Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.

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Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
Before you make
a decision about
your pregnancy,
You have a right
   to know.
Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
The Right to CHOOSE...                                                                                                             ...Involves the Right to KNOW
                                                                                                                                                        All photos are used for illustrative purposes only.

Pregnancy is one of the most
natural occurrences in a woman’s
                                                                                            This booklet will
life, yet at the same time it can be                                                        provide information on
one of the most frightening and
confusing experiences a woman                                                               three options available
may ever go through.
                                                                                            in Canada:
Studies have shown that women in
an unplanned pregnancy feel that
their life is over. Yet, many also                                                          1. Carrying your
acknowledge that if they had been
able to get over the fear and think                                                            pregnancy to term
clearly about their situation, they
may not have rushed into the
                                                                                               and parenting
decision that they finally made.                                                               your child
Women who are given sufficient
time and knowledge of their options
make decisions that they do not                                                             2. Making a choice
often regret. This booklet is
designed to help you do precisely                                                              to place your child
that.
                                                                                               for adoption

                                                                                            3. Choosing abortion

                                                                                            Before you decide, gather as much
                                                                                            credible information as possible.
                                                                                            Check your sources, examine your
                                                                                                                                    “Do not make a decision
                                                                                                                                         based on fear.
                                                                                            own attitudes, work through your
                 All photos are used for illustrative purposes only.                        anxiety and do not make a decision
                                                                                            based on fear. Learn the facts today.
Important Note: Third party references and website referrals are for information purposes

                                                                                                                                     Learn the facts today.”
only. Signal Hill does not accept responsibility or liability for any misinformation
contained therein. This document copyright is the property of Signal Hill.
All rights reserved.
Signal Hill is a registered charity. Our registered charitable tax number is
129669818RR0001
                                                                                                                                                                                               3
Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
Beginning at the Beginning...
                                                                Though every circumstance of an        It is important that you have some idea of
                                                                unplanned pregnancy is                 where you are in your pregnancy.
                                                                different there is one thing that
                                                                unites them all: You have a right to   The following is some information about
                                                                accurate, up-to-date information       fetal development that you may want to
                                                                about your pregnancy and your          consider before making your decision:
                                                                health with compassionate support
                                                                and understanding.

                                                                This is precisely why we have
                                                                prepared this resource for you. We
                                                                can’t make decisions on your
                                                                behalf but we want to ensure that
                                                                                                       Pregnancy & Fetal
                                                                you have all of the information and
                                                                support available to you.
                                                                                                       Development
          All photos are used for illustrative purposes only.                                          During pregnancy, a woman’s body
                                                                An unplanned pregnancy does not        goes through many changes. Some
You are not the first woman to                                  mean the end of your world, though     common symptoms of early
experience an unplanned                                         it may feel like it at times. It is    pregnancy include a missed period,
pregnancy and you won’t be the                                  important that you take the time to    nausea, breast tenderness, frequent
last. Many women have sat where                                 process this new reality, gather       urination, tiredness, and mood
you are sitting and have felt what                              information and consult with those     swings.
you are feeling.                                                who are in a position to help you
                                                                without any gain for themselves.       Most pregnancy tests are very
You are not alone in this.                                                                             reliable. However, to confirm a
                                                                                                       pregnancy, a woman should visit
                                                                                                       an appropriate health care
If you are like most women,
thoughts are racing around your
                                                                   “You have a right to                professional. A woman’s doctor
head so fast you can barely keep                                  accurate, up-to-date                 may request an ultrasound exam
                                                                                                       to confirm the status of her
up. Thoughts like: “I’m too young to
have a baby,” “how can I afford to
                                                                 information about your                pregnancy. This information is
                                                                                                       important whether a woman is
raise another child?” or “this will                                pregnancy and your                  considering abortion or continuing
end my relationship.”
                                                                        health.”                       her pregnancy.

SI G N A L       HI LL                                                                                                                                                             5
                                                                                                                                                    Photo used with permission,
                                                                                                                                                    courtesy of Jesse Bone Photography
Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
Fetal Development:
Day 1
At the moment of conception all of
the personal characteristics for
human development such as
temperament, sex, hair and eye
colour are determined. All that is                                                                                         11 Weeks
needed is nutrients and time to grow.1                                                                        9 Weeks
Day 18-20                                                                                                                                            14 Weeks
The foundations of the brain,                                                               Day 1
spinal cord, and nervous system
                                                                                                                           26 weeks
are laid.2                                                                       14 weeks                                  Although they've been sealed
                                                                                                                           shut for the last few months, the
                                                                                 The skin of the fetus is still very
Day 21                                                                           transparent. Lanugo (very fine hair)
                                                                                                                           fetus's eyes are opening and
The heart begins to beat.3 It is                                                 covers the body. Generally this will be
                                                                                                                           beginning to blink. Fetal brain scans                 19 Weeks
usually around this time that a                                                                                            show a response to touch. If a light is
                                                                                 shed prior to birth.7
woman confirms her pregnancy.                                                                                              shone on the mother’s abdomen, the
                                                                                                                           fetus will turn its head, which means
5 weeks                                                                          21 weeks                                  its optic nerve is working. 10
7 weeks from Last Menstrual Period                                               The fetus may startle in reaction to
The umbilical cord develops which                                                loud sounds. It can actually hear
will be the embryo's lifeline in utero.                                          noises outside of the womb.
                                                                                                                           32 weeks
It bears the responsibility of pumping                                           Familiar voices, music and sounds         It may be noted that the fetus is not
in oxygen, removing waste and                                                    that the fetus becomes used to            moving around as much. It’s just
supplying the necessary nutrients                                                during development stages are             running short on room. Besides
while in uterus.4                                                                often calming after birth. 8              growing, the fetus is busy dreaming.                                        22 Weeks
                                                                                                                           Brain scans have shown that fetuses
9 weeks                                                                                                                    have periods of dream sleep (REM)            If you would like to learn more about
The embryo will curve its fingers                                                23 weeks                                  starting around the eighth month.11          fetal development, there are many great
around an object placed in the palm                                              With the fetus’s sense of                                                              websites that will provide you with
of its hand.5                                                                    movement now well developed, the                                                       detailed information and imaging.
                                                                                 mother can sway to music and the           35 weeks                                    These two websites have valuable
10 weeks                                                                         fetus will be able to feel the dancing     From this point onwards, the fetus is       information on pre-natal development,
The most critical part of the embryo's                                           motion. It can now viably survive          no longer considered premature
development is complete. Now it’s
                                                                                                                                                                        pregnancy and birthing information:
                                                                                 outside the womb with appropriate          and is patiently awaiting its entrance
headed into a period of rapid growth.6                                           medical intervention.9                     into the world.12                            www.justthefacts.org
                                                                                                                                                                         www.babycenter.com
....................................................................................                                        .....................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                7
1. Overview:Fetal Development. In Pregnancy.org. Retreived Nov. 23, 2009, from   5. ibid.                                  10. ibid.                                    Images: To the best of our knowledge, the “Day 1” and “9 Weeks” fetal development
http://www.pregnancy.org/article/overview-fetal-development                      6. ibid.                                  11. ibid.                                    images are in the public domain and have been printed with respect to the Canadian
2. ibid.                                                                         7. ibid.                                  12. ibid.                                    Copyright Act. The rest of the fetal images have been reproduced with permission from
3. ibid.                                                                         8. ibid.                                                                               Windows to the Womb, ©Life Issues Institute.
4. ibid.                                                                         9. ibid.
Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
Parenting
For a lot of women, the thought of
parenting can be overwhelming. You
                                                      If you choose to parent your child,
                                                      you have a right to know what            Financial Assistance:                    The Universal Childcare Benefit
                                                                                                                                        The UCCB helps Canadian families
may be thinking, “I’m too young to                    resources are in place to help you.      Most Provinces provide a variety of      through direct financial support. It is
be a mom” or wondering, “how will I                   Here are some helpful services that      programs and services to aid             for children under the age of six
be able to afford to raise a child?”                  you need to know about:                  parents and families. Please visit       years and is paid in installments of
                                                                                               your provincial website or contact       $100 per month per child. Find out
                                                                                               your community services agency for       more and apply online at:
If you decide on                                      Child Support:                           more information. The Government         www.cra-arc.gc.ca/bnfts
parenting, there is                                   Child support is the payment that
                                                                                               of British Columbia undertakes the
                                                                                               distribution of funds for families       Maternity & Parental Leave
more support available                                one parent pays to the other for the     through the Ministry of Housing and      For those who are gainfully
                                                      care and upbringing of their child or
than you may realize.                                 children.
                                                                                               Social Development. Services that        employed, weekly benefits can be
                                                                                               they provide are:                        claimed up to eight weeks before the
                                                                                                                                        expected date of birth or within 17
                                                      The amount of money that the                                                      weeks after the child is born.
Parenting can be the most                                                                      Natal Supplement
                                                      parent pays is determined by Child                                                Contact Service Canada to find out
challenging yet one of the most                                                                A monthly natal supplement of $45
                                                      Support Guidelines which are                                                      about your most advantageous date
fulfilling experiences of your life. Few                                                       is available for expectant mothers on
                                                      established by Canadian law.                                                      to file your claim in order to receive
women who parent their children                                                                income assistance and families with
regret their decision. Although you                                                            infants up to seven months old.          the maximum maternity benefits.
                                                      The following online booklet outlines    www.eia.gov.bc.ca/factsheets/            www.servicecanada.gc.ca/eng/ei/
may initially feel like you are giving
                                                      Child Support Guidelines and helps       2005/natal.htm                           types/special.shtml
up your own dreams and goals,
                                                      you estimate what an appropriate
many people feel motivated by their
                                                      amount of child support would likely     Childcare Subsidy
new responsibility and seek to
achieve even more in their lives than
                                                      be in your situation. It also provides
                                                      resources to help you to come to an
                                                                                               The Childcare Subsidy is a monthly       Paternity Testing:
they would have otherwise.                                                                     payment that helps British Columbia      You have a right to non-invasive
                                                      agreement with the father of your        families meet the costs of child care.   paternity testing in Canada to
                                                      child:                                   www.mcf.gov.bc.ca/childcare              determine the father of your child.
                                                      www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/fcy-fea         1-800-387-1193                           Non-invasive pre-natal DNA
                                                                                                                                        paternity testing utilizes blood
                                                      For more information you may want        If you have additional enquiries
                                                      to contact the Department of Justice                                              samples and saliva from the father
                                                                                               about financial assistance in BC, you    and involves no risk to the pregnant
                                                      Canada’s Family Law Information
                                                                                               may contact:                             woman or to the fetus.
                                                      Line at: 1-888-373-2222
                                                                                               EnquiryBC@gov.bc.ca                      http://www.canadiancrc.com/NON-
                                                                                               1-866-866-0806                           INVASIVE_Prenatal_DNA_Paternity_
                                                                                                                                        Testing.aspx

SI G N A L              HILL                                                                                                                                                9

All photos are used for illustrative purposes only.
Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
Parenting
Pregnancy Resource                          By means of referrals, pregnancy
                                            resource centres may also be able
                                                                                     Childcare Resources & Referral
                                                                                     Services
                                                                                                                                   Monitor Your Baby’s Development
                                                                                                                                   Baby Center is an excellent online
Centres                                     to refer you to the following services
                                            in your area:
                                                                                     This service offers quality child care
                                                                                     referrals, workshops, resources and
                                                                                                                                   resource offering information on
                                                                                                                                   pregnancy, fetal development, FAQs
Local pregnancy resource centres                                                     support across British Columbia.              and much more!
have been serving pregnant women            Medical care                             www.childcarechoices.ca                       www.babycenter.com
for over 40 years. They offer a wide        Social services
variety of services, most of them for                                                Pregnancy Outreach Programs                   Relational Support for Young Mothers
free. Here is a basic list of things that   Professional counselling                 This association offers free services         A website dedicated to supporting
you can expect from a resource                                                       including support groups and                  young mothers. This includes
                                            Housing
centre in your area that will help you                                               in-home visits from health care               helping moms to feel like they are
make an informed decision:                  Adoption/foster care                     professionals.                                not alone in their experiences and
                                                                                     www.bcapop.ca                                 providing them with a complete
24-hour hotline                             Legal services                                                                         picture of what life as a teen/young
Confidential, free pregnancy test           Single parent support network            La Leche League Canada                        mom is like.
                                                                                     A group to encourage, promote and             www.youngmommies.com
Peer counselling                            Daycare resources for student            provide mother-to-mother
Pregnancy options information               mothers                                  breastfeeding support and                     Contact your local community
and counselling                                                                      educational opportunities.                    services branch to find out about
                                            For a complete list of pregnancy         www.lllc.ca                                   services offered in your area such
Maternity and baby clothing/                resource centres in North America:                                                     as pre-natal classes, instruction on
baby furnishings                            www.optionline.org                       Cozy Bums Diapers                             breastfeeding, nutritional
                                            1-877-88WOMAN                            This is an alternative for moms who           information or drop-in educational
Post-abortion counselling                                                            want to use cloth diapers, a more             sessions with childcare provided.
                                                                                     affordable option in the long run.
Labour support person
                                            Other Services                           This Canadian company provides
Childbirth classes                          There are many services offered by       products that are both earth-
                                            individuals and organizations that       friendly and convenient.
Fetal development information
                                            exist to assist a new mother. The        www.cozybums.ca
Abortion procedures and risk                following is a list of just a few:
information                                                                          BC Midwifery Association
                                            Healthy Choices in Pregnancy             Midwives are experts with extensive
Community referrals                         This website provides resources          training that focuses on pregnancy,
Ongoing support                             and information to expectant             birth and the postpartum for both
                                            mothers about ensuring a healthy         mom and baby. Midwives are a safe
                                            pregnancy.                               and recognized choice for maternity
                                            www.actnowbc.ca                          care.
                                                                                     www.bcmidwives.com
SI G N A L     HILL                                                                  www.canadianmidwives.org                 All photos are used for illustrative purposes only.   11 11
Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
Adoption
                                                                            In the past, adoption has been
                                                                            shrouded in secrecy and birth                                                                   As a birth mother,
                                                                            mothers had few or no rights
                                                                            regarding their children.                                                                       you have several
                                                                            Thankfully, this is no longer the
                                                                            case. Adoption is a valid option for                                                            rights concerning
                                                                            women experiencing an unplanned
                                                                            pregnancy. There is no denying                                                                  your child’s adoption:
                                                                            that placing your child for adoption
                                                                            is one of the hardest decisions you                                                            1. You have the right to choose
                                                                            may ever make but it can also be                                                               your child’s adoptive family*
                                                                            one of the most liberating and
                                                                            rewarding.
                                                                                                                                                                           and the option of taking an
                                                                                                                                                                           active role in just about every
                                                                            This is not something you have to                                                              stage in the adoption process.13
                                                                            navigate on your own. There are
                                                                            adoption professionals you can
                                                                            turn to for help. They will walk with                                                          2. Prior to placing your child for
                                                                            you every step of the way by                                                                   adoption, you have the right to
                                                                            providing free counselling, helping                                                            change your mind at any time
                                                                            you learn about your legal rights as
                                                                            a birth mother and helping you to                                                              and to have your child
                                                                            decide on the right family and how                                                             temporarily placed with a
                                                                            best to communicate with them as
                                                                            the years progress. All of the costs                                                           caregiver while you continue
                                                                            associated with the adoption are                                                               with your decision-making
                                                                            assumed by the adoptive parents.                                                               tasks. 14
                                                                            The key is to go slowly and to
                                                                            gather as much information as                                                                  3. Once you place your child for
                                                                            possible. Taking your time selecting                                                           adoption, you have the right to
                                                                            the adoptive family and being
                                                                            involved in the adoption process
                                                                                                                                                                           request ongoing contact with
                                                                            will help ensure that your child will                                                          the adopting family and your
                                                                            receive the best care and a positive                                                           child.
                                                                                                                                                                                 15

                                                                            future with a loving family.                                                                   *Adoptive families will need to be approved by government guidelines to
                                                                                                                                                                           ensure your child’s safety.
                                                                            .....................................................................................
S I G N A L   HI LL                                                                                                                                                                                                                           1 3
                                                                            13. Adopting in Canada. Canada Adopts. Retreived on Nov. 23, 2009, from http://www.canadaadopts.com/canada/open.shtml#ten.
                                                                            14. ibid.
                                                                            15. ibid.

                      All photos are used for illustrative purposes only.
Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
Adoption
Open Adoption                                    Here are some important things to
                                                 remember: 16

As the birth mother you are                      1. Realize you have choices
concerned about the long-term well
being of your child. It’s a natural and          2. Understand your rights
admirable desire to want the best for
                                                 3. Educate yourself on the
him or her. Open Adoption is a way
to do just that. Although it might                  process
sound intimidating, an open adoption             4. Professionals in the field exist
simply refers to any situation where
the adoptive parents and the birth
                                                    to help you
mother know each other and                       5. No one can make this
exchange identifying information.
                                                    decision for you
The depth of the exchange can vary
and plans for future communication               6. This is not an emergency.
are discussed either with the parents
                                                    Take the time to fully consider
at the time of interview or through
the designated adoption practitioner.               all of your options
You have many rights in this process
                                                 Here are some of the most
and you take an integral role in
                                                 comprehensive websites in Canada
interviewing the future parents. You
                                                 which will provide you with the
choose the best couple for your child
                                                 information you need including a
and take an active role at just about
                                                 registry of parents that are waiting
every stage of the adoption process.
                                                 to adopt a baby:
Both the birth mother and biological             www.adoptionconnections.ca
father are entitled to independent               www.canadaadopts.com
legal counsel whose costs are paid               www.hopeadopt.org
for by the prospective adoptive                  www.sunriseadoption.com
parents. Even if in the end, you
                                                 Find out more about adoption by
choose not to place your child for
                                                 calling Adoption Connections at
adoption, there will be no cost to the
                                                 1-519-514-9993 or writing to
birth parents at all.
                                                 info@canadaadopts.com.

                                          .........................................
S I G N A L   HI LL                                                                                                                                                     1 5
                                          16. Birth Mothers. Canada Adopts. Retreived on Feb. 5, 2010, from
                                          http://www.canadaadopts.com/birthmothers/professionals.shtml#mistakes

                                                                                                                  All photos are used for illustrative purposes only.
Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
Abortion
      “You have the right to know all of the facts regarding the                                                                                                                             The physical side-effects of abortion
                                                                                                                                                                                             will vary depending on the type of
      potential physical or psychological effects of abortion.”                                                                                                                              abortion procedure used and the
.....................................................................................                                                                                                        length of the pregnancy prior to
                                                                                                                                                                                             abortion. In general, the risk of
                                                                                                                                                                                             complications increases with
                                                                                                                                                                                             gestational age past eight weeks.18
                                                                                                                                                                                             Some physical complications appear
                                                                                                                                                                                             in the first hours following the
                                                                                                                                                                                             abortion, while others may take days,
                                                                                                                                                                                             weeks and even years to make
                                                                                                                                                                                             themselves known. For more
                                                                                                                                                                                             information on the potential physical
                                                                                                                                                                                             and psychological side effects of
                                                                                                                                                                                             abortion, turn to pages 20 and 21.

                                                                                                                                       All photos are used for illustrative purposes only.   It is important that you are not
                                                                                                                                                                                             pressured or coerced into an
                                                                                                                                                                                             abortion. Often women, even those
Following their abortion, some women                                                                    These emotional complications can                                                    whose pregnancies are a result of
report feeling immediate relief. Others                                                                 last for a very long time and some                                                   rape or incest, choose to abort
never experience any physical or                                                                        women don’t recognize them until                                                     because of external pressures and
psychological effects following an                                                                      years later.                                                                         later regret that decision.19
abortion. But many women do report
having emotional complications arise                                                                    Web-sites and counselling centres                                                    Sometimes women fear parental
in the weeks, months or even years                                                                      exist to help these women deal with                                                  disapproval or the loss of a
following the procedure.17                                                                              the emotional after-effects of                                                       relationship. Others fear losing their
                                                                                                        abortion:                                                                            job, housing or personal safety. You
If you choose to proceed with this                                                                      www.afterabortion.com                                                                may feel like you don't have any
legal medical option, we believe you                                                                    www.onlinecare.ca                                                                    options. But there is help available.
have the right to know all of the facts                                                                                                                                                      This resource has been created to
regarding the potential physical or                                                                                                                                                          provide you with valid options and
psychological effects of abortion.                                                                                                                                                           practical support.

....................................................................................
17. Coleman PK et al., Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders: Isolating, Journal of Psychiatric Research (2008), doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.10.009
18. Mishell, Daniel R. et al., “Induced Abortion: Family Planning” The Merck Manual for Medical Professionals (Merck Research Laboratories, 2006 - 2008)
19. Victims and Victors (Springfield, Acorn Books, 2000) p. 19-20
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1 7
Before you make a decision about your pregnancy, You have a right - to know.
Abortion
Types of Abortions:
There are two types of abortions:                                                                      number of days following the                                                              Dilation and Curettage (D&C)                                                                           Dilation and Extraction (D&X)
medical (or chemical) and surgical.                                                                    procedure. Follow-up is required to
                                                                                                                                                                                                 This method can be used up to 12                                                                       Late-term abortions take place in
                                                                                                       ensure successful evacuation. An
                                                                                                                                                                                                 weeks of pregnancy. After dilation                                                                     Canada although they are rare.
                                                                                                       alternative procedure may be
Medical Abortions:                                                                                     required in the event of an
                                                                                                                                                                                                 of the cervix, a curette, or looped
                                                                                                                                                                                                 shaped knife is used to scrape out
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Recent reports indicate over 300
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        happen per year.29 This method
                                                                                                       incomplete abortion. 23
A medical abortion can only be                                                                                                                                                                   the contents of the uterus (embryo                                                                     uses medications injected into the
performed within the initial seven                                                                                                                                                               or fetus and pregnancy tissue). This                                                                   vagina or amniotic sac to induce
weeks of pregnancy. This procedure                                                                     Surgical Abortions:                                                                       procedure may also be used as a
                                                                                                                                                                                                 follow-up to incomplete abortions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        labour. Prior to complete delivery,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        the skull of the fetus is
requires methotrexate and
                                                                                                                                                                                                 after other procedures.26                                                                              decompressed to allow delivery of
misoprostol to empty the contents                                                                      Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        the head. This procedure is not
of the uterus.                                                                                         This is the most common method                                                                                                                                                                   available in all provinces.30
                                                                                                                                                                                                 Dilation and Evacuation (D&E)
                                                                                                       of abortion and it can only be
Methotrexate is a chemotherapy                                                                         performed during the first trimester.                                                     This second trimester abortion is
drug that inhibits the replication of                                                                                                                                                            rarer than MVA or D&C simply
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hysterotomy Abortion
                                                                                                       Most women will require cervical
the human cell. 20 Given to pregnant                                                                   dilation which can be done using                                                          because earlier abortions carry                                                                        This method of abortion is
women, it prevents the embryo from                                                                     dilators or medications prior to the                                                      fewer risks than mid or late-term                                                                      extremely rare. The abdomen and
continuing its development. It is                                                                      procedure or metal rods during the                                                        abortions. The cervix is dilated the                                                                   the womb are opened surgically like
given by injection or taken orally.21                                                                  procedure.24 Local anesthetic or                                                          day before the procedure using                                                                         in a caesarean section. 31 A small
                                                                                                       medication may be used to reduce                                                          osmotic dilators or medications.                                                                       incision is made and the contents
A few days later, the second                                                                           pain and the risk of blood loss or                                                        Local anesthetic or medications are                                                                    of the womb (fetus and pregnancy
medication, misoprostol, is                                                                            infection. A long thin tube is                                                            given to reduce pain and the risk of                                                                   tissue) are removed. As it is major
self-administered as vaginal tablets                                                                   inserted through the cervix and into                                                      blood loss or infection. Medical                                                                       abdominal surgery, this procedure
or oral pills. It causes the muscles                                                                   the uterus. Suction is used to                                                            instruments and suction are used                                                                       is only used when other procedures
of the uterus to contract, pushing                                                                     separate the tissues from the                                                             to separate the contents of the                                                                        have failed or are medically
out the contents of the uterus which                                                                   uterine wall and empty the contents                                                       uterus (fetus and pregnancy tissue)                                                                    unadvisable.
include the embryo and pregnancy                                                                       of the uterus which include the                                                           and ensure the pieces are small
tissue.22 Pain medication is used to                                                                   embryo or fetus and pregnancy                                                             enough to safely extract.27
ease cramping and abdominal                                                                            tissue.25                                                                                 Additional products of conception
discomfort as the embryo is                                                                                                                                                                      are removed with forceps.28
expelled and is often taken for a

....................................................................................                                                                                                             .....................................................................................
20. Abortion. Online Care. Retrieved on Nov. 20, 2009, from www.onlinecare.ca/OptionAbortion.aspx.                                                                                               26. Abortion. Online Care. Op Cit.
21. Frequently Asked Questions about Medical Abortions. Willow Women’s Clinic. Retreived on Nov. 13, 2009, from http://www.medicalabortion.ca/faqs.htm#q13.                                      27. In Clinic Abortion Procedures. Planned Parenthood. Retrieved on Nov. 20, 2009, from /http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/abortion/in-clinic-abortion-procedures-4359.htm.
22. Abortion. Online Care. Op Cit.                                                                                                                                                               28. Davis, Victoria. Op Cit. p1022.
23. Davis, Victoria. (2006, November). Induced Abortion Guidelines. SOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines. Retrieved Oct. 28, 2009, from http://www.sogc.org/guidelines/documents/gui184E0611.pdf.
24. ibid
                                                                                                                                                                                                 29. Statistics Canada. July 2007. Therapeutic Abortion Survey. Canadian Institute for Health Information. Health Statistics Division.
                                                                                                                                                                                                 30. Abortion. Online. Care. Op Cit.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       1 9
25. Surgical Abortions by Manual Vacuum Aspiration. Willow Women’s Clinic. Retreived on Nov. 13, 2009, from http://www.medicalabortion.ca/surgical%20abortions.htm.                              31. Davis, Victoria. Op Cit. p1024.
Abortion
Emotional &                                                                                          2. Higher Rates of Depression,                                      4. 30% Higher Risk of                                                                                  Some Physical Risks
                                                                                                     Substance Abuse, Suicidal Behavior                                  Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Psychological Risks of                                                                               After Abortion                                                                                                                                                             of Abortion
                                                                                                                                                                         Researchers compared women
Abortion                     32
                                                                                                     In a New Zealand study, women                                       who had no prior history of                                                                            The potential physical effects of
Abortion, like most medical                                                                          who had abortions subsequently                                      anxiety and who had experienced                                                                        abortion vary from immediate
procedures, carries risks. Although                                                                  experienced higher rates of                                         a first, unintended pregnancy.                                                                         complications to long-term issues.
some women may experience no                                                                         substance abuse, anxiety disorders,                                 Women who aborted were 30%                                                                             These risks increase the further you
physical or psychological effects                                                                    and suicidal behaviour than women                                   more likely to subsequently report                                                                     are in pregnancy prior to abortion.
from abortion, it is extremely                                                                       who had not had abortions, even                                     all the symptoms associated with                                                                       They also increase with general
important for you to know what the                                                                   after controlling for pre-existing                                                                                                                                         anesthesia. The list of
                                                                                                                                                                         a diagnosis for generalized anxiety
potential effects on your health                                                                     conditions. Approximately 42% of                                                                                                                                           complications includes but is not
                                                                                                                                                                         disorder, compared to women
might be. The following is a sample                                                                  women with a history of abortion                                                                                                                                           limited to: 37
                                                                                                                                                                         who carried to term.36
of some published data:                                                                              had experienced major depression                                                        Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 2005
                                                                                                     in the last four years which is nearly                                                                                                                                     - Very heavy bleeding
1. 65% Experienced Multiple                                                                          double the rate of women who had                                                                                                                                           - Blood clots
Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress                                                                    not been pregnant and 35% higher                                                                                                                                           - Infection
Disorder (PTSD)                                                                                      than those who carried to term.34                                                               95% of Canadians                                                           - Perforated uterus
                                                                                                         Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,                                                                                                                            - Cervical injury
In this study comparing American                                                                                                              2006                                                   agree that women                                                           - Incomplete abortion
and Russian women who had
                                                                                                     3. Significantly Higher Risk of
                                                                                                                                                                                                             should be                                                          - Undetected ectopic pregnancy
experienced abortion, 65% of                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    - Anesthesia complications
American women studied                                                                               Clinical Depression                                                                               informed about                                                           - Rh sensitization 38
experienced multiple symptoms of                                                                     Compared to women who carry their                                                                   the potential                                                          - Future miscarriage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      39

post-traumatic stress disorder                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  - Possible link to breast cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 40

(PTSD), which they attributed to
                                                                                                     first unintended pregnancy to term,
                                                                                                     women who abort their first
                                                                                                                                                                                                          physical and                                                              (further epidemiological studies are warranted)
their abortion. Slightly over 14%                                                                    pregnancy are at significantly higher                                                               psychological
reported all the symptoms                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       A study published in a major
necessary for a clinical diagnosis of
                                                                                                     risk of clinical depression as
                                                                                                     measured an average of eight years
                                                                                                                                                                                                        health risks of                                                         medical journal found that 31% of
abortion induced PTSD and 84%                                                                        after their first pregnancy.35                                                                           abortion.                                                         women surveyed who had
said they did not receive adequate                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              undergone abortions had health
                                                                                                                                    British Medical Journal, 2002
counselling.
             33
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                complications.41
                          Medical Science Monitor, 2004                                                                                                                                      Angus Reid Strategies Poll August 2008
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       To find out more about women’s
                                                                                                                                                                                                               All photos are used for illustrative purposes only.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                       health after abortion go to:
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       www.thesignalhill.com
....................................................................................                                                                                     .....................................................................................
32. Used with permission from the Elliot Institute www.afterabortion.org.                                                                                                36. DC Reardon, JR Cougle, “Depression and Unintended Pregnancy in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: A Cohort Study,” British Medical Journal 324:151-2, 2002.
33. VM Rue et. al., “Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women,” Medical Science Monitor 10(10): SR5-16, 2004.       37. In Clinic Abortion Procedures. Planned Parenthood. Op Cit.
34. PK Coleman et. al., “Induced abortion and anxiety, mood, and substance abuse disorders,” Journal of Psychiatric Research doi:10.1016/jpsychires.2008.10.009, 2008.   38. Blood test for Rh Status and antibody screen. Baby Center. Retrieved on Oct. 28, 2009, from http://www.babycenter.com/0_blood-test-for-rh-status-and-antibody-screen_1480.bc.
35. DM Fergusson et. al., “Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study,” The British Journal of Psychiatry, 193: 444-451, 2008.     39. Yuelian, Sun et al. “Induced abortion and risk of subsequent miscarriage” International Journal of Epidemiology 2003;32:449-454
                                                                                                                                                                         40. Abortion. Online Care. Op Cit.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             2 1
                                                                                                                                                                         41. VM Rue et. al.,“Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women,” Op Cit.
In The End...
In the end we are right back where      The most important thing to
we started. You are in fact pregnant    remember is that you are not alone,
and you have a life-changing            that your life is not over and that
decision to make. It may be one of      there are people who can help you
the hardest you will ever face and no   if you take some simple steps to
one can make it for you; no one can     reach out. Think through your
walk a mile in your shoes. None of      choices and ensure you are not
your options – not parenting,           pressured or coerced in any
adoption or abortion – will take back   fashion.
or erase this part of your life.

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Take the time to examine your own       examine all of your
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both for yourself and your growing
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