Australia Country Travel Advice Report - ASU Global Education Office

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Australia Country Travel Advice Report - ASU Global Education Office
Intelligence and Analysis Services

                            Country Travel Advice Report

                            Australia
                                 Overall Risk Rating: Low | 2.00

Drum Cussac Group Limited      Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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Contents
Country Risk Rating Breakdown ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Country Overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Security
    Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Political
    Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Infrastructural
    Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Environmental
    Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Medical
    Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Fact Box ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Travel Risk Advice ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Threat Scale Reference ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                                                                     2                                             Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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Country Risk Rating Breakdown

   Country Overall Risk Rating                                                        Low | 2.00

          Security             Environmental   Infrastructural                Political              Medical

     Negligible - Low | 1.75      Low | 2.25   Negligible - Low | 1.50   Negligible - Low | 1.50     Low | 2.00

Drum Cussac Group Limited                       3                        Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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Country Overview                                                                                                                           Low | 2.00

Australia is a developed country in the Oceania region. The country has enjoyed relative political stability since gaining independence from the
United Kingdom. However, intra-party fighting has led to the downfall of four prime ministers in the past decade, raising concerns over the
effectiveness of the country's political system. The current Liberal-National coalition government also faces significant challenges throughout the
rest of its term due to a slim majority in the Australian House of Representatives as well as a Senate in which independent or backbencher MPs
control the balance of power.

Armed conflict and unrest are not significant concerns in Australia. However, the country faces a threat of terrorism. In particular, the Middle East-
based Islamic State militant group has called on its supporters to carry out attacks in Australia. Radicalised Australian nationals in the country and
those who have travelled to international theatres of conflict also pose a threat to internal security. The Australian government, however, has
responded to such terror threats with a high level of effectiveness, including the passage of new terrorism-related laws and heightened security
measures.

The level of corruption is low, and the country is ranked among the best for ease of doing business. Transportation system or public utilities are of
a good standard and highly reliable. High-quality medical care is also available. However, natural hazards, including powerful storm systems,
pose a seasonal concern in several parts of the country.

Security                                                                                                                       Negligible - Low | 1.75

Overview

Australia is generally a safe destination, with petty crime being the most significant threat for foreign travelers, notably in major cities. However,
there is also a prevailing threat of terrorism stemming from calls by the Middle East-based Islamic State (IS) for its followers to launch attacks in
Australia as well as radicalized nationals who can carry out lone-wolf attacks. Protests and industrial action occasionally occur, although these
generally remain non-violent.

Political                                                                                                                      Negligible - Low | 1.50

Overview

There are no known threats that can undermine political stability in the medium term, although the coalition's slim majority in the House of
Representatives can pose a significant challenge to passing legislation. Corruption is not a significant concern in the country and is unlikely to
impede international investment.

Infrastructural                                                                                                                Negligible - Low | 1.50

Overview

There are no significant concerns over air travel in Australia. The country has excellent utility infrastructure, although tariff rates are considered
higher than those in other developed countries. Communications infrastructure is generally excellent but mobile network coverage may be
unavailable in some remote areas. The country's road network is extensive and well maintained but some outback roads are unpaved. However,
road travel in remote areas can be hazardous due to the distances between population centers and harsh climatic conditions.

Environmental                                                                                                                              Low | 2.25

Overview

Given its various geographical and topographical orientations, the country is vulnerable to climatic extremes that may pose health hazards to
those unfamiliar with such conditions. Several parts of the country, including densely populated cities, are highly susceptible to various types of
storm systems during the cyclone season between November and April and over the winter period.

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                                 4                              Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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                                                                                                                                    Low | 2.00
Medical

Overview

Healthcare facilities in Australia are generally excellent and are easily accessible in major urban centers. Pharmacies are widespread and well
stocked with over-the-counter and prescription pharmaceuticals.

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                              5                            Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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Fact Box
   Government
                     Parliamentary Democracy (Federal Parliament)
   Type

   Population        23,781,169 (2015)

   Currency          Australian dollar

                     English 77%, Other, including Mandarin, Italian, Arabic, Greek, Cantonese, Vietnamese,
   Languages
                     13%.

   Time Zone         UTC+10

                     Protestant 23.1%, Roman Catholic 22.6%, other Christian 4.2%, Muslim 2.6%, Buddhist
   Religions
                     2.4%, Orthodox 2.3%, Hindu 1.9%, other 1.3%, none 30.1%, unspecified 9.6%

   Traffic           Drives on the left

   Plug Types        Type I

                     English 26%, Australian 25%, Irish 8%, Scottish 6%, Other, including Italian, German,
   Ethnicities
                     Chinese, Indian, Greek, Dutch, Australian aboriginal 45%

   Drinking
                     Safe to Drink
   Water

                     Significant Dates:
   Additional
                     January 1 - New Year’s Day January 27 - Australia Day (National Day) April 10 - Good
   Information
                     Friday April 13 - Easter Monday April 25 - ANZAC Day June 8 - Queen's Birthday December
                     25 - Christmas Day December 26 - Boxing Day December 28 - Christmas Holiday

   International
   Country           +61
   Code

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                6                      Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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Travel Risk Advice

Vaccinations and Key Health Risks

You should visit a health care professional at least four to six weeks prior to the trip. Travellers should ensure that they have routine vaccination
courses and boosters. Routine vaccines include measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, varicella (chickenpox), polio, and
annual flu vaccine.

Dependent on work, reason for travel, or underlying health conditions, some travellers visiting may require vaccines from:

    Hepatitis B
    Japanese Encephalitis
    Rabies

Pre-departure

    Travellers should provide friends and family with a copy of their travel itinerary, and make a copy of important travel and identification
    documents.

    During the cyclone season, travellers should familiarise themselves with natural disaster preparedness and evacuation plans issued by the
    local government or relevant authorities.

On Arrival

    There are no significant measures to undertake on arrival in Australia.

    Australia has strict quarantine rules in order to keep pests and diseases that could affect plant, animal and human health out of the country.
    Luggage may be examined and searched on arrival and any prohibited items confiscated. Foodstuffs and some other goods must be
    declared on arrival.

In Transit

    There are no significant measures to undertake when travelling in Australia. Public transport is safe and widely available.

At Your Hotel

    There are no significant measures to undertake at hotels in Australia.

    During the cyclone season, weather reports provided by local media and authorities should be monitored if staying in eastern and northern
    coastal areas. Travellers should also prepare an emergency kit of bottled water, non-perishable food items, a battery-powered radio, any
    medications that are taken regularly, and vital travel documents.

In the Street

    Petty theft poses the most significant threat to travellers in Australia. Travellers should avoid overt displays of wealth, especially in more
    crowded areas, and remain aware of there surroundings.

    Travellers should use only small denominations of currency, and keep large amounts of cash and cards in a separate place on their person.
    The contents of wallets and purses should be reduced, particularly cards which may denote affiliations, memberships or accounts.

    Australia also faces a credible threat of terrorism. Travellers should exercise increased vigilance in crowded areas. If travellers observe
    anything suspicious they should leave the area immediately and report their concerns to the relevant authorities.

    Demonstrations and protests occur with some regularity in Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. Travellers should avoid
    demonstrations, protests and rallies, which may attract security forces and present a dynamic and volatile environment. Such incidents can
    disrupt local transport networks.

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                                 7                             Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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COVID-19 Information

Total Cases (ECDC) (Updated on Monday): 32,917

Weekly percentage increase in cases:3.19%

Travel Restrictions: Internal Restrictions Australia continues to implement reduced restrictions due to ongoing COVID-19 concerns. Officials
continue to follow the federal government's Framework for National Reopening, which consists of a three-step model to ease gathering, business,
and transport restrictions. Most state and territory governments are generally adhering to Step-3 measures, which permit most businesses to
operate. States and territories have the autonomy to move between the steps and determine the time frame for reducing measures. Federal
guidelines restrict public gatherings to one person per four square meters (43 square feet) in most venues and one person per two square meters
(21 square feet) for smaller sites; however, many state and territory governments permit business operations under the two-square-meter rule. A
facemask mandate remains in place for airports and all domestic flights nationwide.

Several state and territory governments have developed distinct phased reopening plans. Officials in most locations continue to enforce private
and public gathering limits, albeit at higher numbers, require businesses to introduce contact tracing, mandate COVID-19 safety plans for some
venues, and restrict operations at high-risk companies. Almost all states require health declaration forms for domestic travelers. Authorities
continue to impose stringent business and gathering restrictions in any areas with community transmission of COVID-19. Most domestic border
controls have ended, but officials typically restrict domestic travel or require quarantine and testing for entry in response to new outbreaks.
Domestic travel measures can differ significantly by state or territory. Authorities at the state and territory or national level could reimpose, extend,
further ease, or otherwise amend any restrictions with little-to-no notice depending on COVID-19 activity over the coming weeks.

Australian Capital Territory (ACT): The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has lifted stay-at-home requirements for entrants from Victoria, as of
June 11, due to reduced COVID-19 activity. However, arrivals from Victoria must complete a declaration form within 24 hours before entry
through 23:59 June 17. Authorities require individuals already in or entering the territory who visited state-designated contact exposure sites in
Victoria to complete a declaration form, contact ACT Health, and monitor their health for 14 days.

New South Wales: Authorities in New South Wales (NSW) continue to enforce restrictions statewide as of July 31 due to COVID-19 activity.
Tighter controls are slated to continue in Greater Sydney, where the most recent COVID-19 cases have occurred, until at least Aug. 28. In
regional and rural NSW, authorities permit home gatherings of up to five people. Public groups of up to 20 people can occur for specific reasons.
People must wear facemasks in all indoor nonresidential settings and on public transport.

Indoor and outdoor venues must restrict capacity to 25 people or one person per 4 square meters (43 square feet), whichever is greater. Outdoor
seated and ticketed events may occur at 50 percent of seating capacity; major recreational facilities can also permit additional patrons using the
4-square meter rule for unfixed seating areas. Most nonessential, entertainment, and cultural venues must collect customers' contact information
electronically; hospitality companies must use the government's quick response (QR) code system.

Northern Territory: Authorities in the Northern Territory have further relaxed restrictions as of July 11 amid reduced COVID-19 concerns. Officials
have ended gathering and business measures and facemask requirements in Alice Springs, Darwin, Palmerston, and Litchfield. Businesses and
public venues can operate without restrictions throughout the territory. However, companies must collect patrons' contact information; authorities
require patrons and businesses to use the Territory Check-In App, though manual collection is still permitted. Public events of all sizes can take
place; events with more than 100 participants require a COVID-19 safety checklist. Organizers must complete a COVID-19 Event Safety Plan and
receive approval from health staff for gatherings of more than 500 people. The government requires individuals at large public meetings to
maintain a physical distance of 1.5 meters (5 feet) from others and limit interactions with strangers to a maximum of 15 minutes.

Queensland: The government will ease most restrictions in local government areas (LGAs) in South East Queensland from 06:00 due to reduced
COVID-19 activity, bringing regulations in line with statewide measures. However, a mandate to wear facemasks in public will remain in effect
until 06:00 July 30; the requirement also applies to anyone who visited the affected LGAs within the previous 14 days. There are no restrictions
on public groups and outdoor home gatherings, though private indoor meetings remain limited to 100 people. Authorities encourage people
outside of South East Queensland to always carry facemasks, use them on public transport, at shopping centers, and other locations where
physical distancing is impossible.

The government permits businesses and events to operate at three people per four square meters (43 square feet); seated events can occur at
100-percent capacity. Some companies, including indoor hospitality venues, convention centers, stadiums, and casinos, must comply with the
COVID Safe Checklist. Officials require businesses to collect contact information. Hospitality businesses must collect and store customers'
contact information electronically and use the Check In Qld mobile application. Patrons must also use the app at large venues, shopping centers,
personal services, public events, recreation facilities, short-term accommodations, and places of worship, among others; failure to comply may
result in a fine.

Tasmania: Tasmanian authorities have declared South Australia a COVID-19 high-risk area and have closed Tasmania's borders to travelers
from the state from July 20. The Tasmanian government is also maintaining the high-risk designation and related travel controls for the entirety of

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                                  8                              Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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Victoria and New South Wales as of early July 21. People who have visited these states within 14 days of arrival cannot enter Tasmania.
Exceptions are possible for approved Essential Travellers, including medical personnel and people with specialist skills. Residents of Tasmania
may also apply for Essential Traveller status. Permitted travelers generally must quarantine for 14 days upon arrival. Officials also require people
in Tasmania who have been in state-designated high-risk areas to call the Tasmanian Public Health Hotline and self-quarantine. Inbound
domestic travelers must register before travel through the Tas e-Travel system if traveling from a low-risk area or the G2G Pass system if
traveling from a medium- or high-risk area. Tasmanian authorities could designate additional areas within Australia as high or medium risk and
impose travel restrictions at short notice.

Several venues in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, and Queensland are designated as high-risk premises. No entry exemptions are
possible for individuals with exposure to the designated premises during specified times of known COVID-19 transmission.

Tasmania continues to implement statewide measures to limit the potential spread of COVID-19. Household gatherings remain limited to 100
people. Indoor events of up to 250 people and outdoor events of up to 1,000 people can occur, provided venues adhere to a density limit of one
person per two square meters (21.5 square feet). Capacity restrictions do not apply to emergency services, transport hubs, and educational
institutions, among others. Nonessential businesses are operating. Companies that require a COVID Safety Plan, restaurants, hospitality venues,
places of worship, entertainment venues, and many nonessential retail and service outlets must collect patrons' contact information and keep
records for 28 days. Most businesses and other facilities must use the Check-in TAS mobile application.

Western Australia: Authorities in Western Australia have designated South Australia as low risk due to COVID-19 concerns. The designation
remains in effect for The Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Travelers from low-risk locations must get a COVID-19 test within 48 hours of arrival
and self-quarantine for 14 days. The government continues to classify New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria as medium risk and bans
travelers from these locations unless they receive an exemption in advance. Permitted travelers from medium-risk areas must self-quarantine or
quarantine at government-designated locations for 14 days after arrival. Entrants must also undergo mandatory COVID-19 testing.

The government continues to require establishments throughout Western Australia to collect patrons' contact information; operators can either
use the SafeWA mobile application or manually collect the data. Police could issue fines for individuals violating contact tracing requirements up
to AUD 50,000 and as high as AUD 250,000 for business violations; offenders could also face up to 12 months in jail. Companies must maintain
COVID-19 Safety Plans and COVID-19 Event Plans for mass events.

Travel to most remote Aboriginal communities remains restricted throughout the state, though a few areas have partially reopened to visitors.

Victoria: The Victoria government will end a statewide lockdown from 23:59 July 27 amid reduced COVID-19 activity. The government will end
stay-at-home orders and lift a 5-km (3-mile) limit on travel from home. Private home gatherings remain prohibited, except for partners and single
bubble participants; public groups of up to 10 people are allowed, with higher numbers for religious services and funerals. A facemask mandate
remains in effect for all indoor and outdoor areas, except at home.

The government encourages people to work from home, if possible. Offices can reopen with 25 percent of the workforce, and companies with
fewer than 40 employees can have 10 workers on site. Businesses and public venues can resume operations at one person per four square
meters (42 square feet). Capacity is capped at 100 people indoors and 300 people outdoors at most nonessential businesses with a COVID-19
Marshall on-site. Companies must use the Service Victoria quick response (QR) code mobile application. Patrons must use the app to check in
when visiting such establishments. Businesses must provide an alternative check-in method for customers without smartphones. In-person
learning will also resume.

South Australia: South Australia will ease restrictions from 00:01 July 28 amid reduced COVID-19 activity. The government will end stay-at-home
orders, permitting residents to leave home for any reason. Authorities will limit household gatherings and most public groups to 10 people;
weddings and funerals can occur with 50 people. A facemask mandate remains in place for public transport, healthcare and personal services,
and other high-risk settings.

Businesses and cultural venues can reopen, though the government limits capacity to one person per four square meters (43 square feet).
Fitness centers can operate at one person per eight square meters (86 square feet). Food and drink establishments can only serve seated
customers. Companies must continue to conduct contact tracing with few exceptions; the government has provided companies with QR codes for
mandatory electronic contact tracing. Officials also encourage patrons to use the mySA GOV mobile application to check into establishments.

Domestic Border Controls

    Australian Capital Territory (ACT): Authorities in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) are imposing entry restrictions for travelers from high-
    risk areas of New South Wales (NSW), Queensland, Tasmania, and Victoria states due to COVID-19 activity.

Nonresidents who have visited the Greater Sydney, Central Coast, Blue Mountains, Wollongong, and Shellharbour areas of NSW in the last 14
days may not enter the ACT. Only nonresidents who have obtained an exemption form is allowed entry. Upon arriving, nonresidents must
quarantine for 14 days at a facility at their own expense. Residents who visited the affected areas in the last 14 days and left before 11:59 July 9
must complete an online exemption form within 24 hours of entry and stay at home until 11:59 July 16. Residents who left after 11:59 July 9 must
complete the exemption form and quarantine for 14 days.

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                                 9                              Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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Travelers who have visited Greater Melbourne, Victoria in the last 14 days must complete an online declaration form within 24 hours of entry. If a
person in the ACT had visited an area in Melbourne under a stay-at-home order, they must follow the order in the ACT. Entrants who have visited
high-risk areas of Queensland, such as the City of Brisbane and City of Townsville, in the last 14 days, must also complete an online declaration
form within 24 hours of arrival. Individuals who had recently visited high-risk areas in Tasmania must complete an online declaration form within
24 hours of having been to a high-risk location.

    New South Wales (NSW): The New South Wales (NSW) government has lifted stay-at-home requirements for entrants from Victoria as of
    June 11 due to reduced COVID-19 activity. However, authorities continue to ban the entry of nonresidents who visited state-designated
    exposure sites in Victoria. Individuals already in the territory who visited state-designated exposure sites in Victoria must self-isolate for 14
    days; those who have been tested for COVID-19 after their visit to the sites are exempted. Individuals may also leave self-isolation following
    a negative COVID-19 test result.

    Northern Territory: Authorities require all inbound travelers to complete a border entry form and provide a printed copy upon arrival. Travelers
    from or who have been in a declared COVID-19 hotspot in the past 14 days must undergo a 14-day quarantine at government facilities in
    Alice Springs or Howard Springs at their own expense. Individuals who visited declared hotspots but traveled elsewhere before entering the
    Northern Territory must quarantine for the remainder of the 14-day exposure period. Quarantine exemptions apply on a case-by-case basis.

    Queensland: Queensland permits travel from many areas of Australia without quarantine; however, all travelers must complete a Queensland
    Travel Declaration 72 hours before arrival. The government will designate New South Wales (NSW) a hotspot starting 01:00 July 23. The
    classification is also in effect for South Australia and Victoria. Nonresidents that visited these locations within 14 days cannot enter
    Queensland. Exceptions are possible for essential travel and relocations. Returning residents and exempt travelers must apply for a
    Queensland Border Declaration Pass three business days before arrival and quarantine for 14 days at government-designated
    accommodations at their own expense. Residents in designated border areas of NSW can still enter Queensland without quarantine for
    essential reasons, such as work, medical visits, and meeting legal obligations.

    South Australia: All entrants must complete a Cross Border Travel Registration at least seven days before entering the state. Authorities
    have banned most travelers from the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), New South Wales (NSW), Victoria, and southeast Queensland.
    Exemptions are possible for essential travelers, returning South Australia residents, individuals relocating to South Australia, and people
    fleeing domestic violence, among others. Permitted arrivals must self-quarantine for 14 days, receive three COVID-19 tests, and wear
    facemasks in public. Entrants who completed a 14-day quarantine in the ACT must self-quarantine until receiving a negative test result and
    avoid high-risk establishments and events of more than 1,000 people for 14 days after arrival.

Quarantine exceptions are in place for cross-border residents in Victoria and NSW for essential reasons. Travel between Broken Hill, NSW, and
Manna Hill, Olary, Tikalina, and Cockburn, South Australia, is possible without testing. All residents within 40 km (25 miles) of the South Australia-
Victoria border can travel between the states, provided they have a negative COVID-19 test result taken within seven days or undergo three tests
upon entry to South Australia. Travelers from Victoria must also wear a facemask for 14 days after entry. Cargo transport workers are exempt
from testing and self-quarantine requirements if they have a negative test result within seven days and continue to perform their duties while in
South Australia. However, transporters from Victoria must present a negative COVID-19 result taken within 48 hours or take a COVID-19 test
within 24 hours of arrival.

    Tasmania: Tasmanian authorities have declared several Local Government Areas (LGAs) across Australia as COVID-19 high-risk locations
    as of June 29. Officials have designated areas in Greater Sydney, New South Wales as well as Greater Darwin, Northern Territory, the Perth
    and Peel regions of Western Australia, and several LGAs in Queensland, including those that make up Greater Brisbane, as hotspots.

The government is banning entry for people who visited high-risk LGAs in Sydney on or since June 11, in Darwin on or since June 18, in Perth
and Peel on or since June 22, and in Queensland on or since June 19. Authorities are also banning entry for people who visited high-risk
premises in Victoria since May 22. Only Essential Travellers are exempted from the ban; they include medical personnel and people with
specialist skills. Residents of Tasmania may also apply for Essential Traveller status. Entrants from these areas must quarantine for 14 days upon
arrival. Officials also require people already in Tasmania who have been in state-designated high-risk areas to call the Tasmanian Public Health
Hotline and self-quarantine. The government allows travel from other areas of Australia, except for designated high-risk sites. Authorities ban
travelers with exposure to high-risk sites. Individuals traveling to Tasmania from other parts of Australia must register through the Tas e-Travel
system within 72 hours of arrival. Tasmanian authorities could designate additional areas within Australia as high or medium risk in response to
any new community COVID-19 activity in the coming days and weeks.

    Victoria: Victoria classifies the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and New South Wales (NSW) as red zones. Nonresident travelers from both
    areas are banned, though exemptions are possible for essential reasons or transit or freight workers. Victoria residents can enter the state
    from red zones provided they have not visited an exposure site and do not have COVID-19 symptoms. Returning residents and other
    permitted travelers must take a COVID-19 test and self-quarantine for 14 days after arrival. People that live in the designated Victoria-NSW
    border region are exempt from entry, quarantine, and testing requirements, provided they have not traveled outside the area.

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                                10                             Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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The government continues to classify the City of Brisbane, Moreton Bay, and Sunshine Coast local government areas in Queensland as orange
zones. Arrivals from orange zones must undergo COVID-19 testing within 72 hours of entry and self-quarantine until they receive a negative
result. All travelers to Victoria must apply for a Travel Permit before entry. The government could further adjust border restrictions at short notice.

    Western Australia: All arrivals in Western Australia must complete a G2G PASS declaration to enter the state. Officials continue health
    screenings and temperature checks and confirm G2G PASS declarations at Perth Airport (PER) and land border checkpoints. Officials could
    require some travelers to take COVID-19 tests upon arrival if health staff deem it necessary. Travelers from very low-risk locations can enter
    Western Australia without quarantine. However, officials require people that visited announced exposure sites in Tasmania since June 26 to
    get a COVID-19 test, self-quarantine until receiving a negative result, and wear a facemask when traveling for testing.

International Travel Restrictions As of July 16, roughly 3,000 passengers are allowed to enter Australia per week. The controls have caused
significant disruptions to flight bookings, as demand outstrips the number of available flights. An entry ban remains in effect for most foreign
nationals, though permanent residents, long-term pass holders, and their immediate relatives can enter Australia. Almost all commercial flights
from India remain suspended, though the government has resumed repatriation flights. Nearly all inbound international passengers must undergo
a mandatory 14-day quarantine at designated facilities at the port of entry. Individuals who have been in New Zealand continuously for the
previous 14 days can enter Australia without quarantine. However, quarantine requirements may vary by state, and authorities will likely require
quarantines for individuals with exposure to any known areas of New Zealand with recent COVID-19 community activity.

Inbound travelers must obtain a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) COVID-19 test result within 72 hours before departure for Australia.
People who test positive for COVID-19 and their close contacts or travel companions cannot enter the country. Exceptions to the requirement are
in place for seasonal workers from locations where testing is not widely available. Several state governments charge international and interstate
arrivals for quarantine costs. Costs vary by state; most governments do not require up-front payment and have programs for those with financial
constraints.

The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade is maintaining its global travel advisory for citizens at ""Do Not Travel,"" the highest level, and the
government has banned most citizens from outbound travel. Citizens living in other countries, government officials on business, and workers at
offshore facilities are exempt from the restriction. Exceptions are also in place for airline and maritime staff and crews for international cargo
shipments.

Several state governments are charging international and interstate arrivals for quarantine costs. Costs vary by state; most governments do not
require up-front payment and have programs for those with financial constraints.

Australian Capital Territory (ACT): All travelers entering Australia must quarantine in government-designated facilities in the city of their arrival for
14 days. Quarantine fees in the ACT are AUD 3,000 (USD 2,327) for the first adult, AUD 1,000 (USD 776) for each additional adult in a group,
and AUD 500 (USD 388) for every child over the age of two. Travelers from New Zealand can enter the territory without quarantine.

New South Wales: Most travelers entering Australia must quarantine in government-designated facilities for 14 days in the city of arrival.
Travelers from New Zealand can enter NSW without quarantine. However, passengers on a flight with passengers or crew members that have
been outside of Australia or New Zealand within 14 days of arrival must still quarantine. Costs for quarantine are at the traveler's own expense,
payable at the end of the period. Quarantine fees are AUD 3,000 for the first adult, AUD 1,000 per additional adult, and AUD 355 per child; the
government does not charge fees for children under three years old. Authorities require quarantined travelers to take a COVID-19 test on the 10th
day of quarantine. Refusal to take tests will result in an additional 10 days in quarantine.

Northern Territory: Most travelers entering Australia must quarantine in government-designated facilities for 14 days in the city of arrival. Officials
in Northern Territory charge most international arrivals and visitors from domestic COVID-19 hotspots for quarantine, with fees payable after the
quarantine period. Quarantine fees are AUD 2,500 for the first adult and AUD 5,000 for families of two or more people. The Northern Territory
requires COVID-19 testing before release; people refusing testing must quarantine an additional 10 days and pay additional fees.

Queensland: Most international travelers entering Australia must quarantine at government-designated facilities for 14 days in the city of arrival.
Arrivals from New Zealand are exempt from quarantine. Queensland charges all arriving travelers for quarantine; fees are payable at the end of
the traveler's stay. Quarantine fees are AUD 2,800 for the first adult, AUD 3,710 for two adults, and AUD 4,620 for two adults and two children.
Authorities require quarantined travelers to take a COVID-19 test before release. Refusal to take tests will result in an additional 10 days in
quarantine.

South Australia: Authorities require international arrivals - except from New Zealand - to quarantine for 14 days and undergo multiple rounds of
COVID-19 testing. South Australia charges all required travelers, including Australian citizens and permanent residents, quarantine fees, payable
after completion. Quarantine fees are AUD 3,000 for the first adult and AUD 1,000 for each additional adult or AUD 500 for children over three
years old.

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                                  11                              Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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Tasmania: Most travelers entering Australia must quarantine at government-designated facilities for 14 days in the city of arrival. Officials
designate most of New Zealand as a low-risk location, and travelers may enter the state without quarantine. Tasmania charges domestic and
international travelers for quarantine, with fees payable after the quarantine period. Quarantine fees are AUD 2,800 for the first adult and AUD
1,000 for each additional adult or AUD 500 for children, except those under three years old.

Victoria: Inbound international commercial flights have resumed. Most international travelers entering Australia must quarantine at government-
designated facilities for 14 days in the city of arrival. Victoria requires inbound travelers to complete a Victorian Quarantine Arrival From before
departure. The state charges travelers for quarantine, payable after the quarantine period. Quarantine fees are AUD 3,000 for the first adult and
AUD 1,000 for each additional adult or AUD 500 for children above three years old.

Western Australia: Everyone entering Australia must quarantine in government-designated facilities for 14 days in the city of arrival. Western
Australia charges all arriving travelers, including Australian citizens and permanent residents, for quarantine, payable after the quarantine period.
Quarantine fees are AUD 2,520 for one adult or AUD 3,360 for two adults in the same room. Additional people in a party cost AUD 840 per room,
except for children under six years old. Individuals must take a COVID-19 test before release.

Additional Information: https://www.health.gov.au/news/health-alerts/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-health-alert/coronavirus-covid-19-advice-for-
travellers

Drum Cussac Group Limited                                                12                             Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
Intelligence and Analysis Services

Threat Scale Reference
   Threat Rating            Implication

                            The operating environment is benign and there are only isolated threats to business
   1 - Negligible
                            and/or travel.

                            The operating environment is generally permissive, although there are a limited
   2 – Low
                            number of threats to business and/or travel that requires basic mitigations.

                            The operating environment is challenging and there are serious threats to business
   3 – Moderate
                            and/or travel that requires some mitigations.

                            The operating environment is hostile and there are significant threats to business,
   4 – High
                            personal safety and/or travel, requiring comprehensive mitigations and planning.

                            The operating environment is characterised by pervasive direct threats to business,
   5 – Extreme
                            personal safety and/or travel, requiring strict risk management procedures.

Drum Cussac Group Limited                              13                       Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
Intelligence and Analysis Services

Disclaimer

Drum Cussac Group Ltd makes no representation, warranties or assurance against risk with respect to the contents or use of this document, and
specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties or usefulness for any particular purpose of this publication. Recommendations made are based on
information available at the time of writing. No express or implied warranty is given in respect of any judgment made or to changes, or any unforeseen
escalation of any factors affecting any such judgment.

Copyright

Copyright 2016 Drum Cussac Group Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the express prior consent of Drum
Cussac Group Ltd.

Drum Cussac is a global consultancy delivering intelligence-led, technology-enabled risk, security and crisis management solutions to leading
international organisations. Our specialist operations teams are recognised experts in providing a highly responsive and proactive resource in
challenging and demanding situations.

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Drum Cussac Group Limited                                                 14                              Last Updated: 4 Aug 2021, 20:52 (UTC)
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