Breaking the energy curve - An innovative approach to reducing mobile network energy use - Ericsson

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Breaking the energy curve - An innovative approach to reducing mobile network energy use - Ericsson
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                         breaking-the-energy-curve

Breaking the
energy curve
An innovative approach
to reducing mobile
network energy use

March 2020
Breaking the energy curve - An innovative approach to reducing mobile network energy use - Ericsson
2                                                                                                                Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

Foreword

Is it possible to quadruple data traffic
without increasing energy consumption?

The answer is yes. It is possible to break           From a lifecycle perspective, the main        while increasing capacity and speed with
the energy curve, i.e. lowering total mobile         portion of our carbon footprint comes from    carrier aggregation. Fast and effective data
network energy consumption from today’s              the energy use of delivered products. Based   transmission enables the system to return
level and meeting the massive traffic                on this, we have set reduction targets of     to a low-load state faster.
growth challenge.                                    1.5C for our emissions and product energy         Across Ericsson, we are proud to partner
    It is not just a possibility. In fact, we        performance, which align with the Science     with our customers to evaluate and evolve
believe it is our responsibility, together           Based Targets initiative.                     solutions to address energy challenges. In
with all other ICT industry players.                    Energy consumption is set to increase      this report, we present a broad range of
    We estimate the current yearly global            dramatically if 5G is deployed in the         solutions from our portfolio – developed
energy cost of running mobile networks               same way as 3G and 4G were. This is           for and with our customers. All of these can
to be USD 25 billion. From both cost and             an important issue to address. Some           already be implemented to either prepare
carbon footprint perspectives, energy                communications service providers have         for or support 5G deployment.
consumption is one of our industry’s                 even estimated a doubling of their energy         Start saving now.
biggest challenges.                                  consumption to meet increasing traffic
    Through our extensive sustainability             demands while improving their network
research stretching back more than                   and rolling out 5G. This is not sustainable
20 years, we have demonstrated that                  from a cost or environmental perspective.
mobile broadband is an enabler of                       Thanks to the 5G standard and our
sustainable development, economic growth             development efforts, it is possible to
and reduced carbon emissions. The ICT                significantly reduce energy consumption.
sector only contributes 1.4% of the global           5G, which is the most energy-aware
carbon emissions, but it has the potential           standard, will allow the mobile system to
to enable a 15% reduction in other sectors,          use smart sleep modes more effectively
such as energy, industry and transport.              and extend coverage by using lower bands
                                                                                                   Erik Ekudden, Senior VP, CTO and
                                                                                                   Head of Group Function Technology

Figure 1: Our breaking the energy curve approach

                    Traditional 5G deployment
                    5G + our breaking the
                    energy curve approach                                                             An industry
                                                                                                      responsibility
                                                                                                      To answer the billion-dollar
                                                                                             5G       question, we believe that breaking
                                                                   4G
                                                                                                      the energy curve is possible. We not
   Energy
consumption                                                                                           only assume our responsibility, but
                                                                                                      also lead and offer a holistic solution.
                                                3G

               2G

                                                        Time
Breaking the energy curve - An innovative approach to reducing mobile network energy use - Ericsson
3                                                                                                              Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

Executive summary

Our innovative approach to
breaking the energy curve.

To break the increasing energy consumption        Activate energy-saving software                Operate site infrastructure intelligently
curve of mobile networks, we have                 Energy-saving features are already             By using AI, service providers can
analyzed some of the most ambitious               available in Ericsson Radio Access             operate site infrastructure more
5G deployments and tested what could              Network (RAN) and can be activated             proactively. Our portfolio offers tools to
happen if our holistic approach is applied.       immediately. Adding machine learning           control passive equipment, and enable
Together with our customers, we have              will bring further savings. Features such as   predictive maintenance and no-touch
refined different solutions to achieve            Micro Sleep Tx (MSTx) and the Low Energy       problem-solving to reduce costs, site
significant energy savings.                       Scheduler Solution (LESS) can reduce           energy usage and site visits. Customer cases
    Taking the first step brings immediate        radio equipment energy consumption by          show that service providers have reduced
savings and provides insights that can            up to 15% while maintaining the same           site energy consumption by up to 15%
be applied later. Where and how to start          user experience.                               through intelligent site control solutions.
implementation of our approach depends on             Our 5G software has energy-saving in
each network design and status. Below are         its DNA. Its advanced features will
the four elements of our approach.                continue to evolve and network
                                                  efficiency will increase over time.
Prepare the network
By modernizing the network with the latest        Build 5G with precision
technology and replacing old equipment,           It is important to have the right equipment
it is possible to realize new business            in the right place. Build 5G with precision
opportunities and, at the same time,              is about optimizing network performance
create significant energy savings. Previous       on the new 5G frequencies while keeping
deployments of mobile generations were            capex and opex within certain limits. When
often managed by adding new equipment             complemented with unique solutions, such
while keeping existing network assets.            as Ericsson dual-mode 5G Core (5GC),
This practice must change. We have seen           Ericsson Radio System (ERS) and Ericsson
that modernization in low-traffic areas can       Spectrum Sharing (ESS), a swift 5G
yield a payback period of less than three         rollout is enabled without adding any
years for energy savings alone.                   further energy-consuming hardware. This
                                                  means service providers can limit energy
                                                  consumption growth when introducing 5G.

Figure 2: The elements and benefits of breaking the energy curve

                           Break the energy curve
                                                                                                     Benefits for service providers
                             in mobile networks

                                                                                                       Manage traffic growth
         Activate                                           Operate site
                               Build 5G with
       energy-saving                                       infrastructure
                                 precision                                                                  Reduce costs
         software                                           intelligently

                                                                                                       Be a technology leader
                            Prepare the network
                                                                                                   Reduce environmental footprint
4                                                                                                          Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

Prepare the network

Modernize with future-proof
hardware for superior performance.

Preparing for and introducing 5G creates        Figure 3: Ericsson Spectrum Sharing’s         Spectrum evolution plan – using the
an opportunity to modernize and improve         unique 1ms solution                           most efficient standard
existing networks. Considering the limited                                                    When preparing for future RAN capacity,
capacity of current networks, growing                                                         it is important to look at the current
traffic demand creates performance              4G                                            spectrum assets to create a spectrum
challenges. There are large energy and                                                        evolution plan, assessing how spectrum
physical footprint savings to be realized                                                     needs will evolve (Figure 4).
in network modernization. This can                                                                 Typically, a service provider has
significantly reduce total mobile network                                                     several frequency bands for various radio
energy consumption and make room for a                                                        technologies (2G–4G). Over time, new
                                                5G
5G rollout within the same energy budget.                                                     spectrum bands will provide more capacity,
    Service providers have different starting                                                 but spectrum reallocation is needed to
points and deployment priorities for their                                1ms                 gradually shift traffic towards 4G and 5G.
network evolution. We recommend that                                                               We are committed to ensuring that
network modernization encompasses                                                             the network can migrate to the most
all aspects of site equipment as well                                                         efficient technology. This may mean
as the core, transport and radio access                                                       implementing a robust 4G platform to
equipment. For example, upgrading from                                                        monetize existing use cases and to be
air-conditioned shelter sites to modern         Only one millisecond to switch                the basis of addressing the next wave to
site cabinets and convection-cooled,            between 4G and 5G                             5G. We recommend moving 2G and 3G to
multi-standard remote radio units in            With Ericsson Spectrum Sharing (ESS),         a joint lower frequency band, combined
the radio tower will substantially reduce       service providers can run 4G and 5G           in an energy-efficient, mixed‑mode
energy consumption.                             simultaneously on the same frequencies,       configuration and, when possible,
                                                without adding new energy-consuming           switching off one or both technologies.
Capable hardware is essential                   hardware. ESS gives both technologies              Replacing 2G/3G with 4G will most
New multi-standard hardware platforms           instant access to the same spectrum and       likely double capacity for the same
offer a reduced physical footprint and          assigns resources at a millisecond level to   spectrum. It also enables the use of more
the latest energy-reducing technologies         the devices that need them (Figure 3).        efficient energy-saving functionality,
that contribute to more energy-efficient        The solution is available through a           which the 4G standard offers. It is a perfect
networks. Updating with the latest              remote software installation on ERS           opportunity to reduce the energy spent on
Ericsson Radio System (ERS) solutions           base station hardware.                        older radio technologies and get ready for
and dual-mode 5G Core (5GC) provides                                                          implementing future 5G equipment.
immediate energy and cost savings, as
                                                Figure 4: An example of a spectrum evolution plan
well as facilitating a swift move to 5G in
the future with a software installation.             2G                                                                     High bands
    ERS is a complete platform to build                                                                                     (24GHz–40GHz)
                                                     3G
the highest-performing Radio Access                                                                                         New
                                                     4G
Network (RAN) and offers optimal
modularity to ensure the lowest total cost           5G
                                                                                                                            Mid bands
of ownership (TCO). All ERS equipment                                                                                       (3.5GHz–6GHz)
shipped since 2015 is 5G-ready. Having                                                                                      New
equipment on the ERS platform ensures
that the network can migrate to the most                                                                                    Mid bands
efficient technology as soon as devices                                                                                     (1GHz–2.6GHz)
and services are available.                                                                                                 Legacy
                                                                                                                            Low bands
                                                                                                                            (sub-1GHz)
                                                                                                                            New/Legacy
                                                                                                                            New/Legacy

                                                                                   Time
5                                                                                                                                 Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

                                                               Figure 5: Typical mobile broadband traffic load split into three segments
    All available spectrum
    used (e.g. 5–7
    frequency bands)                                                             • Red segment: ~7% of all sites, delivering ~25% of total traffic volume

    Some unused spectrum                                                         • Red and blue segments: delivering ~75% of total traffic volume
    (e.g. 3–4 frequency bands)
                                                                                 • Green segment: ~70% of all sites, delivering ~25% of total traffic volume

                                            MBB traffic load
    Few bands deployed to
    support area coverage
    (e.g. 1–3 frequency bands)

                                                                   7%                 30%                     Sites                                             100%

Network reality                                                Defining quality                                   Enhanced operational efficiency
Based on extensive traffic data analysis                       Service providers’ perceived delivered             with dual-mode 5G Core (5GC)
from networks across the world, we                             quality is defined by how well they                To efficiently prepare the move to 5G,
know that 2G, 3G and 4G have an almost                         dimensioned the most valuable sites in the         the core network is rapidly transforming
identical traffic distribution over the total                  red and blue segments above. Traditionally,        to cloud-native implementations.
number of radio sites (Figure 5).                              the main focus has been on managing                    Our dual-mode 5GC combines
    Sites with high traffic load tend to                       capacity expansion and spectrum efficiency         network functions from 5G Evolved
have the largest year-on-year growth,                          on these sites to protect and handle the           Packet Core and 5GC architecture
while growth is much lower where traffic                       increasing mobile broadband traffic.               into a common cloud-native software
volumes are already low.                                                                                          platform. This supports standalone
    Our data also shows that low and high                      Defining network energy use                        and non-standalone 5G, 4G, 3G and
loads exist in all environments. Some dense                    To break the energy curve of total mobile          2G access technologies. It delivers high
urban sites experience low traffic volumes                     network energy consumption, the green              levels of orchestration and automation
due to small cell areas, while some rural                      segment above must be addressed. It                for operational efficiency, and provides
sites cover large geographical areas and                       could be perceived that keeping older              up to 20% savings in infrastructure with
carry comparably high traffic loads.                           equipment on these sites can handle                cloud‑native operations.
    This understanding enables service                         the increased traffic demand. However,
providers to model network evolution                           introducing the latest ERS equipment will
to meet expected traffic growth while                          immediately lower energy consumption by
optimizing TCO.                                                about 30% in like-for-like modernization.
                                                               In some cases, it even pays for the upgrade
                                                               within three years. The business strategy
                                                               for this 70% of sites should also consider
                                                                                                                      30%
                                                                                                                       Ericsson Radio System will
                                                               that modernizing means future 5G use                    immediately lower energy
                                                               cases can deploy nationally with just                   consumption by about 30%
                                                               an Ericsson Spectrum Sharing remote                     in like-for-like modernization.
                                                               software installation.

      Customer case: Network modernization
      Vodafone, London, UK

     Challenge                                                 Solution                                           Impact
     • Modernize the 4G network in                             • Modernize ~4,000 sites with Ericsson             • Vodafone retained its top
       London to be 5G- and IoT-ready                            Radio System carry-to-site equipment               performance position
       while retaining a top position for                                                                         • Increased traffic capacity, better
       performance benchmarking                                                                                     throughput and, on average,
                                                                                                                    20–30% lower energy consumption
                                                                                                                  • Removed need for cranes,
                                                                                                                    enabling faster deployment
                                                                                                                    and capex reduction
6                                                                                                                                 Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

Activate energy-saving software

Turn on software features without
compromising user experience.

We offer energy‑saving software                       Energy data access and analysis                                RAN energy assessment and optimization
functionality that automatically switches             Measuring energy consumption and                               using energy-saving software
equipment on and off to follow traffic                relating it to other aspects of network                        We can assess and advise on achievable
demand as it varies over time.                        performance is crucial for proactive                           network-wide energy savings, alongside
   Experience from networks across                    decision-making.                                               opex reduction potential, when applying
the world shows that these functions                      Ericsson Network Manager (ENM),                            energy-saving features to all radio
could significantly reduce energy                     Ericsson Network IQ Statistics (ENIQ                           technologies (2G–5G).
costs without any need for additional                 Statistics) and Ericsson Energy Report                             We can also support service providers
hardware investments.                                 provide important insights for service                         in introducing energy efficiency as a
   Our suite of solutions enables                     providers to understand, diagnose and                          new dimension in the RAN performance
the optimization of energy-saving                     identify opportunities to improve                              assessment, to achieve an expert
functionality across service providers’               network energy performance.                                    balance between energy savings
networks. It provides a helicopter view                   ENM enables access to all energy                           and network performance.
of energy use, assessment of possible                 and network performance data from the
energy savings and myriad Radio                       network nodes, Ericsson Site Controller                        RAN sleep modes will reduce energy
Access Network (RAN) energy-saving                    and onsite cabinets. ENIQ Statistics                           consumption at minimal effort
functionality for all mobile generations.             helps to collect and store performance                         Most energy is consumed in the RAN. We
                                                      management data.                                               can help service providers to automatically
                                                          Based on this data, Ericsson Energy                        make use of low-traffic periods and
                                                      Report provides actionable insights by:                        deactivate capacity when it is not required.
                                                      • verifying network energy consumption                            Through advanced measurements
                                                      • analyzing network energy efficiency                          that predict traffic patterns and load, and
                                                      • providing status data for energy-saving                      end‑user needs, from cell to subframe
                                                         features and network performance.                           levels, we can dynamically activate

Figure 6: Examples of our 4G and 5G energy-saving features*

    Energy-saving feature                 Capabilities – energy-saving mechanism                                               Benefits

    Micro Sleep Tx (MSTx)                 Automatically switches off the radio power amplifiers on a                            MSTx enables discontinuous
                                          symbol‑time basis, when no signaling or user data needs to be                         transmission on downlink to save
                                          transmitted on downlink.                                                              energy during low traffic.

    Low Energy Scheduler                  Reschedules downlink transmissions for non-critical data.                             Improves MSTx efficiency as even
    Solution (LESS)                       Time‑sensitive transfers, such as voice, are excluded, making sure                    more timeslots are emptied and can
                                          the quality of service is never compromised.                                          trigger micro sleep.

    MIMO Sleep                            Deactivates power for a subset of the antenna branches. The feature                   Automatically reduces power
    Mode (MSM)                            automatically reconfigures from MIMO to SIMO mode and back,                           consumption in the radio during
                                          based on traffic load.                                                                low-traffic hours.

    Cell Sleep                            Turns off the power amplifier for a capacity cell when the total traffic              Automatically reduces power
    Mode (CSM)                            is below a set threshold.                                                             consumption in the radio during
                                                                                                                                low-traffic hours.

    Massive MIMO                          Deactivates one or several M-MIMO antenna elements,                                   Improves an advanced antenna
    Sleep Mode                            depending on traffic needs.                                                           system site’s energy efficiency.

*Availability according to the road map
7                                                                                                                        Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

                                                          Figure 7: AI traffic prediction for augmented MIMO Sleep Mode
                                                                                                                     Actual data         Sleep start/end
                                                                                                                     Prediction          Threshold
                                                     60

                                                     50

                                    Cell usage (%)
                                                     40

                                                     30

                                                     20

                                                     10

                                                            Monday       Tuesday   Wednesday    Thursday        Friday        Saturday       Sunday

RAN Compute and radio equipment.                          Augmented MIMO and Cell Sleep Mode               The savings will increase as this
This will achieve the lowest possible                     enhance traffic-aware power savings              functionality is deployed in 5G networks.
energy consumption with maintained                        Machine learning (ML) will be applied to         The 5G radio interface enables longer sleep
network performance.                                      energy-saving functionality to enhance           periods for the radio power amplifiers due
   By activating energy-saving features,                  efficiency and make the features more            to more generous discontinuous reception
such as Micro Sleep Tx (MSTx) and the                     autonomous. MIMO Sleep Mode (MSM)                cycles in the downlink.
Low Energy Scheduler Solution (LESS),                     and Cell Sleep Mode (CSM) are among                  In dense networks, overlaid cells are
service providers can achieve immediate                   the first energy-saving features where           deployed. With CSM, overlaid capacity
savings (Figure 6). In 4G, MSTx and LESS                  ML will be used.                                 cells can detect low-traffic conditions
can reduce the energy consumption for                         Data traffic patterns can change due         and turn themselves off to save energy,
radio equipment with up to 15% while                      to environmental variations, such as new         with confirmed support from coverage
maintaining user experience. From 5G,                     buildings and roads. ML utilizes real-time       cells. The coverage cell monitors traffic
MSTx will always be activated.                            traffic predictions to augment existing          conditions to turn on the sleeping cells.
                                                          functionalities (Figure 7). For augmented        This is a self-organizing network (SON)
                                                          MSM in a cell with 4x4 MIMO, the ML              capability that adapts to network traffic
                                                          algorithms analyze traffic continuously. It      conditions. When an overlaid capacity cell
                                                          will then predict when to use all four radio     is turned off, the traffic load existing in the
                                                          antenna branches or just one branch to           cell is offloaded to the coverage cells.
                                                          transmit, and when to change back to make            ML can predict and increase the time
                                                          sure the features never compromise user          when one or more cells should be in MSM
                                                          experience and associated key performance        or CSM. Our real-time trials show higher
                                                          indicators (KPIs). In a trial cluster, field     accuracy predictions are achievable
    Customer case: 4G advanced                            data showed an average of 14% savings            over time.
    energy savings trial                                  in energy consumption per site while KPIs
    Indosat Ooredoo, Indonesia                            were maintained.

    Challenge
    • Reduce power consumption                              Customer case: Automating MIMO energy management with machine learning
      without penalty to KPIs in a highly                   Vodafone, Portugal
      loaded 4G residential cluster
      (68 macro sites)                                      Challenge                                      Impact
                                                            • Reduce energy consumption                    • Automated MIMO Sleep Mode
    Solution                                                  through increased use of MIMO                  management outperformed manual
    Activate 4G energy-saving features:                       Sleep Mode while meeting                       management by delivering 14%
    • Micro Sleep Tx                                          performance requirements                       energy savings on average at
    • Low Energy Scheduler Solution                         • Automate parameter settings,                   each site
    • MIMO Sleep Mode                                         when to activate and deactivate              • Tailored energy efficiency of
                                                              transmitter branches                           each site
    Impact                                                                                                 • Maintained user experience KPIs
    • Achieved 20–25% 4G power                              Solution
      savings with KPIs maintained                          • Apply machine learning to MIMO
    • The best-performing site provides                       Sleep Mode for optimization of
      >50% 4G power savings                                   energy allocation
    • Successful trial resulted in                          • Train machine learning algorithms on
      network-wide rollout of 4G                              four weeks of traffic data, identifying
      energy-saving features (>3,000                          traffic patterns and predicting
      sites) with estimated savings of                        when to activate or deactivate each
      USD 2–3 million                                         location’s transmitter branches
8                                                                                                              Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

Build 5G with precision

Our best practice
for network expansion.

The precise radio solution                      Rolling out nationwide 5G                          can, therefore, provide 5G commercial
for every site type                             The radio network build-out on 5G                  services and move toward standalone
Building with precision creates a network       mid- and high-band cells is complemented           5G without a costly TCO.
with the optimal radio solution for every       by unique capabilities in our portfolio
site type. It is about optimizing network       that enable a sustainable 5G rollout. All          Zero-touch to optimize the network
performance to avoid over-dimensioning          Ericsson Radio System (ERS) equipment              Our Self-Organizing Network (SON)
hardware which results in unnecessarily         shipped since 2015 is 5G-ready. Ericsson           Optimization Manager solution maintains
increased capex and opex.                       Spectrum Sharing (ESS) enables operators           end-user experience with minimal efforts
    When introducing 5G, it is crucial to       to quickly introduce 5G in current 2G, 3G          from service providers while optimizing
decide what, where and when to deploy           or 4G bands for nationwide 5G coverage,            energy performance. It does so by
new equipment on 5G frequency bands.            without adding new energy‑consuming                providing granular network performance
    The total 5G energy cost addition will be   hardware. ESS, in combination with 5G              information paired with machine learning
impacted by service provider deployment         dual-connectivity and carrier aggregation,         to predict coverage and capacity. The SON
strategies and equipment choice.                also increases the coverage area of 5G             Optimization Manager suggests options
    To achieve the wanted energy savings,       mid- and high-band cells (Figure 8).               to improve the network while considering
insights from the spectrum evolution plan           When deploying a standalone 5G                 energy performance. Such data and
and network reality assessment will be          network, a 5G Core (5GC) network is the            insights help service providers to make
key to evaluating the best radio solutions.     only option. With our dual-mode 5GC,               informed decisions as to where additions
We can help service providers to evaluate       service providers can migrate from today’s         to the network will be needed. This
and select preferred radio solutions,           Evolved Packet Core networks to a fully            means more balanced use of resources
supporting the expected traffic growth for      enabled 5G core network efficiently. This          and ensures that the network can be
the planned time horizon. Building 5G with      enables service providers to launch 5G             dimensioned towards average network
precision enables network-wide power            services over a wide area and to expand            loads rather than peak loads.
savings and reduces the total cost              their coverage in a tailored way, through              Our SON can provide almost 20%
of ownership (TCO).                             existing network infrastructure from 2G            better distribution of traffic load in
                                                to 4G. It also takes advantage of previous         a network. This, in turn, will lead to
                                                spectrum investments. Service providers            significant energy savings.

Figure 8: Combining 5G mid-band with low-band Ericsson Spectrum Sharing

                              45%                          67%                     84%
                                                                                                                       % of subs that access
                                                                                                                       mid-band TDD
                                                                             Carrier
                             Mid-band                 Dual connectivity      aggregation                               NR on mid-band TDD

             Ericsson innovation                     UL data                     UL/DL ctrl.
             E5 interface

                                                                                                                       NR/LTE on low-band
                                                                                                                       FDD with Ericsson
                                                                                                                       Spectrum Sharing

                         Standalone NR
                        coverage baseline         Non-standalone NR dual   Inter-band NR carrier
                                                    connectivity +9dB      aggregation +3–7dB
9                                                                                                                     Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

Introducing flexibility                             Figure 9: Build 5G with precision for optimized TCO
Our highly diverse Radio Access
Network (RAN) portfolio provides the
flexibility to choose radio models that                                                                               Highest
consume less energy, yet match each                                                 8TRx                              capacity

site’s traffic and coverage needs.                                                                                                   High
    Our tools show how mobile broadband                                                                                            capacity
capacity can grow alongside the expected                                                                                                          Low to
                                                                          64TRx                                                                  medium
traffic growth, where different traffic                                                                                                          capacity
characteristics for urban, suburban and rural
can be assessed (Figure 9). Service providers                                              4–8TRx
                                                  Traffic density

need to match a site’s demand growth curve
with a solution’s technical capacity.
                                                                         32–64TRx
    For a massive MIMO radio, power
consumption increases proportionately
with the number of radios and transmitters
incorporated within an antenna-integrated
radio design. Therefore, deploying the right
5G radio base station site configuration is
key to meeting performance demands with                                                                                                             Urban
lower TCO and to save energy. For example,                          7%
a 64T64R massive MIMO consumes                                                                                                      Suburban
                                                                          30%
20–100% more energy than a 32T32R
version of the same antenna-integrated                                                                                 Rural                   Ericsson
radio, depending on the traffic load.                                                                                                          Spectrum
                                                                                                                                                Sharing
    Furthermore, in areas with lower
capacity demands, 5G remote radio units                                                             100%   Sites
with two to eight antenna branches
would be a good fit while providing the
same end‑user peak rate with even lower
energy use.
    This understanding helps service
providers to make a better decision in
deploying 5G flexibly.

    Customer case: 5G network built with precision

    Challenge                                   Solution                                               Impact
    • Deploy 5G efficiently and                 • Our build 5G with                                    • 5G speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G
      economically while meeting                  precision approach                                   • Reduced capex and opex while meeting
      customer data speed and                   • Three different 3.5GHz radio                           service requirements
      coverage expectations                       configurations, deployed to match                    • Energy consumption savings compared
                                                  each network radio site’s capacity                     to deploying 64T64R:
                                                  and coverage requirements:                             • 32T32R radios – 45% energy saved
                                                  • 64T64R massive MIMO radio                            • 4T4R radios – 60% energy saved
                                                  • 32T32R massive MIMO radio
                                                  • 4T4R radio unit
10                                                                                                              Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

Operate site infrastructure intelligently

Traffic growth demands more on-site
equipment and complexity.

Site traffic capacity growth will demand      Digitally integrate site elements                 is a drastic reduction in lifecycle costs, site
more equipment to be hosted and               with smart connected sites                        visits and energy consumption, alongside
integrated. Available site power budget       Ericsson Smart Connected Site with smart          improved network quality.
and space are often limited and, therefore,   enclosures (Figure 10) is an intelligent
require solutions to be compact and           and unified way to digitalize the site,           AI-powered infrastructure operations
energy-efficient. On top of this, sites       enabling remote control and monitoring of         Our Energy Infrastructure Operations (EIO)
incorporate efficient, environmentally        all site equipment. The visualization can         is a data-driven service offering that
friendly technology.                          be at network, site and cabinet levels, and       delivers energy-related opex and capex
    With increasing onsite demand             accessible from the NOC or field devices.         savings, as well as operational efficiencies
and complexity, service providers face            The Smart Connected Site combines             to substantially reduce carbon emissions.
substantial challenges. Among them,           various measurements and alarms from                  EIO is multivendor, focusing on gaining
decreasing operational efficiencies,          passive infrastructure with the active            energy efficiencies from the passive
fragmented data from “passive” site           (radio, baseband and transport) data              infrastructure, as well as active radio and
systems and lack of a holistic view of all    into one O&M tool: our Ericsson Network           transmission equipment on site. While
sites are a high priority.                    Manager (ENM) system. This enables                there are many features available for
    Using automation and AI technologies,     automated and AI-driven data collection           optimizing active site elements (i.e. radio
we enable smart site energy management        and site data analysis, so the service            equipment), passive elements supporting
through accessibility from either the         provider can manage the network more              the Radio Access Network (RAN) are
Network Operations Center (NOC) or            efficiently through real-time insights and        often overlooked, even though they could
on a tablet, smartphone or laptop in the      control. Service providers also benefit           represent over 50% of the overall site
field. Using 24/7 data points, service        from more intelligent site management             power consumption.
providers can benefit from predictive         with 24/7 information on availability,
maintenance, as well as lower operations      capacity, network performance and energy
and maintenance (O&M) costs, carbon           management, along with unprecedented
emissions and site power consumption          control over network stability. The result

Figure 10: An overview of Ericsson Smart Connected Site

        Environmental metering                                          Smart distribution: DC up conversion/AC inverter

        Precision climate control

                                                                                            Smart controller for asset
                                                                                            management and secure access to ENM
     Remote-controlled rectifiers
                                                                                            Energy metering                       Interface
                                                                                                                                  for sensors
                                                                                                                                  and surveillance
                                                                                                                                  equipment
           Smart locking system                                                             Smart space management

               Smart connected
                      batteries
11                                                                                                                 Ericsson | Breaking the energy curve

Viewing the smart site from the NOC.

Hence, we have developed EIO as an                EIO also provides recommendations to
end-to-end energy management solution
to address and manage all site elements
impacting the site energy consumption,
                                                  improve site energy efficiency, site visit
                                                  optimization, network performance and,
                                                  ultimately, to significantly reduce site total
                                                                                                         EIO trials
utilizing AI and data analytics.                  cost of ownership. This solution is unique             The Energy Infrastructure
    The offering is based on data from            as it comes with an innovative business                Operations solution has been trialed
Ericsson Smart Connected Site’s smart             model, where value delivered through the               with customers in Europe, Asia,
enclosures or separately deployed site            overall energy savings is offered with an              the Middle East and Latin America
controllers, connected to all relevant            attractive return on investment profile.               and is currently live in Telenor
passive infrastructure (battery, diesel               Our service offering provides the                  Myanmar’s network.
generator, rectifier, HVAC, solar, etc.).         following indicative benefits:
This enables all site elements to be visible,     • ~15% decrease in energy‑related opex
measurable and controllable to enable             • ~15% reduction in passive

                                                                                                          >50%
remote and intelligent site management.              infrastructure-related site visits
Powered by AI and supported by over               • ~30% decrease in energy‑related outages
30 fully automated efficiency cases, EIO:
• collects and measures all relevant              Our EIO solution is vendor, equipment and               Passive elements supporting the
   passive and active infrastructure data         technology agnostic, as service providers               RAN could represent over 50% of
• analyzes it in real-time and proactively        can utilize its capabilities even if they might         overall site power consumption.
• automatically initiates trouble tickets         not have our equipment in their networks.
   and work orders based on enriched
   alarms and performance measurements

Figure 11: Our Energy Infrastructure Operations at a glance

  Deploy and measure                   Analyze                               Recommend                             Implement

  We deploy sensors and a site         We compute many analytical            We provide recommendations            We take the required actions,
  controller to generate, gather       scenarios and form insights with      to the customer through reports       where a number of solutions can
  and transmit measurements,           the data from the sites.              and configurable dashboards.          be implemented from the NOC,
  and alarm data via Energy                                                  These concern potential               to potentially increase revenue
  Management Server                                                          site-level adjustments and            through site availability and
  or                                                                         feasible automations.                 reduced energy-related opex
  We integrate toward the existing                                                                                 and capex.
  RSM solution.
Ericsson enables communications service providers
                              to capture the full value of connectivity. The company’s
                              portfolio spans Networks, Digital Services, Managed
                              Services, and Emerging Business and is designed to
                              help our customers go digital, increase efficiency and
                              find new revenue streams. Ericsson’s investments in
                              innovation have delivered the benefits of telephony
                              and mobile broadband to billions of people around
                              the world. The Ericsson stock is listed on Nasdaq
                              Stockholm and on Nasdaq New York.
                              www.ericsson.com

Ericsson                      The content of this document is subject to      EN / LZT 138 2268 R1A
SE-164 80 Stockholm, Sweden   revision without notice due to continued        © Ericsson 2020
Telephone +46 10 719 0000     progress in methodology, design and
www.ericsson.com              manufacturing. Ericsson shall have no
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                              resulting from the use of this document

                              Cover photo: a high traffic and
                              well-dimensioned rural site – Australia
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