Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers - JANUARY 2017 - ODOT
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Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers JANUARY 2017
Contents
National Resources
Achieving Multimodal Networks: Applying Design Flexibility and Reducing Conflicts.............................................................4
FHWA Memorandum: Bicycle and Pedestrian Facility Design Flexibility.......................................................................................... 5
Pursuing Equity in Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning..................................................................................................................................... 5
Strategic Agenda for Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation................................................................................................................. 5
FHWA Guidance: Bicycle and Pedestrian Provisions of Federal Transportation Legislation..................................................6
Highway Capacity Manual..........................................................................................................................................................................................6
Case Studies in Delivering Safe, Comfortable, and Connected Pedestrian and Bicycle Networks.....................................6
Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach.................................................................................... 7
FHWA Memorandum: Proven Safety Countermeasures............................................................................................................................ 7
Guidebook for Developing Pedestrian and Bicycle Performance Measures................................................................................... 7
Road Diet Informational Guide................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Pedestrian and Bicycle Funding Opportunities............................................................................................................................................... 8
Bicycle and Pedestrian Funding, Design, and Environmental Review: Addressing Common Misconceptions............. 8
Transit Street Design Guide.......................................................................................................................................................................................9
Accessibility Resources
Public Rights-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG).......................................................................................................... 10
Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (SNPRM)
on Accessibility Guidelines for Shared Use Paths.............................................................................................................................. 10
Pedestrian-Specific Resources
Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian Facilities...................................................................................11
Urban Street Design Guide .............................................................................................................................................................................11
Bicycle-Specific Resources
Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities..................................................................................................................................12
Separated Bike Lane Planning and Design Guide..............................................................................................................................12
Urban Bikeway Design Guide........................................................................................................................................................................12
Bicycle Facilities and the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.....................................................................................13
Incorporating On-Road Bicycle Networks into Resurfacing Projects......................................................................................13
Separated Bike Lane Design Guide............................................................................................................................................................13
Bicycle Network Planning and Facility Design Approaches in the Netherlands and the United States............... 14
2 Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers
Contents (continued)
Ohio Resources
Project Development Process Manual (Appendix B)..................................................................................................................................15
Ohio Location and Design Manual........................................................................................................................................................................15
Ohio Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).....................................................................................................................15
Ohio Traffic Engineering Manual........................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Pavement Design Manual.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Ohio Temporary Traffic Control Manual .......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Standard Construction Drawings..........................................................................................................................................................................17
Sign Designs and Markings Manual .....................................................................................................................................................................17
Roadway Standards Approved Products..........................................................................................................................................................17
Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers 3
This document provides links to research, resources,
and guidance on designing for pedestrians and bicycles.
National and Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT)
standards allow a range of flexibility in the design of
facilities for walking and bicycling. The resources presented
here provide an abundance of design guidance for how
to develop safe, accessible, comfortable, and convenient
nonmotorized transportation networks. Many of the
suggested treatments within these resources can be
designed within ODOT standards.
National Resources
ACHIEVING MULTIMODAL NETWORKS Achieving Multimodal Networks: Applying Design
APPLYING DESIGN FLEXIBILITY
& REDUCING CONFLICTS
Flexibility and Reducing Conflicts
FHWA | September 2016
This publication is a resource for practitioners seeking to build
multimodal transportation networks. The publication highlights ways
that planners and designers can apply the design flexibility found in
current national design guidance to address common roadway design
challenges and barriers. It focuses on reducing multimodal conflicts
and achieving connected networks so that walking and bicycling are
safe, comfortable, and attractive options for people of all ages and
abilities. This resource includes 24 design topics, organized into two
themes. The 12 design topics in Part 1 focus on flexibilities in existing
design guidelines. The 12 topics in Part 2 focus on measures to reduce
conflicts between modes. Each design topic includes case studies and
references to appropriate design guidelines.
AUGUST 2016
4 Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers
National Resources
FHWA Memorandum: Bicycle and Pedestrian
Facility Design Flexibility
FHWA | August 2013
This memorandum expresses the Federal Highway Administration’s
(FHWA) support for taking a flexible approach to bicycle and
pedestrian facility design. It also states that FHWA supports the use of
AASHTO’s Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation of Pedestrian
Facilities and Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities; NACTO’s
Urban Bikeway Design Guide; and ITE’s Designing Urban Walkable
Thoroughfares. It concludes by saying that “DOT encourages
transportation agencies to go beyond the minimum requirements, and
proactively provide convenient, safe, and context-sensitive facilities
that foster increased use by bicyclists and pedestrians of all ages and
abilities, and utilize universal design characteristics when appropriate”.
Pursuing Equity in Pedestrian and Bicycle
White Paper Series Planning
Pursuing Equity in Pedestrian
and Bicycle Planning FHWA | May 2016
April 2016
Laura Sandt, Ph.D. This paper, intended for transportation practitioners and decision-
makers, addresses the following topics:
Tabitha Combs, Ph.D.
Jesse Cohn, MRP
For:
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
• Defines transportation equity-related terms in the context of planning
for bicycle and pedestrian facilities and programs;
• Synthesizes and highlights recent research findings related to the
travel needs of traditionally underserved populations and the role of
pedestrian and bicycle planning in addressing equity concerns; and
• Shares strategies, practices and resources to address bicycle and
pedestrian planning inequities.
Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center
www.pedbikeinfo.org
Strategic Agenda for Pedestrian and Bicycle
Transportation
FHWA | September 2016
Strategic Agenda for This Strategic Agenda will guide the Federal Highway Administration’s
PEDESTRIAN and BICYCLE (FHWA) pedestrian and bicycle activities in the next three to five years
TRANSPORTATION and is being organized around four goals: (1) Networks, (2) Safety,
(3) Equity, and (4) Trips. Each goal includes actions relating to (a)
Capacity Building, (b) Policy, (c) Data, and (d) Research. The Strategic
Agenda will steer future investments, policies, and partnerships, and
serves as the update to USDOT’s 1994 National Bicycling and Walking
Study.
SEPTEMBER 2016
Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers 5
National Resources
FHWA Guidance: Bicycle and Pedestrian
Provisions of Federal Transportation Legislation
FHWA | December 2015
This webpage describes federal legislative and policy direction related
to safety and the accommodation of people bicycling and walking.
From the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of
1991 to the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-
21) of 2012, this webpage highlights the program changes regarding
consideration and eligibility for bicycling and walking per federal
transportation legislation. The statutory provisions affecting bicycling
and walking are codified in titles 23 and 49 of the United States
Code (U.S.C.). This document describes the range of opportunities to
improve conditions for bicycling and walking. As of the date of the
preparation of this document, the website did not include information
on the FAST Act.
Highway Capacity Manual
Transportation Research Board (TRB) | 2010
The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) is a publication of the
Transportation Research Board of the National Academies of
Science in the United States. It contains concepts, guidelines, and
computational procedures for determining the capacity and quality
of service of various facilities, including freeways, highways, arterial
roads, roundabouts, signalized and unsignalized intersections, rural
highways, and the effects of mass transit, pedestrians, and bicycles
on the performance of these systems. With regards to designing for
pedestrians and bicycles, the most relevant elements are its multimodal
tools, including Pedestrian and Bicycle Level of Service to help
determine pedestrian/bicycle comfort level based on traffic volumes
and different built environment factors.
Case Studies in Delivering Safe, Comfortable,
Case Studies in Delivering Safe, Comfortable,
and Connected Pedestrian and Bicycle Networks
and Connected Pedestrian and Bicycle Networks
FHWA | December 2015
This report provides an overview of pedestrian and bicycle network
principles and highlights examples from communities across the
country. The Appendix provides a complete list of projects highlighted
in the report and additional projects that were identified in the study
process.
DECEMBER 2015
6 Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers
National Resources
Designing Walkable Urban Thoroughfares:
A Context Sensitive Approach
An ITE Recommended Practice / Design Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach
An ITE Recommended Practice
ITE | 2010
This report was developed in response to widespread interest in
improving both mobility choice and community character through a
commitment to creating and enhancing walkable communities. This
report, from the engineer’s point of view, provides detail about bicycle
lanes, curb extensions, and treatments for both pedestrians and cyclists
at intersections.
Design Walkable Urban Thoroughfares:
A Context Sensitive Approach
3/2/2010 12:08:57 PM
FHWA Memorandum: Proven Safety
Countermeasures
FHWA | January 2015
This document presents countermeasures that have been documented
to improve safety. Three of these countermeasures improve safety
for bicyclists and pedestrians. They are: medians and pedestrian
crossing islands in urban and suburban areas; High-Intensity Activated
crossWalK (HAWK)s; and, road diets.
This website presents information and detail on these safety
countermeasures.
Guidebook for Developing Pedestrian and Bicycle
Performance Measures
FHWA | March 2016
FOR DEVELOPING PEDESTRIAN &
BICYCLE PERFORMANCE MEASURES This guidebook highlights resources for developing measures to
facilitate high-quality performance-based planning. It is intended
to help communities develop performance measures that can fully
integrate pedestrian and bicycle planning in ongoing performance
management activities. It highlights a broad range of ways that walking
and bicycling investments, activity, and impacts can be measured
and documents how these measures relate to goals identified in a
community’s planning process. It discusses how the measures can be
tracked and what data are required, while also identifying examples of
communities that are currently using these measures in their planning
process.
MARCH
2016
Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers 7
National Resources
Road Diet Informational Guide
Road Diet FHWA | 2014
Informational Guide
This document explains the benefits of road diets, how to determine if
a road is a good candidate for a road diet, how to design a road diet,
and how to evaluate a road diet’s safety/operational performance after
installation.
FHWA Safety Program
www.safety.fhwa.dot.gov
Pedestrian and Bicycle Funding Opportunities
U.S. Department of Transportation Transit, Highway, and Safety Funds
Revised August 12, 2016
Pedestrian and Bicycle Funding Opportunities
FHWA | August 2016
This table indicates potential eligibility for pedestrian and bicycle projects under U.S. Department of Transportation surface transportation funding programs. Additional
restrictions may apply. See notes and basic program requirements below, and see program guidance for detailed requirements. Project sponsors should fully integrate nonmotorized
accommodation into surface transportation projects. Section 1404 of the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act modified 23 U.S.C. 109 to require federally-funded
projects on the National Highway System to consider access for other modes of transportation, and provides greater design flexibility to do so.
Key: $ = Funds may be used for this activity (restrictions may apply). $* = See program-specific notes for restrictions. ~$ = Eligible, but not competitive unless part of a larger project.
Pedestrian and Bicycle Funding Opportunities
U.S. Department of Transportation Transit, Highway, and Safety Funds
Activity or Project Type TIGER TIFIA FTA ATI CMAQ HSIP NHPP STBG TA RTP SRTS PLAN NHTSA NHTSA FLTTP
402 405
This online table/webpage provides funding opportunities through the
Access enhancements to public transportation (includes $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
benches, bus pads)
ADA/504 Self Evaluation / Transition Plan $ $ $ $ $
Bicycle plans $ $ $ $ $ $
US Department of Transportation for pedestrian and bicycle projects
Bicycle helmets (project or training related) $ $SRTS $ $*
Bicycle helmets (safety promotion) $ $SRTS $
Bicycle lanes on road $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Bicycle parking ~$ ~$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
including acquisition, design and construction.
Bike racks on transit $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Bicycle share (capital and equipment; not operations) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Bicycle storage or service centers at transit hubs ~$ ~$ $ $ $ $ $ $
Bridges / overcrossings for pedestrians and/or bicyclists $ $ $ $ $* $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Bus shelters and benches $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Coordinator positions (State or local) $ 1 per $ $SRTS $
State
Crosswalks (new or retrofit) $ $ $ $ $* $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Curb cuts and ramps $ $ $ $ $* $ $ $ $ $ $ $
Counting equipment $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $* $
Data collection and monitoring for pedestrians and/or bicyclists $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $* $
Historic preservation (pedestrian and bicycle and transit $ $ $ $ $ $ $
facilities)
Landscaping, streetscaping (pedestrian and/or bicycle route; ~$ ~$ $ $ $ $ $ $
transit access); related amenities (benches, water fountains);
generally as part of a larger project
Lighting (pedestrian and bicyclist scale associated with $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $
pedestrian/bicyclist project)
Maps (for pedestrians and/or bicyclists) $ $ $ $ $ $ $*
Paved shoulders for pedestrian and/or bicyclist use $ $ $* $ $ $ $ $ $
Bicycle and Pedestrian Funding, Design, and
Bicycle and Pedestrian Funding, Design, and Environmental
Review:
Addressing Common Misconceptions
Environmental Review: Addressing Common
Introduction
August 20, 2015
Misconceptions
FHWA | August 2015
The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) has been working to address nonmotorized safety
issues nationwide and help communities create safer, better-connected bicycling and walking
networks as part of the Department’s Safer People, Safer Streets Initiative.
Since launching the Safer People, Safer Streets Initiative in 2014, DOT has engaged safety
experts, existing and new stakeholders, local officials, and the public on a range of targeted
strategies to encourage safety for bicyclists and pedestrians on and around our streets, including
bus stops, transit stations, and other multimodal connections. Through these discussions, a
number of common misconceptions have been raised about the use of Federal funding, street
design, and the Environmental Review process that can cause confusion and result in project
delay.
The US Department of Transportation, through numerous discussions,
The information below addresses these common misconceptions and distinguishes between
Federal standards and State and local practice. Where possible, links identify resources that
noted misconceptions about the use of federal funding, street design,
and the Environmental Review process that has caused confusion in
provide more detail on the topic. This document focuses on three policy areas: Funding, Design,
and Environmental Review.
the implementation of pedestrian and bicycle projects and has resulted
Funding Misconceptions
1. The Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP) is the only Federal funding source
for pedestrian and bicycle projects.
This is false. While TAP is a popular source of funding for bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure,
pedestrian and bicycle projects are eligible for many programs through the Federal Highway
in project delay.
Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA). At FHWA, pedestrian and
bicycle projects are eligible for funding through the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality
Improvement (CMAQ) Program, Surface Transportation Program (STP), Highway Safety
This website addresses common misconceptions and distinguishes
Improvement Program (HSIP), National Highway Performance Program (NHPP), Federal Lands
and Tribal Transportation Programs (FLTTP), and TAP. The FTA funding may also be available
through Capital Funds and Associated Transit Improvement.
Each of these programs has different requirements, so to be eligible, the pedestrian and bicycle
project must meet the program’s requirements in order to receive funding. For example, transit between federal standards and state and local practice. Where
possible, the webpage provides links identifying resources that provide
funds may be used to improve bike lanes and sidewalks as long as they provide direct access to
transit; CMAQ funds must be used for projects that benefit air quality; HSIP projects must be
consistent with the State Strategic Highway Safety Plan and address a highway safety problem;
NHPP-funded projects must benefit National Highway System (NHS) corridors; and FLTTP funds
could be used for bicycle and pedestrian accommodations that provide access to or within
Federal or tribal lands. Often bicycle and pedestrian elements are included in much larger
roadway or station-area projects that are funded through each of these programs. For example,
more detail on each topic. This document focuses on three policy
1 areas: Funding, Design, and Environmental Review.
8 Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers
National Resources
Transit Street Design Guide
NACTO | April 2016
The Transit Street Design Guide provides guidance for the development
of transit facilities on city streets, and for the design and engineering
of city streets to prioritize transit, improve transit service quality, and
support other goals related to transit. The guide has been developed
based other design guidance, as well as city case studies, best
practices in urban environments, research and evaluation of existing
designs, and professional consensus. This guide goes into detail about
how bicycles, pedestrians and transit should interact. This book also
mentions how to design a bus-bicycle lane.
Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers 9
National Resources Accessibility
Public Rights-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines
(PROWAG)
U.S. Access Board | 2011
The U.S. Access Board is developing new guidelines for public rights-
of-way that will address various issues including access for blind
Proposed Accessibility Guidelines pedestrians at street crossings and various constraints posed by space
for Pedestrian Facilities limitations, roadway design practices, slope, and terrain.
in the Public Right-of-Way
July 26, 2011
These guidelines ensure that sidewalks, pedestrian street crossings,
pedestrian signals, and other facilities for pedestrian circulation and
use constructed or altered in the public right-of-way by state and local
governments are readily accessible to and usable by pedestrians with
disabilities.
UNITED STATES ACCESS BOARD
Once these guidelines are adopted by the Department of Justice, they
A FEDERAL AGENCY COMMITTED TO ACCESSIBLE DESIGN
will become enforceable standards under title II of the ADA.
10110 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 30 / Wednesday, February 13, 2013 / Proposed Rules Supplemental Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
(SNPRM) on Accessibility Guidelines for Shared
TABLE 1—INFORMATION ON PARTICIPATION IN THE MEETINGS AND ON SUBMITTING COMMENTS TO THE RULEMAKING
DOCKETS—Continued
Date Electronic address Address Other information
Use Paths
Produce Safety Proposed Rule:
http://www.regulations.gov/
#!docketDetail;D=FDA-2011-N-
0921.
1 You may also register via email, mail, or fax. Please include your name, title, firm name, address, and phone and FAX numbers in your reg-
istration information and send to Courtney Treece (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT). Onsite registration will also be available.
2 You may also request to make an oral presentation at the public meeting via email. Please include your name, title, firm name, address, and
U.S. Access Board | 2013
phone and fax numbers as well as the full text, comprehensive outline, or summary of your oral presentation, and send to Juanita Yates (see
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
III. Comments, Transcripts, and ARCHITECTURAL AND accessibility guidelines would apply to
Recorded Video TRANSPORTATION BARRIERS the design, construction, and alteration
COMPLIANCE BOARD of pedestrian facilities in the public
Information and data submitted right-of-way, including shared use
voluntarily to FDA during the public 36 CFR Part 1190 paths, covered by the Americans with
meetings will become part of the Disabilities Act and the Architectural
[Docket No. ATBCB–2013–0002]
administrative record for the relevant Barriers Act, and would ensure that the
This proposed rulemaking establishes accessibility guidelines for
rulemaking and will be accessible to the RIN 3014–AA26 facilities are readily accessible to and
public at http://www.regulations.gov. usable by individuals with disabilities.
The transcript of the proceedings from Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian DATES: Submit comments by May 14,
the public meetings will become part of Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way; 2013.
shared use paths to ensure pedestrians with disabilities can access
the administrative record for each of the Shared Use Paths
ADDRESSES: Submit comments by any of
rulemakings. Please be advised that as AGENCY: Architectural and the following methods:
soon as a transcript is available, it will Transportation Barriers Compliance • Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://
be accessible at http:// Board. www.regulations.gov. Follow the
these transportation facilities.
www.regulations.gov and at FDA’s ACTION: Supplemental notice of instructions for submitting comments.
FSMA Web site at http://www.fda.gov/ proposed rulemaking. Regulations.gov ID for this docket is
Food/FoodSafety/FSMA/. It may also be ATBCB–2013–0002.
viewed at the Division of Dockets SUMMARY: We, the Architectural and • Email: docket@access-board.gov.
Management (HFA–305), Food and Drug Transportation Barriers Compliance Include docket number ATBCB 2013–
Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. Board (Access Board), issued an 0002 in the subject line of the message.
1061, Rockville, MD 20852. A transcript advance notice of proposed rulemaking • Fax: 202–272–0081.
for each public meeting will also be (ANPRM) announcing our intent to • Mail or Hand Delivery/Courier:
available in either hardcopy or on CD– develop accessibility guidelines for Scott Windley, Access Board, 1331 F
shared used paths. Shared use paths are Street NW., Suite 1000, Washington, DC
ROM, after submission of a Freedom of
multi-use paths designed primarily for 20004–1111.
Information request. Written requests All comments will be posted without
are to be sent to the Division of Freedom use by bicyclists and pedestrians,
including pedestrians with disabilities, change to http://www.regulations.gov,
of Information (ELEM–1029), 12420 including any personal information
for transportation and recreation
Parklawn Dr., Element Bldg., Rockville, provided.
purposes. Shared use paths are
MD 20857. Additionally, FDA will be physically separated from motor vehicle FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
video recording the first public meeting traffic by an open space or barrier, and Scott Windley, Access Board, 1331 F
in Washington, DC. Once the recorded are either within the highway right-of- Street NW., Suite 1000, Washington, DC
video is available, it will be accessible way or within an independent right-of- 20004–1111. Telephone (202) 272–0025
at FDA’s FSMA Web site at http:// way. We noted in the ANPRM that we (voice) or (202) 272–0028 (TTY). Email
www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FSMA/. are considering including accessibility address row@access-board.gov.
Dated: February 8, 2013. guidelines for shared use paths in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Leslie Kux, accessibility guidelines that we are
developing for sidewalks and other Table of Contents
Assistant Commissioner for Policy.
pedestrian facilities in the public right-
[FR Doc. 2013–03316 Filed 2–12–13; 8:45 am] 1. Executive Summary
of-way. We subsequently issued a notice
2. Background
BILLING CODE 4160–01–P of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) 3. Proposed Supplements to Proposed
requesting comments on proposed Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian
accessibility guidelines for pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way
facilities in the public right-of-way. The 4. Comparison of Proposed Technical
srobinson on DSK4SPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
NPRM did not include specific Provisions Applicable to Shared Use
provisions for shared use paths. We are Paths and AASHTO Guide
issuing this supplemental notice of 5. Conflicts Between Shared Path Users
proposed rulemaking (SNPRM) to 6. Regulatory Analyses
include specific provisions for shared In this preamble, ‘‘we,’’ ‘‘us,’’ and
use paths in the proposed accessibility ‘‘our’’ refer to the Architectural and
guidelines for pedestrian facilities in the Transportation Barriers Compliance
public right-of-way. The proposed Board (Access Board).
VerDate Mar2010 16:24 Feb 12, 2013 Jkt 229001 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\13FEP1.SGM 13FEP1
10 Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for EngineersNational Resources Pedestrian-Specific
Guide for the Planning, Design, and Operation
of Pedestrian Facilities
AASHTO | July 2004
This document provides guidance on the planning, design, and
operation of pedestrian facilities along streets and highways.
Specifically, the guide focuses on identifying effective measures for
accommodating pedestrians on public right of ways. Appropriate
methods for accommodating pedestrians, which vary among roadway
and facility types, are described. The primary audiences for this manual
are planners, roadway designers, and transportation engineers, whether
at the state or local levels, the majority of whom make decisions
on a daily basis that affect pedestrians. This guide also recognizes
the profound effect that land use planning and site design have on
pedestrian mobility and addresses these topics as well.
Urban Street Design Guide
NACTO | October 2013
The Urban Street Design Guide charts the principles and practices of
engineers, planners, and designers working in cities today; provides
case-sensitive design ideas; and unveils the tools and the tactics
cities need to make streets safer, more livable, and more economically
vibrant.
Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers 11National Resources Bicycle-Specific
Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities
AASHTO | 2012
This guide provides information on how to accommodate bicycle travel
and operations. It presents sound guidelines that result in facilities
that meet the needs of bicyclists while providing sufficient flexibility to
permit designs that are sensitive to local context.
Federal Highway Administration
Separated Bike Lane Planning and Design Guide
SEPARATED BIKE LANE FHWA | May 2015
PLANNING AND DESIGN GUIDE
This document provides guidance on planning and desiging separated
bike lanes. This report has five chapters that go into detail about the
process: 1) What are separated bike lanes, 2) Overview for the guide
and planning process, 3) Why choose separated bike lanes, 4) Planning
separated bike lanes, and 5) Menu of design recommendations.
MAY 2015
Urban Bikeway Design Guide
NACTO | March 2014
This guide provides cities with state-of-the-practice solutions that can
help create complete streets that are safe and enjoyable for bicyclists.
Most of the designs in the guide are not referenced in the AASHTO
Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities, although they are
virtually all (with two exceptions) permitted under the Manual on
Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). The Federal Highway
Administration has posted information regarding MUTCD approval
status of most of the bicycle-related treatments in this guide and in
August 2013 issued a memorandum officially supporting use of the
document. Most of the NACTO Urban Bikeway Design Guide treatments
are in use in cities around the United States.
12 Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for EngineersNational Resources Bicycle-Specific
Bicycle Facilities and the Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices
FHWA | December 2015
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) receives occasional
inquiries about what new and innovative bicycle facilities, signals, and
markings are permitted per the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control
Devices (MUTCD). This online table/webpage lists various bicycle-
related signs, markings, signals, and other treatments and identifies
their status (e.g., can be implemented, currently experimental,
disallowed) per the 2009 version of the MUTCD and subsequent
interim approvals and interpretations.
Incorporating On-Road Bicycle Networks into
Resurfacing Projects
FHWA | March 2016
Incorporating This report provides guidance on incorporating bicycle infrastructure
On-Road Bicycle Networks into roadway resurfacing projects. It provides an overview of typical
into Resurfacing Projects resurfacing processes and timelines, the methods for including
bikeways, and cost and material considerations.
MARCH 2016
Separated Bike Lane Design Guide
MassDOT | 2015
While this is a document from Massachusetts, it is being used as a
design resource throughout the United States by project planners
and designers for considering, evaluating and designing separated
bike lanes as part of a complete streets approach for transportation
networks. Since its publication, its guidance has been cited in many
non-Massachusetts jurisdictions, and its explanatory tables and
graphics make different aspects of separated bikeway design easier to
understand for engineers and laypeople alike.
Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers 13National Resources Bicycle-Specific
Bicycle Network Planning and Facility
Bicycle Network Planning &
Facility Design Approaches
Design Approaches in the Netherlands
in the Netherlands and
the United States
and the United States
FHWA Global Benchmarking Program FHWA | April 2016
This report explores similarities and differences in the approach to
bicycle network planning and facility design between the Netherlands
and the United States. A brief historical overview is provided as context
for a discussion about planning and design approaches and physical
infrastructure as observed during a visit to the Netherlands in August
2015. This report highlights four specific themes (Prioritize Seamless
and Efficient Bicycle Movement, Trust in Users in the Adaptability
of the Transportation System, Design for the Behavior You Want to
See, and Prioritize Network Connectivity) observed in practice in the
Netherlands that are applicable to transportation practice in the United
States.
14 Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for EngineersOhio Resources
Project Development Process Manual
ODOT Project Development Process Manual (Appendix B)
ODOT
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview
1: Project Manager
2: Initial Identification of Projects
The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) has developed
3: Federal Oversight Determination
4: Project Classifications
4.1: Path 1 Projects
a Project Development Process (PDP) that includes regular
4.2: Path 2 Projects
4.3: Path 3 Projects
4.4: Path 4 Projects
4.5: Path 5 Projects
5: Stakeholder and Public Involvement
6: Project Meetings
7: Objectivity
communication among technical disciplines, results in quality plans,
8: Project Scheduling
9: Cost Estimates
10: Scoping
and minimizes cost overruns during right-of-way acquisition and
project construction. The PDP manual covers the five phases that
11: Alternative Delivery Methods
11.1: Design-Build Projects
11.2: Emergency Projects
projects must advance through prior to construction. These phases are:
12: Related Manuals
13: Roles and Responsibilities
14: Transitioning Between Paths
Planning, Preliminary Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Final
15: Contract Management
Planning Phase
Engineering, and Construction.
1: Project Start-Up
2: Planning and Programming
3: STIP/TIP
4: Internal Meeting with Project Sponsor and ODOT
5: Project Initiation Package
6: Define Study Area and Logical Termini
7: Conduct Field Review
8: Identify Discipline Specific Issues for Project Initiation Package and Submittals
8.1: Design
8.2: Geotechnical
8.3: Environmental
8.4: Utilities
9: Project Initiation Package Submittal and Review
10: Conduct Aerial Survey and Basemapping for the Project
11: Purpose and Need Statement
300 Cross Section Design
Ohio Location and Design Manual
305.4.2 Curbed to Uncurbed Transitions
When an urban type section with curbs at the edge of traveled way changes to a rural type section
ODOT
without curbs, the curb should be transitioned laterally at a 4:1 (longitudinal: lateral) rate to the outside
edge of the treated shoulder or 3 ft., whichever is greater. See Figure 401-4b, Option 2.
305.4.3 Curbed Approach to Uncurbed Mainline
When a curbed side road intersects a mainline that is not curbed, the curb should be terminated no closer
This manual establishes Ohio-based roadway guidelines per key
national guidelines, standards, and recommendations.
to the mainline edge of traveled way than 8 ft. or the edge of the treated shoulder, whichever is greater.
See Figure 401-4a.
306 Pedestrian Facilities
306.1 General
The purpose of the manual is to focus the selection of design
alternatives to those most appropriate for the State of Ohio, to
When pedestrians’ facilities are to be constructed or reconstructed as part of a project, the facilities shall
be designed to accommodate persons with disabilities. The pedestrian environment must be designed to
accommodate the needs of all users, some of whom have a broad range of mobility, physical and
cognitive skills.
Additional guidance in the design of pedestrian facilities may be found in The Access Board’s Accessible
Rights-of-Way - A Design Guide, and FHWA’s Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access, Part 2, Best
Practices Design Guide and other publications.
document Ohio’s interpretation of various geometric policies, and to
306.2 Sidewalk Design
include design criteria which may be unique to the State of Ohio.
306.2.1 Sidewalk and Shoulder Installation
Sidewalks are the principal improvements used to accommodate pedestrians, but it is recognized that
wide shoulders and unpaved walkable space may be acceptable in some instances. Figure 306-1
provides a detailed listing of the recommended guidelines for the various roadway classifications for
The manual is neither a textbook nor a substitute for engineering
knowledge, experience or judgment. It is intended to provide uniform
sidewalks/walkways.
While Figure 306-1 recommends when and where to install sidewalks, sidewalks should be considered
on projects with curb-and-gutter installations and in areas where there is obvious pedestrian use (such as
worn footpaths).
While no sidewalk requirements are specifically recommended for certain rural roadways, some
residential areas should have a pedestrian connection to the rest of the rural community. A paved or
procedures for implementing design decisions, assure quality and
unpaved shoulder should be provided as a minimum where it is impractical to provide a sidewalk along a
paved rural road. continuity in design of highways in Ohio, and assure compliance with
Federal criteria.
306.2.2 Sidewalk Widths
Minimum and desirable sidewalk widths are shown in Figure 306-2. The minimum recommended width
is 5 ft. Under limited conditions, a 4 ft. sidewalk width can tolerated, although this width does not provide
adequate clearance room or mobility for pedestrians passing in opposite directions. A 4 ft. width can be
accepted if there are 5 ft. wide by at least 5 ft. long passing sections at least every 200 ft.
January 2016 3-9
Ohio Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
(MUTCD)
Ohio
Manual of ODOT
Uniform
Traffic The Ohio MUTCD establishes statewide standards for the design and
Control use of traffic control devices on streets, highways, bikeways and private
Devices roads open to public travel in Ohio.
2005
2012 Edition
Edition
January 13, 2012
Ohio Department of Transportation
Effective
Office April 12,
of Traffic 2012
Engineering
Ohio Department of Transportation
Office of Traffic Engineering
Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers 15Ohio Resources
Ohio Traffic Engineering Manual
Traffic ODOT
Engineering
This manual is a consolidation of ODOT traffic engineering policies,
Manual guidelines, standards and best practices. It is intended that all ODOT
traffic engineering information is found in this manual, or is cross-
referenced from it. Information from several previous publications
and documents have been incorporated, including the Traffic Control
Application Standards Manual, the Traffic Control Design Information
Manual and the Construction Guidelines Manual for Traffic Control
Devices.
October 23, 2002 Edition
(including revisions through April 15, 2005)
Ohio Department of Transportation
Office of Traffic Engineering
Pavement Design Manual
Pavement
Pavement
ODOT
Design
Design
This manual establishes engineering concepts intended for use with all
roadway new or reconstruction projects, major and minor rehabilitation
Manual
Manual projects, and surface treatment projects which are under the
jurisdiction of the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT).
The purpose of this manual is to focus the selection of design variables
to those most appropriate for the State of Ohio, document Ohio’s
interpretation of various policies and to include design criteria which
may be unique to Ohio.
OPE Design
Office of
Pavement
Engineering
Management Research
The Ohio Department of Transportation
Ohio Temporary Traffic Control Manual
Temporary ODOT
The Ohio Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (OMUTCD)
Traffic establishes statewide standards for the design and use of traffic control
devices on any street, highway, bikeway or private road open to public
Control travel in Ohio
The portion of the OMUTCD that deals with Temporary Traffic Control,
Manual Parts 1 (General), 5 (Low-Volume Roads), and 6 (Temporary Traffic
Control), have also been reproduced together in a separate publication
titled the Temporary Traffic Control Manual. This separate publication is
2012 Edition
also often referred to as the “orange book” because of its orange cover.
Reprint of three Parts from the
Ohio Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2012 Edition:
Part 1, General
Part 5, Traffic Control Devices for Low-Volume Roads
Part 6, Temporary Traffic Control
Ohio Department of Transportation
Office of Traffic Engineering
16 Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for EngineersOhio Resources
Standard Construction Drawings
ODOT
This document provides standard detail drawings of traffic control
devices used in ODOT plans. They have been reviewed and approved
by FHWA for use on ODOT projects. Current and archived versions of
the drawings are available in both .pdf and MicroStation (.dgn) formats.
Sign Designs and Markings Manual
ODOT
SIGN DESIGNS
and This manual contains Standard Sign Designs for traffic control signs
MARKINGS MANUAL addressed in the Ohio Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices
(SDMM) (OMUTCD) and the ODOT Traffic Engineering Manual (TEM), as
well as some signs not yet specifically addressed in either of these
SECTION 295-2 manuals. The SDMM has been incorporated by reference into both
of the
Traffic Engineering Manual the OMUTCD and the TEM. Pedestrian and bicycle-related signs are
located throughout the manual and school area signs are included in
Chapter 7.
Ohio Department of Transportation
Office of Traffic Engineering
Roadway Standards Approved Products
ODOT
This webpage describes products that are approved for use on Ohio
roadways including detectable warnings.
Bicycle and Pedestrian Resources for Engineers 17Visit online walk.ohio.gov
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