrastructure including
electricity, water and sanitation. Thus, preventing them from living safe and healthy lives.
This report discusses how to build resilience in informal settlements and considers the potential for
innovative solutions to be developed locally in addressing these challenges. In the first section we
discuss Cape Town’s innovation potential comparing and benchmarking the city against its global
peers and examining its innovation ecosystem.
In the second section of the report we discuss resilience in the informal settlements and the issues
residents face in accessing basic services. We discuss the various initiatives local and international
organisations have taken to address these challenges including a deeper dive into a low-cost housing
project focused case study.
0 Cape Town 5
Benchmarking Cape Town’s Innovation Potential
The trade and tourism capital of South Africa, Cape Town has successfully taken advantage of
significant economic growth and diversification following the end of apartheid to build its global
influence and establish itself as one of Southern Africa’s leading gateways for capital and technology. Its
relatively transparent governance system, its high quality of life relative to other cities in the region,
pluralism and openness to immigration and its abundant natural assets have all raised appeal not only
to visitors and residents, but also to investors, large corporates and, increasingly, start-ups. Cape Town
now has real pockets of excellence in terms of talent, technology and entrepreneurship, spanning
healthcare, biotechnology, port logistics and environmental science. However, many of the city’s
segregated spatial structures remain intact, requiring ongoing policies, investments and innovations to
combat entrenched inequalities and economic and social exclusion.
This ‘outside in’ note draws on available international benchmarks to capture Cape Town’s current
performance relative to cities in the Global South, leading cities in Sub-Saharan Africa and similar
‘peers’ globally - specialised, mid-sized trade hubs with similar lifestyle, productivity and labour market
dynamics.
Table 1: Which cities globally is Cape Town most like?iii
Global rank
Theme Most similar cities
(raw data)
115th / 300 Tel Aviv, Israel; Porto Alegre, Brazil; Hanoi,
Population
(4.0m) Vietnam
219th / 300 Valencia, Spain; Marseille, France; Medellín,
Economic size (GDP)
($75bn) Colombia
São Paulo, Brazil; Valencia, Spain ; Brisbane,
Innovation intensity* 68th / 107
Australia
Caracas, Venezuela ; Buenos Aires, Argentina ;
Sector mix** N/A
Lisbon, Portugal
Transport infrastructure Casablanca, Morocco, Belo Horizonte, Brazil ;
performance 161st / 185
Guatemala City
*No. of recognised technology-enabled start-ups, scale ups and established corporates per resident.iii **Share of economic output
across industry sectors
0 Cape Town 6
With a population of over 4 million people, Cape Town’s economic size is currently on a part with 3rd
tier European cities, revealing the negative impact of low skills, underemployment and a sector mix
that has yet to turn decisively towards more knowledge-intensive industries. Yet thanks to a cadre of
ambitious entrepreneur-led small and medium enterprises in the creative and IT industries, Cape
Town’s innovation intensity is comparable both to established ecosystems in the Global South such as
São Paulo, and also to other emerging innovation hubs that have seen significant growth in venture
capital funding in recent years, such as Brisbane and Valencia. Cape Town’s sector mix is most similar
to other cities that ally large business and finance industries with a high reliance on trade and tourism,
such as Lisbon and Buenos Aires.
Summary
Figure 1: Cape Town Ecosystem Dynamics
Economic & demographic SCALE &
fundamentals OPPORTUNITY
10
Urban sustainability 8
and resilience Target Consumer base
6
SYSTEMS
READINESS 4
2
Effectiveness Enabling
0
of city systems infrastructure
Openness to Innovation deployment
investment climate
Cape Town compared to global peers
INNOVATION
Cape Town compared to Sub-Saharan African leaders Ecosystem dynamics ENVIRONMENT
Cape Town compared to mix of Global South cities
Based on 120 metrics and 750 data points. Peers and Sub-Saharan African peers selected based on population size, productivity,
global and regional status, and visibility in global benchmarks.
Global peers (other specialised, mid-sized trade hubs with similar lifestyle assets, productivity and disparity dynamics): Barcelona,
Colombo, George Town, Hanoi, Panama City, Tel Aviv, Xiamen
Sub-Saharan African leaders: Abidjan, Accra, Dar es Salaam, Johannesburg, Lagos, Luanda, Nairobi
In the next cycle, the benchmarking data points to important imperatives for Cape Town to:
• Create more business opportunities and facilitate access to funding for low- and middle-income
households and enterprises
• Improve infrastructure and systems to integrate the informal economy
• Build on its visitor success and expand the reach of its other economic sectors in order to
strengthen appeal to other customers, investors and consumers
0 Cape Town 7
• Continue to invest in education and infrastructure to ensure companies’ skills and technological
requirements are met
Performance Review
Among cities in the Global South, Cape Town stands out most obviously for its more favourable
governance and the effectiveness of its city systems. Given its medium size, the city faces fewer of the
scale challenges that have overwhelmed other megacities in Asia and Africa, and its investment in
infrastructure through utilities upgrading schemes and the expansion of its efficient bus rapid transit
system has led to significant incremental improvements in citizens’ quality of life.
Cape Town’s all-round mobility system is promising, but performance continues to be held back by
severe congestion and low uptake of public transport relative to other cities. The city now sits just
outside the top 50 globally, and 6th out of 27 Global South cities, for the performance, maturity and
innovativeness of its mobility system. However, it is among the top 30 most congested cities in the
world, dragging down productivity, with more than 150 hours lost to congestion every yeariv.With more
than 60% using private transport to commute, Cape Town also still ranks only 16th out of 18 Global
South cities for the share of people commuting via active or public transport, partly because of the
prohibitively high cost of transport for those on low incomes and the inadequate transport network in
connecting peripheral areas to the metropolitan core. As bus rapid transit systems require high
densities to be economically viable, Cape Town’s BRT has also tended to underperform in terms of
ridership and economic viability, with an average daily ridership 3 times lower than the African
averagev.
Cape Town stands out in the region for its technology infrastructure. The roll-out of 1,300km of fibre-
optic cables and Wi-Fi provision in public spaces means it now places 8th out of 28 Global South cities
for access to Wi-Fi hotspots and just outside the top 10 out of 60 Global South cities for its average
fixed broadband speed, top in sub-Saharan Africa.
Where Cape Town falls behind its peers is for scale and global reach to achieve catalytic growth in
advanced industries. Despite its appeal to real estate investors and visitors, Cape Town is still outside
the top 100 for networked HQ presence of internationally trading knowledge firms, and falls well
behind for its productivity and employment growth prospects, while other cities internationally (such
as Hanoi, Colombo and Xiamen) have used their proximity to large growth markets to achieve more
rapid inroads to diversify and grow their economies in recent years.
Cape Town’s ability to scale and showcase innovation is also hindered by very high levels of poverty. Cape
Town ranks 7th out of its global peers for the share of households earning less than $7,500 and has a Gini
coefficient of 0.58 which is substantially higher than established global citiesvi. The severity of inequality
is both a barrier to human development and constrains the size and stability of the local market and
consumer base for start-ups to grow and scale. Cape Town still has far fewer rapidly scaling and globally influential
firms compared to Global North cities with some similar assets.
Cape Town possesses some systems opportunities, but infrastructure and investment barriers persist.0 Cape Town 8
Figure 2: Cape Town’s performance relative to best performing peer across key indicators
BEST
PERFORMING Hanoi Colombo Barcelona Tel Aviv Barcelona Panama City
PEER
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80% Gap to top-
performing
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SCALE & INNOVATION SYSTEMS
OPPORTUNITY ENVIRONMENT READINESS
Innovation Ecosystem
Cape Town’s overall innovation environment is promising with the 2nd highest number of innovative
companies behind Lagos, Cape Town is home to 12% of Africa’s registered innovative companies, and
also has the 4th highest share of globally recognised firms headquartered in Africa (see figure 3). It is
among the top 3 ecosystems in Africa for the number of recognised innovation hubs (accelerators,
incubators and co-working spaces), with more than 25 hubs dedicated to support start-ups.
Access to funding in Cape Town has been improving. Cape Town’s funding landscape is quite diverse
and is becoming more similar to that of more mature ecosystems, made up of angel investors, family
offices and venture capital firms. The city places an impressive 7th out of cities in Global South for the
amount of venture capital invested per person, behind only the likes of Bangalore, Pune, São Paulo,
and Nairobi. Start-ups benefit from high proximity to a large number of wealthy families that often
invest in VC-backed companies. Partly as a result of these social networks and personal connections,
Cape Town start-ups raise an estimated US$ 20,000 in seed funding annually, almost double that of
Johannesburg. vii. The 5-year pattern in venture capital deals is also positive but rapidly developing
ecosystems elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa have even faster momentum.
Cape Town boasts one of the most established and globally recognised ecosystems in Africa.0 Cape Town 9
Figure 3: Cape Town’s share of total African innovative companies and globally recognised companies
Share of African globally More established regionally
recognised innovative companies
30%
Lagos Greater
influence
25% worldwide
20%
Nairobi
15%
Cairo
Cape Town
10%
Johannesburg
5%
Accra
Kampala
0%
Share of African innovative
0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% companies
Cape Town stands out for its urban tech environment. It ranks 1st among its global peers for its share of
start-ups specialised in sectors relating to urban technology, such as CivicTech, electric vehicles, smart
cities, and last mile transportation. This partly reflects the government’s tendency to use technology to
improve its systems and tackle urban challenges such as crime or water shortages. Cape Town is 6th
out of 15 Global South cities for the deployment of “smart city applications”, technological applications
based on data collection and analysis to streamline public services operations through better resource
allocation. And in terms of sensors and data-collecting devices, the effectiveness of digital
communication networks, and the presence of open data platforms, Cape Town ranks an impressive
3rd among cities in the Global Southviii. Examples include the deployment of sensors in water utilities,
electrical smart meters, and RFID tags on garbage cans to track real-time demand and improve basic
services delivery or the use of acoustic sensors to detect gun shots and alert the policeix.
In addition, Cape Town’s innovation ecosystem is now strongly specialised in financial services
(FinTech, InsurTech, digital payments), with more than 20% of tech-enabled companies operating in
these activities. Other niches include disruptive tech (Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Artificial
Intelligence) and retail tech. These sectors also receive the highest volumes of early-stage investment.
Although smaller, EdTech is a growing sector in Cape Town, fostered in part by Injini, an EdTech Open
Innovation Cluster. Other sectors in which Cape Town companies are hungry for innovation given
competitive pressures include logistics, oil and gas, and maritime - mostly located around the harbour -
and creative industries (film, fashion, animation) around the Woodstock Exchange which is Cape
Town’s flagship creative hang-out.
Cape Town’s innovation economy is concentrated along a 20km corridor of the N1 between the CBD
and Belville in the East. These two districts have the highest job densities in the metropolitan region,
and form the two major clusters of customers and clients for innovation. Around 50% of registered
tech-enabled start-ups, scale-ups and established firms are located within 5km of CBD, and 40% are
within 2km, demonstrating the role that the metropolitan core has played over the last 10-15 years.
Locating there, start-ups and entrepreneurs benefit not only from proximity to global companies and
investors, and improved safety and urban fabric, but also better connectivity, as all railways and BRT
routes end in the CBD.0 Cape Town 10
Map 1: Tech-enabled Companies in Cape Town
Incubators and accelerators are more evenly spread in the urban core, along major transport links, and
have also expanded more towards townships in recent years, as illustrated by the second branch of the
Bandwidth Barn in Khayelitsha, 30 km south east of the CBD. Clear efforts are visible to support
entrepreneurs from township and other marginalised communities.
Map 2: Incubators and Accelerators in Cape Town0 Cape Town 11
However, access to capital is a clear physical and opportunity barrier for aspiring start-ups at the
fringes - venture capital firms and other investors in Cape Town are very strongly located in the
western, affluent districts of the city. The investor landscape is also marked by a growing number of
impact investors, aiming to combine investment with social and environment impact. Many impact
investors present in Cape Town invest in community empowerment, focusing on informal settlements
and marginalised communities to tackle economic exclusion, by supporting entrepreneurship and job
creation.
Map 3: Investors Community in Cape Town
Outside Cape Town metropolitan municipality, the innovation ecosystem in Stellenbosch plays an
important role in the region - and contributes to the concept of “Silicon Cape”. With a proactive and
prestigious university, the University of Stellenbosch, major VC investors such as AngelHub Ventures,
and a booming start-up scene and liveability advantage, the neighbouring city also brings many
complementary capabilities to Cape Town’s innovation eco-system.0 Cape Town 12
Resilience in Informal
Settlements
With a density of 5,200 people per square kilometre, Cape Town is more dense than the average global
city, and is by far the densest city in South Africa, well ahead of Johannesburg and eThekwini (Durban).
Cape Town’s unusually high density by South African standards stems more from the very high density
levels in informal settlements, with sometimes more than 10,000 people per square kilometre
(significantly denser than the average for cities in the global South), than from the density of the city
centre and wealthy inner city and suburban areas. Many of Cape Town’s wealthiest suburbs have a
density of around 3,000 people / sq. km.
While dense compared to other South African cities, Cape Town is less dense than other global south
peers
Figure 4: Population density in Cape Town and global and Sub-Saharan peers.
People per sq.km
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
Global South average
6,000
World average
4,000
2,000
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Source: Demographia World Urban Areas, 15th edition, April 2019
The main challenge arising from density is therefore a mismatch between the density of formal and
informal settlements, which in turn impacts upon equality of provision of basic services, including
electricity, water and sanitation. Over the years, Cape Town has been investing in improving its
informal settlements, and with about 97% of the population having access to electricity, Cape Town
now ranks 15th out of 40 cities in the Global South for the proportion of households hooked up to the
electricity grid. However, it is important to note that not all households are connected to the city’s grid
and many in informal settlements suffer from poor connection to such systems.0 Cape Town 13
There are more than 175,000 informal settlements identified in the Cape Town metropolitan area.
They vary in size from a handful of households to communities of almost 8,000. The settlements are
spread across the city, including small “pockets” or backyard accommodation even in the wealthiest
parts of the city, but concentrate mostly along the south east corridor. Mitchell’s Plain and Khayelitsha,
the most densely populated informal settlements in Cape Town, are also some of the areas with the
lowest income. The absence of social and innovation infrastructure in these locations is a key priority
to the wider development path of the region.
Map 4: Informal Settlements and Upgrading Projects in Cape Town
Source: City of Cape Town. Data from 2015. Non-exhaustive map of current projects.
Approximately 7.5 million people (almost one-quarter of Cape Town residents) are locked out of the
formal property marketx. Due to the legacy of township planning and issues of economic exclusion,
many people can’t afford ‘well-located’, formal housing. As a result, they self-build.
Although highly creative and resourceful, the settlements present a range of issues due to the lack of
basic infrastructure, inadequate housing quality, personal dangers and environmental risks. Housing
might be located on land assigned for other purposes or on top of existing infrastructure. Backyard
dwellings, for example, a uniquely South African phenomenon, where informal shacks are erected in
the yards of other properties.
Settlements are serviced by unpaved roads and narrow paths, unnamed and without street lighting.
These forms of density make informal settlements difficult places to access in order to implement
appropriate services and infrastructure.0 Cape Town 14
Provision of basic services
Inaccessibility effects the provision of basic services such as chemical toilets or communal water
sources. Although 21% of Cape Town’s households are informal, they only received 1% of the City’s total
capital allocation for water and sanitation, according to social campaign group the Social Justice
Coalitionxi.
Peripheral placement makes access to basic services difficult for some inhabitants. The lack of access to
functional services increases the likelihood of violence to township inhabitants. For example, it was
found that between 2003 and 2012, an average of 635 sexual assaults on woman travelling to and from
an estimated 5,600 toilets in Khayelitsha township in Cape Town were reported each yearxii. Eleven
residents were murdered over a single weekend in 2017 in Marikana. Marikana being a notorious
dangerous and poorly lit settlement where police are reportedly not prepared to patrol after dark for
safety fearsxiii.
Health and Safety
Many informal settlements provide unsafe environments that are highly vulnerable to disasters and
extreme weather conditions due to the nature of building practices and materials. Dwellings in
informal settlements tend to be constructed using cheap, easily available but highly flammable and
conducting materials such as plastic, cardboard, iron sheets or untreated wood. This makes them
highly permeable to the elements and the spread of fire that devastates communities. In 2015 alone,
over 5,000 fires were reported in South African informal settlementsxiv. With limited access to
electricity, communities use paraffin for fuels and candles for lighting instead. Such practices lead to
issues of air pollution within settlements, as well compounding fire risks through the prevalence of
open flames.
Inaccessibility
The unplanned nature of developments and issues with density, impede the ability of both residents
and the city council to mitigate risks. Shacks could be built on top of, or obscuring, fire hydrants for
example. Formal fire trucks would struggle to access certain areas owing to the lack of wide, well-paved
roads. Thus, removing a much-needed emergency resource for the community. It was found that the
inaccessible narrow driveways and the absence of sufficient water supply in the Imizamo Yethu area
were main factors hampering efforts of fire fighters to tackle a large fire in the informal settlement in
2017. The fire killed four people, destroyed 2,194 dwellings and displaced over 9,700 inhabitantsxv.0 Cape Town 15
Who is doing what in the area and what are the opportunities?
The City of Cape Town Integrated Development Plan 2017 –2022 (IDP) has elements which seek to
address the challenges of inappropriate density. The IDP states how the City seeks to work with
communities to develop service delivery models for informal settlements, including sustainable
delivery of basic services such as electricity, water, sanitation and refuse removal, as well as services for
communal areas such as public spaces and recreational areas.
In order to achieve this the IDP seeks to:
• work with affected communities to explore and develop models of service delivery that are
appropriate to improve living conditions in informal contexts;
• commit resources to creating a sense of place and promoting security of tenure for residents
in less formal areas;
• improve the existing basket of basic services rendered to informal settlements by increasing
transversal management and service integration across City departments;
• explore resource-efficient and feasible solutions where current service delivery mechanisms are
not possible;
• continue to provide electricity, water, sanitation and refuse services to backyard dwellers in City-
owned rental stock or on City land; and
• explore models for the sustainable and compliant delivery of services to backyard residents on
private land.
Source: (Source: Five Year Integrated Development Plan, July 2017 – June 2022 – City of Cape Town.)xvi
As well as the City of Cape Town and the Western Cape government, NGOs and the
beneficiary communities, aim to transform marginalised areas and informal settlements into
more economically and socially integrated neighbourhoods through site-and-service
(expanding infrastructure and services provision), formalisation of backyard dwellings,
starter housing and in-situ upgrades of informal settlements. Other stakeholders include the
Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI) Alliance, which works on consolidation and
relocation of many informal settlements as well as their formalisation and reblocking. Table 2
(below) lists many of these key organisations.0 Cape Town 16
Case study: Empower
Shack
Empower Shack is a project by Urban Think Tank, an
international interdisciplinary design practice that focus
on social architecture and informal development. Their
Empower Shack project is bringing low-cost housing to
residents of Cape Towns’ informal settlements.
Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2014/03/07/empower-shack-urban-think-tank-housing-south-africa-slums/
Empower Shack aims to reshape the approach to informal settlement upgrading by offering an
urbanisation scheme that combines housing upgrades with a safer urban environment. The project
was first started in Khayelitsha, Cape Town’s second largest township in 2012. It has since built several
prototypes of alternative slum housing, demonstrating an adaptable method of designing safe and
accessible housing units within urban plans.
Empower Shack’s two-storey structures are arranged around a sanitation core, providing water and
toilets on site. The homes have a water-tight exterior and provide electricity. The designers are
exploring different configurations to adapt to the needs of different residents, extending up to three
storeys if necessary. Micro-financing schemes are also built into the planning tools, so residents can
take out small, ethical loans when building an Empower Shack or adding another storey.0 Cape Town 17
Source: https://www.dezeen.com/2014/03/07/empower-shack-urban-think-tank-housing-south-africa-slums/
The project is addressing several challenges of inappropriate density. The low-cost buildings occupy a
smaller portion of the usual slum dwelling footprint, leaving fire break spaces that give emergency
services easy access.
Urban Think Tank hope its project influences government housing policy offering diversity and access
to housing in South Africa’s gap market.
Table 2: Key players and Developments in the Area
Organisation Overview Website
International organisations
ICLEI – Local ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability is https://africa.iclei.org/
Governments for a global network of more than 1,750 local and
Sustainability regional governments committed to
sustainable urban development0 Cape Town 18
National organisations
Federation of the A women-led nationwide federation practicing https://www.sasdiallian
Urban and Rural Poor daily savings, enumeration, pragmatic ce.org.za/about/fedup/
(FEDUP) partnerships with the State. They are involved
in community-led housing development, land
acquisition and informal settlement upgrading.
The Informal ISN is a bottom up amalgamation of https://www.sasdiallian
Settlement Network settlement level and national level ce.org.za/about/isn/
(ISN) organisations of the urban poor. These
organized collectives engage leadership
structures at the settlement level, such as
crises and development committees and civic
organisations. They mobilize the community
around issue based community led
development planning.
Isandla Institute Isandla Institute promote and contribute to http://www.isandla.org.
systems and practices of urban governance. za/en/
They provide a voice on urban development
issues, producing research on issues such as
informal settlements upgrading and urban
governance.
Local organisations
Our Future Cities NPO An independent non-profit organization http://ourfuturecities.co
working across the fields of urban /
development which include housing, transport,
public space, sustainability and planning.
Development Action A non-Profit organisation supporting and https://www.dag.org.za/
Group advocating community led development
addressing economic, social and spatial
imbalances.
Ikhayalami Nonprofit Organization whose primary aim is to https://www.ikhayalami.
develop and implement affordable technical org/
solutions for informal settlement upgrading.
Ikhayalami’s areas of focus include: research
and development, upgrading of shelters,0 Cape Town 19
infrastructural development, community
facilities.
People’s PEP provides technical housing assistance to http://peoplesenvironm
Environmental the South African Homeless People’s entalplanning.org.za/
Planning (PEP) Federation and subsequently the Federation
of the Urban Poor (FEDUP).
Green Cape A non-profit organization that support https://www.greencape.
businesses and investors in the green co.za/
economy. They recently signed a
memorandum of understanding with Internet
Service Provider: ThinkWifi to deliver WiFi-
enabled solar street lights in informal
settlement Witsand.
https://www.itweb.co.za/content/Gb3Bw7W83
KAM2k6V
CORC CORC provides support to networks of informal https://www.sasdiallian
settlements around specific issues: land, ce.org.za/about/corc/
evictions, informal settlement upgrading, basic
services and citizenship; and savings
PDG Cape Town based consultancy involved in https://www.pdg.co.za/
urban systems, planning processes, survey
methodologies, data management tools,
decision-making frameworks, spatial analysis
tools, maturity models and infrastructure
investment plans
Social Justice Coalition Social justice campaign group. they are https://sjc.org.za/
involved in upgrading informal settlements0 Cape Town 20
Local projects
Urban Think Tank: Project focusing on the construction of living http://u-
Empower Shack environments: micro-financing, renewable tt.com/project/empowe
project energy, water management, and skills training. r-shack/
Including structured community workshops,
enumerations, affordability assessments and
microfinance contracts.0 Cape Town 21
ii Population and Economic Size data: JLL Global 650 (2018), data from 2017
Innovation Intensity: The Business of Cities analysis based on Crunchbase data, retrieved March 2019.
Sector Mix: Brookings Global Metro Monitor Data 2015
Transport Infrastructure Performance: IESE Cities in Motion Index 2019.
iv TomTom Traffic Index 2019
v Lall, Somik Vinay, J. Vernon Henderson, and Anthony J. Venables. 2017. “Africa’s Cities: Opening Doors to the World.” World Bank,
Washington, DC
vi McKinsey Urban World (2016) ; https://www.westerncape.gov.za/assets/departments/treasury/Documents/Socio-economic-
profiles/2017/city_of_cape_town_2017_socio-economic_profile_sep-lg_-_26_january_2018.pdf
vii OC&C Strategy (2018) Tech entrepreneurship ecosystem in South Africa
viii McKinsey Global Institute (2018) Smart Cities: Digital Solutions for a more livable future. Available at:
https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/capital%20projects%20and%20infrastructure/our%20insights/smart%20
cities%20digital%20solutions%20for%20a%20more%20livable%20future/mgi-smart-cities-full-report.ashx
ix https://iotsecuritywatch.com/en/2020/03/05/smart-city-cape-town-seeks-to-tackle-challenges-with-new-technologies/ ;
https://news.sap.com/2013/11/holistic-approach-of-sap-urban-matters-program-delivers-sustainability-results-for-cape-town/ ;
https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/city-of-cape-town-uses-new-tech-to-fight-vicious-gun-violence-17051231
x http://u-tt.com/project/empower-shack/
xi https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-slums-sanitation/dying-for-a-pee-cape-towns-slum-residents-battle-for-sanitation-
idUSKCN12C1WA
xii https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safrica-slums-sanitation/dying-for-a-pee-cape-towns-slum-residents-battle-for-sanitation-
idUSKCN12C1WA
xiii https://sjc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/sjc_annual_report_2017_2018.pdf
xiv https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286817204_Fire_risk_in_informal_settlements_in_cape_town_South_Africa
xv https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212420918307623?via%3Dihub
xvi https://issuu.com/sixolilegade/docs/budget_2017-18_annexure_11_idp_new_0 Cape Town 22 Stuart Harper Stuart.harper@cp.catapult.org.uk Bob Burgoyne Bob.burgoyne@cp.catapult.org.uk Borane Gill boranegille@thebusinessofcities.com Visit our website cp.catapult.org.uk Follow us on Twitter @CPCatapult Email us info@cp.catapult.org.uk
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